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New Insights into IGF-1 Signaling in the Heart. IGF-1 信号在心脏中的新发现。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2024
Wang-Soo Lee, E Dale Abel, Jaetaek Kim

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling has multiple physiological roles in cellular growth, metabolism, and aging. Myocardial hypertrophy, cell death, senescence, fibrosis, and electrical remodeling are hallmarks of various heart diseases and contribute to the progression of heart failure. This review highlights the critical role of IGF-1 and its cognate receptor in cardiac hypertrophy, aging, and remodeling.

胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)-1 信号在细胞生长、新陈代谢和衰老过程中发挥着多种生理作用。心肌肥厚、细胞死亡、衰老、纤维化和电重塑是各种心脏病的标志,也是心力衰竭的诱因。本综述强调了 IGF-1 及其同源受体在心肌肥厚、衰老和重塑中的关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
ECM Microenvironment in Vascular Homeostasis: New Targets for Atherosclerosis. 血管稳态中的 ECM 微环境:动脉粥样硬化的新目标。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2023
Lu Zhang, Qianqian Feng, Wei Kong

Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) components, interactions, and mechanical properties influence both the formation and stability of atherosclerotic plaques. This review discusses the contribution of the ECM microenvironment in vascular homeostasis and remodeling in atherosclerosis, highlighting Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and its degrading enzyme ADAMTS7 as examples, and proposes potential avenues for future research aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis based on the ECM microenvironment.

血管细胞外基质(ECM)成分、相互作用和机械特性的改变会影响动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成和稳定性。本综述以软骨低聚基质蛋白(COMP)及其降解酶 ADAMTS7 为例,讨论了 ECM 微环境在动脉粥样硬化的血管稳态和重塑过程中的作用,并提出了未来研究的潜在途径,旨在根据 ECM 微环境确定动脉粥样硬化的新型治疗靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Physiology in Perspective. 透视生理学
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2024
Nikki Forrester
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引用次数: 0
Charting the Molecular Terrain of Exercise: The Power of Multi-Omic Mapping. 绘制运动分子地形图:多分子图谱的力量
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2024
Daniel H Katz, Malene E Lindholm, Euan A Ashley

Physical activity plays a fundamental role in human health and disease. Exercise has been shown to improve a wide variety of disease states, and the scientific community is committed to understanding the precise molecular mechanisms that underlie the exquisite benefits. This review provides an overview of molecular responses to acute exercise and chronic training, particularly energy mobilization and generation, structural adaptation, inflammation, and immune regulation. Further it offers a detailed discussion on known molecular signals and systemic regulators activated during various forms of exercise and their role in orchestrating health benefits. Critically, the increasing use of multi-omic technologies is explored with an emphasis on how multi-omic and multi-tissue studies contribute to a more profound understanding of exercise biology. These data inform anticipated future advancement in the field and highlight the prospect of integrating exercise with pharmacology for personalized disease prevention and treatment.

体育锻炼对人类健康和疾病起着至关重要的作用。运动已被证明能改善多种疾病状态,科学界正致力于了解其精妙益处的确切分子机制。本综述概述了急性运动和慢性训练的分子反应,特别是能量动员和生成、结构适应、炎症和免疫调节。此外,它还详细讨论了在各种形式的运动中激活的已知分子信号和系统调节因子,以及它们在协调健康益处方面的作用。重要的是,该书探讨了多基因组技术的日益广泛应用,重点是多基因组和多组织研究如何有助于更深入地了解运动生物学。这些数据为该领域未来的发展提供了预期信息,并强调了将运动与药理学结合起来进行个性化疾病预防和治疗的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Cell Membrane Tension Gradients, Membrane Flows, and Cellular Processes. 细胞膜张力梯度、膜流和细胞过程。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2024
Qi Yan, Carolina Gomis Perez, Erdem Karatekin

Cell membrane tension affects and is affected by many fundamental cellular processes, yet it is poorly understood. Recent experiments show that membrane tension can propagate at vastly different speeds in different cell types, reflecting physiological adaptations. Here we briefly review the current knowledge about membrane tension gradients, membrane flows, and their physiological context.

细胞膜张力影响着许多基本的细胞过程,也受这些过程的影响,但人们对它的了解却很少。最近的实验表明,膜张力在不同类型细胞中的传播速度大不相同,这反映了生理适应性。在此,我们简要回顾了目前有关膜张力梯度、膜流及其生理背景的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Physiology in Perspective. 透视生理学
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00025.2024
Nikki Forrester
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of Pathogen and Pesticide Resistance in Honey Bees. 蜜蜂对病原体和杀虫剂的抗药性机制。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2023
Leonard J Foster, Nadejda Tsvetkov, Alison McAfee

Bees are the most important insect pollinators of the crops humans grow, and Apis mellifera, the Western honey bee, is the most commonly managed species for this purpose. In addition to providing agricultural services, the complex biology of honey bees has been the subject of scientific study since the 18th century, and the intricate behaviors of honey bees and ants, fellow hymenopterans, inspired much sociobiological inquest. Unfortunately, honey bees are constantly exposed to parasites, pathogens, and xenobiotics, all of which pose threats to their health. Despite our curiosity about and dependence on honey bees, defining the molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with biotic and abiotic stressors has been challenging. The very aspects of their physiology and behavior that make them so important to agriculture also make them challenging to study, relative to canonical model organisms. However, because we rely on A. mellifera so much for pollination, we must continue our efforts to understand what ails them. Here, we review major advancements in our knowledge of honey bee physiology, focusing on immunity and detoxification, and highlight some challenges that remain.

蜜蜂是人类种植农作物最重要的授粉昆虫,而西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)是人类最常管理的授粉昆虫。除了提供农业服务外,蜜蜂复杂的生物学特性自 18 世纪以来一直是科学研究的主题,蜜蜂和蚂蚁--同属膜翅目昆虫--错综复杂的行为激发了许多社会生物学探索。不幸的是,蜜蜂经常受到寄生虫、病原体和异种生物的侵害,所有这些都对它们的健康构成威胁。尽管我们对蜜蜂充满好奇和依赖,但确定蜜蜂与生物和非生物压力源相互作用的分子机制却一直充满挑战。蜜蜂的生理和行为对农业如此重要,这也使它们的研究相对于典型模式生物而言具有挑战性。但是,由于我们非常依赖 A. mellifera 进行授粉,我们必须继续努力了解它们的病因。在此,我们将回顾蜜蜂生理学知识的主要进展,重点关注免疫和解毒,并强调仍然存在的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis. 囊性纤维化的肺血管功能障碍。
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2023
Jean-Pierre Amoakon, Goutham Mylavarapu, Raouf S Amin, Anjaparavanda P Naren

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.

囊性纤维化(CF)是一种遗传性疾病,由囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节器(CFTR)基因的有害突变引起。CFTR 蛋白是一种氯离子通道,在人体内多种细胞中均有表达,因此该基因突变会影响多个器官,尤其是肺部。正因为如此,有关 CF 疾病和 CFTR 功能的研究历来侧重于肺部气道上皮细胞。然而,二十多年前,人们发现 CFTR 在内皮细胞上也有表达和功能。尽管人们在了解 CFTR 在气道上皮细胞中的作用方面取得了长足进步,但 CFTR 在内皮细胞中的作用仍不清楚。考虑到气道上皮细胞和内皮细胞协同工作以实现气体交换,了解 CFTR 蛋白缺陷如何影响肺血管和整体肺功能就变得非常重要。幸运的是,最近有更多的研究致力于阐明 CFTR 在内皮中的作用。因此,与 CF 疾病相关的几种血管功能障碍已经显现出来。在此,我们总结了目前有关 CF 肺血管功能障碍的知识,并讨论了适用的疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Burning Question: How Does Our Brain Process Positive and Negative Cues Associated with Thermosensation? 我们的大脑如何处理积极和消极的热感线索?
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00034.2023
Jose G Grajales-Reyes, Bandy Chen, David Meseguer, Marc Schneeberger

Whether it is the dramatic suffocating sensation from a heat wave in the summer or the positive reinforcement arising from a hot drink on a cold day; we can certainly agree that our thermal environment underlies our daily rhythms of sensation. Extensive research has focused on deciphering the central circuits responsible for conveying the impact of thermogenesis on mammalian behavior. Here, we revise the recent literature responsible for defining the behavioral correlates that arise from thermogenic fluctuations in mammals. We transition from the physiological significance of thermosensation to the circuitry responsible for the autonomic or behavioral responses associated with it. Subsequently, we delve into the positive and negative valence encoded by thermoregulatory processes. Importantly, we emphasize the crucial junctures where reward, pain, and thermoregulation intersect, unveiling a complex interplay within these neural circuits. Finally, we briefly outline fundamental questions that are pending to be addressed in the field. Fully deciphering the thermoregulatory circuitry in mammals will have far-reaching medical implications. For instance, it may lead to the identification of novel targets to overcome thermal pain or allow the maintenance of our core temperature in prolonged surgeries.

无论是夏季热浪带来的令人窒息的剧烈感觉,还是寒冷天气中一杯热饮带来的积极强化作用,我们肯定都同意,热环境是我们日常感觉节奏的基础。大量研究都集中在破译负责传递产热对哺乳动物行为影响的中枢回路上。在此,我们将对近期负责定义哺乳动物产热波动所产生的行为相关性的文献进行修订。我们从热感觉的生理意义过渡到负责与之相关的自律神经或行为反应的电路。随后,我们深入探讨了体温调节过程所编码的积极和消极情绪。重要的是,我们强调了奖赏、疼痛和体温调节相互交叉的关键节点,揭示了这些神经回路内部复杂的相互作用。最后,我们简要概述了该领域有待解决的基本问题。完全破解哺乳动物的体温调节回路将产生深远的医学影响。例如,它可能导致确定克服热痛的新目标,或允许在长时间手术中保持我们的核心温度。
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引用次数: 0
Synergism Between Hypothalamic Astrocytes and Neurons in Metabolic Control. 下丘脑星形胶质细胞和神经元在新陈代谢控制中的协同作用
IF 5.3 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2024
Laura M Frago, Alfonso Gómez-Romero, Roberto Collado-Pérez, Jesús Argente, Julie A Chowen

Astrocytes are no longer considered as passive support cells. In the hypothalamus, these glial cells actively participate in the control of appetite, energy expenditure, and the processes leading to obesity and its secondary complications. Here we briefly review studies supporting this conclusion and the advances made in understanding the underlying mechanisms.

星形胶质细胞不再被视为被动的支持细胞。在下丘脑中,这些胶质细胞积极参与控制食欲、能量消耗和导致肥胖及其继发性并发症的过程。在此,我们简要回顾了支持这一结论的研究以及在了解其潜在机制方面取得的进展。
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Physiology
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