Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

Background: Although prior observational studies have indicated an association between depression and autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), the underlying causal relationship remains unclear.

Methods: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the causal link between depression and ARDs. Genetic data for both depression and ARDs were obtained from publicly available genetic datasets. Instrumental variables were chosen as independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to each condition. The main analysis employed the random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, supplemented by MR-Egger regression and the weighted median approach to strengthen the robustness of the findings.

Results: The IVW analysis identified a significant link between depression and a heightened risk of several ARDs: Sjögren's syndrome (OR = 1.546, p < .001), fibromyalgia syndrome (OR = 5.000, p < .001), psoriasis (OR = 1.185, p = .009), and psoriatic arthritis (OR = 1.333, p = .01). No association was found for rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic polymyalgia, systemic sclerosis, gout, polymyositis, or Behçet's disease. These results were consistent across the MR-Egger and weighted median analyses. The reverse MR analysis found no significant causal effect of any ARD on depression risk.

Conclusions: In conclusion, this MR study suggests that individuals with depression are at high risk for certain ARDs, highlighting the importance of timely screening, early detection, and intervention. Additional studies are required to elucidate the exact connection and mechanisms linking depression with particular ARDs.

Objective: The present review aimed to examine the association between different styles of attachment and proneness to shame.

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar which led to the inclusion of 18 studies in the analysis. The meta-analysis incorporated studies involving diverse populations, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the attachment-shame relationship across various demographic contexts. Four correlational meta-analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between secure, insecure styles- dismissive, preoccupied, and fearful attachment styles and proneness to shame. Random-effect models in R were employed and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Results: Study findings revealed a significant small to moderate negative association between secure attachment and shame (Effect Size [ES] = -0.29); moderate positive associations were found between fearful (ES = 0.39) and preoccupied attachment styles (ES = 0.33) with shame; small but significant positive association was found between dismissing attachment and shame (ES = 0.13). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between all three insecure attachment styles and shame was more pronounced among LGBTQ+ individuals. Meta-regression analysis showed that gender significantly influenced the associations for preoccupied and dismissing attachment styles.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the strength of association with shame varies by type of attachment style. The results also point to the moderating influence of gender and sexual orientation. These insights have important clinical implications and suggest directions for future research on tailoring interventions based on attachment styles.

Objective: The Kahramanmaras Earthquake, which occurred on February 6, 2023, and classified as a major and devastating earthquake, sometimes referred to as the "disaster of the century," resulted in significant destruction and loss in Kahramanmaras and 10 other provinces with magnitudes of 7.8 Mw (±0.1) and 7.5 Mw. This study aims to confirm whether there is a relationship between the academic motivation of students who experienced the earthquake and the psychological complaints they experienced.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 706 volunteer university students who were exposed to the Kahramanmaras earthquake were included. Participants were asked to fill out a sociodemographic data form, the Academic Motivation Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.

Results: Damage to buildings (p = .003), lack of social support (p = .000), having psychological complaints (p = .000), and having experienced another traumatic event before the earthquake (p = .000) were significantly associated with lack of motivation. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between lack of motivation and depressive symptoms (r = 0.368, p < .001), anxious symptoms (r = 0.297, p < .001), and stress (r = 0.327, p < .001).

Conclusions: The study concluded that anxious symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress are related to lack of motivation. Individuals with damaged homes, inadequate social support, and past traumatic experiences constitute a risk group for academic demotivation.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between insight, cognition, and daily living functions in patients with schizophrenia.

Method: Fifty-six clinically stable patients with schizophrenia were evaluated for clinical symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Self-rated insight was assessed using the Insight Scale for Psychosis (ISP), while the interviewer-rated insight was determined by the PANSS item G12 score. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and the University of California San Diego Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA) were used to assess participants' cognitive and daily living functions. We also performed correlation and linear regression analyses.

Results: The MCCB's social cognition domain and several UPSA components-communication, comprehension/planning, household skills, and total score-correlated significantly with interviewer-rated insight. In the linear regression analysis, communication and comprehension/planning domains of UPSA significantly predicted interviewer-rated insight after adjusting for additional variables.

Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant correlations between insight and both cognitive and daily living functions in patients with schizophrenia. Social cognition, communication, and comprehension abilities were associated with insight and should be factored in when implementing rehabilitation, including psychoeducation.

Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been identified as a prevalent behavior among adolescents, particularly those with major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study sought to examine differences in neurocognition, social cognition, negative urgency (NU)-the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative emotions-and anxiety among adolescents with MDD and NSSI, MDD without NSSI, and healthy controls.

Method: A total of 204 adolescents (aged 11-17 years; 161 girls [78.9%], 43 boys [21.1%]) were divided into three groups: (1) MDD with NSSI, (2) MDD without NSSI, and (3) healthy controls. Participants completed psychiatric assessments, computerized neurocognitive tests, emotion recognition tasks, and self-report measures of NU and anxiety. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. Descriptive statistics included frequencies for categorical variables and medians for continuous variables. Group comparisons were performed using chi-square-based tests and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Logistic regression identified predictors of NSSI, with significance set at p < .05.

Results: Adolescents with MDD exhibited significant deficits in executive function and episodic memory, as well as elevated NU and anxiety, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, adolescents with MDD and NSSI reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (particularly panic symptoms) and NU compared to those with MDD alone.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that emotional difficulties, particularly impulsivity and panic symptoms, play a crucial role in NSSI among adolescents with MDD rather than cognitive disturbance, highlighting potential targets for prevention and intervention efforts.

Objective: The present study aims to examine the predictive role of perceived stress (PS) and family climate (FC) on individuals' aggression levels during compulsory isolation amid the COVID-19 pandemic.Method: Data were collected from a Turkish sample (N = 1055) using the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale, Family Climate Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed for data analysis.Results: The results showed that the duration of isolation was positively associated with PS and aggression, and negatively associated with FC. Moreover, aggression was positively associated with PS and negatively associated with FC. These findings suggest that individuals experienced elevated stress levels and weakened family climates during compulsory isolation, which in turn significantly increased their aggressive tendencies.Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of targeted psychosocial interventions to reduce stress and aggression and to strengthen family climate during isolation periods.

Objective: The goal of this investigation was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collaborative care intervention delivery for physically injured Spanish-speaking patients admitted to a level I trauma center.

Method: The investigation was a secondary analysis of Spanish-speaking patients embedded within a larger comparative effectiveness trial. Participants were 22 male and female Spanish, non-English, speaking survivors of intentional and unintentional injuries, ages ≥18. Patients who were identified to be at elevated risk on the electronic health record evaluation were screened for ≥1 severe posttraumatic concern, and a score of ≥35 on the DSM-IV PTSD Checklist. Screen positive patients were randomized to collaborative care intervention versus enhanced usual care control conditions. The intervention included care management and evidence-based psychotherapeutic elements and pharmacotherapy targeting PTSD symptoms. The primary outcomes were PTSD symptoms, any post-injury concerns and emergency department/inpatient utilization over the 12-month post-injury period.

Results: The pilot study achieved >75% follow-up rates at 1-3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months post-injury. Elements of the collaborative care intervention were feasibly delivered and acceptable to Spanish-speaking patients. Mixed-model regression analyses revealed no statistically significant intervention or control group differences for any of the three primary outcomes over the course of the 12 months after the injury for the intent-to-treat sample.

Conclusions: A collaborative care intervention for Spanish-speaking injury survivors with PTSD symptoms and multiple post-injury concerns was feasibly and acceptably delivered. The intervention warrants testing with a larger scale, adequately powered, randomized clinical trial.

Objective: Emergencies in child and adolescent psychiatry are prevalent, and pediatric psychiatric emergency departments play a crucial role in acute intervention during mental health-related crises. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the characteristics of children and adolescents who were admitted to a pediatric psychiatric emergency department.

Method: The data were collected from the records of 8803 patients (females 56.6%, Mage = 15.07 ± 2.6) admitted to our pediatric psychiatry emergency department between 2014 and 2021. Diagnoses were made using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. We used descriptive statistics to determine patient characteristics and conducted a regression analysis to compare the changes in the admissions numbers by the year.

Results: It was found that depressive disorder was the highest psychiatric diagnosis, with a percentage of 21.4%. Depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder have shown an increase over the years. In 2020, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychiatric admissions reached their lowest level. The percentage of hospitalizations was 21.1% for the total of all years. No significant change was found in the total number of admissions, sex, and age.

Conclusions: The number of admissions for female adolescents who were diagnosed with depressive disorder to our pediatric psychiatry emergency department is shown to be high. The fact that these patients seek help more frequently should be taken into consideration during the planning of mental health services for outpatient and inpatient clinics as well as pediatric psychiatry emergency services.

Objective: The armed conflict in Ukraine and its impact on Europe's economy have led to an war and economic crisis, potentially affecting the mental health of women during the perinatal period. This study aimed to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and labor anxiety among Polish women in perinatal period during this crisis. Methods: From June 2, 2022, to April 11, 2023, 152 women completed three sets of online surveys-two during pregnancy (before 33 weeks and/or between 33 and 37 weeks) and one postpartum (4 weeks after childbirth). The questionnaires used to evaluate the anxiety and depressive symptoms included Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-2), Labor Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ), and team-developed questionnaires evaluating war-related anxiety (WAQ) and global situation anxiety (GSAQ) Statistical analyses included U-Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon signed-rank, Friedman tests and Spearman's correlations, with a significance level set at p < .05. Results: Among Polish pregnant women aged 23-43, 31.6% of participants experienced depressive symptoms, while 70.4% reported increased labor-related anxiety. Additionally, 24.3% experienced significant anxiety due to the war, and 25% suffered from severe anxiety related to the global situation. Positive correlations were noted between EPDS and GSAQ scores (R = 0.34, p < .001) and LAQ and WAQ scores (R = 0.21, p = .008). Conclusions: The prevalence of perinatal depression is high during war and economic crisis, underscoring the urgent need to improve screening for perinatal depression in Poland. Further, the manuscript did not discuss symptom patterns across the three time points.