Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

ObjectiveAn exploratory-descriptive three-wave survey was designed to explore the nature of wartime and postwar trauma, bereavement, grief, and developmental disruptions in war-exposed Bosnian adolescents; and to guide theory building, intervention, and policy. Specific aims included describing: Prevalence rates of war exposure types, war-related disruptions to social networks (traumatic deaths, disappearances, natural deaths, separations), short- and long-term postwar adversities, adolescent postwar grief reactions, and war-related disruptions in developmentally sensitive life domainsg. Method: A three-wave self-report survey (conducted 1.5-2.5 years after the Bosnian civil war, across multiple geographic/ethnic regions) assessed prewar, wartime, and postwar experiences and psychosocial adjustment in war-exposed Bosnian secondary school students. Results: Students reported: (a) high rates of exposure to both high-magnitude types of war trauma (including traumatic losses) and postwar adversities; (b) extensive war-related disruptions to their social networks, including deaths to natural and unnatural causes, and separation from loved ones. Significant effects were found for sex, type of death, and type of grief; but not for their interaction, age, or geographic region/ethnicity. (c) Pervasive war-related developmental impacts-primarily slowdowns-were reported for impulse control, help-seeking, identity formation, moral development, and understanding political issues. Conclusions: Many families were struggling economically and interpersonally 2.5 years after the war. Pervasive disruptions in youths' social networks persisted. Interventions for war-exposed youth should address a diverse array of problems including traumatic losses, ongoing separations, interpersonal conflict, and disruptions in developmentally important life domains. Balanced, strength-based grief interventions should both facilitate adaptive grief reactions and therapeutically reduce unhelpful grief reactions.

Objective: Given the prevalence of conflict-related sexual violence, tens of thousands of children are estimated to have been born from wartime mass rape campaigns, sexual violence, and forced pregnancy in conflicts around the globe. Despite their vital interconnection, the existing empirical literature has tended to examine either the realities of women survivors of conflict-related sexual violence, or children born of war rape. Much less literature has addressed the realities of both mothers and children and their shared and interrelated experiences. This paper explores the shared post-conflict experiences and realities of children born of conflict-related sexual violence and mothers in post-genocide Rwanda.

Methods: The paper draws on a case study of one mother and her now adult child living in Rwanda. The case study draws from a larger qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 44 mothers and 60 adult children born of conflict-related sexual violence in Rwanda.

Results: Participants revealed their shared, long-term post-conflict challenges, which included family and community stigma, marginalization, poverty and health issues. Participants also highlighted their shared strengths and the ways in which they drew enormous strength from one another, facilitating empathy, pride and hope for the future.

Conclusions: Given their shared realities, service provision should aim to engage both mothers and children together, enabling both parties to draw upon shared strengths and mutual support. Moreover, interventions that are community-driven, family-oriented, and culturally-attuned should be adapted to mothers and children, addressing the complexities, and potential ambivalences in their relationship.

Background and objectives: Bullying victimization is strongly associated with adolescent sleep quality; however, the underlying mechanisms between these variables require further exploration. This study aims to elucidate the psychological mechanisms linking bullying victimization and sleep quality by investigating anxiety as a mediating factor and difficulty identifying feelings as a moderating factor.

Methods: A self-reported survey was conducted among 1,407 adolescents in China. The survey assessed bullying victimization, sleep quality, anxiety, and difficulty identifying feelings. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed on these variables, followed by the construction of a moderated mediation model.

Results: The results showed significant positive correlations between bullying victimization and adolescent sleep quality, anxiety, and difficulty identifying feelings. Additionally, difficulty identifying feelings was significantly positively correlated with sleep quality. Anxiety partially mediated the relationship between bullying victimization and adolescent sleep quality, while difficulty identifying feelings strengthened the relationship between bullying victimization and sleep quality.

Conclusion: This study clarifies the psychological mechanisms linking bullying victimization and adolescent sleep quality, identifying anxiety as a mediator and difficulty identifying feelings as a moderator. The findings highlight the role of emotional factors in this relationship, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. This study underscores the broader significance of emotional regulation in reducing the negative impact of bullying, supporting school-based mental health programs and early interventions. By identifying key psychological factors, it provides valuable insights for educators, parents, and mental health professionals to promote adolescent well-being and healthier sleep patterns.

BackgroundChildren with short stature are more likely to have negative social experiences, such as being teased more, being less accepted by peers, and having fewer friends. We aimed to investigate psychosocial problems in adolescents with Idiopathic short stature (ISS) and the relationship between these problems and peer victimization. Methods: The study included 88 participants with newly diagnosed ISS, aged 11-18 years, and 88 age- and sex-matched controls. Participants were assessed with Peer Victimization Scale (PVS), Sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), DSM-5 Level-2 Depression Scale-Self-Report Scale (DDS-2) and DSM-5 Level-2 Anxiety Scale (DAS-2). Results: PVS, SDSC, SAAS, DDS-2 and DAS-2 scores were significantly higher and RSES scores were significantly lower in patients with ISS (p < .05). Regression analysis revealed that low self-esteem and exposure to high levels of teasing and more sleep initiation and maintenance disturbances were associated with social appearance anxiety in patients with ISS (p < .001, Adjusted R² = 22.0%, F = 5.086). Sleep initiation and maintenance problems (p < .001) and sleep-wake transition disorders (p = .002) were found to be higher in patients with ISS. In addition, threatening was found to predict more sleep disturbances in the ISS group (p < .001, F = 6,738). Conclusion: Routine examination of children with ISS in terms of psychosocial problems and intervention methods can contribute positively to the treatment process of children. Intervention methods should focus on preventing peer victimisation and developing coping skills in adolescents with ISS.