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Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore the Intention of Farmers to Use Livestock Protection Measures 用计划行为理论探讨农户使用畜禽保护措施的意愿
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00034
Julia Stauder
Livestock protection measures are necessary to protect livestock from wolf attacks but are highly controversial in the agricultural community. This qualitative study referred to the theory of planned behavior to explore the social elements that influence farmers' intention to use or reject livestock protection measures. Data were collected from 45 sheep farmers on 4 alpine pastures in the Alpine province of Bolzano, Italy, using semistructured interviews. Results show, first, a predominantly negative attitude toward livestock protection measures because of perceived technical constraints, excessive workload, and emotional stress. Second, family, friends, and other sheep farmers were the most important referent groups and could trigger social stress to support or hinder the use of protection measures. Third, perceived behavioral control was constrained by a lack of professional advice in the province regarding protection measures and a lack of funding for additional costs involved. Intentions to use these measures in the future were equally positive and negative, with the sheer inevitability of needing protection measures to allow continued grazing cited as the primary motivator. These findings underline the importance of considering social factors in management plans and conflict mitigation actions and serve as a basis for further, more detailed studies.
牲畜保护措施是保护牲畜免受狼袭击的必要措施,但在农业界却极具争议。这项定性研究参考了计划行为理论,探讨了影响农民使用或拒绝牲畜保护措施意愿的社会因素。数据是通过半结构访谈从意大利博尔扎诺阿尔卑斯省4个高山牧场的45名养羊户那里收集的。结果表明,首先,由于技术限制、工作量过大和情绪压力,人们对牲畜保护措施持消极态度。其次,家人、朋友和其他养羊人是最重要的参照群体,可能会引发社会压力,支持或阻碍保护措施的使用。第三,由于该省缺乏有关保护措施的专业建议,以及缺乏额外费用的资金,感知到的行为控制受到了限制。未来使用这些措施的意图既有积极的一面,也有消极的一面,需要保护措施以允许继续放牧的必然性被认为是主要动机。这些发现强调了在管理计划和缓解冲突行动中考虑社会因素的重要性,并为进一步、更详细的研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Hepaticoduodenostomy in Combined Endoscopic Ultrasound-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Biliary Drainage for Malignant Hilar Biliary Obstruction. 内镜超声-内镜逆行胰胆管造影胆道引流术治疗恶性肝门胆道梗阻的肝十二指肠造口术
IF 0.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-14 eCollection Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1159/000530977
Diogo Bernardo Moura, Nuno Nunes, Carolina Chálim Rebelo, Francisca Côrte-Real, Nuno Paz, Maria Antónia Duarte
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Information 出版商信息
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-43.2.p2
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引用次数: 0
Boost in Visitor Numbers Post COVID-19 Shutdown: Consequences for an Alpine National Park 新冠肺炎关闭后游客人数增加:对阿尔卑斯山国家公园的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00025
S. Wipf, A. H. Michel, Diego Walder, Felix Poelsma, P. Anderwald, Sam S. Cruickshank, Francesca Jaroszynska, C. Rossi, N. Backhaus
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed recreation patterns worldwide. Increases in protected areas' visitor numbers were reported along with associated challenges. Changes in visitor numbers, composition, and motivation remain mostly unrecorded due to a lack of baseline records for comparison. We aimed to fill this gap with a study in the Swiss National Park (SNP), an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) strict nature reserve in the European Alps, where visitor numbers strongly increased in 2020 and 2021 compared to previous years. In summer 2020, we repeated a visitor survey previously conducted in 2006 and 2012, complemented by assessments of COVID-19-related motivations. To deepen our understanding of the COVID-19 context, we conducted semistructured interviews with SNP visitors. In general, COVID-19-related factors were a strong driver of increased visitor numbers. A fifth of survey respondents indicated that they would not have visited the SNP but for the pandemic, with most of them being first-time or infrequent visitors. Furthermore, our data showed that more young, domestic, and less experienced visitors came to the park. We discuss impacts and implications for practitioners and researchers (ie the need to better sensitize newcomers to environmental issues) and argue that our study holds insights for park managers worldwide.
2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行改变了全球娱乐模式。据报道,保护区游客数量的增加以及相关的挑战。由于缺乏可供比较的基线记录,访客数量、构成和动机的变化大多未被记录。我们旨在通过在瑞士国家公园(SNP)进行的一项研究来填补这一空白。瑞士国家公园是国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)在欧洲阿尔卑斯山的严格自然保护区,与往年相比,2020年和2021年的游客数量大幅增加。2020年夏天,我们重复了之前在2006年和2012年进行的游客调查,并对新冠肺炎相关动机进行了评估。为了加深我们对新冠肺炎背景的理解,我们对苏格兰民族党的来访者进行了半结构化采访。总的来说,新冠肺炎相关因素是游客数量增加的有力驱动因素。五分之一的受访者表示,如果不是因为疫情,他们不会访问苏格兰民族党,其中大多数是首次或不经常访问的人。此外,我们的数据显示,更多的年轻、国内和经验不足的游客来到公园。我们讨论了对从业者和研究人员的影响和影响(即需要更好地提高新来者对环境问题的敏感性),并认为我们的研究为世界各地的公园管理者提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Two Close-to-Nature Lifestyles, One Benefit for the Cultural Landscape: Comparing Lifestyle Movers and Lifestyle Farmers in the Remote European Eastern Alps 两种接近自然的生活方式,一种文化景观的好处:比较欧洲偏远的东阿尔卑斯山的生活方式推动者和生活方式农民
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00033
Bernhard Grüner
Increasing affluence permits economically induced mobilities from mountain valleys in the European Alps downward to (urban) lowlands. Research on crosscurrents beyond economic constraints is still in its infancy, especially in the remote Eastern Alps. Hence, I studied 2 conscious lifestyle mobilities in 3 remote regions of Alpine Austria and Italy: those of lifestyle movers who relocated to a mountain community and lifestyle farmers who entered mountain agriculture without a farming background. I interviewed 25 movers and 24 farmers on their challenges and opportunities on site and their engagement with the local cultural landscape. The results show that their spatial or social mobility enables them to have a close-to-nature lifestyle; housing and land access are key challenges they experience. Due to sociocultural assimilation, lifestyle movers—mostly extra-Alpine urbanites—tend to reproduce the cultural landscape that motivated their relocation. Most lifestyle farmers are locals, which empowers them to rethink conventions and regenerate agriculture. By consciously maintaining the cultural landscape, both groups foster the preservation and development of local socioeconomic and cultural structures that are vital to surviving in the Alpine periphery—and thus key to the survival of the Alpine cultural landscape. Spatial and, even more so, social lifestyle mobility in mountain regions holds significant potential that is often neglected by demographic research and not clearly perceived by local policymakers.
日益增长的财富使得经济上的人口流动从欧洲阿尔卑斯山的山谷向下迁移到(城市的)低地。经济限制之外的跨流研究仍处于起步阶段,特别是在偏远的东阿尔卑斯山。因此,我研究了奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉和意大利三个偏远地区的两种有意识的生活方式流动:一种是搬迁到山区社区的生活方式迁移者,另一种是没有农业背景进入山区农业的生活方式农民。我采访了25位搬运工和24位农民,了解他们在现场面临的挑战和机遇,以及他们与当地文化景观的互动。结果表明,他们的空间或社会流动性使他们拥有接近自然的生活方式;住房和土地使用权是他们面临的主要挑战。由于社会文化的同化,生活方式的迁移者——主要是阿尔卑斯以外的城市居民——倾向于重现促使他们搬迁的文化景观。大多数生活方式农民都是当地人,这使他们能够重新思考传统和再生农业。通过有意识地维护文化景观,两个群体都促进了当地社会经济和文化结构的保护和发展,这些结构对阿尔卑斯山周边地区的生存至关重要,因此也是阿尔卑斯山文化景观生存的关键。山区的空间,甚至更重要的是,社会生活方式的流动性具有巨大的潜力,往往被人口研究所忽视,也没有被当地政策制定者清楚地认识到。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Information 出版商信息
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-43.3.p2
Abstract not available
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Environmental and Social Monitoring in the Andes: State of the Art, Knowledge Gaps, and Priorities for an Integrated Agenda 安第斯山脉的长期环境和社会监测:最新技术、知识差距和综合议程的优先事项
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00018
J. Carilla, E. Aráoz, Oriana Osinaga Acosta, A. Malizia, Matilde Malizia, Y. Jimenez, M. Peralvo, Alexandra Garces, G. Lasso, L. Llambí
Andean social–ecological systems (SES) play a key role in the livelihoods of South American people by conserving biodiversity, providing natural resources, and regulating water supply. Long-term social–ecological monitoring (LTSEM) of Andean SES needs to be coordinated to inform sustainable management and increase resilience. We combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to identify the state of the art, knowledge gaps, and monitoring priorities for a research agenda targeted toward Andean LTSEM. We carried out participatory and transdisciplinary meetings to design a conceptual model of the functioning and monitoring of Andean SES. This was contrasted with the themes and labels of LTSEMs identified through an electronic survey and active searches of bibliographies and montane monitoring networks. Most LTSEM addressed biophysical issues, with a minor fraction addressing social aspects; participatory efforts were very rare. By combining both approaches, we identified research priorities that were grouped into 5 categories. Our main proposals advocate: (1) the development of integrated models of Andean SES to frame a transdisciplinary approach in long-term studies, (2) the coordination of independent LTSEMs to forecast the functioning of Andean SES under environmental change scenarios, (3) the inclusion of external dynamics and drivers on Andean systems, (4) the promotion of science–policy dialogue to attain a more effective governance of mountain SES, and (5) the increase of information accessibility to improve the adaptive management of Andean SES.
安第斯社会生态系统(SES)通过保护生物多样性、提供自然资源和调节供水,在南美洲人民的生计中发挥着关键作用。需要协调安第斯SES的长期社会生态监测(LTSEM),以便为可持续管理提供信息并增强复原力。我们结合了定量和定性的方法来确定最先进的状态,知识差距,并为针对安第斯LTSEM的研究议程监测优先事项。我们举行了参与性和跨学科会议,以设计安第斯社会经济系统运作和监测的概念模型。这与通过电子调查和积极搜索书目和山区监测网络确定的ltsem的主题和标签形成对比。大多数LTSEM涉及生物物理问题,一小部分涉及社会方面;参与性努力非常罕见。通过结合这两种方法,我们确定了研究重点,分为5类。我们的主要建议主张:(1)建立安第斯山脉SES综合模型,构建跨学科的长期研究方法;(2)协调独立的ltsem,预测安第斯山脉SES在环境变化情景下的功能;(3)纳入安第斯山脉系统的外部动力和驱动因素;(4)促进科学-政策对话,实现更有效的山地SES治理。(5)增加信息可及性,提高安第斯山地森林的适应性管理。
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引用次数: 0
Mountain Resilience: A Tool for Mudflow Risk Management in the Ile Alatau Mountains, Kazakhstan 山区复原力:哈萨克斯坦Ile Alatau山区泥石流风险管理工具
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-22-00004
A. Mussina, Zh. T. Raimbekova, M. Shahgedanova, M. Barandun, K. Narbayeva, Assel Abdullayeva, A. Nyssanbayeva
The densely populated central part of the Ile Alatau mountains is one of the most mudflow-prone areas of Kazakhstan. Implementation of protection measures, early warning systems, and risk management plans is crucial to protect livelihoods and infrastructure from damage caused by mudflows. Increasing harm and damage from mudflows in recent decades—due to more frequent events, as well as increased economic development of the area—has made the establishment and implementation of a mudflow risk management system a priority. The effectiveness of such a system largely depends on the scientific validity of the management plan and hence is determined by the level of knowledge of the physical processes triggering such events. This knowledge is based on information that must be collected, analyzed, and systematized. However, such data are not easy to access; they are scattered over different archives and research institutes or simply missing. In recent years, scientific monographs, articles, and reports have been published that attempt to collect and systematize data on mudflow phenomena in general. These efforts provide a basis for further work but are often not readily available for use. This article presents the updateable, interactive, intelligent information system “Mudflow phenomena of the central part of the Ile Alatau” that links cartographic information with data on mudflow formation centers. This system concentrates and collates existing knowledge, making it accessible to stakeholders and decision-makers who can turn this knowledge into suitable applications for adaptive and sustainable risk management.
Ile Alatau山脉人口稠密的中部是哈萨克斯坦最容易发生泥石流的地区之一。实施保护措施、预警系统和风险管理计划对于保护生计和基础设施免受泥石流破坏至关重要。近几十年来,由于事件更加频繁,以及该地区经济发展的加快,泥石流造成的危害和破坏越来越大,因此建立和实施泥石流风险管理系统成为当务之急。这种系统的有效性在很大程度上取决于管理计划的科学有效性,因此由引发此类事件的物理过程的知识水平决定。这些知识是基于必须收集、分析和系统化的信息。然而,这些数据并不容易获取;它们分散在不同的档案馆和研究机构,或者干脆不见了。近年来,已经出版了科学专著、文章和报告,试图收集和系统化有关一般泥石流现象的数据。这些努力为进一步的工作提供了基础,但通常不容易使用。本文介绍了可更新、交互式、智能的信息系统“Ile Alatau中部的泥石流现象”,该系统将地图信息与泥石流形成中心的数据联系起来。该系统集中和整理现有知识,使利益相关者和决策者能够将这些知识转化为适应性和可持续风险管理的适当应用。
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引用次数: 0
Renewable Electricity Production in Mountain Regions: Toward a People-Centered Energy Transition Agenda 山区可再生电力生产:迈向以人为本的能源转型议程
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00062
C. Scott, S. Khaling, Padmendra Shrestha, F. S. Riera, K. Choden, Kasvi Singh
This paper examines progress and limitations in the transition from current dependence on carbon-based energy toward clean, renewable, and socially just energy in the Hindu Kush Himalaya and the Andes. Focusing on electricity production from sustainable hydropower, solar, and wind energy, the assessment does not cover biomass energy, although this is recognized to be an important energy source in these regions. Using meta-analysis methods, a set of 68 peer-reviewed publications was reviewed to systematically address 2 research questions: (1) Which electricity generation options in mountains can address local demands and adaptation needs while supporting broader decarbonization efforts? (2) What technical innovations, policy, and governance mechanisms can aid this transition? Considering governance, finance, individual and collective action, and science and technology dimensions of the transition challenge, recommendations for policymakers, mountain communities, and practitioners are made. These include setting up clear and effective policy measures, programs, and incentives to support energy transition plans and help mountain communities and energy practitioners to fully embrace the transition. Strong political commitment supported by international cooperation for a transition agenda centered on mountain people will enable community participation, stimulate technological innovation, and establish mechanisms to monitor and enforce social and environmental impact remediation.
本文考察了兴都库什-喜马拉雅山脉和安第斯山脉从目前依赖碳基能源向清洁、可再生和社会公正能源过渡的进展和局限性。该评估侧重于可持续水电、太阳能和风能的电力生产,不包括生物质能,尽管生物质能被认为是这些地区的重要能源。使用荟萃分析方法,对一组68篇同行评审的出版物进行了审查,以系统地解决2个研究问题:(1)山区的哪些发电方案可以满足当地需求和适应需求,同时支持更广泛的脱碳工作?(2) 哪些技术创新、政策和治理机制可以帮助实现这一转变?考虑到过渡挑战的治理、财政、个人和集体行动以及科学和技术层面,向决策者、山区社区和从业者提出了建议。其中包括制定明确有效的政策措施、计划和激励措施,以支持能源转型计划,并帮助山区社区和能源从业者充分接受转型。在以山区人民为中心的过渡议程的国际合作支持下,强有力的政治承诺将使社区能够参与,刺激技术创新,并建立监测和执行社会和环境影响补救的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Information 出版商信息
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-43.1.p2
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引用次数: 0
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Mountain Research and Development
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