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4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-43.2.p2
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引用次数: 0
Two Close-to-Nature Lifestyles, One Benefit for the Cultural Landscape: Comparing Lifestyle Movers and Lifestyle Farmers in the Remote European Eastern Alps 两种接近自然的生活方式,一种文化景观的好处:比较欧洲偏远的东阿尔卑斯山的生活方式推动者和生活方式农民
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00033
Bernhard Grüner
Increasing affluence permits economically induced mobilities from mountain valleys in the European Alps downward to (urban) lowlands. Research on crosscurrents beyond economic constraints is still in its infancy, especially in the remote Eastern Alps. Hence, I studied 2 conscious lifestyle mobilities in 3 remote regions of Alpine Austria and Italy: those of lifestyle movers who relocated to a mountain community and lifestyle farmers who entered mountain agriculture without a farming background. I interviewed 25 movers and 24 farmers on their challenges and opportunities on site and their engagement with the local cultural landscape. The results show that their spatial or social mobility enables them to have a close-to-nature lifestyle; housing and land access are key challenges they experience. Due to sociocultural assimilation, lifestyle movers—mostly extra-Alpine urbanites—tend to reproduce the cultural landscape that motivated their relocation. Most lifestyle farmers are locals, which empowers them to rethink conventions and regenerate agriculture. By consciously maintaining the cultural landscape, both groups foster the preservation and development of local socioeconomic and cultural structures that are vital to surviving in the Alpine periphery—and thus key to the survival of the Alpine cultural landscape. Spatial and, even more so, social lifestyle mobility in mountain regions holds significant potential that is often neglected by demographic research and not clearly perceived by local policymakers.
日益增长的财富使得经济上的人口流动从欧洲阿尔卑斯山的山谷向下迁移到(城市的)低地。经济限制之外的跨流研究仍处于起步阶段,特别是在偏远的东阿尔卑斯山。因此,我研究了奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉和意大利三个偏远地区的两种有意识的生活方式流动:一种是搬迁到山区社区的生活方式迁移者,另一种是没有农业背景进入山区农业的生活方式农民。我采访了25位搬运工和24位农民,了解他们在现场面临的挑战和机遇,以及他们与当地文化景观的互动。结果表明,他们的空间或社会流动性使他们拥有接近自然的生活方式;住房和土地使用权是他们面临的主要挑战。由于社会文化的同化,生活方式的迁移者——主要是阿尔卑斯以外的城市居民——倾向于重现促使他们搬迁的文化景观。大多数生活方式农民都是当地人,这使他们能够重新思考传统和再生农业。通过有意识地维护文化景观,两个群体都促进了当地社会经济和文化结构的保护和发展,这些结构对阿尔卑斯山周边地区的生存至关重要,因此也是阿尔卑斯山文化景观生存的关键。山区的空间,甚至更重要的是,社会生活方式的流动性具有巨大的潜力,往往被人口研究所忽视,也没有被当地政策制定者清楚地认识到。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Information 出版商信息
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-43.3.p2
Abstract not available
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Long-Term Environmental and Social Monitoring in the Andes: State of the Art, Knowledge Gaps, and Priorities for an Integrated Agenda 安第斯山脉的长期环境和社会监测:最新技术、知识差距和综合议程的优先事项
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00018
J. Carilla, E. Aráoz, Oriana Osinaga Acosta, A. Malizia, Matilde Malizia, Y. Jimenez, M. Peralvo, Alexandra Garces, G. Lasso, L. Llambí
Andean social–ecological systems (SES) play a key role in the livelihoods of South American people by conserving biodiversity, providing natural resources, and regulating water supply. Long-term social–ecological monitoring (LTSEM) of Andean SES needs to be coordinated to inform sustainable management and increase resilience. We combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to identify the state of the art, knowledge gaps, and monitoring priorities for a research agenda targeted toward Andean LTSEM. We carried out participatory and transdisciplinary meetings to design a conceptual model of the functioning and monitoring of Andean SES. This was contrasted with the themes and labels of LTSEMs identified through an electronic survey and active searches of bibliographies and montane monitoring networks. Most LTSEM addressed biophysical issues, with a minor fraction addressing social aspects; participatory efforts were very rare. By combining both approaches, we identified research priorities that were grouped into 5 categories. Our main proposals advocate: (1) the development of integrated models of Andean SES to frame a transdisciplinary approach in long-term studies, (2) the coordination of independent LTSEMs to forecast the functioning of Andean SES under environmental change scenarios, (3) the inclusion of external dynamics and drivers on Andean systems, (4) the promotion of science–policy dialogue to attain a more effective governance of mountain SES, and (5) the increase of information accessibility to improve the adaptive management of Andean SES.
安第斯社会生态系统(SES)通过保护生物多样性、提供自然资源和调节供水,在南美洲人民的生计中发挥着关键作用。需要协调安第斯SES的长期社会生态监测(LTSEM),以便为可持续管理提供信息并增强复原力。我们结合了定量和定性的方法来确定最先进的状态,知识差距,并为针对安第斯LTSEM的研究议程监测优先事项。我们举行了参与性和跨学科会议,以设计安第斯社会经济系统运作和监测的概念模型。这与通过电子调查和积极搜索书目和山区监测网络确定的ltsem的主题和标签形成对比。大多数LTSEM涉及生物物理问题,一小部分涉及社会方面;参与性努力非常罕见。通过结合这两种方法,我们确定了研究重点,分为5类。我们的主要建议主张:(1)建立安第斯山脉SES综合模型,构建跨学科的长期研究方法;(2)协调独立的ltsem,预测安第斯山脉SES在环境变化情景下的功能;(3)纳入安第斯山脉系统的外部动力和驱动因素;(4)促进科学-政策对话,实现更有效的山地SES治理。(5)增加信息可及性,提高安第斯山地森林的适应性管理。
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引用次数: 0
Mountain Resilience: A Tool for Mudflow Risk Management in the Ile Alatau Mountains, Kazakhstan 山区复原力:哈萨克斯坦Ile Alatau山区泥石流风险管理工具
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-22-00004
A. Mussina, Zh. T. Raimbekova, M. Shahgedanova, M. Barandun, K. Narbayeva, Assel Abdullayeva, A. Nyssanbayeva
The densely populated central part of the Ile Alatau mountains is one of the most mudflow-prone areas of Kazakhstan. Implementation of protection measures, early warning systems, and risk management plans is crucial to protect livelihoods and infrastructure from damage caused by mudflows. Increasing harm and damage from mudflows in recent decades—due to more frequent events, as well as increased economic development of the area—has made the establishment and implementation of a mudflow risk management system a priority. The effectiveness of such a system largely depends on the scientific validity of the management plan and hence is determined by the level of knowledge of the physical processes triggering such events. This knowledge is based on information that must be collected, analyzed, and systematized. However, such data are not easy to access; they are scattered over different archives and research institutes or simply missing. In recent years, scientific monographs, articles, and reports have been published that attempt to collect and systematize data on mudflow phenomena in general. These efforts provide a basis for further work but are often not readily available for use. This article presents the updateable, interactive, intelligent information system “Mudflow phenomena of the central part of the Ile Alatau” that links cartographic information with data on mudflow formation centers. This system concentrates and collates existing knowledge, making it accessible to stakeholders and decision-makers who can turn this knowledge into suitable applications for adaptive and sustainable risk management.
Ile Alatau山脉人口稠密的中部是哈萨克斯坦最容易发生泥石流的地区之一。实施保护措施、预警系统和风险管理计划对于保护生计和基础设施免受泥石流破坏至关重要。近几十年来,由于事件更加频繁,以及该地区经济发展的加快,泥石流造成的危害和破坏越来越大,因此建立和实施泥石流风险管理系统成为当务之急。这种系统的有效性在很大程度上取决于管理计划的科学有效性,因此由引发此类事件的物理过程的知识水平决定。这些知识是基于必须收集、分析和系统化的信息。然而,这些数据并不容易获取;它们分散在不同的档案馆和研究机构,或者干脆不见了。近年来,已经出版了科学专著、文章和报告,试图收集和系统化有关一般泥石流现象的数据。这些努力为进一步的工作提供了基础,但通常不容易使用。本文介绍了可更新、交互式、智能的信息系统“Ile Alatau中部的泥石流现象”,该系统将地图信息与泥石流形成中心的数据联系起来。该系统集中和整理现有知识,使利益相关者和决策者能够将这些知识转化为适应性和可持续风险管理的适当应用。
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引用次数: 0
Renewable Electricity Production in Mountain Regions: Toward a People-Centered Energy Transition Agenda 山区可再生电力生产:迈向以人为本的能源转型议程
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00062
C. Scott, S. Khaling, Padmendra Shrestha, F. S. Riera, K. Choden, Kasvi Singh
This paper examines progress and limitations in the transition from current dependence on carbon-based energy toward clean, renewable, and socially just energy in the Hindu Kush Himalaya and the Andes. Focusing on electricity production from sustainable hydropower, solar, and wind energy, the assessment does not cover biomass energy, although this is recognized to be an important energy source in these regions. Using meta-analysis methods, a set of 68 peer-reviewed publications was reviewed to systematically address 2 research questions: (1) Which electricity generation options in mountains can address local demands and adaptation needs while supporting broader decarbonization efforts? (2) What technical innovations, policy, and governance mechanisms can aid this transition? Considering governance, finance, individual and collective action, and science and technology dimensions of the transition challenge, recommendations for policymakers, mountain communities, and practitioners are made. These include setting up clear and effective policy measures, programs, and incentives to support energy transition plans and help mountain communities and energy practitioners to fully embrace the transition. Strong political commitment supported by international cooperation for a transition agenda centered on mountain people will enable community participation, stimulate technological innovation, and establish mechanisms to monitor and enforce social and environmental impact remediation.
本文考察了兴都库什-喜马拉雅山脉和安第斯山脉从目前依赖碳基能源向清洁、可再生和社会公正能源过渡的进展和局限性。该评估侧重于可持续水电、太阳能和风能的电力生产,不包括生物质能,尽管生物质能被认为是这些地区的重要能源。使用荟萃分析方法,对一组68篇同行评审的出版物进行了审查,以系统地解决2个研究问题:(1)山区的哪些发电方案可以满足当地需求和适应需求,同时支持更广泛的脱碳工作?(2) 哪些技术创新、政策和治理机制可以帮助实现这一转变?考虑到过渡挑战的治理、财政、个人和集体行动以及科学和技术层面,向决策者、山区社区和从业者提出了建议。其中包括制定明确有效的政策措施、计划和激励措施,以支持能源转型计划,并帮助山区社区和能源从业者充分接受转型。在以山区人民为中心的过渡议程的国际合作支持下,强有力的政治承诺将使社区能够参与,刺激技术创新,并建立监测和执行社会和环境影响补救的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Information 出版商信息
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-43.1.p2
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引用次数: 0
Social Innovations and the Mountain Economy: The Case of 100% Valposchiavo and Its Influence on Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises 社会创新与山区经济——以100%瓦尔波希亚沃为例及其对中小企业的影响
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2022.00023
Anna-Lena Stettler, H. Mayer
This article examines how social innovations influence the economic growth orientation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in mountain regions. Social innovations can help mountain regions solve local challenges by creating novel ideas to improve the situation. This, in turn, can have various effects on the mountain economy. However, there is still no consensus on the ways in which social innovations create economic impulses such as economic growth or even economic growth independence. This article aims to improve our understanding of social innovations and their impact on the local mountain economy. We examine the 100% Valposchiavo initiative, which aims to close regional value chains by bringing together economic actors in agriculture, production, and hospitality in a Swiss mountain region. In particular, the article examines the evolution of the initiative and its impact on local SMEs. We employed the novel method of innovation biographies and conducted narrative and guided interviews to examine the ways in which the initiative evolved and what its effects are on participating SMEs. The results show that 100% Valposchiavo induced potential growth effects through its focus on increased collaboration, whereas (re)localization created growth-independent effects. Some companies are growth dependent because of higher demand, junior management, modernization efforts, or a fast-growing market. The growth-independent companies pursue this strategy through personal contacts, their corporate philosophy, their management age, or their business form. Our study adds a postgrowth perspective to the discussion around the role of social innovations in mountain economies.
本文考察了社会创新如何影响山区中小企业的经济增长方向。社会创新可以通过创造新颖的想法来改善局势,帮助山区解决当地的挑战。这反过来又会对山区经济产生各种影响。然而,对于社会创新创造经济动力的方式,如经济增长甚至经济增长独立性,仍然没有达成共识。本文旨在提高我们对社会创新及其对当地山区经济影响的理解。我们研究了100%Valposchiavo倡议,该倡议旨在通过将瑞士山区农业、生产和酒店业的经济参与者聚集在一起,关闭区域价值链。文章特别探讨了该倡议的演变及其对当地中小企业的影响。我们采用了创新传记的新颖方法,进行了叙述和引导式访谈,以研究该倡议的发展方式及其对参与的中小企业的影响。结果表明,100%的Valposchiavo通过其对增加协作的关注而诱导了潜在的生长效应,而(重新)定位则产生了与生长无关的效应。一些公司的增长依赖于更高的需求、初级管理、现代化努力或快速增长的市场。独立于增长的公司通过个人联系、企业哲学、管理年龄或商业形式来追求这一战略。我们的研究为围绕社会创新在山区经济中的作用的讨论增加了增长后的视角。
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引用次数: 0
A Consequential Editor: Pauline Ives (1931–2022) 重要的编辑:波琳·艾夫斯(1931-2022)
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2023.00003
Seth Sicroff, A. Byers
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引用次数: 0
Moving Mountains: A New Strategy and Action Plan for ICIMOD to Embrace Change and Accelerate Impact to 2030 移山:ICIMOD迎接变革并加速影响到2030年的新战略和行动计划
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.2023.00002
I. Koziell, P. Gyamtsho
In the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), at the top of the world, we are witnessing rapid climate change, biodiversity loss, increased disaster risk, and rising inequality. Ambitious partnerships must drive evidence-based action to solve these complex problems. As an intergovernmental knowledge center for the 8 HKH countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan—the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) aims to deliver tangible outcomes to address the challenges the region faces. It will meet these challenges through a new strategy and action plan. The vision is to work toward a greener, more inclusive, and climate-resilient HKH. This will be delivered through a refreshed mission to build and share knowledge that enables greener, more inclusive, and climate-resilient policies and through action and investment across the diverse countries and communities of the HKH.
在世界之巅的兴都库什-喜马拉雅(HKH),我们正在目睹气候迅速变化、生物多样性丧失、灾害风险增加和不平等加剧。雄心勃勃的伙伴关系必须推动以证据为基础的行动,以解决这些复杂问题。作为阿富汗、孟加拉国、不丹、中国、印度、缅甸、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦这八个山地国家的政府间知识中心,国际山地综合发展中心(ICIMOD)旨在为解决该地区面临的挑战提供切实的成果。它将通过新的战略和行动计划来迎接这些挑战。我们的愿景是努力建设一个更绿色、更包容、更适应气候变化的香港酒店。这将通过建立和分享知识的新使命来实现,以实现更环保、更具包容性和气候适应性的政策,并通过在不同国家和社区的行动和投资来实现。
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引用次数: 0
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Mountain Research and Development
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