Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

ObjectiveThe global surge in adolescent suicide necessitates the development of innovative and efficacious preventive measures. Traditionally, various approaches have been used, but with limited success. However, with the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), new possibilities have emerged. This paper reviews the potentials and challenges of integrating AI into suicide prevention strategies, focusing on adolescents. Method: This narrative review assesses the impact of AI on suicide prevention strategies, the strategies and cases of AI applications in adolescent suicide prevention, as well as the challenges faced. Through searches on the PubMed, web of science, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases, 19 relevant articles were included in the review. Results: AI has significantly improved risk assessment and predictive modeling for identifying suicidal behavior. It has enabled the analysis of textual data through natural language processing and fostered novel intervention strategies. Although AI applications, such as chatbots and monitoring systems, show promise, they must navigate challenges like data privacy and ethical considerations. The research underscores the potential of AI to enhance future suicide prevention efforts through personalized interventions and integration with emerging technologies. Conclusion: AI possesses transformative potential for adolescent suicide prevention by offering targeted and adaptive solutions, while they also raise crucial ethical and practical considerations. Looking forward, AI can play a critical role in mitigating adolescent suicide rates, marking a new frontier in mental health care.

Objective: This commentary highlights challenges and opportunities in suicide prevention across the military and veteran populations of the Five Eyes nations.

Methods: Trends in suicides and suicidality in military and veteran populations are outlined, as well as identified risk and protective factors, and approaches to suicide prevention.

Results: Suicide risk is higher in veterans compared to current serving and community samples. Despite extensive research, the causation, prediction, and prevention of suicide, is still not well understood. We propose areas for further attention in prevention strategies.

Conclusion: Suicide and suicidality are issues of concern in military and veteran populations. Suicide prevention requires commitment to continuous improvement through research, analysis, and incorporation of evolving best practice.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, peer bullying rates and NSSI characteristics in adolescents who engage in self-injuring behavior.

Materials and methods: This case-controlled cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 March 2020 and 1 May 2021 in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Paediatrics outpatient clinic of a hospital in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The data of 50 adolescents with NSSI and 60 adolescents without NSSI attending school were compared. The data in the study were obtained using sociodemographic form prepared by the researchers, the Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Interview Schedule for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Dsm-5, Peer Bullying Scale Adolescent Form and Self-Injurious Behaviour Assessment Inventory.

Results: Fifty adolescents (70% female) with a mean age of 15.4 years (S.D. = 1.4) with NSSI were included as case group and 60 adolescents (66.7% female) with a mean age of 15.5 years (S.D. = 1.3) without NSSI were included as control group. Banging/hitting self was the most common NSSI method, while affect regulation was the most common function. In the case group, verbal, isolation and damage to belongings among the victim subtypes in the last year were found to be significantly higher than in the control group. It was found that there was a positive correlation between the variety of self-injury methods and bullying exposure scores in adolescents with NSSI. Depression disorders, anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder diagnoses were found to be more prevalent in the group with NSSI.

Conclusions: Based on the finding, it was found that psychiatric diagnoses are more common in adolescents with NSSI, peer bullying subtypes are seen at a higher rate, and as bullying scores increase, the variety of NSSI methods also increases. It is thought that providing psychiatric evaluation and treatment for adolescents with NSSI, establishing cooperation with school and family for peer bullying, developing preventive mental health policies and effective intervention programmes may be beneficial.

Encanto is a journey of self-discovery, empowerment, understanding and addressing deep rooted familial and childhood trauma, and reframing our negative thoughts and behaviors into positive ones. It also provides opportunities to sing-along to some of the catchiest earworms to top the Billboard Hot 100 in years. This masterpiece of a film can be used to educate medical students and psychiatry residents on psychodynamic theory in a low-stakes and safe environment to provide insight into our thoughts and feelings, which can be the first step to recovery.

Objective: Few investigations have focused specifically on engaging Spanish-speaking patients in early post-injury comparative effectiveness trials. The goal of this study was to identify and categorize hospitalized Spanish-speaking injury survivors' posttraumatic concerns. Method: A secondary analysis of baseline data collected as part of a larger randomized comparative effectiveness trial was conducted. Participants were 22 male and female Spanish, non-English, speaking survivors of intentional and unintentional injuries, ages ≥ 18. At baseline, while hospitalized, each patient was asked to describe the nature and severity of their post-injury concerns. Patient concern narratives were audio-recorded and later transcribed. Raters coded patients' transcribed concerns into content domains. The associations between patient self-reported concern severity and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms assessed with the PTSD Checklist and depressive symptoms assessed with the PHQ-9 were also ascertained. Results: The concerns of Spanish-speaking patients were reliably categorized into previously described content domains (i.e., work and finance, physical health, social, psychological, medical, and legal domains). The composite Kappa statistic across domains was 0.83 (95% Confidence Interval = 0.74, 0.92). Spanish-speaking patients also expressed novel concerns, including immigration, discriminatory experiences, and Coronavirus pandemic, related concerns. The number of severe patient concerns was highly correlated with PHQ-9 depressive symptom levels (r = 0.52, p < .05). Conclusions: The concerns of Spanish-speaking trauma survivors can be readily elicited and reliably interpreted. Future research could integrate concern narrative elicitation and amelioration into stepped care intervention procedures in order to engage diverse Spanish-speaking injury survivors and advance equitable trauma care system service delivery.

Stories have, throughout all of time, given human beings an opportunity to contrast our own experiences and thoughts with a character's. To imagine another's situation, empathize with it, and then learn of their struggles or achievements, is an excellent opportunity for us to grow. It is transformative. These meaningful messages should be examined, rather than simply dismissed. Medicine has learned much from examining animals, nature, and history. Is it outlandish to consider the possibility that examination of Middle Earth, Hobbits and Elves, could be equally useful? When we consider psychiatric illness or distress, we are examining many very complicated processes happening within an individual's mind. Similarly, when we read or watch a well-done novel or film, the impact can be very far from fictitious. We experience the story with the characters, often reciprocating their emotions and deliberating on their decisions. To chalk this experience up as "fake" would be a disservice. After all, the effects of the physical world and a person's imagination can have comparable reverberations throughout the psyche. Stories have considerable impact on our psychological health, and the insight that we extract from them can improve overall emotional wellbeing. The Lord of the Rings is a classic and brilliantly depicted narrative. Despite many characters being of different species, they teach very tangible human lessons. This article will explore some of these lessons, all the while considering their influence and importance in life, whether psychiatrically beneficial or destructive. Specifically, six lessons will be discussed.

Objective: One way healthcare organisations can support their staff is through supervision. Supervision is typically defined as a process in which professionals receive support and guidance from more experienced colleagues. In this brief review we propose a tailored protocol for supporting support workers during a pandemic. Method: We collected narrative data from difference sources including a systematic meta ethnography and used expert advise in order to tailor the protocol. Results: This protocol can be used by management teams (e.g., senior support workers, team leaders, registered managers, and operation managers) without any prior experience of supervision. The protocol suggested includes a template with easy-to-follow instructions. Conclusions: It provides an easy step-by-step guide that simplifies the process whilst maintaining the depth needed to ensure effective supervision.