Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

This article aims to report on the clinical care of a gifted child in the context of Health and Education. The child showed signs of emotional distress and disruptive behaviors, which were related to the school context. Based on the assessment that revealed this child was gifted, his acceleration by one school year was recommended, which in turn resulted in complete remission of symptoms. This experience exemplifies the importance of identifying giftedness in childhood as a guide for appropriate conduct, both in cultivating the good development of the child's skills and in promoting their emotional well-being.

Objective: To evaluate perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social support among mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to mothers of typically developing (TD) children following major earthquakes in Türkiye. Additionally, to examine whether perceived social support mediates the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms in mothers of children with ASD.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between April 2023 and September 2023. The participants consist of mothers of children with ASD (n = 77) and mothers of TD children (n = 122). The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program and Process Macro v3.5 package.

Results: The results of the study showed that mothers of children with ASD had higher stress and depressive symptoms and lower social support than mothers of TD children. It was revealed that the perceived stress predicted 29.0% of the perceived social support (R²). The perceived stress, along with the perceived social support, explained 56.6% of the variation in depressive symptoms in mothers of children with ASD.

Conclusion: Increasing perceived social support for mothers of children with ASD could be an effective way to reduce psychological distress following a disaster.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between self-compassion, mindfulness, emotional factors and multiple sclerosis (MS) related quality of life among the individuals with MS in Istanbul, Turkey.

Results: One hundred and thirteen MS patients participated in this cross-sectional study. In the linear regression model, older age, higher levels of disability, and higher anxiety levels significantly predicted lower MS related quality of life (p = .045, p = .023, p ≤ .001, respectively). Mindfulness component of the self-compassion scale significantly predicted better MS related quality of life (p = .007). The self-kindness and mindfulness subscale scores of the Self-Compassion Scale were positively and significantly correlated with the total scores of the Multiple Sclerosis International Quality of Life Questionnaire (r = .324, p = .003; r = .314, p = .003, respectively).

Discussion: These findings indicate that a high level of self-compassion and mindfulness has a positive impact on the quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Considering these effects within social dimensions, such as family and friendship, may contribute to improving patients' overall quality of life.

BackgroundThe need to rapidly adapt to patient, learner and market needs during the pandemic has led to an expanded focus on telework and telehealth. Now, with increasing calls to return part-time to in-person work, there is a growing need for guidance on making the deliberate and thoughtful change to hybrid work. Challenges: Hybrid work introduces challenges related to physical space, education and supervision, and presenteeism. Opportunities: Hybrid work offers opportunities for flexibility, geographic diversity in learners and educators, autonomy, and mitigation of some of the challenges experienced in solely in-person or solely remote work. Conclusion: Our own experiences in navigating this transition in an academic medical center suggest that hybrid work can be a unique experience, worthy of its own body of literature. This article is intended to bring together and support conversations happening between individuals, particularly mental health providers, around hybrid clinical work and supervision. Our hope is to facilitate further discussion and identify possible areas of future research related to this evolving work model.

Objective: Between 2005 and 2022, more than 315,000 grave violations were verified against children in wartime, including killing, physical maiming, exploitation, and forced displacement. While the resulting harm to children is widely recognized, the profound toll on professionals who witness and respond to these tragedies remains under examined. This article explores the psychological and occupational impacts of exposure to child casualties during wartime on healthcare providers, military personnel, journalists, and mortuary affairs workers. Method: Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PsychNET, and PubMed were searched for literature examining the impact of pediatric death and injury on healthcare professionals, service members, journalists, and mortuary affairs workers in wartime settings. Supplementary searches were conducted to identify supportive evidence from literature addressing impacts in non-conflict contexts. Results: Evidence varied across professions, but impacts examined included moral injury, secondary traumatic stress, heightened emotions, including guilt, anger, helplessness, and grief, as well as professional challenges such as self-questioning, and burnout. Potential mechanisms exacerbating distress include loss of trust in the goodness of the world, cynicism, and hopelessness, personal identification with children, and perceived lack of adequate skills or a sense of professional failure. Conclusions: Findings underscore the urgent need for tailored strategies to sustain the well-being and effectiveness of professionals confronted with child casualties in war. In response, the article highlights promising individual-level and organization-level strategies for building resilience and growth, and promising interventions for professionals requiring clinical care.

Objective: This literature review summarizes findings regarding the effects of war-related bereavement and other losses in children and adolescents-including both negative consequences and protective factors that may mitigate their effects. This review also explores strategies for improving mental health and developmental outcomes among youth experiencing war-related losses. Method: This literature review synthesizes research studies examining psychological and developmental consequences of war-related bereavement. These include studies assessing mental health risks, protective factors, and effective interventions for children and adolescents bereaved by the loss of family members due to war. Results: The literature consistently shows that children and adolescents who experience war-related bereavement are at a significantly higher risk for developing psychological disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, prolonged grief disorder, and suicidal ideation. The findings also highlight individual, family, and community factors-including self-esteem, self-efficacy, adaptive coping skills, social support, and cultural values-that may buffer these risks and enhance resilience. Conclusions: To mitigate the negative impact of war-related bereavement, early identification of grief reactions is critical. A developmentally-informed approach to assessment and intervention, involving mental health professionals, paraprofessionals, school personnel, and policymakers, is essential to support resilience and foster developmental recovery in bereaved youth. Research and intervention efforts should focus on enhancing protective factors and implementing flexibly-tailored strategies (including group, school-based, and telehealth) to aid children affected by war-related bereavement and other losses.

ObjectiveLittle is known about the day-to-day variation in suicide ideation (SI) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined daily variations in SI frequency and intensity in individuals with and without PTSD. Methods: Using an ecological momentary assessment methodology, participants (N = 156; 78 with probable PTSD, 78 without PTSD) completed self-report assessments of SI four times daily for 15 days. SI was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) item 9. The SI assessment adherence rate was 80.0%. For each person, overall and daily measures of frequency of endorsing SI (FSI), mean SI intensity (MSI intensity; range 0-10), and highest SI intensity (HSI intensity; range 0-10) were obtained. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between the 7 days of the week and weekday/weekend variations in FSI, MSI intensity, and HSI intensity and PTSD. Results: Individuals with PTSD (vs. those without) reported a higher overall FSI (23.2% vs. 2.0%, t = 5.44, p < .001), MSI intensity (1.01 vs. 0.04, t = 4.17, p < .001), and HSI intensity (3.26 vs. 0.87, t = 4.97, p < .001). Among those with PTSD and SI, 10.9% had overall MSI intensity scores between 5 and 10 (range 0-10) and 32.6% had overall HSI intensity scores of 8-10. Among the latter group, the overall HSI intensity was episodic for 60.0% and persistent for 40.0% of individuals. No day of the week or weekday versus weekend differences were found. Conclusions: Understanding the characteristics of SI frequency and intensity will aid in understanding the transition from SI to suicide attempts and may inform interventions and clinical care.

Objective: Identifying the individual, environmental, and social characteristics of suicide events is central to developing a comprehensive public health strategy for intervention and prevention of suicide. The Haddon Matrix has previously been used as a tool to address this goal in various forms of injury prevention. The purpose of this paper is to apply the Haddon Matrix to suicide to inform research, prevention, and intervention.

Methods: To examine the Haddon Matrix's utility for suicide, a selective literature review was performed of recent and influential papers on risk of suicide across time, identifying contributing factors, conditions, policies, theories, and prevention strategies. Second, the key factors identified were organized on the Haddon Matrix. Third, to examine the pragmatic utility of the Haddon Matrix, the Department of Defense (DoD) Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee's (SPRIRC) recommendations to prevent military suicides were placed on the Haddon Matrix, and the areas covered were examined.

Results: Characteristics of suicide across pre-event, event, and post-event stages were identified at the individual (host), agent (factors related to the method used for suicide), environmental, and social domains. These were used to construct a Suicide Haddon Matrix. Placing the DoD SPRIRC recommendations on the Haddon Matrix showed a concentration of high priority recommendations in the pre-event, host, and agent domains.

Conclusion: A Suicide Haddon Matrix can guide researchers, mental health practitioners, and public health officials to key host, agent, physical, and social environment factors. This can identify areas that need research and opportunities for intervention and prevention.

Objective: Pandemics have been shown to affect both physical and mental health, with healthcare workers (HCWs) bearing a particularly heavy burden. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs faced a high volume of cases, extended work hours, and heightened pandemic-related stressors, which placed them at increased risk for mental health issues. This study examines the effects of COVID-19-related anxiety on HCWs' mental health, specifically exploring the roles of compassion fatigue (comprising burnout and secondary traumatic stress) as potential mediators in this relationship.

Method: A sample of 104 HCWs completed an online survey measuring their demographic characteristics (such as gender, age, length of service, marital status, and education), levels of COVID-19 anxiety, compassion fatigue, and mental health outcomes. Path analysis and bootstrapping procedures were used to analyze the data.

Results: Results indicated that COVID-19 anxiety was positively associated with compassion fatigue, defined as the emotional strain of caring for others, which includes both burnout (emotional exhaustion from work) and secondary traumatic stress (stress from exposure to others' trauma). Compassion fatigue, particularly secondary traumatic stress, mediated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and various mental health indicators, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. Both COVID-19 anxiety and compassion fatigue were significant predictors of these mental health outcomes.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that COVID-19 anxiety alone does not fully explain mental health outcomes among HCWs, as compassion fatigue, specifically secondary traumatic stress, plays a substantial role. Recognizing the complex interplay of pandemic-related stressors and compassion fatigue may guide interventions to better support HCWs' mental health.

ObjectiveFormer children associated with armed forces and armed groups (CAAFAG) have been affected by violence and adversity and often experience challenges when reintegrating into their communities. Many former CAAFAG demonstrate pervasive mental health concerns, which disrupt functioning and impact successful reintegration. Addressing mental health needs is imperative to ensure successful reintegration. Method: This report reviews risk and protective factors of mental health outcomes and evidence-based intervention approaches for former CAAFAG. Results: The mental health needs of former CAAFAG vary depending on risk and protective factors prior to, during, and after involvement in the armed forces. Effective interventions that address mental health concerns and promote resilience apply a socioecological approach, such that interventions are implemented at the individual, family, and community levels. Further, interventions should apply a community-participatory model that prioritizes community members' and consumers' input during intervention development and implementation. This includes ensuring interventions are appropriately adapted for the context. Conclusion: Research evidence that highlights addressing risk and protective factors and the effectiveness of intervention approaches for former CAFAAG is growing; however, additional research is needed.