Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

Objective: Prior research has indicated that outcome expectancies, sensitivity to punishment, and sensitivity to reward may predict harmful health behaviors concurrently, including disordered eating. Loss-of-control eating (LOCE), feeling unable to resist eating or stop once one has started, is associated with expectancies that eating alleviates negative affect (NA reduction expectancies) and expectancies that eating is rewarding (reward expectancies).

Method: A survey battery was administered examining LOCE pathology, sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and eating expectancies to a sample of 1660 adults in the United States (M_age = 39.24 (14.51), 73.86% assigned female at birth). It was hypothesized that sensitivity to punishment would have a potentiating effect on the relationship between NA reduction expectancies and LOCE (a two-way interactive effect). This relationship was theorized to be moderated by the effect of reward sensitivity (a three-way interactive effect), as reward sensitivity has been found to interact with punishment sensitivity. Similarly, reward expectancies on LOCE were thought to be potentiated by sensitivity to reward (a two-way interactive effect) and this relationship was also thought to be influenced by sensitivity to punishment (a three-way interactive effect).

Results: Hypotheses were partially supported. Sensitivity to punishment significantly moderated a two-way interactive relationship between reward sensitivity and reward expectancies on LOCE, attenuating this two-way interaction at low sensitivity to punishment. Similarly, the interaction between sensitivity to punishment and NA reduction expectancies on LOCE was only significant when reward sensitivity was low or at its mean.

Conclusion: Sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward evince nuanced interactions with each other and eating expectancies to predict LOCE. Findings have treatment implications for cognitive interventions in LOCE.

Objective: Insomnia as a disorder on its own or as a symptom of other mental disorders can lead to significant distress and lower quality of life. By exacerbating negative affect and emotion dysregulation, poor sleep and insomnia can contribute to the initiation and maintenance of mental disorders. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between insomnia severity and overall psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, somatization, phobic anxiety, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), and the mediational roles of worry and rumination in this relationship.

Method: The data was collected from a community sample of 1444 participants (females 69.39%, M_age = 27.95, SD = 9.37) who completed self-report measures of insomnia severity, worry, rumination, and psychiatric symptoms. The mediational roles of worry and rumination were tested with mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro.

Results: It was found that insomnia severity (β = 0.20, p < .001) significantly predicted psychiatric symptoms directly and via worry and rumination (β = 0.33, p < .001), meaning that worry and rumination partially mediated the relationship between insomnia severity and psychiatric symptoms. The findings were similar after controlling for smoking status, daily screen time, coffee consumption in the evening, weekly exercise frequency, and pre-sleep screen time.

Conclusions: Interventions targeting the reduction of insomnia severity and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., worry and rumination), as well as the enhancement of adaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., positive refocusing and mindfulness), may alleviate the adverse effects of insomnia on psychiatric symptoms.