Numerous arthropod species negatively affect animal and human health through physical attacks, by generating allergic reactions and as potential vectors of pathogens. Their control is essential to prevent vector-borne diseases and reduce their negative direct effect. Climate change militates for appropriate preparedness towards invasive species, their establishment and their involvement in new potential vector-pathogen-host cycles. This paper reviews the main blood-feeding arthropods of veterinary/zoonotic interest and their role in the transmission of infections in North-western Europe. It is the first part of an approach aimed at proposing a coherent and affordable vector control programme for facilities housing healthy and sick animals in a veterinary faculty, from a global health point of view. It is the first review focusing on this topic in such a specific and at-risk environment. Indeed, considering its multi-disciplinary and multi-species context and the importance of animal welfare, a veterinary faculty should attach great importance to vector control.
{"title":"Integrated management of blood-feeding arthropods in veterinary teaching facilities - Part 1: overview of haematophagous arthropods of interest in North-western Europe.","authors":"M. Humblet, B. Losson, C. Saegerman","doi":"10.20506/rst.39.3.3175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.39.3.3175","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous arthropod species negatively affect animal and human health through physical attacks, by generating allergic reactions and as potential vectors of pathogens. Their control is essential to prevent vector-borne diseases and reduce their negative direct effect. Climate change militates for appropriate preparedness towards invasive species, their establishment and their involvement in new potential vector-pathogen-host cycles. This paper reviews the main blood-feeding arthropods of veterinary/zoonotic interest and their role in the transmission of infections in North-western Europe. It is the first part of an approach aimed at proposing a coherent and affordable vector control programme for facilities housing healthy and sick animals in a veterinary faculty, from a global health point of view. It is the first review focusing on this topic in such a specific and at-risk environment. Indeed, considering its multi-disciplinary and multi-species context and the importance of animal welfare, a veterinary faculty should attach great importance to vector control.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"25 1","pages":"737-756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81648239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is used to detect diseases and other conditions or to monitor therapeutic procedures. In veterinary medicine, POCT not only helps during the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases but it also has a direct impact on human health by safeguarding food supplies and preventing zoonoses. Despite its importance, the regulation of the quality, safety and effectiveness of POCT products is rarely discussed. This review reveals that the level of regulatory surveillance of veterinary POCT products in the European Union (EU), the United States of America and Japan is strikingly different, ranging from no regulation (EU) to comprehensive regulation, which is comparable to the procedures for the regulation of human in vitro medical devices (Japan). Details about the licensing procedures in these three locations, discussion of their strengths and weaknesses, and suggestions for possible future development of the regulation of these products are also provided.
{"title":"Regulation of veterinary point-of-care testing in the European Union, the United States of America and Japan.","authors":"H. Potockova, J. Dohnal, B. Thome-Kromer","doi":"10.20506/rst.39.3.3171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.39.3.3171","url":null,"abstract":"Point-of-care testing (POCT) is used to detect diseases and other conditions or to monitor therapeutic procedures. In veterinary medicine, POCT not only helps during the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases but it also has a direct impact on human health by safeguarding food supplies and preventing zoonoses. Despite its importance, the regulation of the quality, safety and effectiveness of POCT products is rarely discussed. This review reveals that the level of regulatory surveillance of veterinary POCT products in the European Union (EU), the United States of America and Japan is strikingly different, ranging from no regulation (EU) to comprehensive regulation, which is comparable to the procedures for the regulation of human in vitro medical devices (Japan). Details about the licensing procedures in these three locations, discussion of their strengths and weaknesses, and suggestions for possible future development of the regulation of these products are also provided.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"245 1","pages":"699-709"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gonzálvez, C. Martínez-Carrasco, F. Alonso, L. León, R. Ruiz de Ybáñez
The nasopharyngeal bot flies Pharyngomyia picta and Cephenemyia auribarbis (Diptera: Oestridae) are parasites that have an impact on the health of wild ruminants. Little is known about their biological and epidemiological characteristics in multi-host habitats such as the Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (CNP), in south-east Spain. This paper describes the main epidemiological features of bot fly larvae parasitising the population of red deer in CNP during 2003-2005. The results reveal an overall bot fly prevalence of 37.5%, with a P. picta and C. auribarbis co-infection rate of 12.5%. Although the statistical analyses were not significant(p > 0.05), a higher prevalence in males and in calves was observed, which has to be explained from a multifactorial viewpoint. Unfavourable climatic conditions during January induced the overwintering of larvae inside the host and, accordingly, a higher prevalence of the first instar (L1) was detected, while a higher prevalence of L2 and L3 was recorded in February and March. Further studies are needed to investigate in more detail the environmental characteristics that influence the chronobiology of bot flies in south-east Spain.
鼻咽蝇是一种影响野生反刍动物健康的寄生虫。在西班牙东南部的Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas自然公园(CNP)等多宿主栖息地，对它们的生物学和流行病学特征知之甚少。本文描述了2003-2005年内蒙古自治区马鹿种群中蝇蛆的主要流行病学特征。结果显示，蝇类总感染率为37.5%，其中象形依蚊和耳廓依蚊共感染率为12.5%。虽然统计分析不显著(p > 0.05)，但观察到雄性和小牛的患病率较高，这必须从多因素的角度来解释。1月份气候条件不利，导致幼虫在寄主内越冬，因此1龄虫(L1)的发病率较高，2月和3月的L2和L3虫的发病率较高。需要进一步的研究来更详细地调查影响西班牙东南部蝇类时间生物学的环境特征。
{"title":"Nasopharyngeal bot flies in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from southern Spain.","authors":"M. Gonzálvez, C. Martínez-Carrasco, F. Alonso, L. León, R. Ruiz de Ybáñez","doi":"10.20506/rst.39.3.3197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.39.3.3197","url":null,"abstract":"The nasopharyngeal bot flies Pharyngomyia picta and Cephenemyia auribarbis (Diptera: Oestridae) are parasites that have an impact on the health of wild ruminants. Little is known about their biological and epidemiological characteristics in multi-host habitats such as the Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park (CNP), in south-east Spain. This paper describes the main epidemiological features of bot fly larvae parasitising the population of red deer in CNP during 2003-2005. The results reveal an overall bot fly prevalence of 37.5%, with a P. picta and C. auribarbis co-infection rate of 12.5%. Although the statistical analyses were not significant(p > 0.05), a higher prevalence in males and in calves was observed, which has to be explained from a multifactorial viewpoint. Unfavourable climatic conditions during January induced the overwintering of larvae inside the host and, accordingly, a higher prevalence of the first instar (L1) was detected, while a higher prevalence of L2 and L3 was recorded in February and March. Further studies are needed to investigate in more detail the environmental characteristics that influence the chronobiology of bot flies in south-east Spain.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"35 1","pages":"1069-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77828129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Yustyniuk, V. Nedosekov, O. Kepple, V. Melnyk, V. Polischuk, M. De Nardi, M. Corrêa
The main purpose of veterinary education institutions is to prepare qualified, well-trained and knowledgeable professionals ready to serve local and global communities. Veterinary programmes vary within and among countries, creating a disparity in competencies. In less-developed economies, adhering to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) ‘Day 1 competencies' and following its ‘Guidelines for a Model Core Veterinary Curriculum' may decrease this discrepancy. The authors offer a comparison of Ukraine's veterinary epidemiology curriculum with the OIE suggested ‘Core Veterinary Curriculum', particularly for infectious disease pathology in which epidemiology is taught, and propose different paths to structure advanced educational programmes in epidemiology. This course is relevant for the development of international animal trade and expansion of markets for animal products in Ukraine.
{"title":"Potential paths for the introduction of risk analysis to improve the veterinary epidemiology curriculum in Ukraine.","authors":"V. Yustyniuk, V. Nedosekov, O. Kepple, V. Melnyk, V. Polischuk, M. De Nardi, M. Corrêa","doi":"10.20506/rst.39.3.3178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.39.3.3178","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of veterinary education institutions is to prepare qualified, well-trained and knowledgeable professionals ready to serve local and global communities. Veterinary programmes vary within and among countries, creating a disparity in competencies. In less-developed economies, adhering to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) ‘Day 1 competencies' and following its ‘Guidelines for a Model Core Veterinary Curriculum' may decrease this discrepancy. The authors offer a comparison of Ukraine's veterinary epidemiology curriculum with the OIE suggested ‘Core Veterinary Curriculum', particularly for infectious disease pathology in which epidemiology is taught, and propose different paths to structure advanced educational programmes in epidemiology. This course is relevant for the development of international animal trade and expansion of markets for animal products in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"21 1","pages":"795-803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73640181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bright-Ponte, B. Walters, H. Tate, L. Durso, J. Whichard, K. Bjork, C. Shivley, A. L. Beaudoin, K. Cook, E. Thacker, R. Singh, J. Gilbert
Antimicrobial drugs are a precious resource, responsible for saving millions of lives since their discovery. Unfortunately, some antimicrobials are rapidly losing their effectiveness due to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a multi-faceted and complex problem affecting humans, animals, plants and the environment. While AMR is a global problem, in this paper, the authors briefly highlight some ongoing efforts in the United States of America aimed at integrating a One Health approach into policies and programmes that address this important health threat.
{"title":"One Health and antimicrobial resistance, a United States perspective.","authors":"S. Bright-Ponte, B. Walters, H. Tate, L. Durso, J. Whichard, K. Bjork, C. Shivley, A. L. Beaudoin, K. Cook, E. Thacker, R. Singh, J. Gilbert","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2951","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial drugs are a precious resource, responsible for saving millions of lives since their discovery. Unfortunately, some antimicrobials are rapidly losing their effectiveness due to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a multi-faceted and complex problem affecting humans, animals, plants and the environment. While AMR is a global problem, in this paper, the authors briefly highlight some ongoing efforts in the United States of America aimed at integrating a One Health approach into policies and programmes that address this important health threat.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"26 1","pages":"173-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90628089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The natural ecology of Ebola virus infection remains enigmatic. No clear reservoir species has been confirmed but there is evidence of infection in a wide spectrum of mammals, including humans, non-human primates, domestic and wild ungulates and a variety of bat species, both frugivorous and insectivorous. Humans and most other species examined appear to be spillover hosts and suffer disease. Bats are the exception and are tolerant to infection in some laboratory studies. Some surveys show a low prevalence of antibodies against Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) strains in bats during human outbreaks and inter-epidemic periods, and this order of mammals is considered to be the likely reservoir for the virus. Other putative sources include insects but this hypothesis is unproven in the field or laboratory. Moreover, some potential sources, such as aquatic species, have yet to be investigated. There are a number of environmental, human behavioural and ecological risk factors proposed with respect to spillover and spread. In the West African outbreak, which was unprecedented in scale and geographic spread, the source of the spillover remains unproven, although an association exists between the proposed index case and a colony of insectivorous bats. In all but a few Ebola virus disease events, spillover has only been superficially investigated and this was also the case in the West African epidemic. The authors suggest that, to address risks at the human-animal-environmental interface, using a One Health approach, more effort is needed to investigate spillover factors at the time of a ZEBOV epidemic, in addition to conducting inter-epidemic surveys in peridomestic environments. The true prevalence of ZEBOV infection in any species of bats remains unknown. Large-scale, expensive, non-randomised surveys, with low sampling numbers per species, are unlikely to provide evidence for Ebola virus reservoirs or to improve our epidemiological understanding.
{"title":"Searching for the source of Ebola: the elusive factors driving its spillover into humans during the West African outbreak of 2013-2016.","authors":"R. Kock, M. Begovoeva, R. Ansumana, R. Suluku","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2946","url":null,"abstract":"The natural ecology of Ebola virus infection remains enigmatic. No clear reservoir species has been confirmed but there is evidence of infection in a wide spectrum of mammals, including humans, non-human primates, domestic and wild ungulates and a variety of bat species, both frugivorous and insectivorous. Humans and most other species examined appear to be spillover hosts and suffer disease. Bats are the exception and are tolerant to infection in some laboratory studies. Some surveys show a low prevalence of antibodies against Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) strains in bats during human outbreaks and inter-epidemic periods, and this order of mammals is considered to be the likely reservoir for the virus. Other putative sources include insects but this hypothesis is unproven in the field or laboratory. Moreover, some potential sources, such as aquatic species, have yet to be investigated. There are a number of environmental, human behavioural and ecological risk factors proposed with respect to spillover and spread. In the West African outbreak, which was unprecedented in scale and geographic spread, the source of the spillover remains unproven, although an association exists between the proposed index case and a colony of insectivorous bats. In all but a few Ebola virus disease events, spillover has only been superficially investigated and this was also the case in the West African epidemic. The authors suggest that, to address risks at the human-animal-environmental interface, using a One Health approach, more effort is needed to investigate spillover factors at the time of a ZEBOV epidemic, in addition to conducting inter-epidemic surveys in peridomestic environments. The true prevalence of ZEBOV infection in any species of bats remains unknown. Large-scale, expensive, non-randomised surveys, with low sampling numbers per species, are unlikely to provide evidence for Ebola virus reservoirs or to improve our epidemiological understanding.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"7 1","pages":"113-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79991143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly agreed upon 17 global Sustainable Development Goals. The first of these is: 'End poverty in all its forms everywhere'. The second is to: 'End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture'. Food safety is a global priority, since every global citizen has the right to have access to safe and nutritious food. Safe food contributes to people's health and productivity, as well as providing a strong foundation for development and poverty alleviation. Every year, numerous people are affected by foodborne illnesses in developed countries, while widespread illness is even more likely in developing countries. Among society's major concerns are the health risks posed by microbial pathogens and chemicals in food. A One Health approach is crucial to achieving the global goal of food safety and security for all and will improve health outcomes for every citizen.
{"title":"Food safety: a linchpin of One Health.","authors":"M. Shariff","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2947","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly agreed upon 17 global Sustainable Development Goals. The first of these is: 'End poverty in all its forms everywhere'. The second is to: 'End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture'. Food safety is a global priority, since every global citizen has the right to have access to safe and nutritious food. Safe food contributes to people's health and productivity, as well as providing a strong foundation for development and poverty alleviation. Every year, numerous people are affected by foodborne illnesses in developed countries, while widespread illness is even more likely in developing countries. Among society's major concerns are the health risks posed by microbial pathogens and chemicals in food. A One Health approach is crucial to achieving the global goal of food safety and security for all and will improve health outcomes for every citizen.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"104 1","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73603947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nantima, John Ilukor, W. Kaboyo, A. R. Ademun, D. Muwanguzi, M. Sekamatte, J. Sentumbwe, F. Monje, Godfrey Bwire
Zoonotic diseases constitute a significant threat to the health of humans, livestock and wildlife, as well as to livestock production, and can also have a negative impact on our shared environment and on livelihoods. Uganda is a hotspot for emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats, with the main drivers of this phenomenon being identified as agricultural intensification, proximity to wildlife reservoirs and climate change. The threat of zoonotic disease outbreaks affects not only human healthcare systems but also livestock production, food security, human capital development, wildlife health, environmental health and privatesector growth. Firstly, to prevent, control and mitigate the threat from zoonotic diseases, in March 2017, Uganda prioritised zoonotic diseases using a One Health approach that focuses the limited resources available on those diseases that have the greatest impact at the national level. The prioritised zoonotic diseases in question are anthrax, zoonotic influenza viruses, viral haemorrhagic fevers, brucellosis, trypanosomiosis (African sleeping sickness), plague and rabies. Secondly, in January 2018, Uganda published a National One Health Strategic Plan, which was developed after these zoonotic diseases had been prioritised. In addition, the Ugandan Government and its partners are currently collaboratively addressing several of these previously neglected, endemic zoonotic diseases, such as anthrax, brucellosis and rabies. As a result of these One Health efforts, capacity has increased for early detection of, reporting on and response to zoonotic diseases at all levels. To consolidate the achievements of the One Health approach, the Ugandan Government and its partners should continue to support capacity building for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.
{"title":"The importance of a One Health approach for prioritising zoonotic diseases to focus on capacity-building efforts in Uganda.","authors":"N. Nantima, John Ilukor, W. Kaboyo, A. R. Ademun, D. Muwanguzi, M. Sekamatte, J. Sentumbwe, F. Monje, Godfrey Bwire","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2963","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic diseases constitute a significant threat to the health of humans, livestock and wildlife, as well as to livestock production, and can also have a negative impact on our shared environment and on livelihoods. Uganda is a hotspot for emerging and re-emerging zoonotic disease threats, with the main drivers of this phenomenon being identified as agricultural intensification, proximity to wildlife reservoirs and climate change. The threat of zoonotic disease outbreaks affects not only human healthcare systems but also livestock production, food security, human capital development, wildlife health, environmental health and privatesector growth. Firstly, to prevent, control and mitigate the threat from zoonotic diseases, in March 2017, Uganda prioritised zoonotic diseases using a One Health approach that focuses the limited resources available on those diseases that have the greatest impact at the national level. The prioritised zoonotic diseases in question are anthrax, zoonotic influenza viruses, viral haemorrhagic fevers, brucellosis, trypanosomiosis (African sleeping sickness), plague and rabies. Secondly, in January 2018, Uganda published a National One Health Strategic Plan, which was developed after these zoonotic diseases had been prioritised. In addition, the Ugandan Government and its partners are currently collaboratively addressing several of these previously neglected, endemic zoonotic diseases, such as anthrax, brucellosis and rabies. As a result of these One Health efforts, capacity has increased for early detection of, reporting on and response to zoonotic diseases at all levels. To consolidate the achievements of the One Health approach, the Ugandan Government and its partners should continue to support capacity building for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"22 1","pages":"315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84959323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Nantima, A. R. Ademun, J. Sentumbwe, John Ilukor, M. Kirumira, E. Muwanga, M. F. Nakanjako, D. Ndumu, D. Kiconco, E. Arinaitwe, I. Monne, G. Pavade, A. Kamata, S. von Dobschuetz
In 2016-2017, the H5N8 strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) spread worldwide and Uganda reported the first occurrence of the disease in its poultry and wild birds. Genetic analysis revealed that the virus clusters with 2.3.4.4 group B strains from birds in central and southern Asia, and thus forms part of the 2.3.4.4 group B clade. Since Uganda is in the path of two major migratory bird flyways, it is likely that infected migratory wild birds played a crucial role in the introduction of H5N8 HPAI viruses into Uganda. The outbreaks happened in the districts of Wakiso, Masaka and Kalangala and affected domestic and wild birds. A One Health Multisectoral Coordination Committee, consisting of a National Task Force, Technical Working Groups and District Disaster Management Committees, was immediately activated to coordinate the preparedness and response efforts to control the disease. In all the affected districts, surveillance was intensified on both domestic and wild birds; biosecurity measures were increased; and movement controls, culling, cleaning, disinfection and safe disposal of carcasses were implemented. Awareness of the disease was raised through education materials, leaflets and brochures distributed to farmers. Finally, Uganda successfully controlled the H5N8 outbreak, using its national preparedness and response mechanisms and through collaboration with international partners. The emergence and spread of this virus strain in Uganda and other parts of Africa poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and food security.
{"title":"Managing the challenges of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 outbreak in Uganda: a case study.","authors":"N. Nantima, A. R. Ademun, J. Sentumbwe, John Ilukor, M. Kirumira, E. Muwanga, M. F. Nakanjako, D. Ndumu, D. Kiconco, E. Arinaitwe, I. Monne, G. Pavade, A. Kamata, S. von Dobschuetz","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2955","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016-2017, the H5N8 strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) spread worldwide and Uganda reported the first occurrence of the disease in its poultry and wild birds. Genetic analysis revealed that the virus clusters with 2.3.4.4 group B strains from birds in central and southern Asia, and thus forms part of the 2.3.4.4 group B clade. Since Uganda is in the path of two major migratory bird flyways, it is likely that infected migratory wild birds played a crucial role in the introduction of H5N8 HPAI viruses into Uganda. The outbreaks happened in the districts of Wakiso, Masaka and Kalangala and affected domestic and wild birds. A One Health Multisectoral Coordination Committee, consisting of a National Task Force, Technical Working Groups and District Disaster Management Committees, was immediately activated to coordinate the preparedness and response efforts to control the disease. In all the affected districts, surveillance was intensified on both domestic and wild birds; biosecurity measures were increased; and movement controls, culling, cleaning, disinfection and safe disposal of carcasses were implemented. Awareness of the disease was raised through education materials, leaflets and brochures distributed to farmers. Finally, Uganda successfully controlled the H5N8 outbreak, using its national preparedness and response mechanisms and through collaboration with international partners. The emergence and spread of this virus strain in Uganda and other parts of Africa poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and food security.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"29 1","pages":"225-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76167360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Murphy, M. Negrón, E. Pieracci, A. Deressa, W. Bekele, F. Regassa, B. Wassie, B. Afera, K. Hajito, E. Walelign, G. Abebe, S. Newman, I. Rwego, D. Mutonga, D. Gulima, N. Kebede, W. A. Smith, L. M. Kramer, A. Kibria, Y. Bonnenfant, J. Mortenson, A. Vieira, M. Kadzik, D. Sugerman, B. Amare, T. Kanter, H. Walke, E. Belay, K. Gallagher
Zoonotic diseases require a One Health approach for successful control and elimination due to the nature of their transmission between animals and humans. One Health recognises that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are all interconnected. Ethiopia has committed itself to controlling five prioritised zoonotic diseases (rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis and echinococcosis), using a One Health approach. The National One Health Steering Committee (NOHSC) provides a framework for national stakeholders to address gaps in multisectoral communication, coordination and collaboration. In addition, the NOHSC oversees the formation of several specialised disease-focused groups, referred to as 'Technical Working Groups' (TWGs). These TWGs are responsible for developing disease prevention and control strategies, as well as implementing disease-focused public health activities and providing recommendations to the NOHSC. Ethiopia's success using the One Health approach and its efficient control of zoonotic diseases will depend on the commitment of all member Ministries to support the NOHSC and TWGs, as well as to build capacity in Ethiopia's workforce and laboratories, a task supported by its many international partners.
{"title":"One Health collaborations for zoonotic disease control in Ethiopia.","authors":"S. Murphy, M. Negrón, E. Pieracci, A. Deressa, W. Bekele, F. Regassa, B. Wassie, B. Afera, K. Hajito, E. Walelign, G. Abebe, S. Newman, I. Rwego, D. Mutonga, D. Gulima, N. Kebede, W. A. Smith, L. M. Kramer, A. Kibria, Y. Bonnenfant, J. Mortenson, A. Vieira, M. Kadzik, D. Sugerman, B. Amare, T. Kanter, H. Walke, E. Belay, K. Gallagher","doi":"10.20506/rst.38.1.2940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2940","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic diseases require a One Health approach for successful control and elimination due to the nature of their transmission between animals and humans. One Health recognises that the health of humans, animals, and the environment are all interconnected. Ethiopia has committed itself to controlling five prioritised zoonotic diseases (rabies, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis and echinococcosis), using a One Health approach. The National One Health Steering Committee (NOHSC) provides a framework for national stakeholders to address gaps in multisectoral communication, coordination and collaboration. In addition, the NOHSC oversees the formation of several specialised disease-focused groups, referred to as 'Technical Working Groups' (TWGs). These TWGs are responsible for developing disease prevention and control strategies, as well as implementing disease-focused public health activities and providing recommendations to the NOHSC. Ethiopia's success using the One Health approach and its efficient control of zoonotic diseases will depend on the commitment of all member Ministries to support the NOHSC and TWGs, as well as to build capacity in Ethiopia's workforce and laboratories, a task supported by its many international partners.","PeriodicalId":49596,"journal":{"name":"Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties","volume":"79 6 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83508911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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