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Consumer Liking and Value Perception of Mountain Cheese from Different Pasture Periods: Evidence for Mountain Systems Supporting Policies 不同牧场时期消费者对山奶酪的喜爱和价值感知:山地制度支持政策的证据
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00066.1
Margherita Grandini, M. Medici, Maurizio Canavari, Elisa Palmioli, F. Mercati, A. Catorci, P. Scocco
Every year, mountain pastures show a progressive impoverishment of forage. The loss in grassland feed value restricts the production period of local Pecorino cheeses, which strongly depend on the vegetative cycle of the pasture linked to climatic conditions. The Monte Fietone mountain area (Macerata, Italy) has emblematic pasture flora during spring and early summer. This unique environment is normally used for rearing sheep, allowing regular production of local Pecorino cheeses from their milk, which is rich in vitamins and intrinsic floral aromas. Biologists and agronomists are giving increasing importance to these mountain food products. We conducted sensorial tests and experimental auctions to investigate recognition of the quality of this rare artisanal product. The results indicate considerable potential for economic differentiation. Accordingly, we recommend useful and applicable marketing and policy actions to support the sustainability of mountain grazing systems.
每年,山区牧场的牧草都会逐渐贫瘠。草原饲料价值的损失限制了当地Pecorino奶酪的生产周期,而当地Pecorno奶酪的生产期在很大程度上取决于与气候条件相关的牧场营养循环。Monte Fietone山区(意大利马切拉塔)在春季和初夏拥有象征性的牧场植物群。这种独特的环境通常用于饲养绵羊,可以定期用牛奶生产当地的佩科里诺奶酪,牛奶富含维生素和固有的花香。生物学家和农学家越来越重视这些山区食品。我们进行了感官测试和实验拍卖,以调查人们对这种罕见手工产品质量的认可。结果表明,经济分化的潜力相当大。因此,我们建议采取有用和适用的营销和政策行动,以支持山区放牧系统的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region: A Decade of Experience From SERVIR. Edited by Birendra Bajracharya, Rajesh Bahadur Thapa, and Mir A. Matin 兴都库什-喜马拉雅地区减少风险和增强抗灾能力的地球观测科学与应用:SERVIR十年经验。由Birendra Bajracharya、Rajesh Bahadur Thapa和Mir A.Matin编辑
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.mm273.1
M. Polo
The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region is one of the world’s major paradigms of environmental and social challenges. This area comprises the highest peaks in the world, and its extent and amazing topography result in a rich variety of biodiversity and cultures. These headwaters feed 10 important rivers in Asia, which supply water to millions of people, whereas the combination of torrential precipitation, strong hydrodynamics, and intense human influence poses a threat for the region’s resilience to risks associated with climate extremes and their consequences (Chettri et al 2010). The vulnerability of these ecosystems to glacier melting and impacts on the snow regime because of global warming is also exacerbated by the consequences of globalization, human mobility, and overexploitation of natural resources (Jodha 2005). The lack of information to deeply understand the complex processes that interact in this region, and the difficult access to large fractions of its area, have limited the possibilities of developing long-term strategies based on ground observations because of the magnitude of the investment required. As the evolution of Earth observation (EO) technologies and the increasing delivery of products with higher time and spatial resolution sped up in the last decades, the Mountain Environment Regional Information System division at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) crystalized its continuous work since 1990 to introduce geospatial information technologies (GITs) in the HKH and develop and foster decision-making frameworks as internet-based applications by hosting a new regional hub of the SERVIR program (NASA 2021) in the HKH. SERVIR is a global program led by a partnership of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and leading geospatial organizations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. SERVIR’s goals are to address critical challenges in climate change, food security, water and related disasters, land use, and air quality and to codevelop innovative solutions based on satellite data and geospatial technology to improve resilience and sustainable resource management at the local, national, and regional scales. SERVIR-HKH was the third hub of the SERVIR regional network. Since 2010, SERVIR-HKH has bridged EO-based applications and the needs for web-based operational services to support decision-making in the framework of risk reduction and resilience building. This book compiles the efforts made to codevelop information services on a range of climate and land use–related topics since the launch of SERVIR-HKH. With 19 multiauthored chapters, the editors, from ICIMOD, cover a pathway from the program’s initial steps, in chapters 1 to 3 (general introduction, service design approach, and identifying the regional agencies’ needs to implement EO and GIT in their decision-making frameworks); across selected case studies, in chapters 4 to 12 (covering t
这是本书区别于其他气候、水或自然灾害相关文本案例研究纲要的一个关键特征:作者和编辑团队有效地成功地将他们的专业知识转化为清晰而重点突出的分析,这些分析代表了未来SERVIR区域或地方中心或处理气候、土地利用和风险服务的类似项目所遵循的方法协议。山地研究与发展(MRD)国际同行评审的开放获取期刊,由国际山地学会(IMS)出版www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia
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引用次数: 7
Urban Planning as an Instrument for Disaster Risk Reduction in the Uttarakhand Himalayas 城市规划作为北阿坎德邦喜马拉雅山脉减少灾害风险的工具
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00048.1
Neelakshi Joshi, W. Wende, P. Tiwari
Because of its location in the Indian Himalayas, the mountainous state of Uttarakhand is prone to multiple natural hazards and climate change extremes. At the same time, Uttarakhand is experiencing unprecedented population growth and undergoing rapid urbanization. Urban planning instruments like land use plans and building regulations allow disaster risk measures to be integrated in the rapidly emerging urban form. However, resources for formulating and implementing planning instruments might be limited in mountain urban centers. This paper takes stock of the risk addressed in the urban planning instruments at state and local levels through an analysis of land use plans and interviews with urban planning and disaster risk professionals. Results indicate that planning instruments are largely absent and do not sufficiently address urban risks. Lack of urban planning capacity at state and local levels, absence of local-level risk knowledge, and public pushback against introducing developmental regulations are identified as the primary constraints to addressing risk. We underline the urgent need to address risk in the urban development process and recommend broader engagement with universities and nongovernmental organizations to supplement existing knowledge and capacities.
由于位于印度喜马拉雅山脉,多山的北阿坎德邦容易受到多种自然灾害和极端气候变化的影响。与此同时,北阿坎德邦正在经历前所未有的人口增长和快速城市化。土地利用计划和建筑法规等城市规划工具可以将灾害风险措施纳入迅速形成的城市形态。然而,在山区城市中心,制订和执行规划工具的资源可能有限。本文通过对土地利用计划的分析以及对城市规划和灾害风险专业人士的采访,对州和地方各级城市规划工具中所涉及的风险进行了评估。结果表明,规划工具在很大程度上是缺失的,不能充分解决城市风险。州和地方一级城市规划能力的缺乏、地方一级风险知识的缺乏以及公众对引入发展法规的抵制被认为是解决风险的主要制约因素。我们强调迫切需要应对城市发展过程中的风险,建议更广泛地与大学和非政府组织合作,以补充现有知识和能力。
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引用次数: 1
Publisher Information 出版商信息
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1659/0276-4741-42.2.p2
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引用次数: 0
Three Recent and Lesser-Known Glacier-Related Flood Mechanisms in High Mountain Environments 高山环境中与冰川有关的三种最新和鲜为人知的洪水机制
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-05-03 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00045.1
A. Byers, D. Shugar, M. Chand, C. Portocarrero, M. Shrestha, D. Rounce, Teiji Watanabe
Glacial lake outburst floods, and specifically those triggered by avalanche-induced seiche waves, have been studied in considerable detail during the past several decades. Less attention has been given to other cryospheric flood phenomena, which include floods sourced primarily from englacial conduits, permafrost-linked rockfall and avalanches, and earthquake-triggered glacial lake floods. The article reviews examples of each phenomenon, based on field sampling and laboratory analyses, that have occurred in the Nepal Himalaya during the past decade, drawing parallels with similar events in other countries throughout the high mountain world. In most cases, the frequency of these events appears to be increasing globally, as is their potential to inflict significant damage downstream. We argue that each type of glacier flood requires more detailed study to develop the most effective prevention, mitigation, and adaptation approaches possible. Such studies will most likely be strengthened if they include a reconnaissance of the event as soon after its occurrence as possible, along with the participation, insights, and experience of local people, in addition to the use of increasingly powerful remote sensing technologies. How scientists can more quickly and effectively share the results of their research with decision-makers, and how decision-makers and governments can deliver more timely mitigation programs, are areas that also require further strengthening.
在过去的几十年里,人们对冰湖溃决洪水,特别是由雪崩引发的海啸引发的溃决洪水进行了相当详细的研究。对其他冰冻圈洪水现象的关注较少,其中包括主要来自冰川管道的洪水,与永久冻土有关的岩崩和雪崩,以及地震引发的冰湖洪水。这篇文章基于实地取样和实验室分析,回顾了尼泊尔喜马拉雅地区在过去十年中发生的每一种现象的例子,并与整个高山世界其他国家的类似事件进行了比较。在大多数情况下,这些事件的频率似乎在全球范围内增加,因为它们有可能对下游造成重大损害。我们认为,每种类型的冰川洪水都需要更详细的研究,以制定最有效的预防、缓解和适应方法。如果这些研究包括在事件发生后尽快对其进行侦察,加上当地人民的参与、见解和经验,以及使用日益强大的遥感技术,那么这些研究很可能得到加强。科学家如何能够更快、更有效地与决策者分享他们的研究成果,以及决策者和政府如何能够提供更及时的缓解方案,这些领域也需要进一步加强。
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引用次数: 2
Controlling Factors and Characteristics of Peak Runoff in an Alpine Headwater Under the Asian Monsoon Climate 亚洲季风气候下高寒源区峰值径流控制因素及特征
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-04-29 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00030.1
K. Sakakibara, Keisuke Suzuki
Understanding the mountain hydrological cycle, including runoff processes, is important for water-related disaster prevention. Although the process of peak runoff generation is closely related to water hazards, this process has not been clarified in alpine headwaters with large amounts of precipitation. In this study, we conducted hydrological observations to clarify runoff characteristics and factors that determine peak runoff in an alpine headwater under the Asian monsoon climate. Total precipitation during the summer period (3 months) was 1581.4 mm, and the water runoff responded quickly and clearly to rainfall events. Focusing on baseflow, the runoff was terminated when the snow cover area decreased. This suggested that snowmelt water plays an important role in maintaining baseflow in alpine headwaters under the Asian monsoon climate, like other alpine areas worldwide. In addition, peak runoff was not significantly correlated with soil wetness (as indicated by the antecedent precipitation index), whereas it was correlated with the amount of rainfall just before the generation of peak runoff. Therefore, the amount of rainfall before peak runoff in a single event was important in determining peak runoff. Focusing on the snowmelt season, we confirmed that the runoff increased even during small rainfall events. This indicated that snowpack melting is another factor determining peak runoff when the snowpack remains in the catchment. Considering the immediate runoff generation after rainfall events, direct observation of hydrometeorological data in situ is crucial to predict water-related disasters and consider countermeasures in alpine regions.
了解山区水文循环,包括径流过程,对于预防与水有关的灾害非常重要。尽管峰值产流过程与水危害密切相关,但在降水量大的高山源头,这一过程尚未得到澄清。在这项研究中,我们进行了水文观测,以阐明亚洲季风气候下高山源头的径流特征和决定峰值径流的因素。夏季(3个月)的总降水量为1581.4毫米,径流对降雨事件的反应迅速而明显。以基流为重点,当积雪面积减少时,径流终止。这表明,与世界其他高山地区一样,融雪水在亚洲季风气候下维持高山源头的基本流量方面发挥着重要作用。此外,峰值径流与土壤湿度没有显著相关性(如前期降水指数所示),而与峰值径流产生前的降雨量相关。因此,在确定峰值径流时,单个事件中峰值径流前的降雨量很重要。以融雪季节为重点,我们确认,即使在小范围降雨期间,径流量也会增加。这表明,当积雪留在集水区时,积雪融化是决定峰值径流的另一个因素。考虑到降雨事件后会立即产生径流,现场直接观测水文气象数据对于预测与水有关的灾害和考虑高山地区的应对措施至关重要。
{"title":"Controlling Factors and Characteristics of Peak Runoff in an Alpine Headwater Under the Asian Monsoon Climate","authors":"K. Sakakibara, Keisuke Suzuki","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00030.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00030.1","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the mountain hydrological cycle, including runoff processes, is important for water-related disaster prevention. Although the process of peak runoff generation is closely related to water hazards, this process has not been clarified in alpine headwaters with large amounts of precipitation. In this study, we conducted hydrological observations to clarify runoff characteristics and factors that determine peak runoff in an alpine headwater under the Asian monsoon climate. Total precipitation during the summer period (3 months) was 1581.4 mm, and the water runoff responded quickly and clearly to rainfall events. Focusing on baseflow, the runoff was terminated when the snow cover area decreased. This suggested that snowmelt water plays an important role in maintaining baseflow in alpine headwaters under the Asian monsoon climate, like other alpine areas worldwide. In addition, peak runoff was not significantly correlated with soil wetness (as indicated by the antecedent precipitation index), whereas it was correlated with the amount of rainfall just before the generation of peak runoff. Therefore, the amount of rainfall before peak runoff in a single event was important in determining peak runoff. Focusing on the snowmelt season, we confirmed that the runoff increased even during small rainfall events. This indicated that snowpack melting is another factor determining peak runoff when the snowpack remains in the catchment. Considering the immediate runoff generation after rainfall events, direct observation of hydrometeorological data in situ is crucial to predict water-related disasters and consider countermeasures in alpine regions.","PeriodicalId":49793,"journal":{"name":"Mountain Research and Development","volume":"42 1","pages":"R1 - R8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41850337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Snow and Ice-Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters. 2nd Edition. Edited by Wilfried Haeberli and Colin Whiteman 雪和冰相关的危险、风险和灾害。第2版。威尔弗里德·哈伯利和科林·怀特曼编辑
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1659/mrd.mm272.1
M. Jackson
This is a comprehensive and informative volume with an excellent overview of most snow and ice–related hazards. The usual suspects are here—glacier lake outburst floods, snow avalanches, and permafrost degradation—but many other subjects where there are risks related to the cryosphere are covered, including some quite esoteric topics. There is a chapter on the different risks to the biosphere due to changes in snow, ice (including lake, river, and sea ice), and permafrost. This is perhaps also the chapter with the best illustrations. The possibility of future ice ages and the effect on radioactive waste stored in deep geological repositories are examined in detail for several different scenarios and geographical situations. Hazards related to ice masses on volcanoes, such as lahar generation, are also covered, with many examples from North and South America. A topic that may be new to many of the more run-of-the-mill glaciologists is the challenges posed by ice pressure to ships in the Arctic and on the Great Lakes of North America. There is also a comprehensive chapter on the properties of snow, ice, and permafrost. At first, this may seem somewhat redundant, as most people interested in hazards posed by these variations of frozen water will be well acquainted with the basic theory. But for those coming from a risk-assessment background without a wide knowledge of glaciology, it is useful to have the material in the same volume. The basic information given here is short but clear. However, having a separate chapter on a socio-cryospheric– systems approach to cryosphere hazards is less easy to understand. Most of the chapters consider the effects of these changes on people and livelihoods, and the material in the separate chapter would probably get more attention and be more useful if it were reallocated to the appropriate chapters. There are a few topics that are missing (or well hidden) in such a comprehensive tome—glacierand moraine-dammed lakes are described, but not supraglacial or subglacial lakes. Glacier surges have their own chapter (including several interesting case studies) but normal glacier advances do not. Admittedly, this is not a common situation at present, but a few snow-rich winters for maritime glaciers could change things. The increasing hazard to mountaineers or those doing glacier walks because of changing conditions, such as less snow cover on glaciers and snow melting earlier (or simply the fact that routes formerly considered safe may no longer be safe) is not covered, but is one that many people could come across. The increasing incidence of severe snowstorms is a frequent topic of conversation in mountain communities, and a summary of the latest knowledge on this would have been useful. The geographic distribution of the authors is somewhat surprising, with the vast majority being from North America and western Europe (including over one fifth of the total from Switzerland), a few from South America and Oceania, and n
这是一本全面而翔实的书,对大多数雪和冰相关的危险进行了极好的概述。通常的怀疑都在这里——冰川湖爆发洪水、雪崩和永久冻土退化——但还有许多其他与冰冻圈相关的风险,包括一些相当深奥的话题。有一章是关于由于雪、冰(包括湖泊、河流和海冰)和永久冻土的变化而对生物圈造成的不同风险。这也许也是插图最好的一章。针对几种不同的情景和地理情况,详细研究了未来冰期的可能性以及对储存在深地质储存库中的放射性废物的影响。与火山冰块有关的危害,如火山泥流的产生,也包括在内,有许多来自北美和南美的例子。对于许多普通的冰川学家来说,一个可能是新的话题,那就是北极和北美五大湖的冰川压力给船只带来的挑战。还有一个关于雪、冰和永久冻土层性质的综合章节。乍一看,这似乎有些多余,因为大多数对冰冻水的这些变化所造成的危害感兴趣的人都很熟悉基本理论。但是对于那些没有广泛的冰川学知识的具有风险评估背景的人来说,将这些材料放在同一卷中是有用的。这里给出的基本信息简短而清晰。然而,用社会冰冻圈系统方法来处理冰冻圈危害的单独一章就不太容易理解了。大多数章节都考虑了这些变化对人民和生计的影响,如果将单独章节中的材料重新分配到适当的章节中,可能会得到更多的关注和更有用。在这样一个全面的书中,有一些主题被遗漏(或隐藏得很好)——冰川和冰碛湖被描述,但没有冰上湖或冰下湖。冰川涌动有自己的章节(包括几个有趣的案例研究),但正常的冰川推进没有。诚然,目前这种情况并不常见,但对于海洋冰川来说,几个雪量丰富的冬天可能会改变这种情况。由于条件的变化,比如冰川上积雪的减少和积雪融化的提前(或者仅仅是以前被认为安全的路线可能不再安全的事实),登山者或冰川徒步者面临的危险越来越大,但这是许多人可能会遇到的。在山区,越来越多的严重暴风雪是一个经常讨论的话题,对这方面的最新知识进行总结将是有用的。作者的地理分布有些令人惊讶,绝大多数来自北美和西欧(包括超过五分之一的瑞士),少数来自南美洲和大洋洲,没有一个来自亚洲。这种偏见反映在某些章节的文本中。要真正全面地处理这个涉及世界上许多地方的主题,需要一个多样化的作者团队。但是,尽管如此庞大的体积给了发现许多错误和遗漏的机会,这是一本书的宝藏。它不仅是办公室书架上必不可少的纲要,而且可读性很强,文字简洁,有许多优秀的图表和照片,当你在野外工作时,由于恶劣天气或即将发生的危险而被困在帐篷或小木屋里时,它会帮助你消磨时间。山地研究与发展(MRD)国际同行评审的开放获取期刊,由国际山地学会(IMS)出版www.mrd-journal.org MountainMedia
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引用次数: 0
Communicating Risk in Glacier Tourism: A Case Study of the Svínafellsheiði Fracture in Iceland 冰川旅游中的风险沟通:以冰岛Svínafellsheiði断裂为例
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00051.1
Stephanie Matti, Helga Ögmundardóttir, G. Aðalgeirsdóttir, U. Reichardt
Every day in early summer 2018, an estimated 1000 tourists went on guided tours of Svínafellsjökull, an outlet glacier in southeast Iceland. However, this changed on 22 June 2018, when a warning was issued against glacial travel due to the risk of a large landslide caused by a fracture in the surrounding mountainside. Tourists often entrust tourism employees with responsibility for their safety; however, there is a dearth of research into the ways in which tourism employees receive and respond to risk communication. These dynamics were explored in this ethnographic study, which drew on 50 semistructured interviews and extensive participant observation. The results indicate that despite demographic shifts, Icelandic inhabitants remain the basic unit on which risk management processes are centered, with repercussions for the ways in which exposure is calculated and risk is communicated. Tourists and tourism employees have a limited understanding of the risk and emergency protocols compared with local inhabitants. We argue that, for their own safety and that of customers, risk communication needs to be tailored to the needs of tourism employees, including guides and hospitality workers. The recommendations that emerge from this research can guide risk communication strategies in other mountainous regions of the world where tourism is an important source of livelihoods.
2018年初夏,每天约有1000名游客在导游的带领下游览冰岛东南部的outlet冰川Svínafellsjökull。然而,这种情况在2018年6月22日发生了变化,当时发布了关于冰川旅行的警告,因为周围山腰的裂缝可能导致大型山体滑坡。游客经常委托旅游工作人员负责他们的安全;然而,旅游业员工接受和应对风险沟通的方式缺乏研究。这些动态在这项民族志研究中进行了探索,该研究利用了50个半结构化访谈和广泛的参与者观察。结果表明,尽管人口结构发生了变化,冰岛居民仍然是风险管理过程的基本单位,这对计算暴露和传达风险的方式产生了影响。与当地居民相比,游客和旅游业员工对风险和应急协议的了解有限。我们认为,为了他们自己和客户的安全,风险沟通需要根据旅游业员工(包括导游和酒店工作人员)的需求进行调整。这项研究提出的建议可以指导世界上旅游业是重要生计来源的其他山区的风险沟通战略。
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引用次数: 1
The Development of Rural Residents' Sense of Place in an Ecological Restoration Area: A Case Study From Huajiang Gorge, China 生态修复区农村居民地方意识的发展——以中国华江峡为例
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00013.1
Yue Zhou, Fangjuan Du, K. Xiong, Wei Li, X. Zou
Sense of place and environmental problems have received increased attention in recent years; however, there is limited understanding of the dynamics of sense of place under gradual environmental changes. Using fieldwork and in-depth interviews, we explored the changes in rural residents' sense of place during the processes of ecological degradation and restoration in Huajiang Gorge, China. Our findings show that residents' sense of place is dynamic and complex. In the environmental degradation period, karst rocky desertification aggravated by human activities caused the slow spread of a negative sense of place; as rocky desertification governance developed, positive and negative or ambivalent feelings coexisted. We argue that the dimension of place dependence is the most sensitive to environmental change and affects farmers' sense of place positively or negatively, which may form a locked-in sense of place. Consideration of the dynamics and complex sense of place in karst rocky desertification governance could contribute to the effectiveness of decision-making and promote residents' wellbeing.
地方感和环境问题近年来受到越来越多的关注;然而,人们对逐渐变化的环境下的场所感的动态认识有限。采用实地调查和深度访谈的方法,探讨了花江峡谷生态退化与恢复过程中农村居民地方感的变化。我们的研究结果表明,居民的地方感是动态的、复杂的。在环境退化时期,人类活动加剧的喀斯特石漠化造成了负性地方感的缓慢传播;随着石漠化治理的发展,积极与消极或矛盾的情绪并存。我们认为,地方依赖维度对环境变化最为敏感,并对农民的地方感产生积极或消极的影响,从而形成一种封闭性的地方感。考虑喀斯特石漠化治理的动态性和复杂的地方感有助于决策的有效性,促进居民的福祉。
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引用次数: 1
Smart Initiatives in a Suburban Community: An Example From the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland 郊区社区的智能举措:以波兰圣十字山为例
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-21-00037.1
Łukasz Komorowski
This article considers the smart village concept as a new instrument for creating European Union (EU) policies on a territorial microscale. The goal was to identify the key resources that determine successful implementation of smart strategies at the lowest territorial level, using the example of a suburban area in the Holy Cross Mountains (Świętokrzyskie Mountains) in Poland. The study examined how the local community implements the smart village concept and the extent to which this concept is useful in mountain and foothill areas, where problems caused by natural conditions particularly affect local communities. The intervention took place in Świętokrzyskie province, in the suburban village of Piaseczna Górka. It was assessed through a case study during which 15 individual in-depth interviews were conducted, focusing on several smart initiatives conducted in 2015–2020. The respondents represented 3 groups of stakeholders: initiators, beneficiaries, and local government. The study enabled the key resources of smart villages—human, financial, material, and information—to be identified. Human resources were the most important for the success of the initiatives under consideration, being the driving force for the other 3 resources. Uncovering the mechanisms involved in implementing smart initiatives on a microscale is becoming especially important as a tool in solving local problems, which in mountain areas are often determined by specific natural conditions. The smart village concept is set to be a major instrument of the EU's future financial framework for 2021–2027 and is reflected in a growing number of EU and national documents, including those concerning mountain and foothill areas with varied geographic locations and diverse socioeconomic characteristics.
本文认为,智能村概念是在领土微观尺度上制定欧盟政策的一种新工具。目标是以波兰圣十字山郊区为例,确定决定在最低领土一级成功实施明智战略的关键资源。该研究考察了当地社区如何实施智能村概念,以及这一概念在山区和山麓地区的实用程度,因为自然条件造成的问题尤其影响到当地社区。干预行动发生在西维省郊区的Piaseczna Górka村。它是通过一项案例研究进行评估的,在该研究中,进行了15次个人深入访谈,重点关注2015-2020年进行的几项明智举措。受访者代表3组利益相关者:发起人、受益人和地方政府。这项研究使智能村的关键资源——人力、财力、物力和信息——得以确定。人力资源是所审议的举措取得成功的最重要因素,也是其他3项资源的驱动力。揭示在微观规模上实施智能举措所涉及的机制,作为解决当地问题的工具,变得尤为重要,而山区的当地问题往往由特定的自然条件决定。智能村概念将成为欧盟2021-2027年未来财政框架的一个主要工具,并反映在越来越多的欧盟和国家文件中,包括那些涉及不同地理位置和不同社会经济特征的山区和山麓地区的文件。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Mountain Research and Development
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