L. Allal, H. Mahrous, A. Saad, S. Refaei, M. Attia, I. Mahrous, M. Fahim, S. Elfadaly, A. Abdelnabi
The convergence of humans, animals and our shared environment results in a dynamic in which the health of each group is inextricably linked. Taking into account the fact that the majority of emerging pathogens (e.g. highly pathogenic avian influenza [HPAI], severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Nipah virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic diseases, Egypt has established a national One Health coordination mechanism. The primary purpose of this mechanism is to provide a comprehensive, strategic approach to concurrent and future health challenges that are facing public and animal heath, including environmental impacts. In this way, the public health, animal health and environment sectors can improve disease mitigation measures, develop stronger and more stable public and animal health services, promote effective national communication strategies and improve One Health collaboration among all relevant sectors. In Egypt, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) currently assist in hosting the country's Four-Way Linking Task Force with the participation of the convening Ministries (Ministry of Health and Population, Ministry of Environment, and Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation [MOALR] - through the General Organisation for Veterinary Services and the MOALR's laboratories). In the context of the Emerging Pandemic Threats 2 Program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), FAO plans to assist Egypt in establishing a robust, multidisciplinary and multisectoral One Health system. This system is based on the solid foundation of the Four-Way Linking Platform, which combines information from four functional streams - epidemiology, laboratories, and animal and human health. Egypt's platform will involve all sectors concerned with HPAI control and combine all stakeholders in an integrated, holistic approach to improve the detection of, response to and control of any threats at the human- animal-environment interface in Egypt.
{"title":"From Four-Way Linking to a One Health Platform in Egypt: institutionalisation of a multidisciplinary and multisectoral One Health system.","authors":"L. Allal, H. Mahrous, A. Saad, S. Refaei, M. Attia, I. Mahrous, M. Fahim, S. Elfadaly, A. Abdelnabi","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2958","url":null,"abstract":"The convergence of humans, animals and our shared environment results in a dynamic in which the health of each group is inextricably linked. Taking into account the fact that the majority of emerging pathogens (e.g. highly pathogenic avian influenza [HPAI], severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Nipah virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic diseases, Egypt has established a national One Health coordination mechanism. The primary purpose of this mechanism is to provide a comprehensive, strategic approach to concurrent and future health challenges that are facing public and animal heath, including environmental impacts. In this way, the public health, animal health and environment sectors can improve disease mitigation measures, develop stronger and more stable public and animal health services, promote effective national communication strategies and improve One Health collaboration among all relevant sectors. In Egypt, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) currently assist in hosting the country's Four-Way Linking Task Force with the participation of the convening Ministries (Ministry of Health and Population, Ministry of Environment, and Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation [MOALR] - through the General Organisation for Veterinary Services and the MOALR's laboratories). In the context of the Emerging Pandemic Threats 2 Program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), FAO plans to assist Egypt in establishing a robust, multidisciplinary and multisectoral One Health system. This system is based on the solid foundation of the Four-Way Linking Platform, which combines information from four functional streams - epidemiology, laboratories, and animal and human health. Egypt's platform will involve all sectors concerned with HPAI control and combine all stakeholders in an integrated, holistic approach to improve the detection of, response to and control of any threats at the human- animal-environment interface in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"1 1","pages":"261-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77447212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of infectious, devastating and severe diseases caused by enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. The endemicity, emergence or re-emergence of different VHF viruses and lack of vaccines and antiviral therapy for most VHFs result in a significant global threat. Most VHF viruses are restricted to specific parts of the world, and the dramatic expansion of their geographical distribution beyond their original habitats would greatly affect global public health. In the past few decades alone, several outbreaks have affected the Middle East, a part of the world containing arid to semi-arid, hot and water-scarce countries. Political instability, natural and humanitarian crises, direct contact with domesticated animals and climate change are the main factors in the dissemination of different zoonotic diseases, including vector-borne diseases. Some VHF viruses have been introduced into the Middle East (e.g. Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever) and others have been re-introduced and have become endemic in the region. Dengue fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and hantavirus haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are examples of re-emerging or endemic viruses in the region. The temporal and spatial extension of VHF distribution mandates a particular engagement from all the actors in the fields of animal, human and environmental health. The One Health concept is a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach for promoting collaboration, coordination and communication among different nations, sectors and disciplines, which is highly relevant to the fight against endemic, emerging and re-emerging infectious agents at the human-animal-environment interface. The adoption of the One Health approach is a promising solution to addressing public health threats in the Middle East.
{"title":"Viral haemorrhagic fevers in the Middle East.","authors":"F. Zakham, A. Alaloui, L. Levanov, O. Vapalahti","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2952","url":null,"abstract":"Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of infectious, devastating and severe diseases caused by enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. The endemicity, emergence or re-emergence of different VHF viruses and lack of vaccines and antiviral therapy for most VHFs result in a significant global threat. Most VHF viruses are restricted to specific parts of the world, and the dramatic expansion of their geographical distribution beyond their original habitats would greatly affect global public health. In the past few decades alone, several outbreaks have affected the Middle East, a part of the world containing arid to semi-arid, hot and water-scarce countries. Political instability, natural and humanitarian crises, direct contact with domesticated animals and climate change are the main factors in the dissemination of different zoonotic diseases, including vector-borne diseases. Some VHF viruses have been introduced into the Middle East (e.g. Alkhurma haemorrhagic fever) and others have been re-introduced and have become endemic in the region. Dengue fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley fever and hantavirus haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome are examples of re-emerging or endemic viruses in the region. The temporal and spatial extension of VHF distribution mandates a particular engagement from all the actors in the fields of animal, human and environmental health. The One Health concept is a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach for promoting collaboration, coordination and communication among different nations, sectors and disciplines, which is highly relevant to the fight against endemic, emerging and re-emerging infectious agents at the human-animal-environment interface. The adoption of the One Health approach is a promising solution to addressing public health threats in the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"4 1","pages":"185-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78362877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supplying safe livestock products made from healthy animals is the primary purpose of the agriculture industry, making it essential to include agriculture in the One Health approach to disaster preparedness and response. After the Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011, and the following crisis at the Fukushima Nuclear Complex, producing and supplying safe livestock products became a challenging issue, because the area was highly polluted with radiation leaks from the nuclear plants. To produce livestock products that satisfied the safety standards for radioactive materials in food for humans, it was necessary to create feeding management guidelines and set standard limits for radioactive materials in animal feeds. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) established provisional maximum limits on radioactive caesium in feeds in order to secure safe food for the nation. Furthermore, there were other issues that Japan's livestock industry had to tackle. The authors outline key measures taken by the Livestock Industry Department of the MAFF to reconstruct the livestock industry, which was a small but important part of the whole reconstruction plan. They also discuss the measures implemented to protect companion animals.
{"title":"The Great East Japan Earthquake (2011): using the One Health approach to minimise the impact on the livestock industry and human health.","authors":"M. Furusawa, S. Inukai","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2945","url":null,"abstract":"Supplying safe livestock products made from healthy animals is the primary purpose of the agriculture industry, making it essential to include agriculture in the One Health approach to disaster preparedness and response. After the Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011, and the following crisis at the Fukushima Nuclear Complex, producing and supplying safe livestock products became a challenging issue, because the area was highly polluted with radiation leaks from the nuclear plants. To produce livestock products that satisfied the safety standards for radioactive materials in food for humans, it was necessary to create feeding management guidelines and set standard limits for radioactive materials in animal feeds. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) established provisional maximum limits on radioactive caesium in feeds in order to secure safe food for the nation. Furthermore, there were other issues that Japan's livestock industry had to tackle. The authors outline key measures taken by the Livestock Industry Department of the MAFF to reconstruct the livestock industry, which was a small but important part of the whole reconstruction plan. They also discuss the measures implemented to protect companion animals.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"212 1","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79459518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change, habitat fragmentation and pollution, and subsequent loss of biodiversity and degradation of natural environments, threaten the range of ecosystem services that support all life on this planet. These changes, among others, are also driving the emergence of infectious diseases, with negative health outcomes for humans, animals, and our shared environment. Historically, interventions aimed at human and agricultural health issues did not always integrate wildlife or environmental health as part of the solution, which has resulted in unintended consequences. One Health recognises the interdependence of humans, animals and their shared environment, and provides a conceptual framework for developing interventions that optimise outcomes for human, animal and environmental health. However, there is a need to clearly articulate the core values, goals, and objectives of One Health for all relevant sectors in order to maximise synergies for communication, coordination, collaboration and, ultimately, for joint actions on disease control and prevention. The application of systems and harm reduction approaches, focusing on the socio-economic and environmental determinants of health, and ensuring good governance and effective leadership will also maximise the opportunities to develop 'win-win-win' solutions to global health and environmental challenges. These solutions would help propel One Health forward to reach its full potential and truly optimise health outcomes for all.
{"title":"Integration of wildlife and environmental health into a One Health approach.","authors":"J. Sleeman, K. Richgels, C. White, C. Stephen","doi":"10.20506/RST.38.1.2944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/RST.38.1.2944","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, habitat fragmentation and pollution, and subsequent loss of biodiversity and degradation of natural environments, threaten the range of ecosystem services that support all life on this planet. These changes, among others, are also driving the emergence of infectious diseases, with negative health outcomes for humans, animals, and our shared environment. Historically, interventions aimed at human and agricultural health issues did not always integrate wildlife or environmental health as part of the solution, which has resulted in unintended consequences. One Health recognises the interdependence of humans, animals and their shared environment, and provides a conceptual framework for developing interventions that optimise outcomes for human, animal and environmental health. However, there is a need to clearly articulate the core values, goals, and objectives of One Health for all relevant sectors in order to maximise synergies for communication, coordination, collaboration and, ultimately, for joint actions on disease control and prevention. The application of systems and harm reduction approaches, focusing on the socio-economic and environmental determinants of health, and ensuring good governance and effective leadership will also maximise the opportunities to develop 'win-win-win' solutions to global health and environmental challenges. These solutions would help propel One Health forward to reach its full potential and truly optimise health outcomes for all.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"27 1","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82319912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: En el curso del ultimo decenio, los planteamientos de Una sola salud han ido ganando impulso en todas las regiones del planeta. Los sectores de la salud humana, animal y ambiental de paises del mundo entero piden cada vez mas apoyo para poner en practica la logica multisectorial de Una sola salud como expediente idoneo para afrontar las amenazas sanitarias que surgen en los ambitos de confluencia (la interfaz) de personas, animales y medio ambiente, amenazas como enfermedades zoonoticas, enfermedades infecciosas emergentes, resistencias a los antimicrobianos, factores de insalubridad de los alimentos o enfermedades de la fauna silvestre, sin olvidar otros problemas que tambien inciden en la salud, como la pobreza. En este numero de la Revista cientifica y tecnica de la Organizacion Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) se destacan diversos logros obtenidos a escala infranacional, nacional, regional o mundial en relacion con uno u otro tema ligado a la nocion de Una sola salud, desde la resistencia a los antimicrobianos hasta las zoonosis. A los autores que firman los articulos de este numero se les pidio que dieran cuenta de ejemplos en que se hubieran aplicado con exito los principios de Una sola salud y examinaran aquellos problemas aun por resolver que pudieran ser de ayuda para aprehender mas eficazmente la mejor manera de poner en practica los postulados de Una sola salud. El conjunto de articulos aqui reunidos no aspira a constituir una referencia exhaustiva de todos los problemas sanitarios conocidos que podrian beneficiarse de los principios de Una sola salud, sino mas bien una suma de ideas que alimenten la reflexion y ayuden a entender mejor la manera de promover con exito esta metodologia. Tambien se destacan aqui las dificultades que subsisten en relacion con Una sola salud: los numerosos autores que firman esta publicacion dan cuenta de ejemplos fructiferos y tambien de eventuales deficiencias para ayudar a otros a aplicar eficazmente los principios de Una sola salud, al tiempo que defienden el interes de trabajar desde este planteamiento para mejorar el estado de salud de personas y animales que habitan un medio comun. Observara el lector que hay una serie de temas cardinales que surgen una y otra vez, en especial la utilidad de inscribir las labores de coordinacion, colaboracion y comunicacion en la logica de Una sola salud y los pasos necesarios para que esta metodologia arraigue duraderamente, entre ellos el hecho de oficializar mecanismos de coordinacion multisectorial en clave de Una sola salud y de emplear las herramientas de Una sola salud elaboradas por asociados de dimension nacional o mundial para enriquecer este concepto o respaldar su aplicacion practica. La logica de Una sola salud federa a cuantos sectores y disciplinas intervienen en la interfaz de personas, animales y medio ambiente en un proceso de colaboracion que resulta mas eficaz, eficiente y sostenible de lo que podria conseguirse en ausencia del objetivo comun de
{"title":"Introduction. One Health: over a decade of progress on the road to sustainability.","authors":"C. B. Behravesh","doi":"10.20506/RST.38.1.2939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/RST.38.1.2939","url":null,"abstract":": En el curso del ultimo decenio, los planteamientos de Una sola salud han ido ganando impulso en todas las regiones del planeta. Los sectores de la salud humana, animal y ambiental de paises del mundo entero piden cada vez mas apoyo para poner en practica la logica multisectorial de Una sola salud como expediente idoneo para afrontar las amenazas sanitarias que surgen en los ambitos de confluencia (la interfaz) de personas, animales y medio ambiente, amenazas como enfermedades zoonoticas, enfermedades infecciosas emergentes, resistencias a los antimicrobianos, factores de insalubridad de los alimentos o enfermedades de la fauna silvestre, sin olvidar otros problemas que tambien inciden en la salud, como la pobreza. En este numero de la Revista cientifica y tecnica de la Organizacion Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) se destacan diversos logros obtenidos a escala infranacional, nacional, regional o mundial en relacion con uno u otro tema ligado a la nocion de Una sola salud, desde la resistencia a los antimicrobianos hasta las zoonosis. A los autores que firman los articulos de este numero se les pidio que dieran cuenta de ejemplos en que se hubieran aplicado con exito los principios de Una sola salud y examinaran aquellos problemas aun por resolver que pudieran ser de ayuda para aprehender mas eficazmente la mejor manera de poner en practica los postulados de Una sola salud. El conjunto de articulos aqui reunidos no aspira a constituir una referencia exhaustiva de todos los problemas sanitarios conocidos que podrian beneficiarse de los principios de Una sola salud, sino mas bien una suma de ideas que alimenten la reflexion y ayuden a entender mejor la manera de promover con exito esta metodologia. Tambien se destacan aqui las dificultades que subsisten en relacion con Una sola salud: los numerosos autores que firman esta publicacion dan cuenta de ejemplos fructiferos y tambien de eventuales deficiencias para ayudar a otros a aplicar eficazmente los principios de Una sola salud, al tiempo que defienden el interes de trabajar desde este planteamiento para mejorar el estado de salud de personas y animales que habitan un medio comun. Observara el lector que hay una serie de temas cardinales que surgen una y otra vez, en especial la utilidad de inscribir las labores de coordinacion, colaboracion y comunicacion en la logica de Una sola salud y los pasos necesarios para que esta metodologia arraigue duraderamente, entre ellos el hecho de oficializar mecanismos de coordinacion multisectorial en clave de Una sola salud y de emplear las herramientas de Una sola salud elaboradas por asociados de dimension nacional o mundial para enriquecer este concepto o respaldar su aplicacion practica. La logica de Una sola salud federa a cuantos sectores y disciplinas intervienen en la interfaz de personas, animales y medio ambiente en un proceso de colaboracion que resulta mas eficaz, eficiente y sostenible de lo que podria conseguirse en ausencia del objetivo comun de ","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"11 1","pages":"21-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75189738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Akkina, V. J. Del Rio Vilas, K. DeVore, F. Dórea, C. Dupuy, M. Maxwell, V. Singh, F. Vial, F. Contadini, L. Streichert
One Health Surveillance (OHS) implements the One Health approach to improving health by collecting data and producing information to support integrated action across the animal health, human health and environment sectors. The purpose of this study was to survey the biosurveillance community to assess its OHS practices and capabilities, its attitudes towards OHS (perceived value), and the factors that motivate its members to implement OHS practices. The authors used a convenience sample of 185 professionals from multiple domains and 44 nations. They examined the extent to which these professionals implemented OHS, gathered their opinions on the value of OHS, assessed their perceptions of the capacity to perform specific OHS tasks and identified their priorities for change. Over 85% of all respondents said that they considered OHS to be beneficial, with no significant differences between work domains or country income groups; over 50% indicated that they already applied OHS. Obtaining access to data collected by other domains was both the most frequent challenge and the most difficult to improve. The highest priority for improvement was having the ability to send and receive electronic data. Respondents from low-income or middle-income countries were more motivated to make improvements than stakeholders from high-income countries. These findings provide a snapshot of current opinions and practices and, together with suggestions for improvements from professionals in the field, can help to target priority needs for OHS information, training and resources.
{"title":"One Health Surveillance: perceived benefits and workforce motivations.","authors":"J. Akkina, V. J. Del Rio Vilas, K. DeVore, F. Dórea, C. Dupuy, M. Maxwell, V. Singh, F. Vial, F. Contadini, L. Streichert","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2957","url":null,"abstract":"One Health Surveillance (OHS) implements the One Health approach to improving health by collecting data and producing information to support integrated action across the animal health, human health and environment sectors. The purpose of this study was to survey the biosurveillance community to assess its OHS practices and capabilities, its attitudes towards OHS (perceived value), and the factors that motivate its members to implement OHS practices. The authors used a convenience sample of 185 professionals from multiple domains and 44 nations. They examined the extent to which these professionals implemented OHS, gathered their opinions on the value of OHS, assessed their perceptions of the capacity to perform specific OHS tasks and identified their priorities for change. Over 85% of all respondents said that they considered OHS to be beneficial, with no significant differences between work domains or country income groups; over 50% indicated that they already applied OHS. Obtaining access to data collected by other domains was both the most frequent challenge and the most difficult to improve. The highest priority for improvement was having the ability to send and receive electronic data. Respondents from low-income or middle-income countries were more motivated to make improvements than stakeholders from high-income countries. These findings provide a snapshot of current opinions and practices and, together with suggestions for improvements from professionals in the field, can help to target priority needs for OHS information, training and resources.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"12 1","pages":"251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86759590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic viral disease identified in both animals and human beings. More than 2,200 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported in humans from 27 countries, with a crude case fatality rate of 35% since the disease's emergence in the Middle East in 2012. In the coming years, MERS will continue to pose a severe threat to economic development as well as to the elimination of poverty and advances in food security. An important gap in the effort to keep MERS at bay is the lack of surveillance of animals in the Middle East. The authors identify the need for international collaboration to conduct MERS coronavirus (CoV) surveillance in animals in the Middle East, since the emergence of new MERS-CoV variants with the ability to sustain efficient person-to-person transmission is a genuine threat. However, effective surveillance will be very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. There are multiple obstacles in the region to overcome, including a lack of transparency as governments in the Middle East generally do not disclose detailed information on animal diseases. In addition, there is minimal collaboration between local and international agencies in both the human and animal health sectors and a limited number of readily available qualified laboratories to screen animals for MERS- CoV. Last, but not least, there is a lack of adequate active communication between all relevant laboratories, local and abroad. However, with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and other partners, the responsibility of the Mediterranean Zoonosis Control Centre in Athens, Greece, could be widened to include the countries of the Middle East. This would foster a stronger alliance and far more effective collaboration in the spirit of One Health.
{"title":"Middle East respiratory syndrome: making the case for surveillance of transboundary coronaviruses in the Middle East.","authors":"U. Wernery, Patrick C Y Woo","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2941","url":null,"abstract":"Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic viral disease identified in both animals and human beings. More than 2,200 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported in humans from 27 countries, with a crude case fatality rate of 35% since the disease's emergence in the Middle East in 2012. In the coming years, MERS will continue to pose a severe threat to economic development as well as to the elimination of poverty and advances in food security. An important gap in the effort to keep MERS at bay is the lack of surveillance of animals in the Middle East. The authors identify the need for international collaboration to conduct MERS coronavirus (CoV) surveillance in animals in the Middle East, since the emergence of new MERS-CoV variants with the ability to sustain efficient person-to-person transmission is a genuine threat. However, effective surveillance will be very difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. There are multiple obstacles in the region to overcome, including a lack of transparency as governments in the Middle East generally do not disclose detailed information on animal diseases. In addition, there is minimal collaboration between local and international agencies in both the human and animal health sectors and a limited number of readily available qualified laboratories to screen animals for MERS- CoV. Last, but not least, there is a lack of adequate active communication between all relevant laboratories, local and abroad. However, with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and other partners, the responsibility of the Mediterranean Zoonosis Control Centre in Athens, Greece, could be widened to include the countries of the Middle East. This would foster a stronger alliance and far more effective collaboration in the spirit of One Health.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"114 1","pages":"61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73468150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. de la Rocque, F. Caya, A. El Idrissi, L. Mumford, G. Belot, M. Carron, R. Sreedharan, L. Suryantoro, R. Stelter, F. Copper, N. Isla, L. N. Mayigane, A. Bell, Q. Huda, J. Stratton, A. Di Giacinto, S. Corning, J. Pinto, H. J. Ormel, S. Chungong
Under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), a legally binding document adopted by 196 States Parties, countries are required to develop their capacity to rapidly detect, assess, notify and respond to unusual health events of potential international concern. To support countries in monitoring and enhancing their capacities and complying with the IHR (2005), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (IHR MEF). This framework comprises four complementary components: the State Party Annual Report, the Joint External Evaluation, after-action reviews and simulation exercises. The first two are used to review capacities and the second two to help to explore their functionality. The contribution of different disciplines, sectors, and areas of work, joining forces through a One Health approach, is essential for the implementation of the IHR (2005). Therefore, WHO, in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and other international and national partners, has actively worked on facilitating the inclusion of the relevant sectors, in particular the animal health sector, in each of the four components of the IHR MEF. Other tools complement the IHR MEF, such as the WHO/OIE IHR-PVS [Performance of Veterinary Services] National Bridging Workshops, which facilitate the optimal use of the results of the IHR MEF and the OIE Performance of Veterinary Services Pathway and create an opportunity for stakeholders from animal health and human health services to work on the coordination of their efforts. The results of these various tools are used in countries' planning processes and are incorporated in their National Action Plan for Health Security to accelerate the implementation of IHR core capacities. The present article describes how One Health is incorporated in all components of the IHR MEF.
{"title":"One Health operations: a critical component in the International Health Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.","authors":"S. de la Rocque, F. Caya, A. El Idrissi, L. Mumford, G. Belot, M. Carron, R. Sreedharan, L. Suryantoro, R. Stelter, F. Copper, N. Isla, L. N. Mayigane, A. Bell, Q. Huda, J. Stratton, A. Di Giacinto, S. Corning, J. Pinto, H. J. Ormel, S. Chungong","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2962","url":null,"abstract":"Under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), a legally binding document adopted by 196 States Parties, countries are required to develop their capacity to rapidly detect, assess, notify and respond to unusual health events of potential international concern. To support countries in monitoring and enhancing their capacities and complying with the IHR (2005), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the IHR Monitoring and Evaluation Framework (IHR MEF). This framework comprises four complementary components: the State Party Annual Report, the Joint External Evaluation, after-action reviews and simulation exercises. The first two are used to review capacities and the second two to help to explore their functionality. The contribution of different disciplines, sectors, and areas of work, joining forces through a One Health approach, is essential for the implementation of the IHR (2005). Therefore, WHO, in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and other international and national partners, has actively worked on facilitating the inclusion of the relevant sectors, in particular the animal health sector, in each of the four components of the IHR MEF. Other tools complement the IHR MEF, such as the WHO/OIE IHR-PVS [Performance of Veterinary Services] National Bridging Workshops, which facilitate the optimal use of the results of the IHR MEF and the OIE Performance of Veterinary Services Pathway and create an opportunity for stakeholders from animal health and human health services to work on the coordination of their efforts. The results of these various tools are used in countries' planning processes and are incorporated in their National Action Plan for Health Security to accelerate the implementation of IHR core capacities. The present article describes how One Health is incorporated in all components of the IHR MEF.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"20 1","pages":"303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74260584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface. Successes and remaining challenges within the One Health approach.","authors":"M. Eloit","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2938","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"12 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89859231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. T. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, T. T. Nguyen, M. Urabe, T. N. Pham, A. D. Dang, D. O. Afriyie, D. N. Tran, S. Otsu
Rabies is a fatal viral disease that causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths each year. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries in Asia. Canine rabies is endemic to Vietnam, which is, however, moving towards the disease's elimination. Many countries, such as Vietnam, have invested tremendous resources in controlling rabies, highlighting the goal of regional and global elimination of this neglected disease. In Vietnam, rabies is recognised as one of five high-priority, zoonotic diseases by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Investment by the government and by international partners for rabies prevention and control has played a substantial role in reducing human rabies deaths from 404 cases in 1992 to 74 cases in 2017. The catalyst for this effort was the Prime Minister's creation of the National Rabies Program in 1996, which led to increased support and resources for rabies prevention and control. Interventions carried out since then include the expansion of post-exposure prophylaxis centres throughout the country, the introduction or revision of key legislation and guidelines, and improved multisectoral One Health collaboration. In addition, support from international partners, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has helped to increase awareness, manage dog populations more effectively, and improve Vietnam's surveillance and diagnostic capabilities. To pursue the goal of eliminating dog-mediated rabies in Vietnam, political commitment is crucial. Resources must be made available to enforce the regulations and guidelines that will enable Vietnam to achieve greater canine rabies vaccination coverage. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the animal and human health systems in Vietnam, as well as past, current and future directions of rabies prevention and control.
{"title":"Progress towards rabies control and elimination in Vietnam.","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, T. T. Nguyen, M. Urabe, T. N. Pham, A. D. Dang, D. O. Afriyie, D. N. Tran, S. Otsu","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2953","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a fatal viral disease that causes an estimated 59,000 human deaths each year. The majority of these deaths occur in developing countries in Asia. Canine rabies is endemic to Vietnam, which is, however, moving towards the disease's elimination. Many countries, such as Vietnam, have invested tremendous resources in controlling rabies, highlighting the goal of regional and global elimination of this neglected disease. In Vietnam, rabies is recognised as one of five high-priority, zoonotic diseases by the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Investment by the government and by international partners for rabies prevention and control has played a substantial role in reducing human rabies deaths from 404 cases in 1992 to 74 cases in 2017. The catalyst for this effort was the Prime Minister's creation of the National Rabies Program in 1996, which led to increased support and resources for rabies prevention and control. Interventions carried out since then include the expansion of post-exposure prophylaxis centres throughout the country, the introduction or revision of key legislation and guidelines, and improved multisectoral One Health collaboration. In addition, support from international partners, such as the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has helped to increase awareness, manage dog populations more effectively, and improve Vietnam's surveillance and diagnostic capabilities. To pursue the goal of eliminating dog-mediated rabies in Vietnam, political commitment is crucial. Resources must be made available to enforce the regulations and guidelines that will enable Vietnam to achieve greater canine rabies vaccination coverage. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the animal and human health systems in Vietnam, as well as past, current and future directions of rabies prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"47 1","pages":"199-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82100223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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