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A novel variable restitution coefficient model for sphere–substrate elastoplastic contact/impact process 球体-基底弹塑性接触/冲击过程的新型可变复原系数模型
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105773

The restitution coefficient serves as a critical parameter to evaluate the energy loss during the contact/impact process. Its in–depth researches are beneficial to accurately describing the contact/impact phenomenon. Given the limitations of existing restitution coefficient models, a novel variable restitution coefficient model, which considers the material properties and the initial relative contacting velocity between two colliding bodies, is proposed in this work. Firstly, the function relationship between the restitution coefficient and the equivalent plastic strain can be obtained based on the energy equivalence principle. After that, multi–condition FEM numerical simulation cases are conducted to explore the mapping relationship among the equivalent plastic strain, material properties and initial relative contacting velocity, with which the new normal variable restitution coefficient model can thus be established. Finally, various comparisons with several existing restitution coefficient models are conducted to showcase its superior performance, with the low–speed experimental data and high–speed FEM results acting as reference values. Furthermore, the new restitution coefficient model is extended to describe interaction process between two spheres, and also employed for the establishment of a new continuous contact force model.

恢复系数是评估接触/撞击过程中能量损失的关键参数。对其进行深入研究有利于准确描述接触/撞击现象。鉴于现有归还系数模型的局限性,本研究提出了一种新的可变归还系数模型,该模型考虑了两个碰撞体之间的材料特性和初始相对接触速度。首先,根据能量等效原理,可以得到恢复系数与等效塑性应变之间的函数关系。然后,进行多条件有限元数值模拟,探索等效塑性应变、材料特性和初始相对接触速度之间的映射关系,从而建立新的法变恢复系数模型。最后,以低速实验数据和高速有限元结果为参考值,与现有的几种复原系数模型进行了各种比较,以展示其优越性能。此外,新的恢复系数模型还被扩展用于描述两个球体之间的相互作用过程,并被用于建立新的连续接触力模型。
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引用次数: 0
Coupling vibration mechanism of multistage blisk-rotor system with blade crack 带叶片裂纹的多级叶盘-转子系统的耦合振动机理
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105767

This study aims to address the issue of vibration modeling and coupling vibration mechanism analysis of multistage blisk-rotor (MBR) systems with blade cracks. First, a comprehensive coupling vibration model of the MRB system containing the flexibility of shaft and blade, the swing motion of offset blisk structure, and the nonlinear effect of blade breathing crack is developed. Then, the coupling vibration mechanism of the MRB system is systematically investigated through analytical and numerical analysis, based on which the vibration indicators for the presence of blade cracks are extracted. At last, the effects of blade crack and operating condition parameters on the coupling vibration of the MRB system are comprehensively analyzed. The comparative results indicate that the crack depth and aerodynamic force may significantly affect the crack indicators in shaft bending and torsional vibrations, while the disc unbalance mainly affects the crack indicators in shaft bending vibrations. It is also suggested that the BHM and crack detection of rotating blades should comprehensively consider different crack indicators and perform continuous condition monitoring to obtain more robust and accurate results.

本研究旨在解决带有叶片裂纹的多级叶盘-转子(MBR)系统的振动建模和耦合振动机理分析问题。首先,建立了包含轴和叶片柔性、偏置叶盘结构摆动运动以及叶片呼吸裂纹非线性效应的 MRB 系统综合耦合振动模型。然后,通过分析和数值分析系统地研究了 MRB 系统的耦合振动机理,并在此基础上提取了叶片裂纹存在时的振动指标。最后,综合分析了叶片裂纹和运行工况参数对 MRB 系统耦合振动的影响。对比结果表明,裂纹深度和空气动力可能会对轴弯曲振动和扭转振动的裂纹指标产生显著影响,而圆盘不平衡主要影响轴弯曲振动的裂纹指标。研究还建议,旋转叶片的 BHM 和裂纹检测应综合考虑不同的裂纹指标,并进行连续状态监测,以获得更稳健、更准确的结果。
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引用次数: 0
Necessary conditions for static and dynamic bow snap-through in electrostatically actuated initially curved and latched micro-beams 静电驱动初始弯曲和闩锁微梁中静态和动态弓形卡穿的必要条件
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105772

A curved bistable micro-beam, subjected to electrostatic loading from an electrode facing its concave side, may produce a snap-through response with voltages as low as 54%, when compared to actuation from a convex facing electrode. Such actuation has been dubbed “bow actuation” due to the similarity of preloading an arrow onto a bow, and the resulting equilibrium shift, as “bow snap-through”. Under a certain elevation-to-thickness ratio, a bistable beam will also become latchable, allowing the beam to maintain itself in its second stable state under zero load/voltage. In the current work, necessary conditions are found for static and dynamic bow snap-through, which can be used as a tool to design and produce bow snap-through responses, promoting efficient non-volatile and low-power consumption bistable based devices. The conditions are found using an undamped dynamic single degree-of-freedom (DoF) reduced-order (RO) model, attained via Galerkin’s decomposition. Subsequent numerical calculations, conducted in the presence of ambient damping, show that the condition is necessary to attain bow snap-through responses, while also disclosing the snapping behaviour of the model.

一个弯曲的双稳态微梁在其凹面电极的静电加载下,与凸面电极的驱动相比,可产生电压低至 54% 的快穿响应。这种致动被称为 "弓形致动",因为它类似于将箭预载到弓上,以及由此产生的平衡移动,即 "弓形快穿"。在一定的仰角-厚度比下,双稳态梁也会变得可闩锁,使梁在零负载/电压下保持第二稳定状态。目前的研究发现了静态和动态 "弓形快穿 "的必要条件,可将其作为设计和生产 "弓形快穿 "响应的工具,促进基于双稳态器件的高效非易失性和低功耗。通过伽勒金分解,使用无阻尼动态单自由度(DoF)降阶(RO)模型发现了这些条件。随后在存在环境阻尼的情况下进行的数值计算表明,该条件是实现弓形快穿响应的必要条件,同时也揭示了模型的快穿行为。
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引用次数: 0
Configuration synthesis and screening method for multiple closed-loop unit tandem mechanisms 多闭环单元串联机构的配置合成和筛选方法
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105770

To broaden the methods of configuration synthesis, this study proposes a new method for configuration synthesis and screening of multiple closed-loop unit tandem mechanisms. Firstly, some closed-loop configurations are taken as basic units, and the closed-loop basic units are synthesized in series under the condition of considering the basic unit types, contacts, and input and output relationships. Secondly, the connectivity of the mechanism is obtained by weighting the adjacency matrix, and the entropy weight method is used for the first time to establish a comprehensive evaluation index coefficient to assess the quality of the mechanism. Then, an improved simulated annealing-greedy algorithm is proposed and an algorithm software screening platform is built to screen mechanisms. Finally, the multi-fingered grasper is used as design case to verify the practicality of the proposed configuration synthesis and screening method. This study can provide a reference for theoretical research on the configuration synthesis and screening methods of multiple closed-loop unit tandem mechanisms.

为了拓宽构型合成方法,本研究提出了一种新的多闭环单元串联机构构型合成与筛选方法。首先,将一些闭环构型作为基本单元,在考虑基本单元类型、触点和输入输出关系的条件下,对闭环基本单元进行串联合成。其次,通过对邻接矩阵加权得到机构的连通性,并首次采用熵权法建立了机构质量的综合评价指标系数。然后,提出了一种改进的模拟退火-贪心算法,并构建了一个算法软件筛选平台来筛选机构。最后,以多指抓手为设计案例,验证了所提出的构型合成和筛选方法的实用性。本研究可为多闭环单元串联机构配置合成与筛选方法的理论研究提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Design, modeling and analysis of large-stroke compliant constant torque mechanisms 大冲程顺应式恒扭矩机构的设计、建模和分析
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105760

Precision operations, such as micro-injection and micro-assembly tasks, require accurate and constant torque output. Compliant constant torque mechanisms (CCTMs) can be considered as a potential alternative due to the characteristic of accurate and constant torque output without the need for complex control algorithms and structures. Therefore, it is essential to propose a general, designer-friendly, and efficient design methodology for the design of CCTMs. In this paper, we propose a methodology for designing compliant constant torque mechanisms based on a co-design process between Cartesian coordinate system and Frenet frame. We use geometrically exact beam theory to model the static deflection of the built-in flexible beams so as to analyze the overall mechanism. We transform the design of this mechanism into a typical constrained optimization problem, and solve it via highly efficient numerical methods to achieve the desired design objectives given the user-defined constraints and satisfy some specific engineering requirements. Our optimized design is thoroughly evaluated and validated through finite element method and experimental testing, demonstrating a significantly improved performance compared to existing designs.

微注塑和微装配等精密操作需要精确恒定的扭矩输出。顺应式恒定扭矩机构(CCTM)无需复杂的控制算法和结构,即可输出精确恒定的扭矩,因此可被视为一种潜在的替代方案。因此,有必要为 CCTM 的设计提出一种通用的、便于设计者使用的高效设计方法。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于笛卡尔坐标系和 Frenet 框架协同设计过程的设计顺应式恒转矩机构的方法。我们使用几何精确梁理论来模拟内置柔性梁的静态挠度,从而分析整体机构。我们将该机构的设计转化为一个典型的约束优化问题,并通过高效的数值方法对其进行求解,从而在用户定义的约束条件下实现预期的设计目标,并满足一些特定的工程要求。我们通过有限元法和实验测试对优化设计进行了全面评估和验证,结果表明,与现有设计相比,我们的设计性能有了显著提高。
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引用次数: 0
Wave propagation analysis of the overhead conductor rail system based on numerical simulation and full-scale experiment 基于数值模拟和全尺寸实验的架空导轨系统波传播分析
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105769

The overhead conductor rail system (OCR) is an important current-transmitting structure for electric trains in tunnels. As the train speed increases, the wave propagation behaviour in the OCR plays an ever-increasingly important role in affecting the current collection quality. This paper is the first endeavour to numerically and experimentally explore wave behaviours in the OCR. With the help of a finite element model, the spatial propagation and frequency-domain characteristics of the wave propagation are investigated. Based on the time-space distribution of waves, the wave speed of the OCR is identified. Subsequently, a full-scale experimental test is conducted to identify a real-life OCR's wave speed for the first time. The relative error between the simulated and experimental speed is only 5.50 %, highlighting the effectiveness of the presented model. Then, the influence of wave propagation on the interaction performance of pantograph-OCR is analysed. A significant reduction of the interaction performance is observed when the train speed approaches the wave speed. Through sensitivity analysis, the bending stiffness, the linear density, and the span length are identified as sensitive parameters affecting the wave speed.

架空导轨系统(OCR)是隧道内电力列车的重要电流传输结构。随着列车速度的增加,OCR 中的波传播行为在影响电流收集质量方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文首次尝试通过数值和实验来探索 OCR 中的波行为。在有限元模型的帮助下,研究了波的空间传播和频域特征。根据波的时空分布,确定了 OCR 的波速。随后,进行了全面的实验测试,首次确定了现实中 OCR 的波速。模拟波速与实验波速的相对误差仅为 5.50%,凸显了模型的有效性。然后,分析了波传播对受电弓-OCR 交互性能的影响。当列车速度接近波速时,相互作用性能明显降低。通过敏感性分析,确定了弯曲刚度、线性密度和跨度长度是影响波速的敏感参数。
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引用次数: 0
Stiffness optimization design of wheeled-legged rover integrating active and passive compliance capabilities 集成主动和被动顺应能力的轮腿漫游车刚度优化设计
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105758

Compliance capability is one of the most important properties of suspension systems for rough-terrain robots. This imposes specific requirements on system stiffness design, which directly determines the platform's performance in response to external stimuli. To address the challenge of stiffness optimization design in active and passive compliant systems, this paper proposes a novel and practical method for optimizing stiffness for a terrain-adaptive wheel-legged rover. Firstly, the kinematic model of this multi-degree-of-freedom platform is established. Secondly, the deformation capability coefficient, load capacity coefficient, energy efficiency coefficient, and dynamic stability coefficient are derived as performance indices to assess the behavior of the system. By establishing the relationship between joint configuration variation and system stiffness, stiffness parameters could be evaluated through these performance indices. Ultimately, the global optimum stiffness parameters are selected from the refined intersection of the individual performance optimal domains. Thirdly, the optimum parameters are calculated and applicability verified numerically. The designed parameters are verified experimentally on a wheeled-legged rover. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can find the parameter combination that achieves optimal system performance, thereby enhancing the system's terrain adaptability.

顺应能力是粗糙地形机器人悬挂系统最重要的特性之一。这就对系统刚度设计提出了具体要求,因为刚度直接决定了平台对外界刺激的响应性能。为了应对主动和被动顺应系统刚度优化设计的挑战,本文提出了一种新颖实用的方法,用于优化地形适应轮腿式漫游车的刚度。首先,建立了该多自由度平台的运动学模型。其次,推导出变形能力系数、负载能力系数、能量效率系数和动态稳定性系数,作为评估系统行为的性能指标。通过建立关节配置变化与系统刚度之间的关系,可以通过这些性能指标来评估刚度参数。最后,从各个性能最优域的细化交叉点中选出全局最优刚度参数。第三,计算最佳参数并通过数值验证其适用性。设计参数在轮腿漫游车上进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,所提出的算法可以找到实现最佳系统性能的参数组合,从而提高系统的地形适应性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of ingress impact considering the full-tooth meshing period on the dynamic behavior of helical gear systems 考虑全齿啮合周期的侵入冲击对斜齿轮系统动态特性的影响
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105756

Meshing impact is one of the three major internal excitations that cause vibration and noise in gear systems. Ingress impact is the most significant component of meshing impact. Current research typically considers the ingress impact within a meshing period while neglecting the different impacts of the integrated systematic errors of each gear pair on it. However, in practical scenarios, it is unrealistic to presume that the systematic errors of each tooth are identical. Base pitch errors, for instance, are crucial metrics that reflect the quality of gear manufacturing, and empirical measurements have confirmed that these errors are indeed non-uniform. Therefore, the current calculation methods for ingress impact limit the accurate representation of the dynamic behavior of gear systems. Based on this, a model that captures the ingress impact throughout the full-tooth meshing period is established. When compared with the traditional calculation method, which solely considers the ingress impact in a single meshing period, the results demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper offers a superior description of the dynamic behavior of gear systems.

啮合冲击是导致齿轮系统振动和噪音的三大内部激励之一。输入冲击是啮合冲击中最重要的组成部分。目前的研究通常考虑的是啮合周期内的输入冲击,而忽略了每对齿轮的综合系统误差对其产生的不同影响。然而,在实际应用中,假设每个齿的系统误差都是相同的是不现实的。例如,基距误差是反映齿轮制造质量的关键指标,而经验测量证实这些误差确实是不均匀的。因此,目前的入齿冲击计算方法限制了对齿轮系统动态行为的准确表述。在此基础上,我们建立了一个能捕捉整个全齿啮合期间的入齿冲击的模型。传统的计算方法只考虑单个啮合周期的入齿冲击,与之相比,结果表明本文提出的方法能更好地描述齿轮系统的动态行为。
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引用次数: 0
Forward kinematics of three classes of 3-RRR spherical parallel mechanisms admitting closed-form solutions 允许闭式解的三类 3-RRR 球形并联机构的正向运动学
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105751

3-RRR spherical parallel mechanisms (SPMs) have been extensively studied due to their numerous applications. Substantial effort has been devoted to their forward kinematics (FK), which is essential for their calibration and feedback control. However, despite their simple architecture, rather few 3-RRR SPMs with closed-form FK solutions (CFFKS) have been reported; iterative procedures are thus required in most cases. This paper presents three classes of 3-RRR SPMs with CFFKS, with the univariate polynomials for their FK being linear, quadratic, or quartic. These classes include a large set of designs, thereby enhancing the flexibility in selecting their architecture parameters. Moreover, they cover the majority of 3-RRR SPMs with special geometries that have been reported, while encompassing 3-RRR SPMs with certain special geometries yielding exceptional features such as unlimited rotation capacity about certain directions. Notably, these formulations are also applicable to many SPMs with alternative topologies and certain parallel mechanisms of other types. This work expands the family of SPMs with CFFKS, highly desirable in many practical applications.

3-RR 球形并联机构(SPM)因其应用广泛而被广泛研究。人们对其正向运动学(FK)投入了大量精力,这对其校准和反馈控制至关重要。然而,尽管其结构简单,但具有闭式 FK 解(CFFKS)的 3-RR SPM 却鲜有报道;因此在大多数情况下都需要迭代程序。本文介绍了三类具有 CFFKS 的 3-RR SPM,其 FK 的单变量多项式分别为线性、二次或四次。这些类别包括大量设计,从而提高了选择架构参数的灵活性。此外,它们还涵盖了大多数已报道过的具有特殊几何形状的 3-RR SPM,同时还包括具有某些特殊几何形状的 3-RR SPM,这些特殊几何形状可产生特殊的功能,如围绕某些方向的无限旋转能力。值得注意的是,这些公式也适用于许多具有其他拓扑结构和某些其他类型并行机制的 SPM。这项工作扩展了具有 CFFKS 的 SPM 系列,这在许多实际应用中都是非常理想的。
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引用次数: 0
The novel synthesis of reconfigurable generalized parallel manipulators with kinematic redundancy 具有运动学冗余的可重构通用并行机械手的新型合成方法
IF 4.5 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2024.105748

This paper presents an innovative method to construct reconfigurable Generalized Parallel Manipulators (GPMs) through the integration of kinematotropic single-loop linkages and configurable platforms. The approach puts forward, for the first time, the development of reconfigurable manipulators by introducing kinematic redundancy. Firstly, this study analyzes the geometric configurations of the twofold-symmetric 8-bar single-loop linkage across various working phases. Secondly, by combining the kinematotropic linkage with moving platforms in GPMs, reconfigurable manipulators with kinematic redundancy are achieved. To validate the kinematic constraints and reconfigurable characteristics of the derived mechanisms, the algebraic structure properties of Lie groups are investigated. Then, a novel class of reconfigurable GPMs with kinematic redundancy is synthesized. The ability to shape the configurations of the platforms enables the resulting manipulators to exhibit reconfigurability. Consequently, these manipulators can execute multiple motion models corresponding to different working phases of the 8-bar linkages. Finally, this research highlights the potential applications of deployable stage by using the kinematic redundancy. The idea presented in this paper explores new possibilities for the development of reconfigurable manipulators with adaptive capabilities, and extend the potential applications of GPMs.

本文提出了一种创新方法,通过整合运动各向同性单环连接和可配置平台来构建可重构(s)。该方法首次提出了通过引入运动学冗余来开发可重构机械手的方法。首先,本研究分析了两重对称 8 杆单环连杆在不同工作阶段的几何配置。其次,通过将运动各向同性连杆机构与 GPM 中的移动平台相结合,实现了具有运动冗余的可重构机械手。为了验证衍生机构的运动学约束和可重构特性,研究了李群的代数结构特性。然后,合成了一类具有运动冗余的新型可重构 GPM。由于能够塑造平台的配置,因此衍生出的机械手表现出了可重构性。因此,这些机械手可以执行与 8 杆连杆的不同工作阶段相对应的多种运动模型。最后,本研究通过使用运动学冗余突出了可部署平台的潜在应用。本文提出的想法为开发具有自适应能力的可重构机械手探索了新的可能性,并拓展了 GPM 的潜在应用领域。
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引用次数: 0
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Mechanism and Machine Theory
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