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Note du rédacteur en chef 来自编辑的说明
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.7202/044020ar
D. Dostaler
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引用次数: 0
Note du rédacteur en chef@@@Note from the editor 编辑的笔记在chef@@@编辑的笔记
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.7202/038979AR
D. Dostaler
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of resistance to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in a new small-seeded line of Tunisian faba beans 突尼斯蚕豆一个小种子新品系对圆齿帚状油菜(Orobanche crenata)的抗性
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-09-25 DOI: 10.7202/018953AR
Z. Abbes, M. Kharrat, P. Simier, W. Chaïbi
Orobanche crenata, crenate broomrape, causes major drawbacks in faba bean production in Mediterranean countries. The development of resistant varieties remains the most efficient way to solve this problem. This study was designed to assess the resistance of the breeding line XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1 to crenate broomrape, using cv. Bachaar as a susceptible control. Incidence and severity parameters were evaluated in infested fields to values reaching 95% and 4 (on a 1 to 9 scale), respectively, in 'Bachaar', and reaching only 5% and 1.5, in 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. This selected line displayed, at the most, an average of one emerged crenate broomrape individual per plant at crop maturity, whereas 'Bachaar' plants displayed five emerged broomrape individuals under the same conditions. In addition, the seed yield of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' plants was two-fold higher than that of 'Bachaar'. In pot experiments, number and total dry weight of broomrape individuals per plant were significantly higher for 'Bachaar' than for 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. In root chambers, percent germination of broomrape seeds was five-fold lower in the vicinity of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots (3%) than close to 'Bachaar' roots (15%). The direct consequence was a limited number of broomrape tubercles per 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' plant. Furthermore, tubercle formation on 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots was delayed by a week compared with the infection process on 'Bachaar' roots. Finally, some features of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots were characterized, such as the low amount of exudation of germination stimulant, which, combined with a deep root system, triggers resistance to the parasite.
在地中海国家,有圆齿的帚状油菜是蚕豆生产的主要缺陷。开发抗病品种仍然是解决这一问题的最有效途径。本试验采用遗传育种方法,对XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1对圆齿帚花的抗性进行了评价。Bachaar作为易感对照。在“Bachaar”疫区,发病率和严重程度分别达到95%和4(1 ~ 9级),而在“XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1”疫区,发病率和严重程度仅为5%和1.5。这个选择的品系在作物成熟时,每株植株平均最多出现一个具圆齿的扫帚油菜个体,而“Bachaar”植株在相同的条件下显示出五个出现的扫帚油菜个体。此外,‘xbj90.03 -16-1-1-1’植株的种子产量比‘Bachaar’高出2倍。盆栽试验中,‘Bachaar’单株扫帚花个体数和总干重显著高于‘xbj90.03 -16-1-1-1’。在根室中,“xbj90.03 -16-1-1-1”根附近的油菜种子发芽率(3%)比“Bachaar”根附近的种子发芽率(15%)低5倍。直接结果是每株‘xbj90.03 -16-1-1-1’的扫帚菜瘤数量有限。与‘Bachaar’根相比,‘xbj90.03 -16-1-1-1’根的结核形成时间延迟了一周。最后,分析了‘xbj90.03 -16-1-1-1’根系的发芽刺激物分泌量低,根系较深,对寄生虫具有抗性等特点。
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引用次数: 23
Effet de diverses souches du Trichoderma sur la croissance d'une culture de tomate en serre et leur aptitude à coloniser les racines et le substrat 不同木霉菌株对温室番茄生长的影响及其在根系和基质上定植的能力
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-09-25 DOI: 10.7202/018955AR
B. Mouria, Amina Ouazzani-Touhami, A. Douira
Les champignons du genre Trichoderma, connus depuis 1887 pour leurs proprietes antagonistes, ont ete utilises comme agents de lutte biologique contre un large spectre de phytopathogenes. Recemment, certaines etudes ont demontre l'aptitude des Trichoderma a stimuler la croissance de certaines plantes. Ainsi, l'effet de six souches du Trichoderma sur les parametres de croissance et de rendement d'une culture de tomate en serre a ete etudie. Les resultats montrent que toutes les souches du T. harzianum ont stimule la croissance de la tomate, notamment les biomasses vegetative et racinaire, alors que le T. viride n'a pas eu un effet significativement different par rapport au temoin. L'effet du Trichoderma sur l'incidence des maladies foliaires a aussi ete tres net pour des souches de T. harzianum qui ont protege a 100 % les feuilles de tomate. La colonisation des racines par les differentes souches du Trichoderma ne differe pas significativement entre les souches du T. harzianum (86 a 100 %), alors qu'elle est significativement plus faible pour la souche TV1 du T. viride. De meme, les souches du Trichoderma ont pu se maintenir a un niveau tres eleve dans la rhizosphere par rapport aux temoins.
木霉属真菌,自1887年以来因其拮抗特性而闻名,已被用作广泛的植物病原体的生物防治剂。最近,一些研究表明木霉能够刺激某些植物的生长。因此,研究了6株木霉对温室番茄生长和产量参数的影响。结果表明,所有菌株都对番茄的生长有刺激作用,特别是对营养和根系生物量有刺激作用,而绿芽孢杆菌对番茄的刺激作用与temoin无显著差异。木霉对叶病发病率的影响在100%保护番茄叶片的哈氏锥虫菌株中也很明显。不同木霉菌株对根的定植在哈氏T.菌株之间没有显著差异(86 ~ 100%),而绿T. TV1菌株的定植明显较低。同样,与证据相比,木霉菌株在根际中维持的水平非常高。
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引用次数: 18
Evaluation of host resistance inducers and conventional products for fire blight management in loquat and quince 枇杷和温病防治寄主抗诱导剂和常规产品的评价
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-09-25 DOI: 10.7202/018954AR
K. Baştaş, S. Maden
Fire blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits. Due to the lack of effective, non-phytotoxic and publicly acceptable materials for controlling fire blight in pome fruit trees, new strategies to manage Erwinia amylovora fire blight are being sought. The resistance-inducing compounds prohexadione-Ca, harpin protein and benzothiadiazole (acibenzolar-S-methyl), the fertilizer humic acid, the bactericides streptomycin and copper salts, and combinations of copper with chemicals were evaluated for their ability to control fire blight on quince and loquat cultivars. Prohexadione-Ca was applied at a rate of 125 mg L-1 at two shoot lengths (6-12 cm and 15-20 cm), while benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl (135 mg L-1) and harpin (50 mg L-1) were applied when the shoots measured between 15-20 cm, and again at 30-35 cm. On loquat cv. Cukurgobek, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl showed about 60% effectiveness. The addition of copper salts reduced the effectiveness of benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl. On quince cultivars, streptomycin (P ≤ 0.05) was the most effective treatment during both years, followed by the harpin protein alone and in combination with copper salts. Prohexadione-Ca, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl, and harpin protein applications reduced disease severity on inoculated shoots compared with copper and untreated controls. Prohexadione-Ca reduced both shoot length and shoot blight on the two hosts. Humic acid applications were ineffective in controlling fire blight on loquat and quince cultivars. Quince cv. Esme showed lower disease severity than cv. Ekmek (P ≤ 0.05). The use of resistance-inducing substances during the early phase of shoot growth may offer a means of managing the shoot blight phase of fire blight disease on quince and loquat.
火疫病是对梨果实最具破坏性的病害之一。由于缺乏有效的、无植物毒性的和公众可接受的材料来控制梨树的火疫病,人们正在寻求新的策略来管理扁桃火疫病。评价了抗药诱导化合物prohexadi酮- ca、harpin蛋白和苯并噻二唑(酸苯甲酮- s -甲基)、肥料腐植酸、杀菌剂链霉素和铜盐以及铜与化学药剂组合对黄瓜和枇杷的防治效果。在6-12 cm和15-20 cm两个茎长处分别施用125 mg L-1的prohexadion - ca,在15-20 cm处分别施用苯并噻二唑+甲axyl (135 mg L-1)和harpin (50 mg L-1),然后在30-35 cm处再次施用。论枇杷cv。Cukurgobek、苯并噻唑二唑+甲氨苄有效率约60%。铜盐的加入降低了苯并噻二唑+甲酰基的有效性。在两种年份中,链霉素(P≤0.05)是最有效的处理,其次是harpin蛋白单独处理和铜盐联合处理。与铜和未经处理的对照相比,施用Prohexadione-Ca、苯并噻二唑+甲axyl和harpin蛋白降低了接种苗的疾病严重程度。Prohexadione-Ca减少了两个寄主的茎长和茎枯萎病。腐植酸对枇杷和榅桲品种的防治效果不显著。贴梗海棠的履历。Esme的疾病严重程度低于cv。Ekmek (P≤0.05)。在嫩枝生长初期使用抗病诱导物质,可为控制温、枇杷的火枯病嫩枝期提供一种方法。
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引用次数: 12
Remise de la Bourse du centenaire SPPQ 2008 Margaret-Newton 颁发2008年SPPQ百年奖学金玛格丽特-牛顿
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-09-08 DOI: 10.7202/038246AR
D. Pageau
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引用次数: 0
L'Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, un nouvel hôte pour le Cochliobolus spicifer et le Setosphaeria rostrata 蔷薇木槿,spicifer Cochliobolus和rostrata Setosphaeria的新宿主
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-05-21 DOI: 10.7202/018056AR
N. Meddah, A. O. Touhami, A. Douira
Au Maroc, le sol et le climat sont deux facteurs ayant encourage le developpement des cultures ornementales. Or, la situation actuelle du secteur ornemental est telle que l'entretien et le diagnostic phytosanitaire sont loin d'etre pratiques regulierement. Des isolements fongiques a partir des lesions foliaires de l'Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ont revele pour la premiere fois la presence du Setosphaeria rostrata et du Cochliobolus spicifer. Ces deux especes induisent des symptomes foliaires differents une fois inoculees aux plantes de l'Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. Le S. rostrata provoque des lesions de forme irreguliere et de couleur brun clair ou noirâtre et entraine un dessechement du limbe. Le C. spicifer est responsable de lesions foliaires de couleur brun clair qui apparaissent a la marge des feuilles puis se developpent vers le centre et prennent un contour pâle. Le C. spicifer est l'agent pathogene le plus agressif (coefficient d'infection = 44).
在摩洛哥,土壤和气候是促进观赏作物发展的两个因素。然而,目前观赏行业的情况是,植物检疫的维护和诊断远不是常规的做法。从木槿叶离子中分离出的真菌首次揭示了rostrata Setosphaeria rostrata和Cochliobolus spicifer的存在。这两种植物接种到玫瑰木槿后,会引起不同的叶片症状。rostrata引起不规则形状的病变,颜色为浅棕色或黑色,并导致叶片干燥。C. spicifer负责叶子的浅棕色病变,出现在叶子的边缘,然后向中心发展,呈现出苍白的轮廓。spicifer是最具侵袭性的病原体(感染系数= 44)。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of temperature, rainfall and planting date on aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in commercial Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids in Arkansas 温度、降雨和播种日期对阿肯色州商业Bt和非Bt玉米杂交品种黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素污染的影响
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-05-21 DOI: 10.7202/018054AR
Hamed K. Abbas, W. Shier, Rick D. Cartwright
Corn (maize, Zea mays) is susceptible to contamination with aflatoxins, fumonisins and other mycotoxins, particularly in the southeastern USA. In principle, mycotoxin contamination could be reduced in commercial corn hybrids with shorter growing seasons by planting at dates which minimize plant stress during the critical kernel-filling period. To evaluate this strategy, commercial Bt and non-Bt hybrids were planted in Arkansas in mid-April and early May of 2002, 2004 and 2005. The mid-April planting date resulted in lower aflatoxin contamination in harvested corn each yr and in significantly less frequent contamination above a regulatory action level in 2005 and overall than did the early-May planting date in both Bt and non-Bt corn. The mid-April planting date resulted in significantly lower total fumonisin contamination in harvested corn and in less frequent contamination above a regulatory advisory level than the early May planting date in 2 of 3 yr and overall in both Bt and non-Bt corn. All fumonisin subtypes studied were reduced. Frequent co-occurrence of aflatoxin and fumonisin was observed. Fumonisin levels averaged lower in Bt hybrids than in non-Bt hybrids at all plantings. Reduced aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination with mid-April planting could not be explained by any measure of heat stress during the kernel-filling period.
玉米(maize, Zea mays)容易受到黄曲霉毒素、伏马菌毒素和其他真菌毒素的污染,特别是在美国东南部。原则上,在生长季节较短的商品玉米杂交种中,通过在关键的灌浆期将植株胁迫降到最低的日期播种,可以减少霉菌毒素污染。为了评估这一策略,我们于2002年、2004年和2005年的4月中旬和5月初在阿肯色州种植了商业Bt和非Bt杂交作物。在每年收获的玉米中,4月中旬播种的黄曲霉毒素污染较低,而且在2005年和总体上,比5月初播种的Bt和非Bt玉米污染频率明显低于监管行动水平。与5月初播种相比,4月中旬播种的收获玉米的伏马菌素总污染显著降低,超过监管建议水平的污染频率也较低,在3年中的2年和总体上,Bt和非Bt玉米都是如此。所有研究的伏马菌素亚型都减少了。黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素经常同时出现。在所有种植中,Bt杂交种的伏马菌素水平平均低于非Bt杂交种。4月中旬播种时黄曲霉毒素和伏马毒素污染的减少不能用灌浆期的任何热胁迫措施来解释。
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引用次数: 73
Mortality and infection of wireworm, Agriotes obscurus [Coleoptera: Elateridae], with inundative field applications of Metarhizium anisopliae 金龟子绿僵菌田间大面积应用对黑线线虫死亡率和感染的影响
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-05-21 DOI: 10.7202/018055AR
J. T. Kabaluk, R. Vernon, M. Goettel
In an attempt to cause fatal infection of wireworm Agriotes obscurus [Coleoptera: Elateridae], Metarhizium anisopliae was applied in the field as factorial combinations of conidia formulated as granules at 3.68 g granules or 1.25 x 1010 cfu per 196 cm2 (6.38 x 107 conidia cm-2), as conidia mixed with soil at 1.26 x 1010 cfu per 2.986 cm3 soil (4.22 x 106 conidia cm-3 soil), and as conidia-coated wheat seed (100 wheat seeds or 4.16 x 109 cfu per 196 cm2 = 2.12 x 107 conidia cm-2). The treatments resulted in a significantly greater number of mycosed wireworms compared with the control over and during five sampling periods. Significant differences in total wireworm mortality and mycosed wireworms in the field occurred at any time ranging from 15 to 82 d following treatment. The treatments also caused a reduction in the number of wireworms found in the cores, implying that they had a repellent effect. Latent infection of wireworms became apparent after living wireworms from the field treatments died following incubation under laboratory conditions, in numbers significantly greater than the control. This study showed that M. anisopliae can be applied in the field and infect and kill wireworms, but only at concentrations exceeding 4 x 106 conidia cm-3 with the subject isolate, wireworm species, and field conditions used in this study.
为了引起致命的感染铁线虫Agriotes obscurus(鞘翅目:叩头虫科),绿僵菌属anisopliae应用领域一样的阶乘的分生孢子组合制定颗粒在3.68 g颗粒或1.25 x 1010 cfu / 196 cm2 (6.38 x 107分生孢子cm-2),混合了分生孢子与土壤为1.26 x 1010 cfu / 2.986立方厘米(4.22 x 106分生孢子cm-3土壤),以及conidia-coated小麦种子(100小麦种子或4.16 x 109 cfu / 196 cm2 = 2.12 x 107分生孢子cm-2)。在5个采样周期内,与对照相比,这些处理导致真菌线虫的数量显著增加。在处理后15至82 d的任何时间,田间线虫的总死亡率和霉变线虫的死亡率都有显著差异。这些处理还导致在核心中发现的线虫数量减少,这意味着它们具有驱避作用。现场处理的活线虫在实验室条件下孵育后死亡,其数量明显高于对照,潜伏感染变得明显。本研究表明,在本研究使用的分离物、线虫种类和田间条件下,绿僵菌仅在浓度超过4 × 106分生孢子cm-3的情况下才能在田间应用并感染和杀死线虫。
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引用次数: 38
Hommage de la Société canadienne de phytopathologie 加拿大植物病理学学会致敬
4区 农林科学 Q4 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.7202/038249AR
D. Dostaler
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引用次数: 0
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Phytoprotection
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