Psychiatry-Interpersonal and Biological Processes最新文献

Background: U.S. military veterans may be reluctant to disclose suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Suicide-specific cognitions, which generally avoid direct mention of suicide, may be reliable indicators of risk among those reluctant to disclose such thoughts and behaviors.

Methods: Data from a population-based, cross-sectional study of 2,430 U.S. military veterans were analyzed to examine the associations between the Brief Suicide Cognitions Scale (B-SCS), suicidal ideation, and suicide planning.

Results: After adjusting for age, sex, number of adverse childhood experiences, cumulative trauma burden, depressive symptom severity, and lifetime history of suicide attempt, total scores on the B-SCS (excluding the item mentioning suicide) were uniquely associated with suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-1.32) and suicide planning (OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.18-1.37). Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that difficulties with solving and coping with one's problems were uniquely linked to these outcomes.

Conclusions: Assessment of suicide-specific cognitions may help to enhance suicide detection and prevention in veterans, especially in those who may not directly disclose thoughts of suicide. Intervention efforts to bolster perceived deficits in coping and problem-solving may help mitigate suicide risk in this population.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic affected individuals in different contexts (e.g. long-term care facilities, schools, communities), including psychiatric hospitals. Thus, the objective of this systematic review, duly registered and approved on PROSPERO (CRD42023427835), is to assess the frequency of positive COVID-19 cases among patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals.

Methods: A total of 4,922 articles were identified in the database searches, and 17 studies conducted in psychiatric hospitals from different regions of the world were selected.

Results: The frequency of positive COVID-19 cases among patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals ranged from 1.8% to 98.8%. Out of a total of 19,573 patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals, the pooled mean frequency of positive COVID-19 cases was 11.9%. The majority of patients presented COVID-19 symptoms (e.g. cough, fever and others). The COVID-19 diagnosis was primarily conducted through RT-PCR testing in 88.9% of the studies.

Conclusion: In conclusion, there is discrepancy in the methodology of the studies assessing the frequency of positive COVID-19 cases in psychiatric hospitals. However, this review allowed us to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the population hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals.

Objective: This report presents an overview of the objectives, design, and analytic strategy of the Child Maltreatment in Military Families Life Course Study, an investigation of factors associated with child maltreatment in active duty military families.

Method: The study uses a case-control retrospective research design and discrete-time survival methodology to examine service member demographic characteristics, family characteristics, military-related characteristics, and military family life events associated with child maltreatment incidents that meet the Department of Defense definition of child abuse or neglect. The sample includes all active duty families with a first occurrence of child maltreatment anytime between Fiscal Year (FY) 2009 and FY 2018 (n  = 28,684), and a representative sample of control families with children under age of 18 during the same period (n  = 589,417). Analyses include child maltreatment and domestic abuse data from the Family Advocacy Program Central Registry; sponsor socio-demographic, military-related, and family data from the Active Duty Military Personnel Master and Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System data files; deployment data from the Contingency Tracking System; and mental health data from the Medical Data Repository.

Results and conclusions: Study results identify risk and protective factors associated with child maltreatment in military families, subgroups at elevated risk of child maltreatment, and periods of heightened risk during the military family life course. These results are expected to improve the ability to identify families most at-risk for particular types of child maltreatment and inform prevention strategies that promote the health and safety of military families.

Background: The causes of mental health problems among mothers of children with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) associated with childcare are still not fully understood. This study, thus, has aim to assess the intensity of caregiver burden, depression and quality of life levels in mothers of children with CKD compared to a control group. It also aims to identify determinants associated with mental health outcomes. Methods: Mothers of children diagnosed with CKD who were followed up in Pediatric Nephrology outpatient clinics were included as the case group. Mothers with similar demographic characteristics were taken as the control group. During the study, 72 children with CKD, 78 control children and their mothers were enrolled. The study data was obtained using the Sociodemographic Data Form (SDF) developed by the researchers, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-Bref). Results: The groups did differ significantly in terms of maternal psychopathology (p = .024). The most common maternal psychopathology among mothers was Major Depressive Disorder. Mothers of children with CKD had significantly higher level of caregiver burden and depression levels. Quality of life levels among mothers of children with CKD were significantly decreased compared to controls. Caregiver burden was found to predict quality of life in mothers of children with CKD (β = -0.539; p < .050). Conclusion: Caregiving burden, depression, and poor quality of life are common among mothers of children with CKD. Addressing caregiver burden may be beneficial for quality life of mothers.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the peer bullying of refugee and non-refugee adolescents, and to explore the association between bullying victimization and psychiatric symptoms among Syrian adolescent refugees in the Southeast Anatolia region of Turkey. Methods: The sample of the study consists of 217 adolescents in the 13-17 age group who are school-going, 102 refugee adolescents, and 115 non-refugee adolescents. The study data was obtained using the Sociodemographic Characteristics Questionnaire developed by the researchers, Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42). A structural equation model was used to assess the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, while also considering mediation by stress and anxiety. Results: In this study, 44.1% of refugee adolescents reported experiencing at least one bullying victimization, while this rate was 27.8% in the non-refugee group, and this difference was found statistically significant. The logistic regression analysis revealed that poor school performance was a risk factor for bullying victimization in refugee adolescent. Moreover, the structural equation model analysis revealed that bullying victimization significantly increased the stress level in refugee adolescents, and depressive symptoms were significantly affected by stress and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Taking into consideration that bullying victimization is a significant problem among Syrian refugee adolescents; anti-bullying programmes should be implemented as this may improve the mental health of Syrian refugee adolescents.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychiatric morbidity along with sociodemographic and earthquake-related data on suicidal ideation among survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake in Turkey.

Method: The study included 270 volunteers who experienced the 2023 earthquake in Kahramanmaras, a province in middle east region of Turkey. These individuals were informed of the use of their personal data within the scope of the personal data protection law numbered 6698 and consent was obtained. The volunteers participated in the study online and were evaluated with a sociodemographic data form, Suicidal Ideation Scale and DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale.

Results: Single individuals (p = .009) and those who stated that they had insufficient social support (p = .001), had been injured or had lost a relative during the earthquake (p = .02), felt discrimination-exclusion after the earthquake (p = .03), and those who could not attend the funeral or funeral ceremony of their deceased relative (p < .001) scored higher on the Suicidal Ideation Scale. The DSM-5 level one cross-sectional symptom scale scores indicated that the scores in the depression (p = .024), somatization (p = .001), personality (p < .001) and addiction (0.039) subscales were more related to suicidal ideation.

Conclusion: After a mass trauma, it is very important to investigate the risk factors that may be associated with suicidal ideation among survivors and to be aware of possible psychiatric symptoms. Preventive actions in the earthquake-affected regions can be made more effective by considering these factors.