F. Cojocaru, M. Joița-Păcureanu, M. Negoiță, Laura Mihai, G. Popescu, Laurențiu Ciornei, V. Ion, G. F. Anton, L. Rîșnoveanu, D. Oprea, Alexandru Bran, E. Sava
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop is grown worldwide, under a range of agro-environments. This crop is primarily grown for its edible oil but also for its achenes (confectionery types), both commonly used in human food. With ongoing climate change, sunflower, as a spring crop, could be more exposed to the direct effect of heat stress and to different drought scenarios, resulting in severe yield losses, oil content decrease and alteration of fatty acids composition. The oil concentration in sunflower (whether linoleic or oleic varieties) is valued above the contribution of genotype, of environment but also of the crop management. In our study, with different sunflower hybrids, experimented in different conditions of the environment, we obtained results on oil content and fatty acids composition. The oil content in kernels is influenced by climate. This depends by air temperature in period of anthesis or during grain filing, also by rainfall. The unsaturated fatty acids of sunflower oil are much more affected by genotype and environment than the saturated ones. Cooler regions offer a more favorable climate for the oil and linoleic acid synthesis. There is an indirect relationship for oleic and linoleic content, in sunflower oil.
{"title":"The Impact of Climatic Conditions on Oil Content and Quality, in Sunflower","authors":"F. Cojocaru, M. Joița-Păcureanu, M. Negoiță, Laura Mihai, G. Popescu, Laurențiu Ciornei, V. Ion, G. F. Anton, L. Rîșnoveanu, D. Oprea, Alexandru Bran, E. Sava","doi":"10.59665/rar4024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4024","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop is grown worldwide, under a range of agro-environments. This crop is primarily grown for its edible oil but also for its achenes (confectionery types), both commonly used in human food. With ongoing climate change, sunflower, as a spring crop, could be more exposed to the direct effect of heat stress and to different drought scenarios, resulting in severe yield losses, oil content decrease and alteration of fatty acids composition. The oil concentration in sunflower (whether linoleic or oleic varieties) is valued above the contribution of genotype, of environment but also of the crop management. In our study, with different sunflower hybrids, experimented in different conditions of the environment, we obtained results on oil content and fatty acids composition. The oil content in kernels is influenced by climate. This depends by air temperature in period of anthesis or during grain filing, also by rainfall. The unsaturated fatty acids of sunflower oil are much more affected by genotype and environment than the saturated ones. Cooler regions offer a more favorable climate for the oil and linoleic acid synthesis. There is an indirect relationship for oleic and linoleic content, in sunflower oil.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kuneva, A. Stoyanova, J. Cojocaru, R. Sturzu, C. Melucă
The present research paper aims at comparing the similarity and remoteness of influence of the features of eight common wheat varieties and their grouping on the base of important structural indicators through the use of a mathematical approach and a cluster analysis; studying of a relationships between the examined indicators in order to make more objective evaluation using the possibilities of the factor analysis; reducing the number of correlating indicators into new factors. Two-year data were used, obtained from the examination of eight common wheat varieties. The subject of the present research were seven seven foreign varieties of wheat - Ingenio, Bologna, Dalara, Moyson, Falado, Gabrio, Pibrak, and the eighth variety - Factor - was a local Bulgarian selection. The introduction of common wheat varieties is related to the study of their productivity and ecological plasticity. For this purpose there were reported and analised yield structural elements: plant height, wheat-ear length, number of ears, number of grains per ear, weight of grains per ear, grain yield from hectare. The cluster analysis showed that the influence of wheat variety on the qualitative indicators led to their grouping into two new clusters. There was established a strong positive correlation between the number of grains per ear and the hectoliter mass (r = 0.811) as well as between the number of ears and the weight of grains per ear (r = 0.771). The correlation coefficient between the number and weight of grains - (r = 0.649). The factor analysis established the influence of three main factors influencing the group formation of wheat varieties. The first factor was related basically to plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear and hectoliter mass. The second component was basically related to the number of ears and weight of grains. The third factor was related to the mass of 1000 grains.
{"title":"Productive Capabilities of Promising Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"V. Kuneva, A. Stoyanova, J. Cojocaru, R. Sturzu, C. Melucă","doi":"10.59665/rar4020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4020","url":null,"abstract":"The present research paper aims at comparing the similarity and remoteness of influence of the features of eight common wheat varieties and their grouping on the base of important structural indicators through the use of a mathematical approach and a cluster analysis; studying of a relationships between the examined indicators in order to make more objective evaluation using the possibilities of the factor analysis; reducing the number of correlating indicators into new factors. Two-year data were used, obtained from the examination of eight common wheat varieties. The subject of the present research were seven seven foreign varieties of wheat - Ingenio, Bologna, Dalara, Moyson, Falado, Gabrio, Pibrak, and the eighth variety - Factor - was a local Bulgarian selection. The introduction of common wheat varieties is related to the study of their productivity and ecological plasticity. For this purpose there were reported and analised yield structural elements: plant height, wheat-ear length, number of ears, number of grains per ear, weight of grains per ear, grain yield from hectare. The cluster analysis showed that the influence of wheat variety on the qualitative indicators led to their grouping into two new clusters. There was established a strong positive correlation between the number of grains per ear and the hectoliter mass (r = 0.811) as well as between the number of ears and the weight of grains per ear (r = 0.771). The correlation coefficient between the number and weight of grains - (r = 0.649). The factor analysis established the influence of three main factors influencing the group formation of wheat varieties. The first factor was related basically to plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear and hectoliter mass. The second component was basically related to the number of ears and weight of grains. The third factor was related to the mass of 1000 grains.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil formation processes and cropping and management practices affect plant-available amounts of boron (B) in soils. Using Pearson's correlation and principal component analyses, this study investigated the relationships between soil properties and plant-available boron concentrations in 69 soil samples. In principal component analysis (PCA), 73.079% of the variance was explained with four components. Plant-available B in the soil was significantly correlated with phosphorus, potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), showing that phosphorus and potassium fertilizer producers would be adding boron to fertilizers, although it is not mentioned on their packages. Also, the tide correlation between B and either soil pH and EC was attributed to greater solubility B, pH and EC. The majority of the experimental soils were deficient in boron. Therefore, boron fertilizer must be added to the fertilization program to mitigate the losses caused by boron deficiency in low-input agricultural production fields.
{"title":"Investigation of Relationships Between Available Boron and Soil Properties","authors":"F. Gökmen, V. Uygur, E. Sukuşu","doi":"10.59665/rar4036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4036","url":null,"abstract":"Soil formation processes and cropping and management practices affect plant-available amounts of boron (B) in soils. Using Pearson's correlation and principal component analyses, this study investigated the relationships between soil properties and plant-available boron concentrations in 69 soil samples. In principal component analysis (PCA), 73.079% of the variance was explained with four components. Plant-available B in the soil was significantly correlated with phosphorus, potassium, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), showing that phosphorus and potassium fertilizer producers would be adding boron to fertilizers, although it is not mentioned on their packages. Also, the tide correlation between B and either soil pH and EC was attributed to greater solubility B, pH and EC. The majority of the experimental soils were deficient in boron. Therefore, boron fertilizer must be added to the fertilization program to mitigate the losses caused by boron deficiency in low-input agricultural production fields.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Agapie, N. Horablaga, C. Bostan, L. Popa, Christianna ISTRATE–SCHILLER, D. Rechițean, F. Sala
The study assessed the efficiency of nitrogen use in winter wheat, cultivar ‘Ciprian’ through the combined application of nitrogen with phosphorus fertilizers, between 2016 and 2021. The research was organized within ARDS Lovrin, Timiş County, Romania, under the conditions of a chernozem soil type. The experimental factors considered were: experimental factor A - year of experimentation - six years 2016-2021; experimental factor B -mineral nitrogen fertilizers, with the following graduations: 0 kg N ha-1 (control), 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1,90 kg N ha-1and 120 kg N ha-1; experimental factor C- mineral phosphorus fertilizers, with the following five graduations: 0 kg P ha-1 (control), 40 kg P ha-1, 80 kg P ha 1, 120 kg P ha-1 and 160 kg P ha-1. Production has been taken into consideration for NEU evaluation (Y, kg ha-1), the total nitrogen (Ntot) content (%) of thegrains, N uptake (%) in relation to the experimental factors considered. Differences in NUEs had different significance compared to each experimental factor, and the interaction between A×B, A×C and B×C factors generated differences in statistically safe conditions (p<0.05 in A×C case, and p<0.001 in A×B and B×C case).
该研究评估了2016年至2021年间，通过氮肥和磷肥的联合施用，冬小麦品种“Ciprian”的氮利用效率。这项研究是在罗马尼亚蒂米茨县的ARDS Lovrin进行的，条件是黑钙土类型。考虑的实验因素有:实验因素A -实验年份- 2016-2021年;试验因子B -矿质氮肥，施氮量分别为0 kg N ha-1(对照)、30 kg N ha-1、60 kg N ha-1、90 kg N ha-1和120 kg N ha-1;试验因子C-矿物磷肥，按0 kg磷-1(对照)、40 kg磷-1、80 kg磷-1、120 kg磷-1和160 kg磷-1五个等级施用。产量已考虑NEU评价(Y, kg ha-1)，籽粒总氮(Ntot)含量(%)，氮吸收(%)与所考虑的试验因素有关。各试验因子间nue差异具有不同的显著性，且A×B、A×C、B×C因子间的交互作用在安全条件上存在统计学差异(A×C组p<0.05, A×B、B×C组p<0.001)。
{"title":"The Dynamics of Nitrogen Valorification in Wheat Crop under the Influence of the Used Agrofound","authors":"A. Agapie, N. Horablaga, C. Bostan, L. Popa, Christianna ISTRATE–SCHILLER, D. Rechițean, F. Sala","doi":"10.59665/rar4032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4032","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the efficiency of nitrogen use in winter wheat, cultivar ‘Ciprian’ through the combined application of nitrogen with phosphorus fertilizers, between 2016 and 2021. The research was organized within ARDS Lovrin, Timiş County, Romania, under the conditions of a chernozem soil type. The experimental factors considered were: experimental factor A - year of experimentation - six years 2016-2021; experimental factor B -mineral nitrogen fertilizers, with the following graduations: 0 kg N ha-1 (control), 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1,90 kg N ha-1and 120 kg N ha-1; experimental factor C- mineral phosphorus fertilizers, with the following five graduations: 0 kg P ha-1 (control), 40 kg P ha-1, 80 kg P ha 1, 120 kg P ha-1 and 160 kg P ha-1. Production has been taken into consideration for NEU evaluation (Y, kg ha-1), the total nitrogen (Ntot) content (%) of thegrains, N uptake (%) in relation to the experimental factors considered. Differences in NUEs had different significance compared to each experimental factor, and the interaction between A×B, A×C and B×C factors generated differences in statistically safe conditions (p<0.05 in A×C case, and p<0.001 in A×B and B×C case).","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield and seed quality of cereal crops, the major risk is contamination with toxic fungal secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, which have negative consequences in human and animal health. The influence of different concentrations of the oregano, basil and thyme essential oils on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicilium species was analyzed and action of inhibiting the capacity of molds’ occurrence and development at stored wheat and maize. The chemical composition of the all essential oils was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Oregano and basil essential oils inhibit completely development of Fusarium spp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. pathogens at 2000-5000 ppm concentration exerted a fungitoxic effect. However, thyme oil in 10-100 µl/ml concentration was the strongest in fungicidal activity of the tested Fusarium, Penicilium, Aspergillus, species. In conclusion, all essential oils used in this study could be suitable for applications in the food industry to control molds and improve the safety of stored grain.
{"title":"Essential Oils Antimicrobial Activity in Limiting the Development of Main Spoilage Fungi Associated with Stored Cereals","authors":"Roxana Zaharia, V. Oltenacu, V. Fătu, C. Petrişor","doi":"10.59665/rar4049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4049","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield and seed quality of cereal crops, the major risk is contamination with toxic fungal secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, which have negative consequences in human and animal health. The influence of different concentrations of the oregano, basil and thyme essential oils on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicilium species was analyzed and action of inhibiting the capacity of molds’ occurrence and development at stored wheat and maize. The chemical composition of the all essential oils was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Oregano and basil essential oils inhibit completely development of Fusarium spp., Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. pathogens at 2000-5000 ppm concentration exerted a fungitoxic effect. However, thyme oil in 10-100 µl/ml concentration was the strongest in fungicidal activity of the tested Fusarium, Penicilium, Aspergillus, species. In conclusion, all essential oils used in this study could be suitable for applications in the food industry to control molds and improve the safety of stored grain.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Španić, K. Šunić, J. Duvnjak, J. Babić, G. Drezner
Winter wheat is susceptible to several diseases throughout the vegetative season whereas fungicide treatments are protection used to combat fungal pathogens and to improve plant growth thus mitigating grain yield reductions. One of the main diseases is Fusarium head blight (FHB) which can be a huge problem in wheat production. Twelve winter wheat varieties varying in FHB sensitivity were tested for control of FHB using fungicide treatments made in tillering or/and heading stage, with or without inoculation with Fusarium spp. to determine the grain yield response to fungicide application at different growth stages. The grain yield from fungicide treated plots was compared to non-treated plots in two seeding rates and Fusarium inoculated plots in two growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021). The average area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for Type I resistance was 109.48 in 2020 and 99.33 in 2021 year in VI treatment where fungicide application in heading and Fusarium inoculation simultaneously were performed. In VII treatment where only Fusarium inoculation was applied, AUDPC for Type I resistance in 2020 was 371.88 in average, while in 2021 that was 199.18 in average. Wheat varieties treated with a fungicide in the heading stage at the first year of investigation (2020) had higher grain yield, compared to non-treated plots or treated in tillering stage. These results indicated that application of fungicides in heading stage when there is sufficient moisture in May and June may increase chances of profitability from fungicide application at that growth stage. Cumulative rainfall from January till May, at year 2021 had a positive effect on the grain yield, when accumulated rainfall in this period increased chances of getting a higher yield response from fungicide application in the tillering stage. Fungicide applications should always be implemented in combination with sound agronomic management and FHB resistant varieties.
在整个营养季节，冬小麦易受几种疾病的影响，而杀菌剂处理是用于对抗真菌病原体和改善植物生长从而减轻粮食减产的保护措施。小麦的主要病害之一是赤霉病(Fusarium head blight, FHB)，这是小麦生产中的一个巨大问题。采用分蘖期或抽穗期、接种或不接种镰刀菌对12个对赤霉病敏感的冬小麦品种进行了杀真菌剂防治试验，以确定不同生育期施用杀菌剂对籽粒产量的响应。在两个生长季节(2019/2020和2020/2021)，比较了杀菌剂处理地块与未处理地块在两种播种量和接种镰刀菌的地块的粮食产量。在抽穗同时施用杀菌剂和接种镰刀菌的VI处理中，2020年和2021年I型抗性的平均疾病进展曲线下面积分别为109.48和99.33。在仅接种镰刀菌的VII处理中，2020年1型耐药AUDPC平均为371.88,2021年平均为199.18。在调查第一年(2020年)抽穗期施用杀菌剂的小麦品种比未施用或分蘖期施用的小麦品种产量更高。结果表明，5、6月水分充足的抽穗期施用杀菌剂可增加该生育期施用杀菌剂的获利机会。2021年1 - 5月的累积降雨量对籽粒产量有积极影响，这一时期的累积降雨量增加了分蘖期施用杀菌剂获得更高产量响应的机会。杀菌剂的施用应始终与良好的农艺管理和抗FHB品种相结合。
{"title":"Winter Wheat Grain Yield Response to Fungicide Application at Different Stages and Fusarium Head Blight Is Rather Influenced by Variety and Year","authors":"V. Španić, K. Šunić, J. Duvnjak, J. Babić, G. Drezner","doi":"10.59665/rar4050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4050","url":null,"abstract":"Winter wheat is susceptible to several diseases throughout the vegetative season whereas fungicide treatments are protection used to combat fungal pathogens and to improve plant growth thus mitigating grain yield reductions. One of the main diseases is Fusarium head blight (FHB) which can be a huge problem in wheat production. Twelve winter wheat varieties varying in FHB sensitivity were tested for control of FHB using fungicide treatments made in tillering or/and heading stage, with or without inoculation with Fusarium spp. to determine the grain yield response to fungicide application at different growth stages. The grain yield from fungicide treated plots was compared to non-treated plots in two seeding rates and Fusarium inoculated plots in two growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021). The average area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for Type I resistance was 109.48 in 2020 and 99.33 in 2021 year in VI treatment where fungicide application in heading and Fusarium inoculation simultaneously were performed. In VII treatment where only Fusarium inoculation was applied, AUDPC for Type I resistance in 2020 was 371.88 in average, while in 2021 that was 199.18 in average. Wheat varieties treated with a fungicide in the heading stage at the first year of investigation (2020) had higher grain yield, compared to non-treated plots or treated in tillering stage. These results indicated that application of fungicides in heading stage when there is sufficient moisture in May and June may increase chances of profitability from fungicide application at that growth stage. Cumulative rainfall from January till May, at year 2021 had a positive effect on the grain yield, when accumulated rainfall in this period increased chances of getting a higher yield response from fungicide application in the tillering stage. Fungicide applications should always be implemented in combination with sound agronomic management and FHB resistant varieties.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irina Adriana Chiurciu, D. Dana, Valentina Voicu, E. Cofas, A. Chereji, R. Budău
The topic is particularly important because toxins cause mycotoxins in plants and animals and remain in food products obtained from infected organisms and they are mutagenic, teratogenic and estrogenic effects in animal and human bodies. Also, may be a serious threat to human health. This study presents the mineral nutrition status of winter wheat in connection with the risks of wheat contamination by Fusarium toxins in the soil conditions at INCDA Fundulea. The plants selected for testing were ten wheat cultivars, identified as susceptible to infection with Fusarium graminearum. The soil from the experiment was Cambic Chernozem. Two types of parcels were included in the experiment: one with healthy plants and another with artificially infected plants. In order to quantify the mineral nutrition status of plant with macro and micronutrients, the plant analyses were being carried out in the ear emergence-flowering phase. The obtained results it was interpreted in connection with the optimum limits of mineral contents in dry matter, mentioned in the specialty literature. The N and K ratios between healthy plant and artificially infected plants it was processed based on analytical data.
{"title":"Management of Risks for Wheat Contamination with Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Irina Adriana Chiurciu, D. Dana, Valentina Voicu, E. Cofas, A. Chereji, R. Budău","doi":"10.59665/rar4051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4051","url":null,"abstract":"The topic is particularly important because toxins cause mycotoxins in plants and animals and remain in food products obtained from infected organisms and they are mutagenic, teratogenic and estrogenic effects in animal and human bodies. Also, may be a serious threat to human health. This study presents the mineral nutrition status of winter wheat in connection with the risks of wheat contamination by Fusarium toxins in the soil conditions at INCDA Fundulea. The plants selected for testing were ten wheat cultivars, identified as susceptible to infection with Fusarium graminearum. The soil from the experiment was Cambic Chernozem. Two types of parcels were included in the experiment: one with healthy plants and another with artificially infected plants. In order to quantify the mineral nutrition status of plant with macro and micronutrients, the plant analyses were being carried out in the ear emergence-flowering phase. The obtained results it was interpreted in connection with the optimum limits of mineral contents in dry matter, mentioned in the specialty literature. The N and K ratios between healthy plant and artificially infected plants it was processed based on analytical data.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Popov, M. Grahovac, Marta Loc, D. Prvulović, D. Budakov, B. Konstantinović, N. Samardžić, T. Stojanović
Asclepias syriaca L. is an invasive plant in Serbia which threatens the biodiversity and ecosystem functionality with its high production of wind-dispersed seeds and the rapid proliferation by the lateral rhizomes. The mechanism that allows its competitiveness is allelopathy - the release of the chemical compounds identified in the roots and leaves which have negative effects on the other plants. These allelochemicals not only affect the development of the neighboring plants, but also are a potential source of the antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, which increase the immunity of the plant itself, protecting it from the pests and the pathogens. The present study aimed to screen the antifungal activity of the A. syriaca water and methanol extracts. In vitro antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the radial growth assays against the three phytopathogenic fungi isolates: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium avenaceum and Discula platani. The results were processed by factorial ANOVA and the statistically significant differences were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test using the software STATISTICA 13.5. The obtained results suggest that the A. syriaca water extract has a significant fungistatic and potential fungicidal effect towards the tested phytopathogenic fungi and thus can be considered as a potential tool for their biological control.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of the Asclepias syriaca L. Root Extract","authors":"M. Popov, M. Grahovac, Marta Loc, D. Prvulović, D. Budakov, B. Konstantinović, N. Samardžić, T. Stojanović","doi":"10.59665/rar4053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4053","url":null,"abstract":"Asclepias syriaca L. is an invasive plant in Serbia which threatens the biodiversity and ecosystem functionality with its high production of wind-dispersed seeds and the rapid proliferation by the lateral rhizomes. The mechanism that allows its competitiveness is allelopathy - the release of the chemical compounds identified in the roots and leaves which have negative effects on the other plants. These allelochemicals not only affect the development of the neighboring plants, but also are a potential source of the antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds, which increase the immunity of the plant itself, protecting it from the pests and the pathogens. The present study aimed to screen the antifungal activity of the A. syriaca water and methanol extracts. In vitro antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the radial growth assays against the three phytopathogenic fungi isolates: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium avenaceum and Discula platani. The results were processed by factorial ANOVA and the statistically significant differences were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test using the software STATISTICA 13.5. The obtained results suggest that the A. syriaca water extract has a significant fungistatic and potential fungicidal effect towards the tested phytopathogenic fungi and thus can be considered as a potential tool for their biological control.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Toma, O. Boiu-Sicuia, Filofteia Camelia Diguță, M. Ciucă, F. Matei, C. Cornea
Food illnesses can occur due to the presence of human pathogen contaminants in fresh farm products. Herbs, vegetables and fruits, especially from organic agriculture, are highly exposed to animal and human pathogens. However, safe microbial antagonists, approved for plant protection, could be a solution to prevent this health risk to occur. The aim of this study is to reveal several beneficial bacterial strains reducing the prevalence of human and animal pathogens. Tested beneficial strains were previously described as promising biocontrol agents against soilborne pathogens of field crops and vegetables. Moreover, their endophyte adaptation, ensures an intimate relation with their plant hosts. Therefore, within this study we analyzed the inhibitory activity of seven biocontrol endophytes against 24 reference bacterial strains, of which 19 important human and animal pathogens. Some of the tested beneficial strains revealed antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens, such as: Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, Rhodococcus equi, Salmonella enterica, S. typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Due to their antagonistic activity, the beneficial strains were studied through molecular techniques to reveal their functional genes involved in antimicrobial compounds synthesis. Genes encoding for iturin A, surfactin, bacilysin, bacillomycin and bacillaene were found in these biocontrol strains. Therefore, we could consider such beneficial strains as promising candidates for plant protection and human safety.
{"title":"Selected Plant Protection Bacillus Strains Increase Food Safeness by Inhibiting Human Pathogenic Bacteria","authors":"R. Toma, O. Boiu-Sicuia, Filofteia Camelia Diguță, M. Ciucă, F. Matei, C. Cornea","doi":"10.59665/rar4057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4057","url":null,"abstract":"Food illnesses can occur due to the presence of human pathogen contaminants in fresh farm products. Herbs, vegetables and fruits, especially from organic agriculture, are highly exposed to animal and human pathogens. However, safe microbial antagonists, approved for plant protection, could be a solution to prevent this health risk to occur. The aim of this study is to reveal several beneficial bacterial strains reducing the prevalence of human and animal pathogens. Tested beneficial strains were previously described as promising biocontrol agents against soilborne pathogens of field crops and vegetables. Moreover, their endophyte adaptation, ensures an intimate relation with their plant hosts. Therefore, within this study we analyzed the inhibitory activity of seven biocontrol endophytes against 24 reference bacterial strains, of which 19 important human and animal pathogens. Some of the tested beneficial strains revealed antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens, such as: Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Listeria ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, Rhodococcus equi, Salmonella enterica, S. typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes. Due to their antagonistic activity, the beneficial strains were studied through molecular techniques to reveal their functional genes involved in antimicrobial compounds synthesis. Genes encoding for iturin A, surfactin, bacilysin, bacillomycin and bacillaene were found in these biocontrol strains. Therefore, we could consider such beneficial strains as promising candidates for plant protection and human safety.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Pop, L. Burescu, Eugenia Adriana Morar-Burescu, I. Vlad
The purpose of this research consists in the development of a floristic, phytocoenological, ecological, cytogenetic, syndamic, economic and environmentally-friendly study of the marshy meadows located in the subalpine peats of the Vlădeasa Mountains. A total of nine phytocoenological surveys were conducted in the most representative sample areas of the phytocenoses of the Eriophoro vaginati-Sphagnetum recurvi association, in order to find adequate answers to the five proposed objectives of the study. The species found as a result of the floristic inventory were included in an association synthetic table by affinity criteria for coenotaxa: alliance, order, class to which they are subordinate. In the results chapter, the phytocoenoses of the association's meadows were analysed statistically based on tables, histograms, diagrams, by weight in ecological categories of bioforms, phytogeographical elements, cytogenetic elements and the ecological behaviour of the species in relation to edaphic moisture, air temperature, and chemical reaction of the soil. The phytocoenoses of the association, the economic and scientific value and the measures of sustainable management and environmentally friendly management of the subalpine meadows were also studied syndamically. The results thus obtained were compared with two reference works belonging to authors who carried out similar research in different geographical regions. We formulate seven findings in which the results of the research are summarized.
{"title":"Contributions to the Phytocoenological Study of Oligo-Mesotrophic Peat Bogs / Marshy Meadows in the Vlădeasa Mountains, Western Carpathians, Romania","authors":"I. Pop, L. Burescu, Eugenia Adriana Morar-Burescu, I. Vlad","doi":"10.59665/rar4065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4065","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research consists in the development of a floristic, phytocoenological, ecological, cytogenetic, syndamic, economic and environmentally-friendly study of the marshy meadows located in the subalpine peats of the Vlădeasa Mountains. A total of nine phytocoenological surveys were conducted in the most representative sample areas of the phytocenoses of the Eriophoro vaginati-Sphagnetum recurvi association, in order to find adequate answers to the five proposed objectives of the study. The species found as a result of the floristic inventory were included in an association synthetic table by affinity criteria for coenotaxa: alliance, order, class to which they are subordinate. In the results chapter, the phytocoenoses of the association's meadows were analysed statistically based on tables, histograms, diagrams, by weight in ecological categories of bioforms, phytogeographical elements, cytogenetic elements and the ecological behaviour of the species in relation to edaphic moisture, air temperature, and chemical reaction of the soil. The phytocoenoses of the association, the economic and scientific value and the measures of sustainable management and environmentally friendly management of the subalpine meadows were also studied syndamically. The results thus obtained were compared with two reference works belonging to authors who carried out similar research in different geographical regions. We formulate seven findings in which the results of the research are summarized.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71124232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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