Amir Khashayar Mousavi, M. R. Dadashi, S. Kalat, S. Khorasani
The occurrence of drought stress in most areas of Iran with limited water reserves, the need to use agricultural techniques and adaptation measures with the aim of helping crop producers to choose the appropriate planting date and optimal use of irrigation water to increase corn production is necessary. In order to investigate the yield, chlorophyll content, osmolytes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in sweet corn (cv. Amylopop) in response to drought stress and delay in planting, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) at Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. The treatments included the irrigation as the main factor in three levels [100% water requirement, 80% water requirement (mild stress), 60% water requirement (severe stress)] and planting date as a sub-plots in three levels (16 May, 26 May and 5 June). The findings showed that grain yield and leaf chlorophyll content decreased by 62% and 40% by delay in planting and increased drought stress caused by low irrigation regime, respectively, compared to the control (no stress and timely cultivation), and also, glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes contents increased. Therefore, according to the climatic conditions of the Mashhad region, water loss through surface evaporation is much less at the beginning of the growing season, so it is necessary to choose the well-timed planting date and not to use a low irrigation strategy to achieve the maximum grain yield.
{"title":"The Effect of Planting Date and Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Chlorophyll Content, Osmolytes and Antioxidant Enzymes in Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L. var saccarata)","authors":"Amir Khashayar Mousavi, M. R. Dadashi, S. Kalat, S. Khorasani","doi":"10.59665/rar4009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4009","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of drought stress in most areas of Iran with limited water reserves, the need to use agricultural techniques and adaptation measures with the aim of helping crop producers to choose the appropriate planting date and optimal use of irrigation water to increase corn production is necessary. In order to investigate the yield, chlorophyll content, osmolytes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in sweet corn (cv. Amylopop) in response to drought stress and delay in planting, an experiment was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) at Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. The treatments included the irrigation as the main factor in three levels [100% water requirement, 80% water requirement (mild stress), 60% water requirement (severe stress)] and planting date as a sub-plots in three levels (16 May, 26 May and 5 June). The findings showed that grain yield and leaf chlorophyll content decreased by 62% and 40% by delay in planting and increased drought stress caused by low irrigation regime, respectively, compared to the control (no stress and timely cultivation), and also, glycine betaine, proline, soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes contents increased. Therefore, according to the climatic conditions of the Mashhad region, water loss through surface evaporation is much less at the beginning of the growing season, so it is necessary to choose the well-timed planting date and not to use a low irrigation strategy to achieve the maximum grain yield.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dima, M. Paraschivu, E. Partal, A. Diaconu, R. Drăghici, I. Titirica
Marginal sandy soils are frequently characterized by low fertility, low organic matter, moderate to high acidity and low cationic exchange capacity, limiting the options of smallholding farmers for various crops. To investigate the impact of the sowing time on grain yield, yield components, protein and oil content of peanuts cultivated in marginal sandy soils in Southern Oltenia, Romania, a bifactorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2015-2017 at the Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni. The first factor was sowing time (the 25th April as early sowing and the 5th May as late sowing) and the second factor was peanut cultivar (Dăbuleni, Viorica, Viviana). According to the results of the experiment the sowing time had significant impact on the pods number per plant, the production of pods and the grain oil content. Analyzing the interaction between the sowing time and the cultivar there were significant differences only in the pod number per plant in 2015 and the production of pods in 2016. In all peanut’s genotypes studied, early sowing led to higher yields of pods compared to late sowing, probably due to the shortening of the vegetation period of the crop by late sowing on the 5th May, which led also to less dry matter and lower oil content accumulated in peanut grains. Therefore, the results suggested that early sowing time is the most recommended for peanuts growth and quality yield in sandy marginal areas.
{"title":"The Impact of the Sowing Time on Peanuts Yield`s Components in Marginal Sandy Soils in Southern Oltenia, Romania","authors":"M. Dima, M. Paraschivu, E. Partal, A. Diaconu, R. Drăghici, I. Titirica","doi":"10.59665/rar4029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4029","url":null,"abstract":"Marginal sandy soils are frequently characterized by low fertility, low organic matter, moderate to high acidity and low cationic exchange capacity, limiting the options of smallholding farmers for various crops. To investigate the impact of the sowing time on grain yield, yield components, protein and oil content of peanuts cultivated in marginal sandy soils in Southern Oltenia, Romania, a bifactorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during 2015-2017 at the Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands Dăbuleni. The first factor was sowing time (the 25th April as early sowing and the 5th May as late sowing) and the second factor was peanut cultivar (Dăbuleni, Viorica, Viviana). According to the results of the experiment the sowing time had significant impact on the pods number per plant, the production of pods and the grain oil content. Analyzing the interaction between the sowing time and the cultivar there were significant differences only in the pod number per plant in 2015 and the production of pods in 2016. In all peanut’s genotypes studied, early sowing led to higher yields of pods compared to late sowing, probably due to the shortening of the vegetation period of the crop by late sowing on the 5th May, which led also to less dry matter and lower oil content accumulated in peanut grains. Therefore, the results suggested that early sowing time is the most recommended for peanuts growth and quality yield in sandy marginal areas.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Vaziri, M. R. Dadashi, Hossein Ajamnorozi, A. Soltani, Saeed Yarahmadi
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the crops that has great importance in human and animal nutrition. Nutrient management can improve the nutritional value and grain yield in bread wheat. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment the effect of Zinc (Zn) levels as well as the interactions with Nitrogen (N) and irrigation regimes on yield, yield components and Zn content in bread wheat grain. To this purpose, an experiment was performed in a split-split plot design with four replications, which supplementary irrigation (no irrigation, irrigation at stem elongation and irrigation at the stage of grain filling) as the main plot, Zn levels as split-plot (no spraying of Zn and Spraying Zn with a concentration of 5%) and nitrogen consumption levels (nitrogen-free, half the normal dosage and normal nitrogen consumption) as split-split factors. The results showed that the grain yield and yield components affected by the applied treatments. The highest grain yield (646 g/m2 ) and Zn concentration (32.69%) observed in spraying Zn at 5% concentration supplemented with irrigation at the grain filling stage with normal N application. Also, Zn content of grain was increased by Zn foliar application. Furthermore, the grain yield significantly correlated with Zn content, Harvest index (HI), seed filling rate (SFR), thousand seed weight (TKW) and seed number per spike (SNS) traits. The highest grain yield was obtained in supplementary irrigation in grain filling stage indicating importance of supplementary irrigation in this stage. In general, the results of this study showed that the grain yield and quality in bread wheat could be increased by supplementary factors.
{"title":"Enhancing Grain Yield and Zinc Content in Bread Wheat Using Zinc and Nitrogen Application under Supplementary Irrigation Treatments","authors":"Hossein Vaziri, M. R. Dadashi, Hossein Ajamnorozi, A. Soltani, Saeed Yarahmadi","doi":"10.59665/rar4037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4037","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the crops that has great importance in human and animal nutrition. Nutrient management can improve the nutritional value and grain yield in bread wheat. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment the effect of Zinc (Zn) levels as well as the interactions with Nitrogen (N) and irrigation regimes on yield, yield components and Zn content in bread wheat grain. To this purpose, an experiment was performed in a split-split plot design with four replications, which supplementary irrigation (no irrigation, irrigation at stem elongation and irrigation at the stage of grain filling) as the main plot, Zn levels as split-plot (no spraying of Zn and Spraying Zn with a concentration of 5%) and nitrogen consumption levels (nitrogen-free, half the normal dosage and normal nitrogen consumption) as split-split factors. The results showed that the grain yield and yield components affected by the applied treatments. The highest grain yield (646 g/m2 ) and Zn concentration (32.69%) observed in spraying Zn at 5% concentration supplemented with irrigation at the grain filling stage with normal N application. Also, Zn content of grain was increased by Zn foliar application. Furthermore, the grain yield significantly correlated with Zn content, Harvest index (HI), seed filling rate (SFR), thousand seed weight (TKW) and seed number per spike (SNS) traits. The highest grain yield was obtained in supplementary irrigation in grain filling stage indicating importance of supplementary irrigation in this stage. In general, the results of this study showed that the grain yield and quality in bread wheat could be increased by supplementary factors.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Jafari, H. Ajamnorozei, M. R. Dadashi, A. Soltani, S. Dastan
Life cycle assessment is an appropriate method to study the environmental impacts of producing a crop product throughout its cycle in a production system. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the life cycle of paddy rice production under the effects of NPK fertilizers in Mazandaran province in northern Iran during 2017-2018. The different doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers were N250P150K150; N200P100K100; N150P75K75; N100P50K50, and control (N0P0K0). The results displayed that an average amount of cumulative energy demand and cumulative exergy demand was 11549.78 and 13443.08 MJ, respectively, that with increase of NPK consumption, both indices showed increasing trend. The average ecological footprint was 1190.80 m 2 a which CO2 emissions had shown the highest effect on the ecological footprint. The average of the impact categories of abiotic depletion was equals 12.44 kg Sb eq, acidification (3.15 kg SO2 eq), eutrophiction (2.33 kg PO4 eq), malodorous air (7295733 m3 air), freshwater sediment ecotoxicity (75.79 kg 1,4 DB eq), marine sediment ecotoxicity (116.11 kg 1,4 DB eq) that all of which enhanced with increasing NPK consumption. The average global warming potential (GWP) 20a and GWP 500a were 399.20 and 382.97 kg CO2 eq, respectively. Two indicators of human toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity in the three periods of 20, 100 and 500 years shows increasing amounts equal 0.42% and 140.70% during 20a to 500a, respectively. All pollutants released into the air and the water demonstrated enhancing trend with increasing NPK amounts. The emission of nitrate into soil, metals into the soil, and chemical oxygen demand showed enhancing trend with increasing NPK levels. Therefore, enhancing the emission of pollutants by increasing nitrogen consumption can be due to increase of yield.
生命周期评价是研究生产系统中作物产品在其整个生产周期中对环境影响的一种适当方法。因此，本研究旨在评估2017-2018年伊朗北部马赞达兰省氮磷钾肥料影响下水稻生产的生命周期。氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥不同剂量分别为N250P150K150;N200P100K100;N150P75K75;N100P50K50，控制(N0P0K0)。结果表明:累积能量需求量和累积火用需求量的平均值分别为11549.78和13443.08 MJ，随着氮磷钾用量的增加，两者均呈增加趋势;平均生态足迹为1190.80 m2 a，其中CO2排放对生态足迹的影响最大。非生物耗竭的影响类别平均为12.44 kg Sb eq，酸化(3.15 kg SO2 eq)，富营养化(2.33 kg PO4 eq)，恶臭空气(7295733 m3空气)，淡水沉积物生态毒性(75.79 kg 1,4 DB eq)，海洋沉积物生态毒性(116.11 kg 1,4 DB eq)，均随NPK用量的增加而增强。平均全球变暖潜势(GWP) 20a和500a分别为399.20和382.97 kg CO2当量。20年、100年和500年的人类毒性指标和陆地生态毒性指标在20a ~ 500a期间分别增加了0.42%和140.70%。随着氮磷钾量的增加，所有污染物排放到空气和水中均呈增强趋势。随着氮磷钾水平的增加，土壤硝态氮排放量、土壤金属排放量和化学需氧量均呈增加趋势。因此，通过增加氮素消耗来增加污染物的排放可能是由于产量的增加。
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of NPK Fertilizers in Rice Production in Northern Iran","authors":"H. Jafari, H. Ajamnorozei, M. R. Dadashi, A. Soltani, S. Dastan","doi":"10.59665/rar4033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4033","url":null,"abstract":"Life cycle assessment is an appropriate method to study the environmental impacts of producing a crop product throughout its cycle in a production system. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the life cycle of paddy rice production under the effects of NPK fertilizers in Mazandaran province in northern Iran during 2017-2018. The different doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers were N250P150K150; N200P100K100; N150P75K75; N100P50K50, and control (N0P0K0). The results displayed that an average amount of cumulative energy demand and cumulative exergy demand was 11549.78 and 13443.08 MJ, respectively, that with increase of NPK consumption, both indices showed increasing trend. The average ecological footprint was 1190.80 m 2 a which CO2 emissions had shown the highest effect on the ecological footprint. The average of the impact categories of abiotic depletion was equals 12.44 kg Sb eq, acidification (3.15 kg SO2 eq), eutrophiction (2.33 kg PO4 eq), malodorous air (7295733 m3 air), freshwater sediment ecotoxicity (75.79 kg 1,4 DB eq), marine sediment ecotoxicity (116.11 kg 1,4 DB eq) that all of which enhanced with increasing NPK consumption. The average global warming potential (GWP) 20a and GWP 500a were 399.20 and 382.97 kg CO2 eq, respectively. Two indicators of human toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity in the three periods of 20, 100 and 500 years shows increasing amounts equal 0.42% and 140.70% during 20a to 500a, respectively. All pollutants released into the air and the water demonstrated enhancing trend with increasing NPK amounts. The emission of nitrate into soil, metals into the soil, and chemical oxygen demand showed enhancing trend with increasing NPK levels. Therefore, enhancing the emission of pollutants by increasing nitrogen consumption can be due to increase of yield.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluation the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under water deficit condition on quantitative and qualitative traits of winter rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center located in North Khorasan Province (2015-2017). Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (Nitroxin consumption and control) under water deficit condition (after 80, 130, 180 mm evaporation) on quantitative and qualitative traits of winter rapeseed cultivars (Natalie, Okapi, and Neptune) were investigated. Findings indicated that Nitroxin increased soil K, P, Fe, and Cu concentrations and decreased the soil pH and EC. Indeed, the soil N reduction and P increasing trend were related to the maximum biological yield and harvest index (HI) in the second and first years, respectively. Also, an inverse relationship was observed between No. of pods plant-1 (NPP) and No. of seeds pod-1 (NSP) among cultivars. Nitroxin was more affected on NSP and seeds weight than NPP under low and mild drought stress. The highest harvest index was observed in the mild stress in three cultivars, but, the Nitroxin consumption was ineffective. Seed yield and its components except for NPP and HI were increased by the Nitroxin consumption. The HI exhibited the inverse and direct relationship between protein and oil content, respectively. High drought stress compared to low drought stress reduced NPP (54.9%), NSP (1.3%), seed yield (52.2%), biological yield (47.5%), seed oil content (5.5%), seed oil yield (54.9%), and seed protein yield (52.7%). The highest NPP (45.5), seed yield (2740 kg ha-1 ), biological yield (7572 kg ha-1 ), and oil yield (933 kg ha-1 ) were obtained from cv. Natalie. In conclusion, Nitroxin biological fertilizer ameliorates the negative effects of drought stress under mild stressful conditions but it had not any considerable effects on reducing the effects of drought stress under severe stress conditions.
为评价水分亏缺条件下植物促生根瘤菌对冬油菜籽品种数量和质量性状的影响，2015-2017年在北呼罗珊省农业与自然资源研究中心进行了试验。研究了水分亏缺条件下(蒸发80、130、180 mm)植物生长促进菌(耗氮菌和抑氮菌)对纳塔利(Natalie)、霍加皮(Okapi)和海王星(Neptune)冬油菜品种数量和质量性状的影响。结果表明，氮素增加了土壤K、P、Fe和Cu浓度，降低了土壤pH和EC。土壤氮的减少和磷的增加趋势分别与第二年和第一年最大生物产量和收获指数(HI)有关。此外，No。豆荚植物1号(NPP)和豆荚植物1号(NPP)。豆荚-1 (NSP)在不同品种间的分布。在低、轻度干旱胁迫下，氮肥对NSP和种子重的影响大于NPP。3个品种在轻度胁迫下收获指数最高，但氮素消耗效果不明显。除NPP和HI外，氮素消耗增加了种子产量及其各组成部分。蛋白质含量与含油量呈反比关系，油脂含量呈正相关。与低干旱胁迫相比，高干旱胁迫降低了NPP(54.9%)、NSP(1.3%)、种子产量(52.2%)、生物产量(47.5%)、籽油含量(5.5%)、籽油产量(54.9%)和籽蛋白产量(52.7%)。不同品种的NPP最高(45.5)，种子产量最高(2740 kg ha-1)，生物产量最高(7572 kg ha-1)，油料产量最高(933 kg ha-1)。娜塔莉。综上所述，在轻度胁迫条件下，氮素生物肥料改善了干旱胁迫的负面影响，而在重度胁迫条件下，氮素生物肥料对减轻干旱胁迫的影响没有明显作用。
{"title":"Effect of Biofertilizer and Drought Stress on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in Some Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars","authors":"M. Safari, M. R. Dadashi, A. Faraji, M. Armin","doi":"10.59665/rar4038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4038","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluation the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under water deficit condition on quantitative and qualitative traits of winter rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center located in North Khorasan Province (2015-2017). Plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (Nitroxin consumption and control) under water deficit condition (after 80, 130, 180 mm evaporation) on quantitative and qualitative traits of winter rapeseed cultivars (Natalie, Okapi, and Neptune) were investigated. Findings indicated that Nitroxin increased soil K, P, Fe, and Cu concentrations and decreased the soil pH and EC. Indeed, the soil N reduction and P increasing trend were related to the maximum biological yield and harvest index (HI) in the second and first years, respectively. Also, an inverse relationship was observed between No. of pods plant-1 (NPP) and No. of seeds pod-1 (NSP) among cultivars. Nitroxin was more affected on NSP and seeds weight than NPP under low and mild drought stress. The highest harvest index was observed in the mild stress in three cultivars, but, the Nitroxin consumption was ineffective. Seed yield and its components except for NPP and HI were increased by the Nitroxin consumption. The HI exhibited the inverse and direct relationship between protein and oil content, respectively. High drought stress compared to low drought stress reduced NPP (54.9%), NSP (1.3%), seed yield (52.2%), biological yield (47.5%), seed oil content (5.5%), seed oil yield (54.9%), and seed protein yield (52.7%). The highest NPP (45.5), seed yield (2740 kg ha-1 ), biological yield (7572 kg ha-1 ), and oil yield (933 kg ha-1 ) were obtained from cv. Natalie. In conclusion, Nitroxin biological fertilizer ameliorates the negative effects of drought stress under mild stressful conditions but it had not any considerable effects on reducing the effects of drought stress under severe stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71122551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Zală, O. Cotuna, M. Paraschivu, Rada Istrate, M. Manole
In Romanian agricultural production, autumn rape is in present an indispensable component of crop rotations because helps to maintain soil fertility and contributes to sustainable production therefore. Behavior against fungal diseases and insect pests for modern rape varieties represents an essential agronomic property. Rape pest and disease control is a priority to minimize quantitative and qualitative production losses. In plant protection, fungicides and insecticides must to be used only when is necessary and at optimal times and doses. The notations were made during the vegetation period of 2020, 2021 and 2022. Both fungicides applied (125 g/l azoxistrobin + 125 g/l difenoconazol and 125g/l fluopiram + 125 g/l protioconazol) showed high efficacy against alternaria, black leg and powdery mildew, and in the variants where both fungicides were applied, the highest efficacy was 98.8% against black leg and 98.9% anti powdery-mildew. The effectiveness of the two insecticides applied (240 g/l tiacloprid and 5% lambda-cihalotrin) varied between 87.2 and 97.3 against Ceutorhynchus napi, C. assimilis, Phyllotreta atra, Ph. nemorum and Brevicoryne brassicae.
{"title":"Research on the Effectiveness of Some Fungicides and Insecticides in Combating of Some Diseases and Pests of Rape in Cristian Commune - Brașov County","authors":"C. Zală, O. Cotuna, M. Paraschivu, Rada Istrate, M. Manole","doi":"10.59665/rar4056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4056","url":null,"abstract":"In Romanian agricultural production, autumn rape is in present an indispensable component of crop rotations because helps to maintain soil fertility and contributes to sustainable production therefore. Behavior against fungal diseases and insect pests for modern rape varieties represents an essential agronomic property. Rape pest and disease control is a priority to minimize quantitative and qualitative production losses. In plant protection, fungicides and insecticides must to be used only when is necessary and at optimal times and doses. The notations were made during the vegetation period of 2020, 2021 and 2022. Both fungicides applied (125 g/l azoxistrobin + 125 g/l difenoconazol and 125g/l fluopiram + 125 g/l protioconazol) showed high efficacy against alternaria, black leg and powdery mildew, and in the variants where both fungicides were applied, the highest efficacy was 98.8% against black leg and 98.9% anti powdery-mildew. The effectiveness of the two insecticides applied (240 g/l tiacloprid and 5% lambda-cihalotrin) varied between 87.2 and 97.3 against Ceutorhynchus napi, C. assimilis, Phyllotreta atra, Ph. nemorum and Brevicoryne brassicae.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the global economic issues and environmental pollution, there is a growing interest in research addressing the use of biomasses resulting from agricultural production. One main category of biomass components is lignin, the use of plant waste in the pulp industry being one of the ways in avoiding additional deforestation by suppling inputs for the paper industry. The implementation of a strategy for capitalizing the potential of renewable sources, as, but not limited to, paper production, provides the appropriate framework for decision on renewable alternatives and inclusion in the acquis domains in Romania. The present study analyzed the potential use of waste obtained from field crops, mainly annual, as wheat, sunflower, maize, soy, rape, rye, barley, sorghum, rice, to produce paper. Biomass/waste from field crops is a promising source for paper, primarily because it is renewable and has the potential to exploit over 7 million hectares of arable land, with annual use. The diversity of pedoclimatic conditions in Romania makes possible the cultivation of a wider range of species and, within them, a multitude of varieties and hybrids, with variable amounts of lignocellulosic agricultural waste. In addition, accidental years as 2022, the year with the worst drought in Europe in the last 500 years, reshaped the need of valorizing any available biomass, regardless of the production of the main crop. Our calculations show that for a paper containing 28% of renewable cellulose, with the wheat straws collected from Romania in 2019, 9633.31 thousand tons of paper would have been obtained, with an average per hectare of 2786.62 kg of paper. Our analysis shows the opportunity of using lignocellulosic agricultural waste for use as a raw material for paper production. A throughout analysis is needed in the context of extreme droughts experienced recently, to show which valorization of by-products is the most economically justified.
{"title":"Lignocellulosic Biomass as Agricultural Bioresource and Input to the Circular Economy","authors":"I. Beia, R. Ciceoi, M. Micu, V. Beia","doi":"10.59665/rar4062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4062","url":null,"abstract":"Given the global economic issues and environmental pollution, there is a growing interest in research addressing the use of biomasses resulting from agricultural production. One main category of biomass components is lignin, the use of plant waste in the pulp industry being one of the ways in avoiding additional deforestation by suppling inputs for the paper industry. The implementation of a strategy for capitalizing the potential of renewable sources, as, but not limited to, paper production, provides the appropriate framework for decision on renewable alternatives and inclusion in the acquis domains in Romania. The present study analyzed the potential use of waste obtained from field crops, mainly annual, as wheat, sunflower, maize, soy, rape, rye, barley, sorghum, rice, to produce paper. Biomass/waste from field crops is a promising source for paper, primarily because it is renewable and has the potential to exploit over 7 million hectares of arable land, with annual use. The diversity of pedoclimatic conditions in Romania makes possible the cultivation of a wider range of species and, within them, a multitude of varieties and hybrids, with variable amounts of lignocellulosic agricultural waste. In addition, accidental years as 2022, the year with the worst drought in Europe in the last 500 years, reshaped the need of valorizing any available biomass, regardless of the production of the main crop. Our calculations show that for a paper containing 28% of renewable cellulose, with the wheat straws collected from Romania in 2019, 9633.31 thousand tons of paper would have been obtained, with an average per hectare of 2786.62 kg of paper. Our analysis shows the opportunity of using lignocellulosic agricultural waste for use as a raw material for paper production. A throughout analysis is needed in the context of extreme droughts experienced recently, to show which valorization of by-products is the most economically justified.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ehsan Ghorbannia Delavar, A. Faramarzi, J. Ajalli, N. Nazari, Mehrdad Abdi
Drought stress is one of the most destructive environmental stresses which affect the performance of soybean photosynthetic apparatus and can reduce plant productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), Piriformospora indica and drought effects on gas exchange, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid phosphatase (ASP) activities. Treatments included inoculation and non-inoculation of P. indica, NPs (0, 0.5 and 0.75 gL-1 ) and three irrigation regimes (control, irrigation after 50% and 75% depleting of soil water content). This study showed that drought stress reduced SPAD values and increased membrane electrolyte leakage. It also had negative effect on photosynthetic functional parameters. Nevertheless, inoculation of soybean with P. indica can provide drought-tolerance by improving the net photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency, P, SPS and ASP parameters, keeping membrane stability and raising chlorophyll content. In addition, similar to P. indica, NPs treatment alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on gas exchange by altering physical biochemical responses, which caused a low internal CO2 concentration, sucrose and leaf damage. The above findings show that, P. indica and NPs can mitigate the photosynthetic limitations through promoting photosynthetic capacity under drought stress in soybean.
{"title":"Piriformospora indica Symbiosis and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviates Drought Stress in Soybean Plants Through Improved on Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Acid Phosphatase","authors":"Ehsan Ghorbannia Delavar, A. Faramarzi, J. Ajalli, N. Nazari, Mehrdad Abdi","doi":"10.59665/rar4008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4008","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is one of the most destructive environmental stresses which affect the performance of soybean photosynthetic apparatus and can reduce plant productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), Piriformospora indica and drought effects on gas exchange, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and acid phosphatase (ASP) activities. Treatments included inoculation and non-inoculation of P. indica, NPs (0, 0.5 and 0.75 gL-1 ) and three irrigation regimes (control, irrigation after 50% and 75% depleting of soil water content). This study showed that drought stress reduced SPAD values and increased membrane electrolyte leakage. It also had negative effect on photosynthetic functional parameters. Nevertheless, inoculation of soybean with P. indica can provide drought-tolerance by improving the net photosynthesis, carboxylation efficiency, P, SPS and ASP parameters, keeping membrane stability and raising chlorophyll content. In addition, similar to P. indica, NPs treatment alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on gas exchange by altering physical biochemical responses, which caused a low internal CO2 concentration, sucrose and leaf damage. The above findings show that, P. indica and NPs can mitigate the photosynthetic limitations through promoting photosynthetic capacity under drought stress in soybean.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In achieve yield sustainability, it is important to cultivate barley varieties that are resistant to the heat and drought stress conditions carried on by global climate change. Barley is one of the significant cultivars that is negatively affected by global climate change due to its low tolerance to heat stress. Late sowing was employed to ensure that plants were exposed to heat stress in order to evaluate the agronomic performance of barley genotypes under high temperature stress. The late sowing process was carried out in February 2019 and 2020 years. Heading time, physiological maturity, plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain weight, protein content, test weight, ground cover (Canopeo) and leaf area index (LAI) were investigated using three local varieties, three advanced lines, and two standard barley varieties. Precipitation of more than 450 mm throughout the vegetation period in both years, as well as sufficient water storage in the soil before to the vegetation period, allowed the growth phase to be effectively examined under heat stress. There were significant differences among genotypes in all traits except plant height and NDVI. Except for physiological maturation and protein ratio, the genotype x environment interaction had an effect on all characteristics. This demonstrated that, in the absence of water stress, mainly high temperature effects had an impact on yield. Among the advanced lines examined, the DZ21-17 genotype succeeded in terms of staying green, being early, increasing chlorophyll content, and increasing grain weight. Local varieties maintained productivity in heat stress by increasing leaf area, while grain yield potential stayed behind standard varieties and advanced lines. Local cultivars had the advantage of fast ground cover and having a high growth rate. It has been determined that barley genotypes with high plant height and grain weight will have a high yield potential under conditions of heat stress.
{"title":"Yield and Quality Changes in Barley Genotypes During High Temperature Stress Caused by Late Sowing","authors":"S. Eli̇ş, M. Yildirim","doi":"10.59665/rar4013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4013","url":null,"abstract":"In achieve yield sustainability, it is important to cultivate barley varieties that are resistant to the heat and drought stress conditions carried on by global climate change. Barley is one of the significant cultivars that is negatively affected by global climate change due to its low tolerance to heat stress. Late sowing was employed to ensure that plants were exposed to heat stress in order to evaluate the agronomic performance of barley genotypes under high temperature stress. The late sowing process was carried out in February 2019 and 2020 years. Heading time, physiological maturity, plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain weight, protein content, test weight, ground cover (Canopeo) and leaf area index (LAI) were investigated using three local varieties, three advanced lines, and two standard barley varieties. Precipitation of more than 450 mm throughout the vegetation period in both years, as well as sufficient water storage in the soil before to the vegetation period, allowed the growth phase to be effectively examined under heat stress. There were significant differences among genotypes in all traits except plant height and NDVI. Except for physiological maturation and protein ratio, the genotype x environment interaction had an effect on all characteristics. This demonstrated that, in the absence of water stress, mainly high temperature effects had an impact on yield. Among the advanced lines examined, the DZ21-17 genotype succeeded in terms of staying green, being early, increasing chlorophyll content, and increasing grain weight. Local varieties maintained productivity in heat stress by increasing leaf area, while grain yield potential stayed behind standard varieties and advanced lines. Local cultivars had the advantage of fast ground cover and having a high growth rate. It has been determined that barley genotypes with high plant height and grain weight will have a high yield potential under conditions of heat stress.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71121683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bularda, D. Cujbescu, L. Popa, N. Popa, A. Pavel
The current study carries out a technical-economic analysis of the agricultural activity that takes place in conditions of meadow lands compared to the agricultural activity that takes place in conditions of hilly lands, aspects that largely characterize the agriculture of Galaţi County. The paper highlights the technical and economic aspects that can characterize the two distinct zonal situations of agricultural production. The obtained data specify which are the most appropriate crop conditions and agricultural crops and measure these aspects in monetary units.
{"title":"Comparative Study Regarding Yield and Economic Effect of Agricultural Activities Carried Out in Meadow and Hill Conditions, in the Branistea Area, Galaţi County","authors":"M. Bularda, D. Cujbescu, L. Popa, N. Popa, A. Pavel","doi":"10.59665/rar4063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4063","url":null,"abstract":"The current study carries out a technical-economic analysis of the agricultural activity that takes place in conditions of meadow lands compared to the agricultural activity that takes place in conditions of hilly lands, aspects that largely characterize the agriculture of Galaţi County. The paper highlights the technical and economic aspects that can characterize the two distinct zonal situations of agricultural production. The obtained data specify which are the most appropriate crop conditions and agricultural crops and measure these aspects in monetary units.","PeriodicalId":49589,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71123609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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