Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

Background: Children with short stature are more likely to have negative social experiences, such as being teased more, being less accepted by peers, and having fewer friends. We aimed to investigate psychosocial problems in adolescents with Idiopathic short stature (ISS) and the relationship between these problems and peer victimization. Methods: The study included 88 participants with newly diagnosed ISS, aged 11-18 years, and 88 age- and sex-matched controls. Participants were assessed with Peer Victimization Scale (PVS), Sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), DSM-5 Level-2 Depression Scale-Self-Report Scale (DDS-2) and DSM-5 Level-2 Anxiety Scale (DAS-2). Results: PVS, SDSC, SAAS, DDS-2 and DAS-2 scores were significantly higher and RSES scores were significantly lower in patients with ISS (p < .05). Regression analysis revealed that low self-esteem and exposure to high levels of teasing and more sleep initiation and maintenance disturbances were associated with social appearance anxiety in patients with ISS (p < .001, Adjusted R² = 22.0%, F = 5.086). Sleep initiation and maintenance problems (p < .001) and sleep-wake transition disorders (p = .002) were found to be higher in patients with ISS. In addition, threatening was found to predict more sleep disturbances in the ISS group (p < .001, F = 6,738). Conclusion: Routine examination of children with ISS in terms of psychosocial problems and intervention methods can contribute positively to the treatment process of children. Intervention methods should focus on preventing peer victimisation and developing coping skills in adolescents with ISS.

Background and objectives: Bullying victimization is strongly associated with adolescent sleep quality; however, the underlying mechanisms between these variables require further exploration. This study aims to elucidate the psychological mechanisms linking bullying victimization and sleep quality by investigating anxiety as a mediating factor and difficulty identifying feelings as a moderating factor.

Methods: A self-reported survey was conducted among 1,407 adolescents in China. The survey assessed bullying victimization, sleep quality, anxiety, and difficulty identifying feelings. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, followed by the construction of a moderated mediation model.

Results: The results showed significant positive correlations between bullying victimization and adolescent sleep quality, anxiety, and difficulty identifying feelings. Additionally, difficulty identifying feelings was significantly positively correlated with sleep quality. Anxiety partially mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and adolescent sleep quality, while difficulty identifying feelings strengthened the relationship between bullying victimization and sleep quality.

Conclusion: This study clarifies the psychological mechanisms linking bullying victimization and adolescent sleep quality, identifying anxiety as a mediator and difficulty identifying feelings as a moderator. The findings highlight the role of emotional factors in this relationship, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. This study underscores the broader significance of emotional regulation in reducing the negative impact of bullying, supporting school-based mental health programs and early interventions. By identifying key psychological factors, it provides valuable insights for educators, parents, and mental health professionals to promote adolescent well-being and healthier sleep patterns.

Objective: Perceived behavioral control over drinking (PBCD) is an important factor in alcohol use, with lower scores linked to higher consumption. Counterfactual thinking (i.e. "If only … then …"), a cognitive strategy that strengthens causal links between antecedents and consequents, may increase PBCD by increasing engagement in Protective Behavioral Strategies (e.g. alternating water and alcohol to minimize negative drinking outcomes). This study examined a brief counterfactual-based intervention and a personalized normative feedback for protective behavioral strategies intervention (PBS-PNF) to increase PBCD among college students, relative to control, across five follow-up weeks.

Method: Undergraduate students (n = 239; 76.6% female) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control (recall negative drinking event), sham (recall and elaborate on negative drinking event), counterfactual (recall negative drinking event and generate counterfactual strategies), or PBS-PNF (estimate peers' use of protective behavioral strategies). PBCD was measured at baseline and at five follow-up sessions.

Results: A Bayesian-approach multi-level model was used to estimate PBCD across follow-up weeks. Those in the counterfactual and PBS-PNF conditions reported greater increases in PBCD across follow-ups compared to those in the sham condition who saw no change. Participants in the control condition saw decreases in PBCD over time. The counterfactual and PBS-PNF conditions did not differ on PBCD across time.

Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of a brief counterfactual-based intervention to increase PBCD among early drinking college students. Specifically, personalized interventions that increase use of protective behavioral strategies may be particularly effective for individuals who have not yet solidified their drinking habits.

Objective: To evaluate perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social support among mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to mothers of typically developing (TD) children following major earthquakes in Türkiye. Additionally, to examine whether perceived social support mediates the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with ASD.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April 2023 and September 2023. The participants consist of mothers of children with ASD (n = 77) and mothers of TD children (n = 122). The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program and Process Macro v3.5 package.

Results: The results of the study showed that mothers of children with ASD had higher stress and depressive symptoms and lower social support than mothers of TD children. It was revealed that the perceived stress predicted 29.0% of the perceived social support (R²). The perceived stress, along with the perceived social support, explained 56.6% of the variation in depressive symptoms in mothers of children with ASD.

Conclusion: Increasing perceived social support for mothers of children with ASD could be an effective way to reduce psychological distress following a disaster.

Objective: The Emergency Department Longitudinal Integrated Care (ED-LINC) randomized clinical trial (NCT05327166) tests a Collaborative Care-informed intervention for emergency department (ED) patients with opioid use disorder. The ED-LINC intervention was developed before the current fentanyl epidemic; less than 10% of ED-LINC pilot intervention patients reported fentanyl use. To understand fentanyl's impact on the ED-LINC protocol, we utilized a systematic rapid qualitative approach to document clinical observations related to ED-LINC patients' fentanyl use and subsequent protocol modifications.

Method: This study utilized Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE) methods to document fentanyl-related clinical observations. As participant observers, the team worked with a mixed methods consultant to analyze observations, informing adaptation to study protocol and intervention.

Results: From 4/12/2022 to 2/10/2023, 86 patients enrolled in the ED-LINC trial. Forty received the ED-LINC intervention and are included in this study. Investigators identified the following themes informing adaptation to the ED-LINC intervention: 1) fentanyl-related suicide risk, 2) fentanyl-catalyzed approach to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD), 3) fentanyl-related adaptations to measurement-based care embedded in the Collaborative Care approach, 4) fentanyl-associated survival needs, and 5) engagement challenges with fentanyl. Adaptations included incorporating overdose prevention into suicide risk assessment, nontraditional MOUD induction, and shifting to a component-driven model.

Conclusions: The landscape of clinical practice can change quickly and may require both researchers and healthcare providers to quickly pivot. Rapid assessment procedures integrated into clinical trial investigation allow for modifications and adaptations to study protocols to ensure salient and generalizable results given the rapidly evolving opioid epidemic.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between self-compassion, mindfulness, emotional factors and multiple sclerosis (MS) related quality of life among the individuals with MS in Istanbul, Turkey.

Results: One hundred and thirteen MS patients participated in this cross-sectional study. In the linear regression model, older age, higher levels of disability, and higher anxiety levels significantly predicted lower MS related quality of life (p = .045, p = .023, p ≤ .001, respectively). Mindfulness component of the self-compassion scale significantly predicted better MS related quality of life (p = .007). The self-kindness and mindfulness subscale scores of the Self-Compassion Scale were positively and significantly correlated with the total scores of the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life Questionnaire (r = .324, p = .003; r = .314, p = .003, respectively).

Discussion: These findings indicate that a high level of self-compassion and mindfulness has a positive impact on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Considering these effects within social dimensions, such as family and friendship, may contribute to improving patients' overall quality of life.

Objective: The armed conflict in Ukraine and its impact on Europe's economy have led to an war and economic crisis, potentially affecting the mental health of women during the perinatal period. This study aimed to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and labor anxiety among Polish women in perinatal period during this crisis.

Methods: From June 2, 2022, to April 11, 2023, 152 women completed three sets of online surveys-two during pregnancy (before 33 weeks and/or between 33 and 37 weeks) and one postpartum (4 weeks after childbirth). The questionnaires used to evaluate the anxiety and depressive symptoms included Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), Labor Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ), and team-developed questionnaires evaluating war-related anxiety (WAQ) and global situation anxiety (GSAQ) Statistical analyses included U-Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Friedman tests and Spearman's correlations, with a significance level set at p < .05.

Results: Among Polish pregnant women aged 23-43, 31.6% of participants experienced depressive symptoms, while 70.4% reported increased labor-related anxiety. Additionally, 24.3% experienced significant anxiety due to the war, and 25% suffered from severe anxiety related to the global situation. Positive correlations were noted between EPDS and GSAQ scores (R = 0.34, p < .001) and LAQ and WAQ scores (R = 0.21, p = .008).

Conclusions: The prevalence of perinatal depression is high during war and economic crisis, underscoring the urgent need to improve screening for perinatal depression in Poland. Further, the manuscript did not discuss symptom patterns across the three time points.

Objective: Emergencies in child and adolescent psychiatry are prevalent, and pediatric psychiatric emergency departments play a crucial role in acute intervention during mental health-related crises. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the characteristics of children and adolescents who were admitted to a pediatric psychiatric emergency department.

Method: The data were collected from the records of 8803 patients (females 56.6%, Mage = 15.07 ± 2.6) admitted to our pediatric psychiatry emergency department between 2014 and 2021. Diagnoses were made using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. We used descriptive statistics to determine patient characteristics and conducted a regression analysis to compare the changes in the admissions numbers by the year.

Results: It was found that depressive disorder was the highest psychiatric diagnosis, with a percentage of 21.4%. Depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder have shown an increase over the years. In 2020, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychiatric admissions reached their lowest level. The percentage of hospitalizations was 21.1% for the total of all years. No significant change was found in the total number of admissions, sex, and age.

Conclusions: The number of admissions for female adolescents who were diagnosed with depressive disorder to our pediatric psychiatry emergency department is shown to be high. The fact that these patients seek help more frequently should be taken into consideration during the planning of mental health services for outpatient and inpatient clinics as well as pediatric psychiatry emergency services.