{"title":"Rediscovery of type specimens of Nesorhinus hayasakai (Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae) from the Pleistocene of Taiwan","authors":"Cheng-Hsiu Tsai, Hiroyuki Otsuka, Jiann-Neng Fang","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Xu, Kaoru Suzuki, Takeshi Kanda, Chris Newman, Y. Kaneko
{"title":"Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) have Little Effect on the Food Habits of Native Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in a Satoyama Area of Tokyo","authors":"Jun Xu, Kaoru Suzuki, Takeshi Kanda, Chris Newman, Y. Kaneko","doi":"10.3106/ms2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"10 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Food Habits of the Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra in South Korea","authors":"Yeong-Seok Jo","doi":"10.3106/ms2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"2 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wai Min Thu, Takashi O. Yato, Shinya Okabe, Yuta Shintaku, Masaharu Motokawa
Morphological variation in the house mouse Mus musculus was examined based on five external body measurements and 25 skull measurements of 166 specimens from Honshu, Kyushu, Kikaijima Island, Okinoerabujima Island, Okinawajima Island, Miyakojima Island (my1 and my2), and Yonagunijima Island (yn) in Japan, as well as 99 specimens of M. caroli from Okinawajima Island (ca). In skull measurements, yn and my2 specimens were overlapped and distinct from the other localities in principal component analysis (PCA). Specimens of yn and my2 had shorter mandible heights. Although yn and my2 specimens overlapped with ca specimens in PCA using mandibular measurements, yn specimens had an elongated angular process reaching the posterior tip of the coronoid process, different from ca specimens with a more robust and long coronoid process. In this study, distinct morphological features were found on Yonagunijima Island. Specimens of my1 and my2 from Miyakojima Island differed from each other; my2 specimens were more similar to Yonagunijima Island specimens. The mandibular morphometric similarity between M. musculus from Yonagunijima Island and M. caroli from Okinawajima Island is presumably related to adaptations in producing similar mechanical advantages and equivalent masticatory forces.
{"title":"Morphological Variation of the House Mouse Mus musculus and the Ryukyu Mouse M. caroli (Mammalia: Muridae) from Japan","authors":"Wai Min Thu, Takashi O. Yato, Shinya Okabe, Yuta Shintaku, Masaharu Motokawa","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological variation in the house mouse Mus musculus was examined based on five external body measurements and 25 skull measurements of 166 specimens from Honshu, Kyushu, Kikaijima Island, Okinoerabujima Island, Okinawajima Island, Miyakojima Island (my1 and my2), and Yonagunijima Island (yn) in Japan, as well as 99 specimens of M. caroli from Okinawajima Island (ca). In skull measurements, yn and my2 specimens were overlapped and distinct from the other localities in principal component analysis (PCA). Specimens of yn and my2 had shorter mandible heights. Although yn and my2 specimens overlapped with ca specimens in PCA using mandibular measurements, yn specimens had an elongated angular process reaching the posterior tip of the coronoid process, different from ca specimens with a more robust and long coronoid process. In this study, distinct morphological features were found on Yonagunijima Island. Specimens of my1 and my2 from Miyakojima Island differed from each other; my2 specimens were more similar to Yonagunijima Island specimens. The mandibular morphometric similarity between M. musculus from Yonagunijima Island and M. caroli from Okinawajima Island is presumably related to adaptations in producing similar mechanical advantages and equivalent masticatory forces.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Active acoustic emission from a mother to a calf after parturition is one strategy used to enhance recognition of mothers by calves and develop, then maintain, a mother–calf bond from an early stage. This study predicted that a high-calling postpartum period exists in a social delphinid, the Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). This species produces pulsed call sequences for vocal exchange with conspecifics, and these sequences appear to be an important signal between mothers and calves. Sounds were recorded from three pregnant females at the Niigata City Aquarium, Marinepia Nihonkai, Japan, before and after each birth in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to investigate the rate of their pulsed call sequences. Continuous data from prior to four days to five days following parturition, opportunistic data within the last pre-parturition month, and data from the postpartum period were obtained from the females. The pulsed call sequence gradually increased during the last gestational month. A high-rate sequence was repeated daily for four days pre-parturition and faded within several hours postpartum, and few sequences were produced from the day after parturition. Contrary to our prediction, the many pre-parturition sequences and fewer postpartum sequences suggest a low efficiency of postpartum imprinting in this species.
{"title":"Pre- and Postpartum Acoustic Activity in Captive Pacific White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) Mothers","authors":"Yuka Mishima, Teruyo Matsumoto, Tadamichi Morisaka, Fumio Nakahara","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Active acoustic emission from a mother to a calf after parturition is one strategy used to enhance recognition of mothers by calves and develop, then maintain, a mother–calf bond from an early stage. This study predicted that a high-calling postpartum period exists in a social delphinid, the Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). This species produces pulsed call sequences for vocal exchange with conspecifics, and these sequences appear to be an important signal between mothers and calves. Sounds were recorded from three pregnant females at the Niigata City Aquarium, Marinepia Nihonkai, Japan, before and after each birth in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to investigate the rate of their pulsed call sequences. Continuous data from prior to four days to five days following parturition, opportunistic data within the last pre-parturition month, and data from the postpartum period were obtained from the females. The pulsed call sequence gradually increased during the last gestational month. A high-rate sequence was repeated daily for four days pre-parturition and faded within several hours postpartum, and few sequences were produced from the day after parturition. Contrary to our prediction, the many pre-parturition sequences and fewer postpartum sequences suggest a low efficiency of postpartum imprinting in this species.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135569275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food Habits of Feral Dogs and Red Foxes in a New Endemic Area of Echinococcus multilocularis","authors":"Hideharu Tsukada, Kinpei Yagi, Yasuyuki Morishima","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although much research has accumulated on Sciuridae vocalizations, most of it has been on terrestrial squirrels, and there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding arboreal squirrels. Vocalizations of the Japanese squirrel, Sciurus lis, were investigated in the urban park of Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The Japanese squirrels produced “kuk” and “moan” in alert and “squeal” and “buzz” in social interactions. Of the “kuk” sounds, 58.2% were uttered toward cats, dogs, or observers, while 36.4% of the “moan” sounds were toward crows or hawks. In a playback experiment of two types of alarm calls, when the squirrels were on the ground, they immediately fled up the tree in response to the “kuk” sound but remained still in response to the “moan” sound. However, squirrels in the trees often responded to remain still for both sounds. These results indicated that “kuk” tends to be emitted against terrestrial mammals and “moan” against aerial birds, and the decision to flee or stay is more critical on the ground, where they are more vulnerable to predation. The two types of alarm vocalizations in the Japanese squirrel may function to ensure the rapid and appropriate escape behavior of nearby close relatives.
{"title":"Structure and Function of the Vocalization of Japanese Squirrels, Sciurus lis","authors":"Noriko Tamura, Yukiko Fujii, Keiji Imai","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Although much research has accumulated on Sciuridae vocalizations, most of it has been on terrestrial squirrels, and there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding arboreal squirrels. Vocalizations of the Japanese squirrel, Sciurus lis, were investigated in the urban park of Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The Japanese squirrels produced “kuk” and “moan” in alert and “squeal” and “buzz” in social interactions. Of the “kuk” sounds, 58.2% were uttered toward cats, dogs, or observers, while 36.4% of the “moan” sounds were toward crows or hawks. In a playback experiment of two types of alarm calls, when the squirrels were on the ground, they immediately fled up the tree in response to the “kuk” sound but remained still in response to the “moan” sound. However, squirrels in the trees often responded to remain still for both sounds. These results indicated that “kuk” tends to be emitted against terrestrial mammals and “moan” against aerial birds, and the decision to flee or stay is more critical on the ground, where they are more vulnerable to predation. The two types of alarm vocalizations in the Japanese squirrel may function to ensure the rapid and appropriate escape behavior of nearby close relatives.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Yuen Zhao, Anna Wong, Sylvia Alsisto, Ikki Matsuda, Henry Bernard
Human-macaque interactions and conflicts were examined at the main campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The study observed the behavior of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and their dependence on both natural and anthropogenic food sources. Results revealed that the macaques' diet primarily consisted of young leaves (40.6%) from the natural environment within the UMS campus, but anthropogenic food discarded by students in garbage cans (27.6%) also contributed a major component in their diet. The availability of anthropogenic food positively correlated with the macaques' consumption, indicating that they consumed more of such foods when they were more abundant, particularly during the semesters when students were present. A questionnaire survey further highlighted that while the presence of macaques on the UMS campus was not considered a major concern, it still posed a problem that necessitated immediate attention. The main driving factor behind these interactions, as perceived by the students, was the macaques accessing anthropogenic food waste in garbage cans located in human-dominated spaces. To mitigate conflicts, it is suggested to implement macaque-proof garbage cans, reduce the amount of leftover anthropogenic food, and improve waste management practices. Additionally, educational activities should be considered to discourage direct feeding of macaques by students.
{"title":"Long-Tailed Macaque Reliance on Anthropogenic Food with Potential Conflicts toward Humans in the Campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah","authors":"Yong Yuen Zhao, Anna Wong, Sylvia Alsisto, Ikki Matsuda, Henry Bernard","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Human-macaque interactions and conflicts were examined at the main campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The study observed the behavior of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and their dependence on both natural and anthropogenic food sources. Results revealed that the macaques' diet primarily consisted of young leaves (40.6%) from the natural environment within the UMS campus, but anthropogenic food discarded by students in garbage cans (27.6%) also contributed a major component in their diet. The availability of anthropogenic food positively correlated with the macaques' consumption, indicating that they consumed more of such foods when they were more abundant, particularly during the semesters when students were present. A questionnaire survey further highlighted that while the presence of macaques on the UMS campus was not considered a major concern, it still posed a problem that necessitated immediate attention. The main driving factor behind these interactions, as perceived by the students, was the macaques accessing anthropogenic food waste in garbage cans located in human-dominated spaces. To mitigate conflicts, it is suggested to implement macaque-proof garbage cans, reduce the amount of leftover anthropogenic food, and improve waste management practices. Additionally, educational activities should be considered to discourage direct feeding of macaques by students.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. We report the movements related to feeding behavior (using radio telemetry), and the contribution of gut passage to seed germination, of a male masked palm civet Paguma larvata in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The 95% kernel and 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home-range sizes were 1.20 km2 and 2.85 km2, respectively, based on 39 telemetry fixes during 151 tracking days. We recorded six feeding sites consisting of fruiting Ficus trees. The civet repeatedly visited the same fruiting trees, indicating specific food resources may be limited within these forests. However, we observed the civet leaving ripe figs uneaten. Thus the total number of ripe fruits might not be the priority factor determining civet feeding behaviors. The tracked civet usually slept in places that were 0.5 km away from feeding sites and he visited several trees in one night. Gut passage enhanced seed germination of a hemi-epiphytic fig species, Ficus lawesii, and ingested seeds germinated much earlier than intact ones, indicating that gut passage may be essential for improving germination. The results suggest the possible contribution of this species to seed dispersal, especially in plants having epiphytic life forms. More studies are needed to evaluate the ecological role of this species in its ecosystem.
{"title":"First Report on the Movements Related to Feeding Behavior and Potential Importance as a Seed Disperser of the Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata in Borneo","authors":"Miyabi Nakabayashi, Abdul Hamid Ahmad","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We report the movements related to feeding behavior (using radio telemetry), and the contribution of gut passage to seed germination, of a male masked palm civet Paguma larvata in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The 95% kernel and 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) home-range sizes were 1.20 km2 and 2.85 km2, respectively, based on 39 telemetry fixes during 151 tracking days. We recorded six feeding sites consisting of fruiting Ficus trees. The civet repeatedly visited the same fruiting trees, indicating specific food resources may be limited within these forests. However, we observed the civet leaving ripe figs uneaten. Thus the total number of ripe fruits might not be the priority factor determining civet feeding behaviors. The tracked civet usually slept in places that were 0.5 km away from feeding sites and he visited several trees in one night. Gut passage enhanced seed germination of a hemi-epiphytic fig species, Ficus lawesii, and ingested seeds germinated much earlier than intact ones, indicating that gut passage may be essential for improving germination. The results suggest the possible contribution of this species to seed dispersal, especially in plants having epiphytic life forms. More studies are needed to evaluate the ecological role of this species in its ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41760483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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