Rangeland Ecology & Management最新文献_第8页

Where Do We Go From Here With Sagebrush Conservation: A Long-Term Perspective? 我们该何去何从？长期展望？

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.009

Thomas E. Remington , Kenneth E. Mayer , San J. Stiver

During our careers with State Wildlife Agencies and involvement with the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, we have watched and participated as state and federal agency perspectives about, and actions toward sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) have evolved. This change from sagebrush removal efforts to encourage forage production to conservation and restoration had several causes, but the largest factor was the long-term decline in greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) populations and potential for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Potential for listing accelerated planning and implementation activity by the Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, states, nongovernmental organizations, and private landowners that continues to this day. The tremendous investment we have all made in collaborative science has set us up for success in conserving sagebrush and sagebrush obligate species. We offer insights organized around five themes and specific recommendations for moving sagebrush conservation forward. Despite over three decades of unprecedented conservation efforts, we are still losing sagebrush at a rate of 0.53 million hectares (1.3 million acres) per year, which means we must both increase our capacity for sagebrush conservation and become more strategic in our investments. Shifting the emphasis of conservation from sage-grouse to sagebrush will reduce conflicts, increase participation, and broaden benefits. Increasing capacity, both fiscal and human from biome to local scales will require effectively communicating the value of, and threats to, the sagebrush biome. Recent science products, including this issue, offer a new ability and create a responsibility to strategically target sagebrush dollars where we can be successful. This strategic approach should be adaptive, with explicit conservation goals and monitoring to evaluate progress. This will require unprecedented collaboration to establish priority areas and goals, which will necessitate a collaborative governance structure to coordinate. Toward this end, we offer 9 specific implementation recommendations.

在我们供职于州立野生生物机构并参与西部鱼类和野生生物机构协会的工作期间，我们见证并参与了州立和联邦机构对鼠尾草（蒿属）的看法和行动的演变。这种从清除鼠尾草以鼓励饲料生产到保护和恢复的转变有多种原因，但最大的因素是大鼠尾草（Centrocercus urophasianus）数量的长期下降以及可能被列入《濒危物种法》。上市的可能性加速了土地管理局、美国林务局、鱼类和野生动物管理局、各州、非政府组织和私人土地所有者的规划和实施活动，这些活动一直持续到今天。我们在合作科学方面的巨大投入为我们成功保护灌木丛和灌木丛必生物种奠定了基础。我们围绕五个主题发表了自己的见解，并提出了推进灌丛保护的具体建议。尽管三十多年来我们做出了前所未有的保护努力，但我们仍在以每年 53 万公顷（130 万英亩）的速度失去灌木丛，这意味着我们必须提高我们保护灌木丛的能力，并在投资方面更具战略性。将保护重点从鼠尾草转移到灌木丛将减少冲突、提高参与度并扩大收益。要提高从生物群落到地方范围的财力和人力，就必须有效地宣传鼠尾草生物群落的价值和面临的威胁。包括本期在内的最新科学产品为我们提供了一种新的能力，同时也为我们创造了一种责任，那就是将用于鼠尾草的资金战略性地用于我们能够取得成功的地方。这种战略方法应该是适应性的，具有明确的保护目标，并通过监测来评估进展情况。这将需要前所未有的合作，以确定优先领域和目标，这将需要一个合作治理结构来协调。为此，我们提出了 9 项具体实施建议。

{"title":"Where Do We Go From Here With Sagebrush Conservation: A Long-Term Perspective?","authors":"Thomas E. Remington , Kenneth E. Mayer , San J. Stiver","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During our careers with State Wildlife Agencies and involvement with the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, we have watched and participated as state and federal agency perspectives about, and actions toward sagebrush (<em>Artemisia</em> spp.) have evolved. This change from sagebrush removal efforts to encourage forage production to conservation and restoration had several causes, but the largest factor was the long-term decline in greater sage-grouse (<em>Centrocercus urophasianus</em>) populations and potential for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Potential for listing accelerated planning and implementation activity by the Bureau of Land Management, US Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, states, nongovernmental organizations, and private landowners that continues to this day. The tremendous investment we have all made in collaborative science has set us up for success in conserving sagebrush and sagebrush obligate species. We offer insights organized around five themes and specific recommendations for moving sagebrush conservation forward. Despite over three decades of unprecedented conservation efforts, we are still losing sagebrush at a rate of 0.53 million hectares (1.3 million acres) per year, which means we must both increase our capacity for sagebrush conservation and become more strategic in our investments. Shifting the emphasis of conservation from sage-grouse to sagebrush will reduce conflicts, increase participation, and broaden benefits. Increasing capacity, both fiscal and human from biome to local scales will require effectively communicating the value of, and threats to, the sagebrush biome. Recent science products, including this issue, offer a new ability and create a responsibility to strategically target sagebrush dollars where we can be successful. This strategic approach should be adaptive, with explicit conservation goals and monitoring to evaluate progress. This will require unprecedented collaboration to establish priority areas and goals, which will necessitate a collaborative governance structure to coordinate. Toward this end, we offer 9 specific implementation recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 200-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ranchers’ and Federal Land Managers’ Mental Models of Rangeland Management Across an Environmental Gradient 跨环境梯度的牧场主和联邦土地管理者牧场管理的心理模型

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.025

Calandria P. Puntenney , April Hulet , Kelly A. Hopping

Managing rangelands to meet social-ecological goals requires monitoring ecological indicators to inform management responses. These goals and monitoring objectives are grounded in land managers’ understandings, or mental models, of the rangeland system. Rangeland managers’ mental models are often highly place-specific, which can enable management actions to be matched to local conditions. In the western United States, ranchers and federal agency personnel, like those in the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), are two of the primary social groups involved in rangeland management. We compared ranchers’ and BLM personnel's rangeland mental models across two regions. We conducted semi-structured interviews about their management goals and objectives, as well as their perspectives on important rangeland system dynamics and the constraints inhibiting them from reaching their goals. We used a mixed-methods approach, including network analysis metrics, to elucidate similarities and differences in their mental models and in the ecological indicators they use to assess rangeland health and to trigger management actions. We found that their goals differed more between social groups, whereas specific management objectives differed more between geographic regions and reflected local priorities, such as invasive species and wildfire risk. Ranchers’ and agency personnel's mental models indicated divergent perspectives on the seasonal impacts of livestock on soils and vegetation and about grazing as either a disturbance to be mitigated or as a tool to maintain critical ecosystem processes. These findings indicate that ranchers and agency personnel have place-specific knowledge, but that their mental models are more similar to others in their social group than to those outside their social group in the same region. Differences in their conceptions of rangeland management suggest areas for increased communication between ranchers and agency personnel, which could in turn promote mutual understanding and collaboration toward shared objectives, thereby helping both groups overcome constraints to reach their management goals.

管理牧场以实现社会生态目标需要监测生态指标，为管理对策提供信息。这些目标和监测目标建立在土地管理者对牧场系统的理解或心理模型的基础上。牧场管理者的思维模式通常是高度地域性的，这可以使管理行动与当地条件相匹配。在美国西部，牧场主和联邦机构人员，如土地管理局（BLM）的人员，是参与牧场管理的两个主要社会群体。我们比较了两个地区的牧场主和土地管理局人员的牧场心理模型。我们对他们的管理目标和目的进行了半结构化的访谈，以及他们对重要牧场系统动态的看法和阻碍他们实现目标的制约因素。我们使用了一种混合方法，包括网络分析指标，来阐明他们的心理模型和他们用来评估牧场健康和触发管理行动的生态指标的异同。我们发现他们的目标在不同的社会群体之间差异更大，而具体的管理目标在不同的地理区域之间差异更大，并反映了当地的优先事项，如入侵物种和野火风险。对于牲畜对土壤和植被的季节性影响，以及放牧是一种需要缓解的干扰，还是一种维持关键生态系统过程的工具，牧场主和机构人员的心理模型表明了不同的观点。这些发现表明，牧场主和机构人员具有特定地点的知识，但他们的心智模式与同一地区的社会群体中的其他人更相似，而不是与其社会群体外的人。他们对牧场管理的不同观念表明，牧场主和机构人员之间应该加强交流，这反过来可以促进相互了解和合作，实现共同的目标，从而帮助双方克服限制，实现其管理目标。

{"title":"Ranchers’ and Federal Land Managers’ Mental Models of Rangeland Management Across an Environmental Gradient","authors":"Calandria P. Puntenney , April Hulet , Kelly A. Hopping","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing rangelands to meet social-ecological goals requires monitoring ecological indicators to inform management responses. These goals and monitoring objectives are grounded in land managers’ understandings, or mental models, of the rangeland system. Rangeland managers’ mental models are often highly place-specific, which can enable management actions to be matched to local conditions. In the western United States, ranchers and federal agency personnel, like those in the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), are two of the primary social groups involved in rangeland management. We compared ranchers’ and BLM personnel's rangeland mental models across two regions. We conducted semi-structured interviews about their management goals and objectives, as well as their perspectives on important rangeland system dynamics and the constraints inhibiting them from reaching their goals. We used a mixed-methods approach, including network analysis metrics, to elucidate similarities and differences in their mental models and in the ecological indicators they use to assess rangeland health and to trigger management actions. We found that their goals differed more between social groups, whereas specific management objectives differed more between geographic regions and reflected local priorities, such as invasive species and wildfire risk. Ranchers’ and agency personnel's mental models indicated divergent perspectives on the seasonal impacts of livestock on soils and vegetation and about grazing as either a disturbance to be mitigated or as a tool to maintain critical ecosystem processes. These findings indicate that ranchers and agency personnel have place-specific knowledge, but that their mental models are more similar to others in their social group than to those outside their social group in the same region. Differences in their conceptions of rangeland management suggest areas for increased communication between ranchers and agency personnel, which could in turn promote mutual understanding and collaboration toward shared objectives, thereby helping both groups overcome constraints to reach their management goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 94-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding How Ranchers Adaptively Manage for Drought in Northeastern Colorado 了解科罗拉多州东北部牧场主如何适应干旱

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.026

Emily Donaldson , Hailey Wilmer , Corrie Knapp , Justin D. Derner

As ranchers in the western United States face more severe droughts with increased variability in forage production, their operations and associated rural communities face heightened vulnerability to drought impacts. Predicted increases in the severity and duration of droughts in this region suggest that understanding context-specific responses could allow for more effective drought responses. We employed a mixed-methods approach (mail surveys and focus groups) to understand factors that influence individual rancher's observed adaptive response and use of decision-making indicators to respond to drought. We find that, like other rangeland systems, Colorado shortgrass steppe ranchers are motivated to maintain an economically viable operation through flexible management and diverse income sources in the face of barriers like resource variability, ecological complexity, and other stressors beyond their control (e.g., climate and feed grain markets). The most common adaptation strategy was maintaining conservative stocking rates; however, ranchers also used on-site drought indicators such as decreased soil moisture, decreased summer precipitation, and high plant stress. Our research suggests that in NE Colorado, traditional rangeland management with conservative stocking rates may be an example of adaptive management. Our research suggests that it is critical to understand context to assess the adaptive actions of ranching communities.

随着美国西部牧场主面临更严重的干旱和牧草生产的变异性增加，他们的经营和相关的农村社区面临更大的干旱影响脆弱性。预计该地区干旱的严重程度和持续时间会增加，这表明了解具体情况的反应可以使我们更有效地应对干旱。我们采用了一种混合方法（邮件调查和焦点小组）来了解影响个体牧场主观察到的适应性反应和使用决策指标来应对干旱的因素。我们发现，与其他牧场系统一样，科罗拉多短草草原牧场主在面对资源可变性、生态复杂性和其他超出其控制的压力因素（如气候和饲料谷物市场）等障碍时，有动力通过灵活的管理和多样化的收入来源来维持经济上可行的运营。最常见的适应策略是保持保守的放养率；然而，牧场主也使用了现场干旱指标，如土壤水分减少、夏季降水减少和植物高胁迫。我们的研究表明，在科罗拉多州东北部，传统的牧场管理与保守的放养率可能是适应性管理的一个例子。我们的研究表明，了解环境对评估牧场社区的适应行动至关重要。

{"title":"Understanding How Ranchers Adaptively Manage for Drought in Northeastern Colorado","authors":"Emily Donaldson , Hailey Wilmer , Corrie Knapp , Justin D. Derner","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As ranchers in the western United States face more severe droughts with increased variability in forage production, their operations and associated rural communities face heightened vulnerability to drought impacts. Predicted increases in the severity and duration of droughts in this region suggest that understanding context-specific responses could allow for more effective drought responses. We employed a mixed-methods approach (mail surveys and focus groups) to understand factors that influence individual rancher's observed adaptive response and use of decision-making indicators to respond to drought. We find that, like other rangeland systems, Colorado shortgrass steppe ranchers are motivated to maintain an economically viable operation through flexible management and diverse income sources in the face of barriers like resource variability, ecological complexity, and other stressors beyond their control (e.g., climate and feed grain markets). The most common adaptation strategy was maintaining conservative stocking rates; however, ranchers also used on-site drought indicators such as decreased soil moisture, decreased summer precipitation, and high plant stress. Our research suggests that in NE Colorado, traditional rangeland management with conservative stocking rates may be an example of adaptive management. Our research suggests that it is critical to understand context to assess the adaptive actions of ranching communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 83-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ranchers’ Views of Smart Foodscapes: Applied and Methodological Insights 牧场主对智能食物景观的看法：应用和方法论见解

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.027

Zubair Barkat , Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad , Eric Thacker

Outreach and programs aimed at encouraging the adoption of conservation practices in agriculture often rely upon insights from past, current, and potential users. However, collecting feedback can be challenging, especially for innovative or complex practices. This research note presents an approach used to elicit rancher input on Smart Foodscapes (SFS) -islands of diverse perennial legumes and forbs with high nutrient content, tested as part of a transdisciplinary USDA-funded project designed to improve the sustainability and profitability of western US beef production. We shared a 4-minute video about SFS, followed by an online survey to a sample of Utah ranchers. We reflect on the usefulness of this technique in gathering ranchers’ feedback, focusing on strengths and weaknesses in informing the iterative project along with methodological considerations. We find that ranchers’ perceptions of SFS are motivated by economic benefits, environmental stewardship, and better land management. Challenges included managing SFS within their existing ranching system and cost and time investment compared to future benefits. Methodologically, our research highlights the role of audiovisual tools to help convey complicated concepts. However, our research revealed the limitations of purchased email lists from private vendors and strategies to filter out irrelevant responses from social media were required. Finally, the study provides insights for outreach efforts and highlights early engagement and clear communication as critical aspects of transdisciplinary projects. We recommend that future research should explore how ranchers’ sense of place influences adoption decisions. Also, the survey revealed ranchers’ concerns about government trust (12%). Thus, we will investigate whether government trust affects their willingness to adopt SFS in future research. Also, involving stakeholders and setting up a dynamic feedback mechanism is necessary for the successful implementation of innovative systems-level sustainable agricultural systems. While focused on SFS, applied and methodological insights can be used in agricultural conservation efforts more broadly.

旨在鼓励在农业中采用保护措施的推广和项目往往依赖于过去、现在和潜在用户的见解。然而，收集反馈可能具有挑战性，特别是对于创新或复杂的实践。本研究报告提出了一种方法，用于吸引牧场主对智能食品景观（SFS）的投入-具有高营养含量的多种多年生豆类和牧草的岛屿，作为美国农业部资助的跨学科项目的一部分进行测试，旨在提高美国西部牛肉生产的可持续性和盈利能力。我们分享了一段关于SFS的4分钟视频，随后对犹他州农场主进行了在线调查。我们反思这种技术在收集牧场主反馈方面的有用性，关注在告知迭代项目以及方法考虑方面的优势和劣势。我们发现牧场主对SFS的看法是由经济利益、环境管理和更好的土地管理驱动的。挑战包括在现有的牧场系统中管理SFS，以及与未来收益相比的成本和时间投资。在方法上，我们的研究强调了视听工具在帮助传达复杂概念方面的作用。然而，我们的研究揭示了从私人供应商购买的电子邮件列表的局限性，并且需要从社交媒体中过滤不相关回复的策略。最后，该研究为推广工作提供了见解，并强调了早期参与和清晰的沟通是跨学科项目的关键方面。我们建议未来的研究应该探讨牧场主的地方感如何影响收养决策。此外，调查还揭示了牧场主对政府信任的担忧（12%）。因此，在未来的研究中，我们将探讨政府信任是否会影响他们采用SFS的意愿。此外，让利益相关者参与并建立动态反馈机制对于成功实施创新的系统级可持续农业系统是必要的。虽然侧重于SFS，但应用和方法上的见解可以更广泛地用于农业保护工作。

{"title":"Ranchers’ Views of Smart Foodscapes: Applied and Methodological Insights","authors":"Zubair Barkat , Jessica D. Ulrich-Schad , Eric Thacker","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outreach and programs aimed at encouraging the adoption of conservation practices in agriculture often rely upon insights from past, current, and potential users. However, collecting feedback can be challenging, especially for innovative or complex practices. This research note presents an approach used to elicit rancher input on Smart Foodscapes (SFS) -islands of diverse perennial legumes and forbs with high nutrient content, tested as part of a transdisciplinary USDA-funded project designed to improve the sustainability and profitability of western US beef production. We shared a 4-minute video about SFS, followed by an online survey to a sample of Utah ranchers. We reflect on the usefulness of this technique in gathering ranchers’ feedback, focusing on strengths and weaknesses in informing the iterative project along with methodological considerations. We find that ranchers’ perceptions of SFS are motivated by economic benefits, environmental stewardship, and better land management. Challenges included managing SFS within their existing ranching system and cost and time investment compared to future benefits. Methodologically, our research highlights the role of audiovisual tools to help convey complicated concepts. However, our research revealed the limitations of purchased email lists from private vendors and strategies to filter out irrelevant responses from social media were required. Finally, the study provides insights for outreach efforts and highlights early engagement and clear communication as critical aspects of transdisciplinary projects. We recommend that future research should explore how ranchers’ sense of place influences adoption decisions. Also, the survey revealed ranchers’ concerns about government trust (12%). Thus, we will investigate whether government trust affects their willingness to adopt SFS in future research. Also, involving stakeholders and setting up a dynamic feedback mechanism is necessary for the successful implementation of innovative systems-level sustainable agricultural systems. While focused on SFS, applied and methodological insights can be used in agricultural conservation efforts more broadly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 293-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Riparian Use by Cattle – Influence of Management, Season, and Weather 牛利用河岸的建模——管理、季节和天气的影响

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.023

Mary M. Rowland , Ryan M. Nielson , David W. Bohnert , Bryan A. Endress , Michael J. Wisdom , Joshua P. Averett

Because riparian ecosystems are highly valued for their diverse ecological services, past and ongoing disturbances in riparian zones have led to extensive restoration efforts, litigation, and compliance monitoring of the effects of livestock grazing. Better understanding of the factors that influence cattle riparian use, especially in landscapes supporting threatened or endangered fish, could lead to improved predictions of management outcomes and riparian recovery for sustainable grazing systems. Although published models predict habitat selection by cattle, there is a gap in our understanding of cattle use, or occupancy, in riparian zones. As part of a long-term, multi-disciplinary project in a semi-arid riparian system in Oregon, USA, we collected 4 yr (2017-2020) of cattle telemetry data to identify factors affecting riparian use by cattle. We used beta regression in a Bayesian hierarchical framework to model the daily proportion of cattle locations in the riparian zone. We hypothesized that riparian use would 1) increase with increasing Julian date, temperature, solar radiation, days in pasture, and days since herding, and 2) decrease with higher humidity and precipitation. The best model predicted that use was greater with increasing days since herding, number of days grazing in a pasture, and Julian date, and lower as relative humidity increased. Daily riparian use by cattle averaged 0.167 (SD = 0.180) across years and pastures. The final model performed well, based on k-fold cross validation (Pearson's correlation = 0.72; 90% CI from 0.66 to 0.77). Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering management strategies (herding, grazing seasons) that affect riparian use by cattle, in tandem with weather, pasture characteristics, and other factors, and can be used in decision support systems to guide riparian grazing management.

由于河岸生态系统因其多样化的生态服务而受到高度重视，过去和现在对河岸地带的干扰已经导致了广泛的恢复努力、诉讼和对牲畜放牧影响的合规监测。更好地了解影响牛河岸利用的因素，特别是在支持受威胁或濒危鱼类的景观中，可以改善对可持续放牧系统的管理结果和河岸恢复的预测。虽然已发表的模型预测了牛对栖息地的选择，但我们对牛在河岸地带的使用或占用的理解存在差距。作为美国俄勒冈州半干旱河岸系统长期多学科项目的一部分，我们收集了4年（2017-2020）的牛遥测数据，以确定影响牛利用河岸的因素。我们在贝叶斯层次框架中使用β回归模型来模拟河岸带牛的日分布比例。我们假设河岸的利用会随着儒略日、温度、太阳辐射、放牧天数和放牧后天数的增加而增加，而随着湿度和降水的增加而减少。最佳模型预测，随着放牧天数、放牧天数和儒略历的增加，牧草的利用程度越大，相对湿度的增加则越低。牛在不同年份和牧场的日河岸利用平均为0.167（标准差 = 0.180）。最终模型表现良好，基于k-fold交叉验证(Pearson’s correlation = 0.72；90% CI从0.66到0.77)。我们的研究结果表明，考虑影响牛利用河岸的管理策略（放牧、放牧季节）与天气、牧场特征和其他因素的重要性，并可用于指导河岸放牧管理的决策支持系统。

{"title":"Modeling Riparian Use by Cattle – Influence of Management, Season, and Weather","authors":"Mary M. Rowland , Ryan M. Nielson , David W. Bohnert , Bryan A. Endress , Michael J. Wisdom , Joshua P. Averett","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Because riparian ecosystems are highly valued for their diverse ecological services, past and ongoing disturbances in riparian zones have led to extensive restoration efforts, litigation, and compliance monitoring of the effects of livestock grazing. Better understanding of the factors that influence cattle riparian use, especially in landscapes supporting threatened or endangered fish, could lead to improved predictions of management outcomes and riparian recovery for sustainable grazing systems. Although published models predict habitat selection by cattle, there is a gap in our understanding of cattle use, or occupancy, in riparian zones. As part of a long-term, multi-disciplinary project in a semi-arid riparian system in Oregon, USA, we collected 4 yr (2017-2020) of cattle telemetry data to identify factors affecting riparian use by cattle. We used beta regression in a Bayesian hierarchical framework to model the daily proportion of cattle locations in the riparian zone. We hypothesized that riparian use would 1) increase with increasing Julian date, temperature, solar radiation, days in pasture, and days since herding, and 2) decrease with higher humidity and precipitation. The best model predicted that use was greater with increasing days since herding, number of days grazing in a pasture, and Julian date, and lower as relative humidity increased. Daily riparian use by cattle averaged 0.167 (SD = 0.180) across years and pastures. The final model performed well, based on k-fold cross validation (Pearson's correlation = 0.72; 90% CI from 0.66 to 0.77). Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering management strategies (herding, grazing seasons) that affect riparian use by cattle, in tandem with weather, pasture characteristics, and other factors, and can be used in decision support systems to guide riparian grazing management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 419-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postfire Seeding of Native Compared With Introduced Bunchgrasses Followed 3 Yr Later With Invasive Annual Grass Control 火后播种与引种禾本科禾本科3年后与入侵禾本科防治的比较

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.030

Kirk W. Davies, Chad S. Boyd, Lauren N. Svejcar, Jon D. Bates

Invasive annual grasses threaten the ecological integrity of the sagebrush ecosystem, often increasing when wildfires or other disturbances reduce perennial vegetation. In response to this threat, perennial bunchgrasses are often seeded after wildfire. Because of greater success in establishment, introduced bunchgrasses are often selected for seeding instead of commercially available native bunchgrasses. However, locally sourced native bunchgrasses appear to establish better than generally expected for commercially available native bunchgrasses but introduced bunchgrasses still establish better and result in greater suppression of invasive annual grasses. In areas where native bunchgrasses have been established from seeding but annual grass abundance remains high, selective control of annual grasses may improve success. Comparisons between areas where locally sourced native and introduced bunchgrasses were seeded and established, followed by annual grass control, are lacking. We investigated vegetation characteristics in areas drill-seeded with introduced compared with locally sourced native bunchgrasses after a wildfire that received selective annual grass control (imazapic application) 3 yr after seeding. Treatments that were seeded with locally sourced native or introduced bunchgrasses followed by spraying imazapic increased bunchgrass cover and density compared with areas not seeded but sprayed with imazapic. Bunchgrass cover and density were greater in areas seeded with introduced compared with native bunchgrasses and sprayed with imazapic. Invasive annual grass abundance was reduced with seeding introduced bunchgrasses followed with imazapic application, but not with seeding locally sourced native bunchgrasses followed with spraying imazapic. These results suggest that locally sourced native bunchgrasses have the potential for restoration success, but research needs to determine what follow-up treatments (e.g., additional seeding, longer-term annual grass control, and more diverse seed mixes) are needed to further promote perennial vegetation abundance and increase resistance to annual grasses to achieve similar outcomes as seeding introduced bunchgrasses.

入侵的一年生草威胁着山艾属植物生态系统的生态完整性，当野火或其他干扰减少多年生植被时，这种威胁往往会增加。为了应对这种威胁，多年生束草经常在野火后播种。由于在种植上取得了更大的成功，通常选择引进的束草而不是市售的本地束草进行播种。然而，本地采购的本土束草似乎比一般预期的更好，但引进的束草仍然更好地建立，并对入侵的一年生草产生更大的抑制。在从播种开始就建立了本地束草，但一年生草丰度仍然很高的地区，选择性控制一年生草可能会提高成功率。缺乏对从当地采购的本地禾草和引进的禾草进行播种和种植，然后每年进行禾草控制的地区进行比较。我们研究了在野火发生后，在播种3年后进行选择性年度控草（imazapic施用）的地区，与引进的钻孔播种地区的植被特征进行了比较。与未播种但喷洒异氮吡嗪的地区相比，播种本地或引进的禾草后喷洒异氮吡嗪的处理增加了禾草的盖度和密度。引种灌种区束草的盖度和密度均高于本地束草灌种区。播种引种禾草后施用异氮吡嗪可降低入侵禾草年丰度，而播种本地禾草后施用异氮吡嗪则不会降低入侵禾草年丰度。这些结果表明，本地种植的束草具有恢复成功的潜力，但需要研究确定需要什么样的后续处理（例如，额外播种、长期的一年生草控制和更多样化的种子混合）来进一步促进多年生植被丰富度，增加对一年生草的抗性，以达到与播种引入束草相似的结果。

{"title":"Postfire Seeding of Native Compared With Introduced Bunchgrasses Followed 3 Yr Later With Invasive Annual Grass Control","authors":"Kirk W. Davies, Chad S. Boyd, Lauren N. Svejcar, Jon D. Bates","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive annual grasses threaten the ecological integrity of the sagebrush ecosystem, often increasing when wildfires or other disturbances reduce perennial vegetation. In response to this threat, perennial bunchgrasses are often seeded after wildfire. Because of greater success in establishment, introduced bunchgrasses are often selected for seeding instead of commercially available native bunchgrasses. However, locally sourced native bunchgrasses appear to establish better than generally expected for commercially available native bunchgrasses but introduced bunchgrasses still establish better and result in greater suppression of invasive annual grasses. In areas where native bunchgrasses have been established from seeding but annual grass abundance remains high, selective control of annual grasses may improve success. Comparisons between areas where locally sourced native and introduced bunchgrasses were seeded and established, followed by annual grass control, are lacking. We investigated vegetation characteristics in areas drill-seeded with introduced compared with locally sourced native bunchgrasses after a wildfire that received selective annual grass control (imazapic application) 3 yr after seeding. Treatments that were seeded with locally sourced native or introduced bunchgrasses followed by spraying imazapic increased bunchgrass cover and density compared with areas not seeded but sprayed with imazapic. Bunchgrass cover and density were greater in areas seeded with introduced compared with native bunchgrasses and sprayed with imazapic. Invasive annual grass abundance was reduced with seeding introduced bunchgrasses followed with imazapic application, but not with seeding locally sourced native bunchgrasses followed with spraying imazapic. These results suggest that locally sourced native bunchgrasses have the potential for restoration success, but research needs to determine what follow-up treatments (e.g., additional seeding, longer-term annual grass control, and more diverse seed mixes) are needed to further promote perennial vegetation abundance and increase resistance to annual grasses to achieve similar outcomes as seeding introduced bunchgrasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 146-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant Richness, Species Assessment, and Ecology in the M'goun Geopark Rangelands, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco 摩洛哥高阿特拉斯山脉M'goun地质公园牧场植物丰富度、物种评估与生态学

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.022

Youssef Gharnit , Abdelaziz Moujane , Aboubakre Outourakhte , Ikhmerdi Hassan , Kaoutar El Amraoui , Aziz Hasib , Abdelali Boulli

The Moroccan rangelands face significant threats, yet their species assessment and ecology remain understudied. Hence, the M'Goun Geopark was selected as a case study. Species were sampled using the stratified sampling approach combined with floristic habitat sampling. Nonparametric diversity and evenness indices were employed to estimate diversity. Subsequently, species were evaluated against IUCN status, endemism, and rarity. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and hierarchical clustering techniques were applied to explore plant communities. Concurrently, the ecology of these rangeland communities was examined. The Geopark rangelands support exceptional biodiversity, harboring 12.03% of Morocco's plant species, totaling 509 species. The Asteraceae family is the most prominent, followed by the Fabaceae and Poaceae. The nonparametric estimator Chao 2 estimates 543.24 species, and Jackknife 1 estimates 566.48 species. In addition, the assessment revealed the precarious state of biodiversity in the Geopark. A concerning 27.73% of the assessed species are threatened according to the IUCN, and a significant portion (74.45%) lack proper evaluation. The endemism rate is 21%, with nearly half (49.5%) of these endemic species restricted solely to Morocco. Rarity criteria indicate a 17.43% rarity rate, including 8.4% considered very rare, 4.42% rare, 8.78% suspected rare, and three vulnerable. These species form 13 associations within the QUERCETEA ILICIS class, distributed across various ecological conditions and occupying elevations between 540 m and 3700 m. The bioclimate ranges from semi-arid to subhumid. Climate parameters vary considerably, with precipitation ranging from 247.13 mm to 733.83 mm, Tmin oscillating from -0.65°C to 12.69°C, and Tmax spanning between 11.42°C and 25.66°C. The associations occupy Thermomediterranean to Oromediterranean vegetation levels, particularly in limestone, clay, and sandstone substrates. Our findings reveal that these rangelands are at the epicenter of Anthropocene challenges, particularly concerning biodiversity decline, as numerous species face threats and vulnerability. Consequently, urgent conservation and monitoring plans are essential.

摩洛哥牧场面临重大威胁，但其物种评估和生态仍未得到充分研究。因此，我们选择了M'Goun地质公园作为研究案例。采用分层取样与区系生境取样相结合的方法进行物种取样。采用非参数多样性指数和均匀性指数来估计多样性。随后，根据IUCN状态、特有性和稀有性对物种进行了评估。采用去趋势对应分析（DCA）和分层聚类技术对植物群落进行了分析。同时，对这些草地群落的生态学进行了研究。地质公园的牧场支持着非凡的生物多样性，拥有摩洛哥12.03%的植物物种，共计509种。菊科是最突出的，其次是豆科和豆科。非参数估计器Chao 2估计543.24种，Jackknife 1估计566.48种。此外，评价结果显示地质公园生物多样性处于不稳定状态。根据IUCN的评估，27.73%的物种受到威胁，其中很大一部分（74.45%）缺乏适当的评估。特有率为21%，其中近一半（49.5%）的特有种仅局限于摩洛哥。罕见度标准显示罕见率为17.43%，其中8.4%认为非常罕见，4.42%罕见，8.78%疑似罕见，三个易危。这些物种在QUERCETEA ILICIS类中形成13个组合，分布在不同的生态条件下，海拔在540米到3700米之间。生物气候范围从半干旱到半湿润。气候参数变化较大，降水量在247.13 ~ 733.83 mm之间，最小气温在-0.65 ~ 12.69℃之间波动，最大气温在11.42 ~ 25.66℃之间波动。这些组合占据了温地中海到欧地中海的植被水平，特别是在石灰岩、粘土和砂岩基质中。我们的研究结果表明，这些牧场是人类世挑战的中心，特别是在生物多样性下降方面，因为许多物种面临威胁和脆弱性。因此，紧急保护和监测计划是必不可少的。

{"title":"Plant Richness, Species Assessment, and Ecology in the M'goun Geopark Rangelands, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco","authors":"Youssef Gharnit , Abdelaziz Moujane , Aboubakre Outourakhte , Ikhmerdi Hassan , Kaoutar El Amraoui , Aziz Hasib , Abdelali Boulli","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Moroccan rangelands face significant threats, yet their species assessment and ecology remain understudied. Hence, the M'Goun Geopark was selected as a case study. Species were sampled using the stratified sampling approach combined with floristic habitat sampling. Nonparametric diversity and evenness indices were employed to estimate diversity. Subsequently, species were evaluated against IUCN status, endemism, and rarity. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and hierarchical clustering techniques were applied to explore plant communities. Concurrently, the ecology of these rangeland communities was examined. The Geopark rangelands support exceptional biodiversity, harboring 12.03% of Morocco's plant species, totaling 509 species. The Asteraceae family is the most prominent, followed by the Fabaceae and Poaceae. The nonparametric estimator Chao 2 estimates 543.24 species, and Jackknife 1 estimates 566.48 species. In addition, the assessment revealed the precarious state of biodiversity in the Geopark. A concerning 27.73% of the assessed species are threatened according to the IUCN, and a significant portion (74.45%) lack proper evaluation. The endemism rate is 21%, with nearly half (49.5%) of these endemic species restricted solely to Morocco. Rarity criteria indicate a 17.43% rarity rate, including 8.4% considered very rare, 4.42% rare, 8.78% suspected rare, and three vulnerable. These species form 13 associations within the <em>QUERCETEA ILICIS</em> class, distributed across various ecological conditions and occupying elevations between 540 m and 3700 m. The bioclimate ranges from semi-arid to subhumid. Climate parameters vary considerably, with precipitation ranging from 247.13 mm to 733.83 mm, Tmin oscillating from -0.65°C to 12.69°C, and Tmax spanning between 11.42°C and 25.66°C. The associations occupy Thermomediterranean to Oromediterranean vegetation levels, particularly in limestone, clay, and sandstone substrates. Our findings reveal that these rangelands are at the epicenter of Anthropocene challenges, particularly concerning biodiversity decline, as numerous species face threats and vulnerability. Consequently, urgent conservation and monitoring plans are essential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 357-376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using Targeted Grazing to Close the Phenological Niche Exploited by Invasive Annual Bromes 利用定向放牧关闭入侵的一年生雀梅利用的物候生态位

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.024

Julie A. Kray , Dana M. Blumenthal , Mitchell B. Stephenson , Lauren M. Porensky , David J. Augustine , Seth J. Romero , Matt C. Mortenson , Justin D. Derner

Phenological differences between native and invasive plants can facilitate invasion, but can also be targeted by management. In the western Great Plains of North America, the invasive annual grasses Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and B. arvensis (field brome) begin and end growth earlier than native competitors, providing an opportunity for targeted grazing. However, managers need to know when grazers preferentially consume or avoid annual bromes. We implemented spring targeted grazing for 4 years and quantified temporal cattle consumption patterns at two mixedgrass prairie sites in Wyoming and Nebraska, USA. We used fecal DNA metabarcoding to measure consumption of annual bromes and coexisting native species twice per week. Concurrently, we measured plant phenology, forage quality, and biomass. Within years, brome consumption was predicted effectively using two phenological metrics—plant height and days after seed maturation. Targeted grazing windows, defined as periods with ≥75% of maximum cattle consumption within a year, started when bromes were 9.3 cm (± 3.6 SD) tall, ended one day (± 4 SD) after seed maturation, and lasted 38 d (± 11 SD). Cattle diet quality remained high throughout these grazing windows. Across years, brome consumption ranged from 19% to 55% of total graminoid consumption, and was consistently higher in years when annual bromes grew taller before flowering. Although cattle typically selected for native perennials over annual bromes, spring targeted grazing reduced brome seed production by 30–77% relative to adjacent pastures where grazing began later. These results indicate that simple phenological metrics can predict cattle consumption of bromes during spring, both within and among years. Carefully timing grazing to align with consumption should help managers to control annual bromes and restore native mixedgrass prairie plant communities. More broadly, combining temporal analyses of livestock diets and plant phenology can be useful for precisely targeting grazing of invasive species.

原生植物和入侵植物的物候差异可以促进入侵，但也可以成为管理的目标。在北美西部大平原地区，入侵的一年生草Bromus tectorum L.（野雀草）和B. arvensis（野雀草）比本土竞争对手更早开始和结束生长，为有针对性的放牧提供了机会。然而，管理者需要知道食草动物什么时候会优先食用或避免一年生雀稗。在美国怀俄明州和内布拉斯加州的两个混合草原区实施了为期4年的春季定向放牧，并量化了牛的时间消费模式。我们采用粪便DNA元条形码技术，每周两次测量一年生雀稗和共存的本地物种的消耗。同时，我们测量了植物物候、饲料质量和生物量。利用两种物候指标——株高和种子成熟后天数，有效地预测了年内溴雀花的消费量。目标放牧窗口定义为一年内牛最大消费量≥75%的时间段，从雀稗高9.3 cm（±3.6 SD）开始，在种子成熟后1天（±4 SD）结束，持续38 d（±11 SD）。在放牧期间，牛的日粮质量保持在较高水平。多年来，雀麦消费量占禾本科总消费量的19%至55%，并且在一年生雀麦在开花前长高的年份中一直较高。虽然牛通常选择本地多年生植物而不是一年生雀麦，但与放牧较晚的邻近牧场相比，春季定向放牧使雀麦种子产量减少了30-77%。这些结果表明，简单的物候指标可以预测牛在春季的雀稗消费量，无论是年内还是年内。仔细安排放牧时间，使其与消耗保持一致，这将有助于管理者控制一年生雀稗，恢复原生混合草草原植物群落。更广泛地说，结合牲畜饮食和植物物候的时间分析可以帮助精确定位入侵物种的放牧。

{"title":"Using Targeted Grazing to Close the Phenological Niche Exploited by Invasive Annual Bromes","authors":"Julie A. Kray , Dana M. Blumenthal , Mitchell B. Stephenson , Lauren M. Porensky , David J. Augustine , Seth J. Romero , Matt C. Mortenson , Justin D. Derner","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenological differences between native and invasive plants can facilitate invasion, but can also be targeted by management. In the western Great Plains of North America, the invasive annual grasses <em>Bromus tectorum</em> L. (cheatgrass) and <em>B. arvensis</em> (field brome) begin and end growth earlier than native competitors, providing an opportunity for targeted grazing. However, managers need to know when grazers preferentially consume or avoid annual bromes. We implemented spring targeted grazing for 4 years and quantified temporal cattle consumption patterns at two mixedgrass prairie sites in Wyoming and Nebraska, USA. We used fecal DNA metabarcoding to measure consumption of annual bromes and coexisting native species twice per week. Concurrently, we measured plant phenology, forage quality, and biomass. Within years, brome consumption was predicted effectively using two phenological metrics—plant height and days after seed maturation. Targeted grazing windows, defined as periods with ≥75% of maximum cattle consumption within a year, started when bromes were 9.3 cm (± 3.6 SD) tall, ended one day (± 4 SD) after seed maturation, and lasted 38 d (± 11 SD). Cattle diet quality remained high throughout these grazing windows. Across years, brome consumption ranged from 19% to 55% of total graminoid consumption, and was consistently higher in years when annual bromes grew taller before flowering. Although cattle typically selected for native perennials over annual bromes, spring targeted grazing reduced brome seed production by 30–77% relative to adjacent pastures where grazing began later. These results indicate that simple phenological metrics can predict cattle consumption of bromes during spring, both within and among years. Carefully timing grazing to align with consumption should help managers to control annual bromes and restore native mixedgrass prairie plant communities. More broadly, combining temporal analyses of livestock diets and plant phenology can be useful for precisely targeting grazing of invasive species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 441-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Building Ranch Resilience to Drought: Management Capacity, Planning, and Adaptive Learning During California's 2012–2016 Drought 建设牧场抗旱能力：加州2012-2016年干旱期间的管理能力、规划和适应性学习

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.009

Grace Woodmansee , Dan Macon , Tracy Schohr , Leslie Roche

Drought is one of the most complex and destructive natural hazards for rangeland managers to cope with given its inherently variable spatial and temporal impacts. California's devastating 2012–2016 drought highlights a critical need to develop adaptive strategies for coping with an increasingly variable climate. During the 2012–2016 drought, we interviewed 48 California ranchers to assess both on-ranch drought impacts and the effectiveness of implemented drought management practices. Three themes were identified based on the Adaptive Decision-Making Framework: 1) management capacity (i.e., operator demographics and operation structure), 2) drought planning and flexibility, and 3) adaptive learning (i.e., impacts experienced and effectiveness of drought management practices). Ranchers underscored the significance of drought planning, flexible management strategies, and prior experience as key factors that enabled them to navigate the 2012–2016 drought. In addition, ranchers described how explicit, proactive planning informed drought management decisions that prioritized long-term economic and ecological resilience. Although multispecies grazing was the least used proactive practice, it was identified as the most effective proactive practice by interviewed ranchers who had adopted it as a drought management tool (4.38 out of five effectiveness ranking; eight operators). Multispecies grazers (MSGs) significantly differed from single-species grazers (SSGs) in adoption of several reactive drought management practices, suggesting MSGs potentially have greater flexibility in coping with and adapting to drought. Resurgent strategies that prioritize management flexibility to mitigate drought impacts, such as multispecies grazing, may offer promise in helping ranchers adapt to future droughts. Interviewed ranchers emphasized that forward planning, including a range of proactive and reactive management strategies, were key in building flexibility and, ultimately, their resilience to drought.

干旱是牧场管理者面临的最复杂、最具破坏性的自然灾害之一，其内在的空间和时间影响是多变的。加州2012-2016年的灾难性干旱凸显了制定适应策略以应对日益变化的气候的迫切需要。在2012-2016年干旱期间，我们采访了48位加州牧场主，以评估牧场干旱影响和实施干旱管理措施的有效性。基于适应性决策框架确定了三个主题：1)管理能力（即操作员人口统计和操作结构），2)干旱规划和灵活性，以及3)适应性学习（即干旱管理实践的影响和有效性）。牧场主强调了干旱规划、灵活的管理策略和以往经验的重要性，这些是使他们能够度过2012-2016年干旱的关键因素。此外，牧场主描述了明确的、积极的规划如何为干旱管理决策提供信息，优先考虑长期经济和生态恢复能力。尽管多物种放牧是使用最少的主动措施，但被采访的牧场主认为是最有效的主动措施，他们将其作为干旱管理工具（4.38分）。8运营商)。多物种食草动物与单物种食草动物在应对干旱管理方面存在显著差异，表明多物种食草动物在应对和适应干旱方面可能具有更大的灵活性。优先考虑管理灵活性以减轻干旱影响的重新兴起的战略，如多物种放牧，可能为帮助牧场主适应未来的干旱提供了希望。受访的牧场主强调，前瞻性规划，包括一系列主动和被动的管理战略，是建立灵活性和最终抵御干旱能力的关键。

{"title":"Building Ranch Resilience to Drought: Management Capacity, Planning, and Adaptive Learning During California's 2012–2016 Drought","authors":"Grace Woodmansee , Dan Macon , Tracy Schohr , Leslie Roche","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought is one of the most complex and destructive natural hazards for rangeland managers to cope with given its inherently variable spatial and temporal impacts. California's devastating 2012–2016 drought highlights a critical need to develop adaptive strategies for coping with an increasingly variable climate. During the 2012–2016 drought, we interviewed 48 California ranchers to assess both on-ranch drought impacts and the effectiveness of implemented drought management practices. Three themes were identified based on the Adaptive Decision-Making Framework: 1) management capacity (i.e., operator demographics and operation structure), 2) drought planning and flexibility, and 3) adaptive learning (i.e., impacts experienced and effectiveness of drought management practices). Ranchers underscored the significance of drought planning, flexible management strategies, and prior experience as key factors that enabled them to navigate the 2012–2016 drought. In addition, ranchers described how explicit, proactive planning informed drought management decisions that prioritized long-term economic and ecological resilience. Although multispecies grazing was the least used proactive practice, it was identified as the most effective proactive practice by interviewed ranchers who had adopted it as a drought management tool (4.38 out of five effectiveness ranking; eight operators). Multispecies grazers (MSGs) significantly differed from single-species grazers (SSGs) in adoption of several reactive drought management practices, suggesting MSGs potentially have greater flexibility in coping with and adapting to drought. Resurgent strategies that prioritize management flexibility to mitigate drought impacts, such as multispecies grazing, may offer promise in helping ranchers adapt to future droughts. Interviewed ranchers emphasized that forward planning, including a range of proactive and reactive management strategies, were key in building flexibility and, ultimately, their resilience to drought.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Remote Sensing of Cattle Dung: Detection, Classification, and Spatial Analysis of Distribution 基于无人机的牛粪遥感：检测、分类与分布空间分析

IF 2.4 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Rangeland Ecology & Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.002

Amanda E. Shine , Martha Mamo , Gandura O. Abagandura , Walt Schacht , Jerry Volesky , Brian Wardlow

Documenting the distribution of cattle dung across grazed pastures is an important part of understanding nutrient cycling processes in grasslands. However, investigation of distributions at adequate spatial scales and over extended time periods is hindered by the lack of a time- and cost-efficient method for documenting and monitoring dung pat locations. To address this research challenge, an unmanned aerial vehicle and multispectral sensor were used to identify and classify dung pats. Imagery was collected on 12 flights over a subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills, in which two different grazing strategies were being evaluated: an ultrahigh stocking density and a low stocking density. The images were classified using supervised classification with a support vector machine algorithm, and post-classification accuracy was assessed using a confusion matrix. In addition, Ripley’s K was used to identify high-density dung areas at varying densities and spatial extents. The classification had an overall accuracy of 82.6% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.71. The user’s accuracy of dung classification was higher (0.91) than the producer’s (0.73). The majority of classification errors were related to the misclassification of dung as vegetation, often in spectrally complex areas where shadowing affected the ability of the classifier to correctly identify dung. Classification accuracy declined precipitously after dung reached 10-14 d of age, both because of the change in spectral reflectance due to drying and because of the regrowth of vegetation. The density-based cluster analysis found no clustering in the low stocking density treatment; dung in the ultra-high stocking density treatment was most frequently found to be clustered near water sources, in corners, and near supplement feeders. This approach to dung identification, mapping, and spatial cluster analysis is a promising alternative to existing methods and deserves further exploration at additional spatial scales and in diverse ecological settings using current technologies.

记录放牧草场中牛粪的分布是了解草地养分循环过程的重要组成部分。然而，在适当的空间尺度和较长的时间内调查分布受到缺乏时间和成本效益的方法来记录和监测粪块位置的阻碍。为了解决这一研究挑战，使用无人机和多光谱传感器对粪块进行识别和分类。在内布拉斯加州沙丘的一个地下灌溉草地上收集了12架飞机的图像，对两种不同的放牧策略进行了评估：超高放养密度和低放养密度。使用支持向量机算法对图像进行监督分类，并使用混淆矩阵评估分类后的准确率。此外，采用Ripley’s K识别不同密度和空间范围的高密度粪区。分类总体准确率为82.6%，Kappa系数为0.71。用户粪分类准确率（0.91）高于生产者粪分类准确率（0.73）。大多数分类错误与粪便作为植被的错误分类有关，通常在光谱复杂的地区，阴影影响分类器正确识别粪便的能力。粪龄达到10 ~ 14 d后，分类精度急剧下降，这既有干燥引起的光谱反射率变化的原因，也有植被再生的原因。基于密度的聚类分析发现，低放养密度处理无聚类；超高放养密度处理的粪便最常聚集在水源附近、角落和补充饲料附近。这种粪便识别、制图和空间聚类分析的方法是现有方法的一个有希望的替代方法，值得在其他空间尺度和利用现有技术在不同的生态环境中进一步探索。

{"title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle–Based Remote Sensing of Cattle Dung: Detection, Classification, and Spatial Analysis of Distribution","authors":"Amanda E. Shine , Martha Mamo , Gandura O. Abagandura , Walt Schacht , Jerry Volesky , Brian Wardlow","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rama.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Documenting the distribution of cattle dung across grazed pastures is an important part of understanding nutrient cycling processes in grasslands. However, investigation of distributions at adequate spatial scales and over extended time periods is hindered by the lack of a time- and cost-efficient method for documenting and monitoring dung pat locations. To address this research challenge, an unmanned aerial vehicle and multispectral sensor were used to identify and classify dung pats. Imagery was collected on 12 flights over a subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills, in which two different grazing strategies were being evaluated: an ultrahigh stocking density and a low stocking density. The images were classified using supervised classification with a support vector machine algorithm, and post-classification accuracy was assessed using a confusion matrix. In addition, Ripley’s K was used to identify high-density dung areas at varying densities and spatial extents. The classification had an overall accuracy of 82.6% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.71. The user’s accuracy of dung classification was higher (0.91) than the producer’s (0.73). The majority of classification errors were related to the misclassification of dung as vegetation, often in spectrally complex areas where shadowing affected the ability of the classifier to correctly identify dung. Classification accuracy declined precipitously after dung reached 10-14 d of age, both because of the change in spectral reflectance due to drying and because of the regrowth of vegetation. The density-based cluster analysis found no clustering in the low stocking density treatment; dung in the ultra-high stocking density treatment was most frequently found to be clustered near water sources, in corners, and near supplement feeders. This approach to dung identification, mapping, and spatial cluster analysis is a promising alternative to existing methods and deserves further exploration at additional spatial scales and in diverse ecological settings using current technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49634,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Ecology & Management","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 192-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0