Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between attempted suicide and depression, non-suicidal self-injury, temperament, defence styles, and impulsivity.

Method: The study included 60 individuals aged 18-60 years who had attempted suicide (30 diagnosed with depressive disorder and 30 without mental disorder), recruited from referrals, walk-in clinics, and inpatients, all of whom had normal mental capacity, were not using drugs that could affect cognitive functions, and had no physical or neurological disease, as well as 30 healthy controls. The Temperament Evaluation Inventory, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered to all participants. The Tower of London test and the Go/NoGo test were applied as neuropsychological tests.

Results: The suicide attempters were found to have higher levels of dysthymic temperament (p=0.003), irritable temperament (p=0.025), anxious temperament (p=0.008), and non suicidal self-injury (p=0.000) than the healthy controls. Those with a history of attempted suicide used immature defences more than the healthy controls (p=0.003). In the group of all attempted suicides, the scores for attention deficits and impulsivity were found to be higher than those of the healthy controls. The Go/NoGo test was determined to be able to differentiate those with attempted suicide from the controls (p=0.041).

Conclusions: The study findings showed that temperament characteristics, non-suicidal self-injury, executive function deficits, and impulsivity could be risk factors for suicide attempts. Depressed suicide attempters exhibited greater deficits in planning and problem-solving.This study provides evidence regarding the usability of neurocognitive tests in evaluating future suicide risk. Key Words: Attempted suicide, temperament, defence styles, executive functions, non-suicidal self-injury.

Objective: Childhood maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for the development of mental disorders. Interpretation bias has been proposed as a potential mechanism mediating the relationship between childhood maltreatment and subsequent psychopathology. This study investigated differences in interpretation bias and psychopathology symptoms based on experiences of childhood abuse and neglect. It also examined whether interpretation bias mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and symptoms of psychopathology using network analysis.

Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 123 university students aged 19 to 25 participated. Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Maltreatment Experiences Scale, and psychopathological symptoms were measured with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Interpretation bias was assessed using a facial emotion judgment task involving morphed anger-happiness and anger-sadness expressions presented at varying intensity levels.

Results: Participants with a history of abuse were more likely to interpret ambiguous anger-happiness expressions as anger, especially at the most ambiguous levels, and reported higher symptoms across all domains of psychopathology compared to those without maltreatment experiences. Participants with a history of neglect showed elevated depression and paranoid ideation but did not show significant interpretation bias. Network analysis revealed that abuse was directly connected to interpretation bias, somatization, and phobic anxiety. Interpretation bias and somatization served as bridge nodes, with anxiety emerging as the most central symptom.

Conclusions: Interpretation bias may serve as a transdiagnostic factor linking childhood abuse to various forms of psychopathology, highlighting its importance for early identification and intervention in individuals with childhood abuse histories.

Objective: Identification-the experience of perceiving oneself as like another-is a central process in human relatedness, empathy, and emotion regulation. Although well-established in psychoanalytic and developmental theory, its function under stress and trauma has received limited systematic attention. This paper integrates interpersonal, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives to conceptualize identification as a core mental operation and to propose thinking by similarity as its underlying cognitive process.

Method: Through focused conceptual synthesis, the manuscript draws on psychoanalytic, developmental, social-cognitive, and neurobiological research to examine the origins, mechanisms, and manifestations of identification across the life span and following high-stress and traumatic events.

Results: Identification emerges early in development through attachment and imitation, shaping empathy and social understanding. Neurobiological evidence, including mirror neurons and limbic system activation, demonstrates shared brain activations that ground identification biologically. Under threat or trauma, cognition may shift to thinking by similarity, facilitating appraisal of safety and danger but also increasing vulnerability to distress and cognitive rigidity. Following traumatic events, this process may yield adaptive empathy and solidarity or maladaptive over-identification with victims and aggressors and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Conclusions: Identification is a fundamental psychological and neurobiological process. The concept of identification as thinking by similarity offers a unifying linking of psychodynamic, developmental, and neurobiological models. This framework advances understanding of empathy, resilience, and vulnerability under stress, with implications for trauma-informed clinical practice and research.

Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been identified as a prevalent behavior among adolescents, particularly those with major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study sought to examine differences in neurocognition, social cognition, negative urgency (NU)-the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative emotions-and anxiety among adolescents with MDD and NSSI, MDD without NSSI, and healthy controls.

Method: A total of 204 adolescents (aged 11-17 years; 161 girls [78.9%], 43 boys [21.1%]) were divided into three groups: (1) MDD with NSSI, (2) MDD without NSSI, and (3) healthy controls. Participants completed psychiatric assessments, computerized neurocognitive tests, emotion recognition tasks, and self-report measures of NU and anxiety. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Descriptive statistics included frequencies for categorical variables and medians for continuous variables. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square-based tests and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Logistic regression identified predictors of NSSI, with significance set at p < .05.

Results: Adolescents with MDD exhibited significant deficits in executive function and episodic memory, as well as elevated NU and anxiety, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, adolescents with MDD and NSSI reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (particularly panic symptoms) and NU compared to those with MDD alone.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional difficulties, particularly impulsivity and panic symptoms, play a crucial role in NSSI among adolescents with MDD rather than cognitive disturbance, highlighting potential targets for prevention and intervention efforts.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between insight, cognition, and daily living functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Fifty-six clinically stable patients with schizophrenia were evaluated for clinical symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Self-rated insight was assessed using the Insight Scale for Psychosis (ISP), while the interviewer-rated insight was determined by the PANSS item G12 score. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA) were used to assess participants' cognitive and daily living functions. We also performed correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results: The MCCB's social cognition domain and several UPSA components-communication, comprehension/planning, household skills, and total score-correlated significantly with interviewer-rated insight. In the linear regression analysis, communication and comprehension/planning domains of UPSA significantly predicted interviewer-rated insight after adjusting for additional variables.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant correlations between insight and both cognitive and daily living functions in patients with schizophrenia. Social cognition, communication, and comprehension abilities were associated with insight and should be factored in when implementing rehabilitation, including psychoeducation.

Objective: The present study aims to examine the predictive role of perceived stress (PS) and family climate (FC) on individuals' aggression levels during compulsory isolation amid the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: Data were collected from a Turkish sample (N = 1055) using the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale, Family Climate Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed for data analysis.Results: The results showed that the duration of isolation was positively associated with PS and aggression, and negatively associated with FC. Moreover, aggression was positively associated with PS and negatively associated with FC. These findings suggest that individuals experienced elevated stress levels and weakened family climates during compulsory isolation, which in turn significantly increased their aggressive tendencies.Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of targeted psychosocial interventions to reduce stress and aggression and to strengthen family climate during isolation periods.

BackgroundAlthough prior observational studies have indicated an association between depression and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), the underlying causal relationship remains unclear. Methods: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the causal link between depression and ARDs. Genetic data for both depression and ARDs were obtained from publicly available genetic datasets. Instrumental variables were chosen as independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to each condition. The main analysis employed the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by MR-Egger regression and the weighted median approach to strengthen the robustness of the findings. Results: The IVW analysis identified a significant link between depression and a heightened risk of several ARDs: Sjögren's syndrome (OR = 1.546, p < .001), fibromyalgia syndrome (OR = 5.000, p < .001), psoriasis (OR = 1.185, p = .009), and psoriatic arthritis (OR = 1.333, p = .01). No association was found for rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic polymyalgia, systemic sclerosis, gout, polymyositis, or Behçet's disease. These results were consistent across the MR-Egger and weighted median analyses. The reverse MR analysis found no significant causal effect of any ARD on depression risk. Conclusions: In conclusion, this MR study suggests that individuals with depression are at high risk for certain ARDs, highlighting the importance of timely screening, early detection, and intervention. Additional studies are required to elucidate the exact connection and mechanisms linking depression with particular ARDs.

ObjectiveThe proliferation of access to generative AI tools has the potential to radically alter the process of writing manuscripts. This report evaluates NotebookLM as a tool for conducting a literature review in an ethical and responsible manner. Method: We uploaded 22 relevant papers from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) to NotebookLM and asked questions pertaining to a hypothetical research paper. We investigated the capabilities, limitations, ethical considerations, and privacy implications of using NotebookLM and engaged in a dialogue with the tool through a series of user-written prompts and AI responses. Results: We found that the variability and utility of responsesweres determined in large part by the ability to write meaningful prompts and the extent to which new prompts provided additional information. Investigating how NotebookLM identified key findings enhanced our prompt generation and subsequently the iterative refinement of output to produce information relevant to our mock literature review. Conclusions: The utility of NotebookLM will likely vary by the quality of source material uploaded into the program and the researcher's familiarity with prompt generation. There are a number of benefits and drawbacks to using this tool as a search engine or conversation partner. Ethical considerations and privacy implications of using NotebookLM are discussed.

Objective: The goal of this investigation was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collaborative care intervention delivery for physically injured Spanish-speaking patients admitted to a level I trauma center.

Method: The investigation was a secondary analysis of Spanish-speaking patients embedded within a larger comparative effectiveness trial. Participants were 22 male and female Spanish, non-English, speaking survivors of intentional and unintentional injuries, ages ≥18. Patients who were identified to be at elevated risk on the electronic health record evaluation were screened for ≥1 severe posttraumatic concern, and a score of ≥35 on the DSM-IV PTSD Checklist. Screen positive patients were randomized to collaborative care intervention versus enhanced usual care control conditions. The intervention included care management and evidence-based psychotherapeutic elements and pharmacotherapy targeting PTSD symptoms. The primary outcomes were PTSD symptoms, any post-injury concerns and emergency department/inpatient utilization over the 12-month post-injury period.

Results: The pilot study achieved >75% follow-up rates at 1-3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months post-injury. Elements of the collaborative care intervention were feasibly delivered and acceptable to Spanish-speaking patients. Mixed-model regression analyses revealed no statistically significant intervention or control group differences for any of the three primary outcomes over the course of the 12 months after the injury for the intent-to-treat sample.

Conclusions: A collaborative care intervention for Spanish-speaking injury survivors with PTSD symptoms and multiple post-injury concerns was feasibly and acceptably delivered. The intervention warrants testing with a larger scale, adequately powered, randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The Kahramanmaras Earthquake, which occurred on February 6, 2023, and classified as a major and devastating earthquake, sometimes referred to as the "disaster of the century," resulted in significant destruction and loss in Kahramanmaras and 10 other provinces with magnitudes of 7.8 Mw (±0.1) and 7.5 Mw. This study aims to confirm whether there is a relationship between the academic motivation of students who experienced the earthquake and the psychological complaints they experienced.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 706 volunteer university students who were exposed to the Kahramanmaras earthquake were included. Participants were asked to fill out a sociodemographic data form, the Academic Motivation Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.

Results: Damage to buildings (p = .003), lack of social support (p = .000), having psychological complaints (p = .000), and having experienced another traumatic event before the earthquake (p = .000) were significantly associated with lack of motivation. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between lack of motivation and depressive symptoms (r = 0.368, p < .001), anxious symptoms (r = 0.297, p < .001), and stress (r = 0.327, p < .001).

Conclusions: The study concluded that anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress are related to lack of motivation. Individuals with damaged homes, inadequate social support, and past traumatic experiences constitute a risk group for academic demotivation.