Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases最新文献

Background and aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important determinant of cardiometabolic disease development, with excessive sugar intake as one of the key modifiable risk factors. However, evidence on the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), their replacement by low/no caloric beverages (LNCB), and MetS development is still limited.

Methods and results: Data from participants' of Lifelines (n = 58 220), NQPlus (n = 1094) and Feel4Diabetes (n = 342) were prospectively analysed. Dose-response associations were investigated using restricted cubic spline analyses (Lifelines). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with robust variance was used to quantify associations between intakes of SSB, fruit juices (FJ) and LNCB and MetS incidence; data were pooled using random-effects models. Associations were adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and other dietary factors. In Lifelines, NQPlus, and Feel4Diabetes, 3853 (7 %), 47 (4 %), and 39 (11 %) participants developed MetS, respectively. Pooled analyses showed that each additional serving of SSB was associated with a 6 % higher risk of MetS (95%CI 1.02-1.10). A J-shaped association was observed for FJ and MetS, with a significant inverse association at moderate intake levels (IPR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.82-0.96). LNCB intake was not associated with MetS (IPR 1.59, 95%CI 0.74-2.43), but findings across studies were inconsistent (I² 94 %, p-value <0.01). Replacing SSB with FJ or LNCB did not show any associations with MetS incidence.

Conclusion: SSB intake was adversely associated with MetS incidence. A J-shaped association was observed between FJ and MetS. For LNCB, results were inconsistent across studies and therefore findings must be interpreted cautiously.

Background and aims: Stroke patients may exhibit low thyroid hormone (TH) levels and disease-related malnutrition, both potentially affecting clinical status; their relationships remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate TH concentrations in subacute stroke patients and investigate the relationships between TH levels, nutritional risk, and functional status.

Methods and results: Early subacute stroke patients admitted to a rehabilitation unit were assessed using various nutritional screening tools (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index-GNRI, Prognostic Nutritional Index-PNI, and Controlling Nutritional Status-CONUT score) and with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Tetraiodothyronine-Thyroxine (fT4) and free Triiodothyronine (fT3) levels were determined. Functional and cognitive status was evaluated using different scales. Associations between altered THs and nutritional status were examined through univariate/multivariate analyses and ROC analyses. Among 264 patients (age 72.0 ± 10.5 yrs), significant correlations emerged between fT3 and nutritional risk and functional tests (mostly p < 0.001). The prevalence of high nutritional risk determined by GNRI, PNI and CONUT increased from higher to lower fT3 tertiles. Lower fT3 levels were observed in patients at high nutritional risk and with GLIM-based malnutrition. fT3 exhibited reasonable predictive power for high nutritional risk (particularly PNI: AUC 0.769, 95%CI 0.702-0.836, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified nutritional risk (p < 0.001) and time from stroke onset as predictors of low fT3 values.

Conclusion: Altered fT3 levels in early subacute stroke patients correlate with high nutritional risk and poor functional status. Low fT3 values upon admission for stroke rehabilitation may serve as a further parameter to be considered in patients at high nutritional risk.

Background and aims: To assess the association between dental caries and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.

Methods and results: The analysis included adolescents aged 13-17 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 who completed an Oral Health Examination. Untreated caries was defined as having one or more decayed teeth. Caries experience was assessed by Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) score. Primary cardiometabolic outcomes included elevated BP (defined as BP 120-129/<80 mmHg) and hypertensive BP (defined as BP ≥ 130/80 mmHg). Secondary cardiometabolic outcomes included obesity, dyslipidemia (defined as any abnormal lipid level), glucose intolerance (measured by HOMA-IR), and microalbuminuria (defined as urine albumin: creatinine ≥30 mg/mg). Adjusted linear and logistic models examined associations using complex survey design procedures. In the sample of 2861 adolescents, 25.6 % (1.3 %) had untreated caries. 55.4 % (1.3 %) had DMFT ≥1. In adjusted regression analyses, untreated caries status was not significantly associated with primary outcomes of elevated BP (OR = 1.04, 95 % CI 0.71, 1.52 p > 0.05), hypertensive BP (OR = 1.72, 95 % CI 0.71, 3.89 p > 0.05), nor secondary cardiometabolic outcomes. No statistically significant associations were found between DMFT score and primary outcomes of elevated BP (OR = 0.01, 95 % CI 0.34, 1.07 p > 0.05), hypertensive BP (OR = 0.91, 95 % CI 0.81, 1.08 p > 0.05), or secondary cardiometabolic outcomes.

Conclusion: Although studies in other countries and in adults show associations between caries and cardiometabolic outcomes, this study did not find an association between caries and cardiometabolic markers.

Background and aim: We examined whether a plasma ceramide-based risk score (CERT1 score), a newly proposed tool for cardiovascular risk prediction, is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and results: We studied 167 ambulatory patients who consecutively underwent stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) for clinical reasons in 2017 (at baseline) and then followed for a median of 6 years (inter-quartile range: 4.7-6.6 years). For the calculation of the CERT1 score, both before and after stress MPS, we measured three specific plasma ceramide concentrations [Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1)] and their ratio to Cer(d18:1/24:0) using a targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay. The primary outcome of the study was a composite of all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction. During a median of 6 years, a total of 50 events occurred (26 all-cause deaths and 24 nonfatal myocardial infarctions). There was a significant association between pre-stress CERT1 risk categories (high vs. low risk) at baseline and the risk of developing the primary composite outcome (unadjusted HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.02-3.14). This risk remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, pre-existing CAD, left ventricular ejection fraction, and stress-induced inducible myocardial ischemia on MPS (adjusted HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.17-4.41, p = 0.015). Almost identical results were observed for post-stress CERT1 risk categories.

Conclusions: Pre-stress and post-stress CERT1 high-risk categories at baseline were strongly associated with an increased long-term risk of all-cause mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with suspected or established CAD.

Background and aims: Nutritional imbalance at the beginning of life, a critical window period, leads to the development of obesity, overweight, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. In this study, the effects and associations of overnutrition during lactation on energy metabolism and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes of adult male Swiss mice were examined.

Methods and results: Animals were divided into two groups (control and overfed) subjected to baseline and ischemia/reperfusion conditions, forming four groups: control baseline (CBL), control ischemia/reperfusion (CIR), overfed baseline (OBL), and overfed ischemia/reperfusion (OIR). The hearts were analyzed for hemodynamics using the Langendorff technique, mitochondrial energy metabolism using the Oroboros apparatus, ATP production, oxidative stress, and SIRT1, pSTAT3 and STAT3 protein content by Western blotting. Hemodynamic abnormalities in the cardiovascular system were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by impaired carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation capacity, decreased mitochondrial coupling in the OG, and reduced ATP production in the OIR group. Alteration in pSTAT3 and SIRT1 proteins expression in overfed mice reinforce energy metabolism impairment. Lipid and/or protein degradation is altered in the heart of OG, suggesting increased oxidative stress.

Conclusion: Overnutrition during lactation associated with heart ischemia leads to molecular cardiac alterations in STAT3 and SIRT1 proteins, compromising energy metabolism via reduced mitochondrial oxidation capacity, ATP production and increased lipid peroxidation.