S. von Dach, Sarah-lan Mathez-Stiefel, Marlène Thibault, Yanfen Wang, P. Gyamtsho, Thomas Breu
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"S. von Dach, Sarah-lan Mathez-Stiefel, Marlène Thibault, Yanfen Wang, P. Gyamtsho, Thomas Breu","doi":"10.1659/mrd.4201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.4201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41999020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asian primates are found primarily in the oriental biogeographical region from India to the archipelagos of the Philippines and Indonesia, including the transition zone to Australasia (Wallacea). However, species diversity and distribution patterns of primates in the mountainous transition zone of the southeastern Palearctic to the subtropic parts of the ‘‘Orientalis’’ are less well known and understood. This is clearly illustrated by the fact that 4 of the 16 primate species covered in the book Primates of the Far Eastern Himalaya—Arunachal macaque (Macaca munzala), white-cheeked macaque (Macaca leucogenys), Myanmar snubnosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri), and Skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing)—have been scientifically described as new species only in the last 15 years, boosting the list of Asian primates up to about 120 species (cf. Mittermeier 2013). Regarding the rate of new species descriptions in primates over the past 2 to 3 decades, which is higher than in most other vertebrate orders, one could expect that this is not the end of the story, not even in the remote and rugged mountain regions of the Himalayas. Even though, in my opinion, species numbers have been somewhat artificially inflated during recent decades because of new species concepts, the increase in species and taxon numbers of primates from 275/630 (Mittermeier and Konstant 2001) to over 479/681 (Mittermeier 2013) and on to the current staggering tally of 502/716 (Rylands et al 2020) clearly shows an increase in knowledge about primates and indicates an overwhelming interest in this intriguing group of animals, not only in the scientific community but also in the general public. Broadening public knowledge about nature and its relationships to human activities can rightfully be regarded as the most important goal of the natural sciences, and this book, given its concept and content as well as writing style and layout, is clearly designed to mainly serve such precious purposes. This release of the International Centre of Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), also available in book form, is reminiscent of leaflets in the style of World Wide Fund for Nature, BirdLife, or International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) publications aimed at nonprofessional customers and readers. Undoubtedly, Primates of the Far Eastern Himalaya achieves its aim. It is superbly illustrated and professionally designed, and 78 mostly close-up full-page photos of the 16 primate species make up two thirds of the 114 pages of the main part of the book, where the region’s known species are portrayed. The 1-page species accounts are arranged in 4 chapters: ‘‘Loris,’’ with 1 species (Nycticebus bengalenis); ‘‘Macaques,’’ with 6 Macaca species; ‘‘Langurs,’’ with 2 Rhinopithecus and 4 Trachypithecus species; and ‘‘Gibbons,’’ with 3 Hoolock species. They offer a brief description of the species’ distribution and elevational range, as well as basic information about habitats, ecology, pop
{"title":"Primates of the Far Eastern Himalaya. By Nawraj Pradhan, Dilip Chetry, Frank Momberg, Lily Shrestha, Naw May Lay Thant, Huang Zhipang, Nakul Chettri, and Yi Shaoliang","authors":"A. Landmann","doi":"10.1659/mrd.mm271.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.mm271.1","url":null,"abstract":"Asian primates are found primarily in the oriental biogeographical region from India to the archipelagos of the Philippines and Indonesia, including the transition zone to Australasia (Wallacea). However, species diversity and distribution patterns of primates in the mountainous transition zone of the southeastern Palearctic to the subtropic parts of the ‘‘Orientalis’’ are less well known and understood. This is clearly illustrated by the fact that 4 of the 16 primate species covered in the book Primates of the Far Eastern Himalaya—Arunachal macaque (Macaca munzala), white-cheeked macaque (Macaca leucogenys), Myanmar snubnosed monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri), and Skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing)—have been scientifically described as new species only in the last 15 years, boosting the list of Asian primates up to about 120 species (cf. Mittermeier 2013). Regarding the rate of new species descriptions in primates over the past 2 to 3 decades, which is higher than in most other vertebrate orders, one could expect that this is not the end of the story, not even in the remote and rugged mountain regions of the Himalayas. Even though, in my opinion, species numbers have been somewhat artificially inflated during recent decades because of new species concepts, the increase in species and taxon numbers of primates from 275/630 (Mittermeier and Konstant 2001) to over 479/681 (Mittermeier 2013) and on to the current staggering tally of 502/716 (Rylands et al 2020) clearly shows an increase in knowledge about primates and indicates an overwhelming interest in this intriguing group of animals, not only in the scientific community but also in the general public. Broadening public knowledge about nature and its relationships to human activities can rightfully be regarded as the most important goal of the natural sciences, and this book, given its concept and content as well as writing style and layout, is clearly designed to mainly serve such precious purposes. This release of the International Centre of Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), also available in book form, is reminiscent of leaflets in the style of World Wide Fund for Nature, BirdLife, or International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) publications aimed at nonprofessional customers and readers. Undoubtedly, Primates of the Far Eastern Himalaya achieves its aim. It is superbly illustrated and professionally designed, and 78 mostly close-up full-page photos of the 16 primate species make up two thirds of the 114 pages of the main part of the book, where the region’s known species are portrayed. The 1-page species accounts are arranged in 4 chapters: ‘‘Loris,’’ with 1 species (Nycticebus bengalenis); ‘‘Macaques,’’ with 6 Macaca species; ‘‘Langurs,’’ with 2 Rhinopithecus and 4 Trachypithecus species; and ‘‘Gibbons,’’ with 3 Hoolock species. They offer a brief description of the species’ distribution and elevational range, as well as basic information about habitats, ecology, pop","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"M5 - M6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42907377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-42.1.p2
{"title":"Publisher Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1659/0276-4741-42.1.p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/0276-4741-42.1.p2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":" ","pages":"p2 - p2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00040.1
Emilie Dupuits, L. Llambí, M. Peralvo
The Andean region presents specific challenges related to its globally important natural heritage, the broad range of pressures on landscapes and ecosystems that accentuate the effects of climate change (CC), and a great diversity of institutional arrangements and policy tools to increase the adaptive capacity of socioecological systems and related disaster risk reduction strategies. In this context, regional readings are needed to generate a multiscale and multisectoral analysis of the responses of Andean countries in public policy and at the grass roots. This paper examines institutional challenges and local perceptions regarding the implementation of CC adaptation policies in the Andean countries. We analyze the regulatory, institutional, and policy framework related to CC policies in Andean countries over the last 5 years. Further, we analyze synergies and opportunities, as well as possible tensions and resistance, that the implementation of CC adaptation policies may generate among diverse actors (civil society organizations, peasant/indigenous communities, and local/regional authorities, among others). For this, we analyze 7 case studies at the subnational level across the Andes. These were chosen to reflect the diversity of local governance contexts across the region and the progress and challenges faced in implementing CC adaptation policies on the ground. This analysis reveals how the implementation of CC adaptation policies in diverse territorial contexts often lacks articulation and coherence with the governance tools and platforms typically used by local actors. In response to this overall limitation, various representative strategies derived from the case studies are highlighted, illustrating different modes of multiactor and multiscale cooperation. Finally, based on our sociopolitical analysis, we propose some key recommendations for the different stakeholders, which could inform the development of an agenda for multiscale and multiactor CC adaptation governance in the region.
{"title":"Implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policies Across Scales: Challenges for Knowledge Coproduction in Andean Mountain Socio-ecosystems","authors":"Emilie Dupuits, L. Llambí, M. Peralvo","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00040.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00040.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Andean region presents specific challenges related to its globally important natural heritage, the broad range of pressures on landscapes and ecosystems that accentuate the effects of climate change (CC), and a great diversity of institutional arrangements and policy tools to increase the adaptive capacity of socioecological systems and related disaster risk reduction strategies. In this context, regional readings are needed to generate a multiscale and multisectoral analysis of the responses of Andean countries in public policy and at the grass roots. This paper examines institutional challenges and local perceptions regarding the implementation of CC adaptation policies in the Andean countries. We analyze the regulatory, institutional, and policy framework related to CC policies in Andean countries over the last 5 years. Further, we analyze synergies and opportunities, as well as possible tensions and resistance, that the implementation of CC adaptation policies may generate among diverse actors (civil society organizations, peasant/indigenous communities, and local/regional authorities, among others). For this, we analyze 7 case studies at the subnational level across the Andes. These were chosen to reflect the diversity of local governance contexts across the region and the progress and challenges faced in implementing CC adaptation policies on the ground. This analysis reveals how the implementation of CC adaptation policies in diverse territorial contexts often lacks articulation and coherence with the governance tools and platforms typically used by local actors. In response to this overall limitation, various representative strategies derived from the case studies are highlighted, illustrating different modes of multiactor and multiscale cooperation. Finally, based on our sociopolitical analysis, we propose some key recommendations for the different stakeholders, which could inform the development of an agenda for multiscale and multiactor CC adaptation governance in the region.","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"A1 - A11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation of Asian mountain ecosystems is not new. Protected areas and restrictions for hunting and forest overexploitation were set in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century, in China and Japan in the 6th and 7th centuries, and in Mongolia in the 13th century. Pilgrimage has been a form of tourism for centuries, often targeted at mountains (holy peaks, hidden valleys, sacred groves). Since the end of World War II and more intensively since the 1990s, the globalizing influence of western culture and policies, together with the growing wealth, rapid urbanization, and shifting demography of the large share of world population concentrated in this area, resulted in an explosion of protected areas (14% of terrestrial Asia by 2014) and in massive nature-based tourism (NBT). Climate change and, more recently, the Covid-19 outbreak add complexity to the scenario. Historically, research on NBT has been limited mostly to western and English-speaking countries. Hence Asia, with its rapid and heterogeneous patterns of change, provides an excellent opportunity to expand the analysis to a more diverse world in the context of globalization. The volume is organized in 5 sections. The first one defines the basic questions as well as key concepts referenced later (NBT, IUCN categories, Aichi targets). Country-based analyses (with 1 detailed protected area case study each) are organized into 3 geographically defined subsections: Northeast (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan), Southeast (Indonesia, Timor Leste, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar), and South (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) Asia. A final fifth section summarizes the main findings and conclusions. By excluding North Korea and Mongolia, the section on Northeast Asia represents the continent’s most prosperous economies, where urban areas are expanding (as well as forests) and where NBT involves millions of visitors and billions of dollars. Japan, with its iconic Mount Fuji, was the earliest Asian country to establish a System of National Parks (1931), a model the Japanese ‘‘exported’’ early to Taiwan (1937). In both countries NBT has not grown during recent years, a distinctive pattern compared to the rest of the continent. China is the paramount example of rapidly expanding NBT resulting from recent economic growth and a wealthy urban class demanding recreation, challenging outdoor activities, and nature-rich landscapes. The impressive figures of 1.6 billion annual visits, 500,000 employments, and 20 million indirect beneficiaries of NBT in the 3500 ‘‘forest parks’’ illustrate the scale of the process. China’s influence reaches beyond its national borders: it is a major source of tourism in South Korea, and its ban on travel to Taiwan resulted in a major drop of tourism there. Visitor congestion is an emerging feature in the region, stimulating development of modern management tools—for example, lottery permit systems in Taiwan, temporally changing pricing based on carrying capacity in Huangshan, mainland China, and persua
{"title":"Nature-Based Tourism in Asia's Mountainous Protected Areas: A Trans-regional Review of Peaks and Parks. Edited by Thomas E. Jones, Huong T. Bui, and Michal Apollo","authors":"H. Grau","doi":"10.1659/mrd.mm270.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.mm270.1","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of Asian mountain ecosystems is not new. Protected areas and restrictions for hunting and forest overexploitation were set in Sri Lanka in the 3rd century, in China and Japan in the 6th and 7th centuries, and in Mongolia in the 13th century. Pilgrimage has been a form of tourism for centuries, often targeted at mountains (holy peaks, hidden valleys, sacred groves). Since the end of World War II and more intensively since the 1990s, the globalizing influence of western culture and policies, together with the growing wealth, rapid urbanization, and shifting demography of the large share of world population concentrated in this area, resulted in an explosion of protected areas (14% of terrestrial Asia by 2014) and in massive nature-based tourism (NBT). Climate change and, more recently, the Covid-19 outbreak add complexity to the scenario. Historically, research on NBT has been limited mostly to western and English-speaking countries. Hence Asia, with its rapid and heterogeneous patterns of change, provides an excellent opportunity to expand the analysis to a more diverse world in the context of globalization. The volume is organized in 5 sections. The first one defines the basic questions as well as key concepts referenced later (NBT, IUCN categories, Aichi targets). Country-based analyses (with 1 detailed protected area case study each) are organized into 3 geographically defined subsections: Northeast (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan), Southeast (Indonesia, Timor Leste, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar), and South (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka) Asia. A final fifth section summarizes the main findings and conclusions. By excluding North Korea and Mongolia, the section on Northeast Asia represents the continent’s most prosperous economies, where urban areas are expanding (as well as forests) and where NBT involves millions of visitors and billions of dollars. Japan, with its iconic Mount Fuji, was the earliest Asian country to establish a System of National Parks (1931), a model the Japanese ‘‘exported’’ early to Taiwan (1937). In both countries NBT has not grown during recent years, a distinctive pattern compared to the rest of the continent. China is the paramount example of rapidly expanding NBT resulting from recent economic growth and a wealthy urban class demanding recreation, challenging outdoor activities, and nature-rich landscapes. The impressive figures of 1.6 billion annual visits, 500,000 employments, and 20 million indirect beneficiaries of NBT in the 3500 ‘‘forest parks’’ illustrate the scale of the process. China’s influence reaches beyond its national borders: it is a major source of tourism in South Korea, and its ban on travel to Taiwan resulted in a major drop of tourism there. Visitor congestion is an emerging feature in the region, stimulating development of modern management tools—for example, lottery permit systems in Taiwan, temporally changing pricing based on carrying capacity in Huangshan, mainland China, and persua","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"M3 - M4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-22-00002.1
Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter, O. Bender, Giulia Bertolotti, Domenico Branca, Valerie Braun, P. Bohleber, D. Festi, A. Fischer, A. Gschwentner, Lea Hartl, Andreas Haller, K. Helfricht, Clemens Hiller, Kati Heinrich, Andrina Janicke, M. Keiler, G. Köck, Armin Kratzer, A. Lamprecht, H. Pauli, A. Polderman, J. Pfeiffer, Fernando Ruiz Peyré, P. Saccone, Brigitte Scott, B. Seiser, Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, T. Zieher
The sustainable development of mountain regions requires inter- and transdisciplinary knowledge. The Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research contributes to this global endeavor as part of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and as a member of international scientific networks, together with local partners and stakeholders. As a joint effort of individual researchers covering multiple fields, this article highlights our views on mountains as research objects, the phenomena we investigate as parts of entire mountain systems, and the synergies and differences of the disciplinary frames within which we work. Alles ist Wechselwirkung [Everything is interaction] (A. von Humboldt, 18XX, 27r)
山区的可持续发展需要跨学科和跨学科的知识。跨学科山地研究所作为奥地利科学院的一部分，作为国际科学网络的成员，与当地合作伙伴和利益相关者一起，为这一全球努力做出了贡献。作为覆盖多个领域的个别研究人员的共同努力，本文强调了我们对山脉作为研究对象的看法，我们作为整个山脉系统的一部分调查的现象，以及我们工作的学科框架的协同作用和差异。Alles ist Wechselwirkung[一切都是相互作用的]（A.von Humboldt，18XX，27r）
{"title":"Joint Endeavor Toward Sustainable Mountain Development: Research at the Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research of the Austrian Academy of Sciences","authors":"Manfred Bardy-Durchhalter, O. Bender, Giulia Bertolotti, Domenico Branca, Valerie Braun, P. Bohleber, D. Festi, A. Fischer, A. Gschwentner, Lea Hartl, Andreas Haller, K. Helfricht, Clemens Hiller, Kati Heinrich, Andrina Janicke, M. Keiler, G. Köck, Armin Kratzer, A. Lamprecht, H. Pauli, A. Polderman, J. Pfeiffer, Fernando Ruiz Peyré, P. Saccone, Brigitte Scott, B. Seiser, Martin Stocker-Waldhuber, T. Zieher","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-22-00002.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-22-00002.1","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of mountain regions requires inter- and transdisciplinary knowledge. The Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research contributes to this global endeavor as part of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and as a member of international scientific networks, together with local partners and stakeholders. As a joint effort of individual researchers covering multiple fields, this article highlights our views on mountains as research objects, the phenomena we investigate as parts of entire mountain systems, and the synergies and differences of the disciplinary frames within which we work. Alles ist Wechselwirkung [Everything is interaction] (A. von Humboldt, 18XX, 27r)","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"P1 - P4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46200823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00036.1
Agnieszka Nowak-Olejnik, Ewelina Mocior
Wild plants from seminatural habitats (meadows, pastures, shrubland, etc) provide numerous ecosystem services (ESs). However, because of land abandonment and reforestation processes, these habitats and the ESs provided by them are declining. The aim of this study was to identify how local people benefit from collecting wild plants from seminatural habitats, in order to link the identified ESs with conservation practices. The research was based on a survey of 85 inhabitants of the Pieniny Mountains (Poland). The results showed that 89% of respondents regularly collected wild plants from seminatural habitats for different reasons. The most common ESs gained from this activity were natural medicine, direct consumption, and food. Furthermore, particular species have crucial meaning for some ESs, such as direct consumption, food, natural medicine, and cosmetic purposes. For others, such as decoration, ritual purposes, or forage, only specific parts or types of plants, such as flowers, herbs, or grasses, are desirable, regardless of species. In terms of households, 38% used ESs from seminatural habitats as an additional source of livelihood. Promoting engagement in activities more adapted to the current economic situation (eg ecotourism and selling processed wild plant products) may be a good solution for using wild plants more profitably (serving as a basis for livelihood), combined with grassland conservation.
{"title":"Provisioning Ecosystem Services of Wild Plants Collected From Seminatural Habitats: A Basis for Sustainable Livelihood and Multifunctional Landscape Conservation","authors":"Agnieszka Nowak-Olejnik, Ewelina Mocior","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00036.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00036.1","url":null,"abstract":"Wild plants from seminatural habitats (meadows, pastures, shrubland, etc) provide numerous ecosystem services (ESs). However, because of land abandonment and reforestation processes, these habitats and the ESs provided by them are declining. The aim of this study was to identify how local people benefit from collecting wild plants from seminatural habitats, in order to link the identified ESs with conservation practices. The research was based on a survey of 85 inhabitants of the Pieniny Mountains (Poland). The results showed that 89% of respondents regularly collected wild plants from seminatural habitats for different reasons. The most common ESs gained from this activity were natural medicine, direct consumption, and food. Furthermore, particular species have crucial meaning for some ESs, such as direct consumption, food, natural medicine, and cosmetic purposes. For others, such as decoration, ritual purposes, or forage, only specific parts or types of plants, such as flowers, herbs, or grasses, are desirable, regardless of species. In terms of households, 38% used ESs from seminatural habitats as an additional source of livelihood. Promoting engagement in activities more adapted to the current economic situation (eg ecotourism and selling processed wild plant products) may be a good solution for using wild plants more profitably (serving as a basis for livelihood), combined with grassland conservation.","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"R11 - R19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00027.1
M. Price, W. Gurgiser, I. Juen, C. Adler, S. von Dach, G. Kaser, S. Mayr
This paper presents a synthesis of the outcomes of sessions and recommendations for future research in mountain areas from the International Mountain Conference (IMC), held in Innsbruck, Austria, in September 2019. The thematic sections of the paper consider: first, the paleosciences, particularly archaeology; second, (bio)physical systems—the climate system, the cryo- and hydrosphere, and the biosphere—and their relationships with human systems; third, natural hazards and risks; and fourth, demographic and sociocultural trends, globalization (energy and transport networks, tourism, food supplies), policymaking, development, and research. Each section includes key literature relating to its theme, together with recommendations from the respective sessions. The paper concludes with a discussion and conclusions on the process of producing the synthesis, and its value for preparation and synthesis strategies for future conferences.
{"title":"The International Mountain Conference, Innsbruck, Austria, September 2019 (IMC2019): A Synthesis with Recommendations for Research","authors":"M. Price, W. Gurgiser, I. Juen, C. Adler, S. von Dach, G. Kaser, S. Mayr","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00027.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00027.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a synthesis of the outcomes of sessions and recommendations for future research in mountain areas from the International Mountain Conference (IMC), held in Innsbruck, Austria, in September 2019. The thematic sections of the paper consider: first, the paleosciences, particularly archaeology; second, (bio)physical systems—the climate system, the cryo- and hydrosphere, and the biosphere—and their relationships with human systems; third, natural hazards and risks; and fourth, demographic and sociocultural trends, globalization (energy and transport networks, tourism, food supplies), policymaking, development, and research. Each section includes key literature relating to its theme, together with recommendations from the respective sessions. The paper concludes with a discussion and conclusions on the process of producing the synthesis, and its value for preparation and synthesis strategies for future conferences.","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"A1 - A16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mountain Dialogues From Antiquity to Modernity. Edited by Dawn Hollis and Jason König","authors":"J. Patrouch","doi":"10.1659/mrd.mm269.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.mm269.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":" ","pages":"M1 - M2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-27DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00075.1
S. Duglio, Alessandro Bonadonna, M. Letey
This paper examines visitors' behaviors toward local food products when visiting a less favored mountain community in the Italian Alps. The aim of the study was to assess the role of local foodstuffs in fostering tourism in inner mountain areas. Primary data are based on 507 responses to an online questionnaire created with the Google Module platform. Participants' behaviors are analyzed with descriptive statistical tools, whereas their opinions on food services are analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis χ2 and Mann–Whitney tests. Our evidence shows that although tourists are willing to taste and purchase local food products, the revenue for the local community appears to be limited, with an average expenditure of € 22.80/person (US$ 27.29/person), under a liberal spending scenario. Our research findings give original insights that can help local policymakers better understand how they can develop tourism through local food production.
{"title":"The Contribution of Local Food Products in Fostering Tourism for Marginal Mountain Areas: An Exploratory Study on Northwestern Italian Alps","authors":"S. Duglio, Alessandro Bonadonna, M. Letey","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00075.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-20-00075.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines visitors' behaviors toward local food products when visiting a less favored mountain community in the Italian Alps. The aim of the study was to assess the role of local foodstuffs in fostering tourism in inner mountain areas. Primary data are based on 507 responses to an online questionnaire created with the Google Module platform. Participants' behaviors are analyzed with descriptive statistical tools, whereas their opinions on food services are analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis χ2 and Mann–Whitney tests. Our evidence shows that although tourists are willing to taste and purchase local food products, the revenue for the local community appears to be limited, with an average expenditure of € 22.80/person (US$ 27.29/person), under a liberal spending scenario. Our research findings give original insights that can help local policymakers better understand how they can develop tourism through local food production.","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"R1 - R10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44297778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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