Rangeland Ecology & Management最新文献_第7页

Forum: The History and Development of Small Mammal Control on China's Grasslands and Potential Implications for Conservation

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.001

Joseph P. Lambert , Yujie Niu , Kun Shi , Philip Riordan

Grasslands make up almost half of China's territory and are important ecological and economic areas. The native small mammals that inhabit these grasslands are often seen as pests competing with livestock and are subjected to population control. At the same time, several species are functionally important ecosystem engineers, and their removal can have far-reaching consequences for grassland health. We review the history and development of attempts to control populations of small burrowing mammals on China's grasslands from ancient times to the present day, and the relevance of these programs to grassland conservation. We describe the different methods of control in use today, and attempt to assess their prevalence and their possible effects on grassland ecosystems from a conservation perspective. Non-chemical methods are used, including manual trapping and biological control with native predators. Four rodenticides are currently registered for use on China's grasslands. Most chemical control is carried out with botulinum toxins type- C and D. We identify 41 species, across two orders (Rodentia and Lagomorpha) and seven families, which are targets of pest control. Two of these species, Marmota sibirica and Ochotona koslowi, are classed as Endangered by the IUCN. Several others are important ecosystem engineers. Case studies on the potential ecological impacts of control programs against two ecosystem engineers, zokors (Eospalax fontanierii) and marmots (Marmota spp.), are described. Finally, we give recommendations for researchers on how to approach this issue.

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引用次数: 0

Improving Seeding Success in Annual Grass-Invaded Areas Using Pre-emergent Herbicide and Deep Furrowing Techniques

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.012

S. Chad Camp , Val J. Anderson , Mitch G. Thacker , Rhett M. Anderson , Todd F. Robinson , Tamzen K. Stringham , Kevin L. Gunnell , Daniel D. Summers , Matthew D. Madsen

Exotic annual weeds have invaded and transformed western North American ecosystems. Restoration of these invaded sites has been met with low levels of success. Pre-emergent herbicides can effectively control these annual weeds, but this treatment does not allow for the concurrent seeding of desired species. Seeding within a deep U-shaped furrow following herbicide application may be a method to reduce pre-emergent herbicide effects by transferring the herbicide away from the seed at the time of planting. We investigated this method by spraying plots with or without the pre-emergent herbicide imazapic, then planting with or without a deep furrow. Treatments (i.e., spraying and furrowing) were applied using mechanical equipment within a single pass at six sites. In plots without imazapic, deep furrows generally had higher plant density and more above-ground biomass of seeded species than those in plots without furrows. Similarly, in plots with imazapic, deep furrows generally improved measured plant metrics for the seeded species. For example, plant density in deep furrows was 62–97% higher than that with nonfurrow treatments in plots with imazapic and 41–89% higher in plots without imazapic. Deep furrows also decreased exotic annual weeds in the first year after planting, but weed reduction was generally more effective when this treatment was applied with imazapic. Overall, this research provides evidence that deep furrows alone can improve seeding success in most instances. Nevertheless, combining herbicide application with deep furrows in a one-pass system should be considered in areas with high weed cover. Due to the substantial soil disturbance caused by deep furrows, this method should be selectively applied, such as constraining the treatment to substantially degraded areas.

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引用次数: 0

Mapping Floral Resources in Montane Landscapes Using Unmanned Aerial Systems and Two-step Random Forest Classifications

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.016

Jesse Tabor , Alexander Hernandez , Diana Cox-Foster , Byron G. Love , Lindsie M. McCabe , Matthew Robbins , Jonathan B.U. Koch

Monitoring floral biodiversity is a critical step in understanding terrestrial ecosystems. However, manual methods to quantify flowering vegetation are costly in time and personnel. In large landscapes, these limited methods may not capture the spatial and temporal variation of floral resources. Recent advances in sensors and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms offer opportunities to characterize the dynamic distribution of floral resources at the landscape level. In this study, UAV imagery and a multistep machine learning classification analysis were used to quantify floral resources in nonagricultural environments, where topography, vegetation, and inflorescence size were variable. Seven flowering species covering an area of 2 138 m² were classified throughout our study, equaling 0.5% of the overall landscape. We determined the period of flowering for important species based on the temporal changes of the floral area classified from UAV images. Models performed well considering the extreme rarity of flowers in the UAV images. The flower class in the land cover classification models performed well with an average sensitivity of 0.77 and average specificity of 0.99. Individual flower classes also performed well with the majority of flower classes receiving sensitivity and specificity values of over 0.90. The use of UAVs is a feasible method for characterizing floral resources in nonagricultural settings. Classifications would benefit from a more robust and comprehensive UAV and floral resource sampling plan, to better characterize the variability of floral resources in UAV imagery.

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引用次数: 0

Diversity and Abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Bacteria in Purshia tridentata Stands in the Sagebrush Steppe

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.013

David Eduardo Prado-Tarango , Ricardo Mata-González , Dana Sanchez , Lisa Ellsworth

Soil microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fixing bacteria, require better integration into ecological restoration programs as they might facilitate plant establishment. Both are believed to be critical for the establishment of native rangeland plant species such as Purshia tridentata. We evaluated the AMF and bacterial diversity and abundance from soils in 1) areas with undisturbed P. tridentata stands in rangelands of north-central Oregon and 2) areas where P. tridentata was eliminated because of wildfires. We collected soil from three locations 1) areas with undisturbed P. tridentata stands in rangelands of North-central Oregon and 2) areas where P. tridentata was eliminated because of wildfires. We also collected roots from live P tridentata plants. We used 16s rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing to determine and compare bacterial and AMF microbiomes. We wanted to evaluate the soil bacteria to the family level to determine the presence of the Frankiaceae family, and the AMF to the species level to evaluate which AMF species colonized this plant. Bacterial and AMF diversity did not vary between locations, but diversity and abundance of both parameters differed in roots (P < 0.05) from those of soils. AMF abundance in roots was dominated by Claroideoglomus and Glomus. The major bacterial familiy detected in soil samples was Chthoniobacteraceae, while Frankiaceae was present to a very low extent. Our results suggest that current microbial communities in the study area are homogeneous instead of being affected by the elimination of P. tridentata. However, our data reveals the current mycorrhizal communities associated with P. tridentata which can be used for restoration purposes.

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引用次数: 0

Late Summer Intensive Grazing, an Alternative to Herbicide Application in Rangelands of the Flooding Pampa

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.010

Joaquín Asad , Kevin Van Sundert , Ana V. Eljall Qüesta , Pablo Preliasco , Josefina L. De Paepe

The Flooding Pampa harbors grasslands of high conservation value and provides grazing ground for extensive livestock production in uplands while lowlands are less productive. The Aboveground Net Primary Productivity (ANPP) of cool-season C3 grasses limits livestock production in this region. Consequently, two managements have been implemented to promote ANPP of these upland grasses, in contrast to the No Promotion (NP) traditional management with continuous stocking during the entire year: Herbicide Promotion (HP), and less commonly, Late Summer Intensive Grazing (LSIG). Here, we compare the effectiveness of LSIG as a potential alternative to herbicide application in promoting cool-season grass production and evaluate both short- and longer-term impacts on inter- and sub-annual ANPP. To this end, we integrated remotely sensed ANPP data from 2013 to 2019 with rainfall data from meteorological stations, field observations, and management information provided by farm managers. We found that in comparison to NP in uplands, both HP and LSIG successfully promoted ANPP during the cooler months (P < 0.05). However, under HP, this came at the expense of warm-season grasses and annual ANPP, to such an extent that upland annual ANPP under HP was reduced to similar values of the normally less productive lowlands. Our study showed that cool-season grasses can be successfully promoted with or without herbicide use, but HP leads to a longer-term degradation of forage resources. Contrary to HP, LSIG is a management that reconciles the dual goals of livestock production and grassland conservation in the Flooding Pampa.

{"title":"Late Summer Intensive Grazing, an Alternative to Herbicide Application in Rangelands of the Flooding Pampa","authors":"Joaquín Asad , Kevin Van Sundert , Ana V. Eljall Qüesta , Pablo Preliasco , Josefina L. De Paepe","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Flooding Pampa harbors grasslands of high conservation value and provides grazing ground for extensive livestock production in uplands while lowlands are less productive. The Aboveground Net Primary Productivity (ANPP) of cool-season C3 grasses limits livestock production in this region. Consequently, two managements have been implemented to promote ANPP of these upland grasses, in contrast to the No Promotion (NP) traditional management with continuous stocking during the entire year: Herbicide Promotion (HP), and less commonly, Late Summer Intensive Grazing (LSIG). Here, we compare the effectiveness of LSIG as a potential alternative to herbicide application in promoting cool-season grass production and evaluate both short- and longer-term impacts on inter- and sub-annual ANPP. To this end, we integrated remotely sensed ANPP data from 2013 to 2019 with rainfall data from meteorological stations, field observations, and management information provided by farm managers. We found that in comparison to NP in uplands, both HP and LSIG successfully promoted ANPP during the cooler months (<em>P</em> < 0.05). However, under HP, this came at the expense of warm-season grasses and annual ANPP, to such an extent that upland annual ANPP under HP was reduced to similar values of the normally less productive lowlands. Our study showed that cool-season grasses can be successfully promoted with or without herbicide use, but HP leads to a longer-term degradation of forage resources. Contrary to HP, LSIG is a management that reconciles the dual goals of livestock production and grassland conservation in the Flooding Pampa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Responses to Long-Term Flood Irrigation and Fertilization in High-Elevation Hay Meadows

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.002

Daniel M. Adamson , Urszula Norton , Jay B. Norton , Shannon E. Albeke , Brian M. Sebade , Linda T.A. van Diepen

Rangelands are an important grazing resource worldwide, but in many regions, supplemental forage is needed to support grazing during parts of the year. Mountain irrigated hay meadows are an integral hay-producing component of livestock operations in the Intermountain Western United States (US), but productive capacity is made challenging by short growing season (elevation >2000 m) and inefficient flood irrigation strategies. Further, these factors have reduced residue decomposition and led to the development of an organic horizon at the soil surface which stores large amounts of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen (N). Better understanding of N-cycling and SOM dynamics is necessary to improve N management and sustainability of forage production in meadows. A field study was conducted at four ranches in southern Wyoming and northern Colorado, US, in 2021 to evaluate the effect of long-term flood irrigation and N fertilization on soil carbon (C) and N pools. Soil pits were excavated to 1.5-m depth in three management systems: unirrigated rangeland, irrigated-unfertilized meadow, and irrigated-fertilized meadow. In each pit, genetic soil horizons were sampled and analyzed for total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), dissolved organic C (DOC), and N (DON), microbial biomass C (MBC), and N (MBN), potentially mineralizable C (PMC), and N (PMN), nitrate, and ammonium. Irrigation dramatically increased TOC concentration at the soil surface, and also increased TOC in the entire profile. However, N fertilization negated the effects of irrigation, as fertilized meadow stabile and labile C and N pools more closely resembled those of rangelands. Fertilized and unfertilized meadows had less labile C and N per unit of stable C and N compared to rangelands, and lower PMN, suggesting lower SOM mineralization or loss to leaching. Alternative irrigation strategies that reduce soil waterlogging will likely improve SOM cycling and forage production in hay meadows but should be balanced with SOM sequestration and other ecosystem services.

{"title":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Responses to Long-Term Flood Irrigation and Fertilization in High-Elevation Hay Meadows","authors":"Daniel M. Adamson , Urszula Norton , Jay B. Norton , Shannon E. Albeke , Brian M. Sebade , Linda T.A. van Diepen","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rangelands are an important grazing resource worldwide, but in many regions, supplemental forage is needed to support grazing during parts of the year. Mountain irrigated hay meadows are an integral hay-producing component of livestock operations in the Intermountain Western United States (US), but productive capacity is made challenging by short growing season (elevation >2000 m) and inefficient flood irrigation strategies. Further, these factors have reduced residue decomposition and led to the development of an organic horizon at the soil surface which stores large amounts of soil organic matter (SOM) and nitrogen (N). Better understanding of N-cycling and SOM dynamics is necessary to improve N management and sustainability of forage production in meadows. A field study was conducted at four ranches in southern Wyoming and northern Colorado, US, in 2021 to evaluate the effect of long-term flood irrigation and N fertilization on soil carbon (C) and N pools. Soil pits were excavated to 1.5-m depth in three management systems: unirrigated rangeland, irrigated-unfertilized meadow, and irrigated-fertilized meadow. In each pit, genetic soil horizons were sampled and analyzed for total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), dissolved organic C (DOC), and N (DON), microbial biomass C (MBC), and N (MBN), potentially mineralizable C (PMC), and N (PMN), nitrate, and ammonium. Irrigation dramatically increased TOC concentration at the soil surface, and also increased TOC in the entire profile. However, N fertilization negated the effects of irrigation, as fertilized meadow stabile and labile C and N pools more closely resembled those of rangelands. Fertilized and unfertilized meadows had less labile C and N per unit of stable C and N compared to rangelands, and lower PMN, suggesting lower SOM mineralization or loss to leaching. Alternative irrigation strategies that reduce soil waterlogging will likely improve SOM cycling and forage production in hay meadows but should be balanced with SOM sequestration and other ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the Rotational Grazing Dilemma: The Role of Terminology in System Comparison Outcomes

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.015

Tong Wang , Urs Kreuter

The contentious rotational grazing debate has continued without resolution for decades with proponents and opponents drawing contradictory evidence-based conclusions. Lack of explicit distinction in grazing systems’ terminology may be an important contributor to the contradictory conclusions, but this issue has received scant attention. To better understand the role of terminology in the grazing management efficacy, we surveyed 870 ranchers in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas during January to March 2022. Dividing ranchers into extensive, intermediate, and intensive groups based on their self-identified grazing practice and paddock numbers, we compared a wide range of variables including ranch/rancher characteristics and grazing outcomes among the three groups. We found that the extensive group differed from the intermediate group in 4–15% of the examined variables, whereas the extensive and intensive groups differed in 63–81% of the variables. In terms of ranching outcomes, we found no difference between the extensive and intermediate groups, yet the extensive group differed from the intensive group in 50–100% of the studied outcomes. Such differences highlight the importance of distinguishing between intermediate and intensive grazing management groups when examining the benefits of rotational grazing over continuous grazing, a notable deficiency in much of the previous literature. Our results also point to the need to refine terminology used for grazing management strategies and intensity to ensure consistent comparisons across studies.

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引用次数: 0

Fire and Grazing Reduce Invasive Grass Thatch in Rangelands

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.009

Esben L. Kjaer , Ryan Limb , Benjamin Geaumont , Jason Harmon , Torre Hovick , Kevin Sedivec

Rangelands globally are invaded by exotic species. In the northern Great Plains, Kentucky bluegrass (hereafter, “bluegrass”) invades rangelands by forming a thick thatch layer that alters water and nutrient cycling and prevents seed germination by native plants. Consequently, management actions that focus on reducing the bluegrass thatch layer have a greater chance of successfully promoting native plant diversity. To determine how different rangeland management practices impact bluegrass thatch, we measured thatch depth at multiple points across pastures invaded by bluegrass in south-central North Dakota. Each pasture was managed with either patch-burn grazing, modified twice-over rest-rotational grazing (MTORG), or season-long grazing. We also measured thatch in a control pasture that was neither burned nor grazed the previous 5 years. Both the patch-burn grazing and MTORG pastures were designed to increase landscape-level heterogeneity and promote biodiversity. We found that all forms of rangeland management resulted in a thinner thatch layer than our control pasture (3.92 ± 0.27 cm). However, pastures managed with patch-burn grazing had less thatch (1.79 ± 0.03 cm) than those managed with either MTORG (2.60 ± 0.03 cm) or season-long grazing (2.59 ± 0.05 cm). These results suggest that any form of cattle grazing can reduce bluegrass thatch, however fire followed by grazing can further reduce bluegrass thatch. A reduction in thatch resulting from interacting fire and grazing may lessen the impact of bluegrass on rangelands.

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引用次数: 0

Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Strategies for Land Managers on Northwest US Rangelands 美国西北部牧场土地管理者的气候变化脆弱性和适应战略

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.04.012

Anna T. Maher , Holly R. Prendeville , Jessica E. Halofsky , Mary M. Rowland , Kirk W. Davies , Chad S. Boyd

Rangelands around the globe are experiencing management challenges associated with existing and emerging stressors, including more frequent and severe fires, woody species expansion, annual grass invasion, heavy, repeated growing season grazing, and climate change. Disturbance is an essential part of rangeland systems. Yet climate change is likely to affect rangelands most directly by increasing the likelihood, severity, and extent of long term, negative impacts from disturbance. We conducted a synthesis of key vulnerabilities to climate change for Northwest US rangelands. These rangelands are projected to become warmer and drier this century, with episodes of more extreme droughts and higher likelihood of more severe fires affecting larger areas. Many of the vulnerabilities identified in our synthesis, such as increased frequency of fire and invasive grass proliferation, can have lasting effects, leading to “undesirable transformations” (substantial and persistent changes in vegetation composition and reductions in ecosystem services). For example, larger, more severe fires have led to the rapid loss of critical Greater sage-grouse habitat and diminished forage production capacity for livestock in some areas, lowering provisioning of ecosystem services, increasing fire management costs, and impacting rural livelihoods. Rangeland managers need guidance connecting climate change projections to on-the-ground management actions. We conclude from our synthesis of climate change vulnerabilities that supporting rangeland recovery is an important climate adaptation approach on Northwest rangelands. Proactive climate adaptation strategies (e.g., supporting soil health and vegetation) and example practices (e.g., establishing climate-adapted perennial plant species) are presented according to key action areas: prepare for, respond to, and recover from disturbance. Identifying specific adaptation needs at more local scales, like the management unit level, may be further refined through proactive planning and experimentation in collaborative settings that allow for resource pooling and foster learning.

全球各地的牧场正经历着与现有和新出现的压力因素相关的管理挑战，这些压力因素包括更频繁和更严重的火灾、木本物种扩张、一年生牧草入侵、大量重复的生长季节放牧以及气候变化。干扰是牧场系统的重要组成部分。然而，气候变化可能会增加干扰造成长期负面影响的可能性、严重程度和范围，从而对牧场产生最直接的影响。我们对美国西北部牧场面对气候变化的主要脆弱性进行了综合分析。据预测，本世纪这些牧场将变得更加温暖和干燥，出现更极端的干旱，更严重的火灾也更有可能影响到更大的区域。我们在综述中发现的许多脆弱性（如火灾频率增加和入侵草扩散）可能会产生持久影响，导致 "不良转变"（植被组成发生重大且持续的变化，生态系统服务减少）。例如，更大规模、更严重的火灾导致一些地区重要的大沙鼠栖息地迅速丧失，牲畜的饲料生产能力下降，降低了生态系统服务的供给，增加了火灾管理成本，影响了农村的生计。牧场管理者需要将气候变化预测与实地管理行动联系起来的指导。通过对气候变化脆弱性的综合分析，我们得出结论：支持牧场恢复是西北牧场适应气候的重要方法。我们按照关键行动领域介绍了积极的气候适应战略（如支持土壤健康和植被）和示范实践（如建立适应气候的多年生植物物种）：为干扰做好准备、对干扰做出反应并从干扰中恢复。在更大范围内（如管理单位层面）确定具体的适应需求，可通过在允许资源共享和促进学习的合作环境中进行积极主动的规划和实验来进一步完善。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Postwildfire Mechanical Seeding on Soil Properties in Wyoming Big Sagebrush Communities 野火后机械播种对怀俄明州大沙棘群落土壤特性的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.011

Brian M. Morra , Beth A. Newingham , Amy C. Ganguli , Brian K. Howard , Nancy L. Shaw

Reduction of vegetation following wildfire in rangelands of the western United States can result in invasion of exotic annual grasses and elevated soil loss to wind erosion. In response to these threats, various mechanical seeding methods (such as drill seeding and mechanical mixing of broadcast seeds) are commonly employed by restoration practitioners. Despite their common use, little information exists about how additional disturbance from mechanical seeding (following wildfire disturbance) may further contribute to soil loss from wind erosion. Here, we compared the effects of mechanical seeding techniques on soil properties following two wildfires occurring in similar climates with contrasting soil textures (silty loam and gravelly loam soils). Using either a rangeland or minimum-till drill to create furrows or mix broadcasted seeds into soils, we quantified wind erosion risk for unburned sites, burned nonseeded sites, and seeded sites according to soil aggregate stability, horizontal sediment flux, surface microtopography, and soil compaction. Effects of mechanical seeding were small relative to those created by wildfire. For burned areas, differences in site stability were greatest between sites. Following wildfire, the largest decrease in site stability occurred in fine-textured soils, where horizontal sediment transport was increased by nearly five orders of magnitude relative to unburned areas. Despite these initial differences, site stability in fine-textured soils may have improved to a greater degree than stability at the coarse-textured site. Furthermore, we found minimal differences between drill types on site stability but, instead, observed that the largest differences in soil properties were created by furrow versus broadcast seeding. The different outcomes of rehabilitation on site stability found here, paired with the spatial extent to which wildfire affects landscapes, highlights the importance of postfire monitoring of site stability in more locations that vary by soil, plant, landscape, and climatic variables.

美国西部牧场发生野火后植被减少，可能导致外来一年生牧草的入侵和风蚀造成的土壤流失增加。为了应对这些威胁，恢复工作者通常采用各种机械播种方法（如钻孔播种和机械混合播种）。尽管这些方法被普遍使用，但关于机械播种（在野火扰动之后）产生的额外扰动如何进一步加剧风蚀造成的土壤流失的信息却很少。在此，我们比较了两场野火后机械播种技术对土壤性质的影响，这两场野火发生在气候相似的地区，但土壤质地（淤泥质壤土和砾质壤土）却截然不同。我们使用牧场耧车或最小耕作耧车开沟或将播撒的种子拌入土壤，根据土壤团聚体稳定性、水平沉积通量、地表微地形和土壤压实度，量化了未燃烧地、燃烧后未播种地和播种地的风蚀风险。与野火造成的影响相比，机械播种的影响较小。在烧毁地区，不同地点之间的土壤稳定性差异最大。野火过后，细粒土壤的场地稳定性下降幅度最大，与未燃烧地区相比，这里的水平沉积物迁移量增加了近五个数量级。尽管最初存在这些差异，但细粒度土壤的场地稳定性可能比粗粒度场地的稳定性有更大程度的改善。此外，我们还发现，不同类型的耧车对场地稳定性的影响微乎其微，相反，犁沟播种与撒播播种在土壤性质上的差异最大。这里发现的恢复对场地稳定性的不同结果，以及野火对地貌影响的空间范围，突出了在更多因土壤、植物、地貌和气候变量而异的地点对场地稳定性进行火后监测的重要性。

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引用次数: 0