Abstract. We studied the autumn (September–November) food habits of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) by sampling the stomach contents of 64 individuals (male, n = 31; female, n = 33) killed on national roads in Ibaraki Prefecture. Our aim was to examine sex differences in the autumn food habits of raccoon dogs in suburban area where human related disturbances can occur on the raccoon dogs. The frequency of occurrence (FO) and the percent volume (PV) of fruits and insects were high for both males and females and FO and PV of garbage were low for both males and females. There were no significant differences between the sexes for food items. FO and PV were not significantly different between sexes for adults and yearlings. This is likely because males and females may use the same area even in suburban area, and they likely both forage on the most abundant food resources that are easily accessible within their habitats.
{"title":"Are there Sexual Differences in the Autumn Food Habits of Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Suburban Area?","authors":"Ayaka Hasegawa, Y. Goto, K. Yamazaki","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We studied the autumn (September–November) food habits of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) by sampling the stomach contents of 64 individuals (male, n = 31; female, n = 33) killed on national roads in Ibaraki Prefecture. Our aim was to examine sex differences in the autumn food habits of raccoon dogs in suburban area where human related disturbances can occur on the raccoon dogs. The frequency of occurrence (FO) and the percent volume (PV) of fruits and insects were high for both males and females and FO and PV of garbage were low for both males and females. There were no significant differences between the sexes for food items. FO and PV were not significantly different between sexes for adults and yearlings. This is likely because males and females may use the same area even in suburban area, and they likely both forage on the most abundant food resources that are easily accessible within their habitats.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"47 1","pages":"39 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Wolves play a crucial role in shaping ecological communities as an apex predator in the dry-open forests of semi-arid landscapes in India. Large scale habitat loss pertaining to human expansion and retaliatory killing by human caused severe decline in the wolf population across its range. The estimated wolf population size is close to 2000–3000 individuals in India; however, these estimates were decades old and the present status of the wolf in the semi-arid landscape is largely unknown. We assessed the distribution of wolves in Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan using occupancy models and identified important factors associated with habitat-use by wolves. Occupancy modelling shifts the focus from individual animal to a site, while accounting for detection probability. To assess the habitat-use we used sign-based surveys that rely on data collected from adjacent sampling sites (replicates). The habitat-use was assessed across 672.82 km2 surveying 48 grid cells, each measuring 14.44 km2. Estimated habitat-use Ѱ (SD) was found to be 0.82 (0.14). Our findings suggested that availability of agriculture land had the significant positive influence on the habitat-use of wolves. Other factors such as availability of water, scrubland, and wild prey (nilgai and chinkara) also had a positive effect on the habitat use of wolves, but it was not significant. Forest cover has a negative influence on the habitat use of wolves. This study is the first rigorous assessment of the Indian grey wolf habitat-use at the level of wildlife reserve with potential conservation value that can be applied to other areas in India.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Habitat-Use of Indian Grey Wolf in the Semiarid Landscape of Western India","authors":"P. Mahajan, D. Khandal, Kapil Chandrawal","doi":"10.3106/ms2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wolves play a crucial role in shaping ecological communities as an apex predator in the dry-open forests of semi-arid landscapes in India. Large scale habitat loss pertaining to human expansion and retaliatory killing by human caused severe decline in the wolf population across its range. The estimated wolf population size is close to 2000–3000 individuals in India; however, these estimates were decades old and the present status of the wolf in the semi-arid landscape is largely unknown. We assessed the distribution of wolves in Kailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan using occupancy models and identified important factors associated with habitat-use by wolves. Occupancy modelling shifts the focus from individual animal to a site, while accounting for detection probability. To assess the habitat-use we used sign-based surveys that rely on data collected from adjacent sampling sites (replicates). The habitat-use was assessed across 672.82 km2 surveying 48 grid cells, each measuring 14.44 km2. Estimated habitat-use Ѱ (SD) was found to be 0.82 (0.14). Our findings suggested that availability of agriculture land had the significant positive influence on the habitat-use of wolves. Other factors such as availability of water, scrubland, and wild prey (nilgai and chinkara) also had a positive effect on the habitat use of wolves, but it was not significant. Forest cover has a negative influence on the habitat use of wolves. This study is the first rigorous assessment of the Indian grey wolf habitat-use at the level of wildlife reserve with potential conservation value that can be applied to other areas in India.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"47 1","pages":"23 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49226461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Many heterotherms employ torpor to conserve energy to cope with food shortage. Food shortage affects not only energy budgets but also other aspects of nutritional status. In addition to serving as an energy substrate, dietary proteins also provide vital nutrients including essential amino acids, some of which cannot be synthesized de novo. We evaluated the hypothesis that dietary protein deficiency induces torpor as a means of adjusting protein metabolism in the African woodland dormouse (Graphiurus murinus), a rodent with a protein-rich diet and lacking a cecum, which limits the potential for hindgut fermentation and coprophagy. Dormice were fed control and non-protein diets with equivalent energy content every two weeks under thermoneutral conditions. While the dormice did not express torpor under control conditions, some did under protein-deficient conditions. Among dormice expressing torpor, one maintained energy intake comparable to that during the control diet period, whereas the other reduced energy intake due to spontaneously reduced food consumption. These results suggest that torpor can be induced directly or indirectly by dietary protein deficiency even in the absence of energy constraints and thermal stress. In either case, torpor in response to deficiency in certain nutrients can reduce demands of the nutrient.
{"title":"Dietary Protein Deficiency Affects Food Consumption and Torpor in the African Woodland Dormouse (Graphiurus murinus)","authors":"Takeshi Eto, Sayako Hidaka, Hiroki Shichijo, Goro A. Nagura-Kato, Tetsuo Morita","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Many heterotherms employ torpor to conserve energy to cope with food shortage. Food shortage affects not only energy budgets but also other aspects of nutritional status. In addition to serving as an energy substrate, dietary proteins also provide vital nutrients including essential amino acids, some of which cannot be synthesized de novo. We evaluated the hypothesis that dietary protein deficiency induces torpor as a means of adjusting protein metabolism in the African woodland dormouse (Graphiurus murinus), a rodent with a protein-rich diet and lacking a cecum, which limits the potential for hindgut fermentation and coprophagy. Dormice were fed control and non-protein diets with equivalent energy content every two weeks under thermoneutral conditions. While the dormice did not express torpor under control conditions, some did under protein-deficient conditions. Among dormice expressing torpor, one maintained energy intake comparable to that during the control diet period, whereas the other reduced energy intake due to spontaneously reduced food consumption. These results suggest that torpor can be induced directly or indirectly by dietary protein deficiency even in the absence of energy constraints and thermal stress. In either case, torpor in response to deficiency in certain nutrients can reduce demands of the nutrient.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"939 ","pages":"13 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41271682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The Hainan mole Mogera hainana was described as a full species by Thomas (1910), but its taxonomic status of this animal has been debated since then and remains controversial. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial genome of M. hainana. We also estimated its phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Rag1 genes and conducted molecular species delimitation analyses using Bayesian Poisson tree processes, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning to determine the evolutionary position and putative taxonomic status of M. hainana. The mitogenome of M. hainana is 16 845 base pairs, composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and the control region. We further compared this sequence with those of other Mogera species. The phylogenetic trees support a sister relationship between M. hainana and M. kanoana and close relationships among M. hainana, M. kanoana, M. insularis, and M. latouchei. Species delimitation analyses suggest that M. hainana is distinct from other recognized species and thus is likely a distinct species.
{"title":"New Mitogenome of the Hainan Mole Mogera hainana and Taxonomic Implications Based on Molecular Data","authors":"F. Tu, Xiaofei Zhai, Wenjing Zhao, Jichao Wang","doi":"10.3106/ms2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Hainan mole Mogera hainana was described as a full species by Thomas (1910), but its taxonomic status of this animal has been debated since then and remains controversial. In this study, we determined the mitochondrial genome of M. hainana. We also estimated its phylogenetic relationships using mitochondrial Cytb and nuclear Rag1 genes and conducted molecular species delimitation analyses using Bayesian Poisson tree processes, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning to determine the evolutionary position and putative taxonomic status of M. hainana. The mitogenome of M. hainana is 16 845 base pairs, composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and the control region. We further compared this sequence with those of other Mogera species. The phylogenetic trees support a sister relationship between M. hainana and M. kanoana and close relationships among M. hainana, M. kanoana, M. insularis, and M. latouchei. Species delimitation analyses suggest that M. hainana is distinct from other recognized species and thus is likely a distinct species.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"47 1","pages":"57 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45039471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The Japanese marten (Martes melampus) invades houses through holes and causes excrement problems. These holes should be covered to prevent the marten's intrusion into houses. However, there is no information about what size of hole they can squeeze through. Therefore, we investigated the sizes of the holes that they could pass through using three reared individuals in summer and winter. We put a bait in an experimental box with a replaceable front panel, which had a square or round hole. The minimum passable sizes were recorded in summer. For a square hole the minimum size was 5.0 cm for each side, and for a round hole the minimum sized hole had a diameter of 5.5 cm. It is necessary to cover holes of these sizes or more to prevent their house invasion. The body weight and the hole shape had no significant effect on the minimum passable area. On the other hand, the season had a significant effect on the minimum passable areas. The shoulder seems to be the limiting factor for whether the martens can pass through the holes. Therefore, the seasonal change in the body size around the shoulder may affect the minimum passable area of holes.
{"title":"The Hole Size that the Japanese Marten (Martes melampus) can Pass through","authors":"Hironori Ueda, S. Doyama, Y. Eguchi","doi":"10.3106/ms2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Japanese marten (Martes melampus) invades houses through holes and causes excrement problems. These holes should be covered to prevent the marten's intrusion into houses. However, there is no information about what size of hole they can squeeze through. Therefore, we investigated the sizes of the holes that they could pass through using three reared individuals in summer and winter. We put a bait in an experimental box with a replaceable front panel, which had a square or round hole. The minimum passable sizes were recorded in summer. For a square hole the minimum size was 5.0 cm for each side, and for a round hole the minimum sized hole had a diameter of 5.5 cm. It is necessary to cover holes of these sizes or more to prevent their house invasion. The body weight and the hole shape had no significant effect on the minimum passable area. On the other hand, the season had a significant effect on the minimum passable areas. The shoulder seems to be the limiting factor for whether the martens can pass through the holes. Therefore, the seasonal change in the body size around the shoulder may affect the minimum passable area of holes.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"47 1","pages":"3 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tania Zakir, Harish Debbarma, Rafia Mahjabin, Rasel Debbarma, Zaber Khan, Md. Mizanur Rahman Minu, F. Zahura, M. Akash
Abstract. Bangladesh holds 191 km2 semi-evergreen northeastern (NE) forests where systematic camera-trapping has never been carried out. An effort of 587 trap nights in Satchari National Park, a NE forest, revealed ten carnivores, two ungulates, two primates, two rodents, and one treeshrew (12 threatened in Bangladesh; of which three globally threatened; dhole and northern treeshrew were new discoveries). Pairwise circadian homogeneity, coefficient of temporal overlap ( ), and spatial cooccurrence pattern were measured. High values ( > 0.75) were noted in 36 pairwise comparisons, and positive spatial association (Pgt < 0.05) in five. Anthropogenic activities overlapped with diurnal species (0.65 ≤ 1 ≤ 0.88) but stood dissimilar (P < 0.05 in the Mardia-Watson-Wheeler test) except for yellow-throated marten–livestock movement (1 = 0.70). Although species-specific dietary or temporal preference explains the observed associations, low detection of the jungle cat (2) compared to the leopard cat (56), absence of the fishing cat, homogenous activity (P > 0.05) in yellow-throated marten–crab-eating mongoose (1 = 0.83) and rhesus macaque–pig-tailed macaque (4 = 0.93) pairs need further research. These insights are remarkable as NE forests, the western cusp of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, are contrarily deemed ‘empty’, receiving least scientific investments.
{"title":"Are Northeastern Forests of Bangladesh Empty? Insights from Camera-Trapping into Spatiotemporal Activity Pattern of Mammals in a Semi-Evergreen National Park","authors":"Tania Zakir, Harish Debbarma, Rafia Mahjabin, Rasel Debbarma, Zaber Khan, Md. Mizanur Rahman Minu, F. Zahura, M. Akash","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bangladesh holds 191 km2 semi-evergreen northeastern (NE) forests where systematic camera-trapping has never been carried out. An effort of 587 trap nights in Satchari National Park, a NE forest, revealed ten carnivores, two ungulates, two primates, two rodents, and one treeshrew (12 threatened in Bangladesh; of which three globally threatened; dhole and northern treeshrew were new discoveries). Pairwise circadian homogeneity, coefficient of temporal overlap ( ), and spatial cooccurrence pattern were measured. High values ( > 0.75) were noted in 36 pairwise comparisons, and positive spatial association (Pgt < 0.05) in five. Anthropogenic activities overlapped with diurnal species (0.65 ≤ 1 ≤ 0.88) but stood dissimilar (P < 0.05 in the Mardia-Watson-Wheeler test) except for yellow-throated marten–livestock movement (1 = 0.70). Although species-specific dietary or temporal preference explains the observed associations, low detection of the jungle cat (2) compared to the leopard cat (56), absence of the fishing cat, homogenous activity (P > 0.05) in yellow-throated marten–crab-eating mongoose (1 = 0.83) and rhesus macaque–pig-tailed macaque (4 = 0.93) pairs need further research. These insights are remarkable as NE forests, the western cusp of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, are contrarily deemed ‘empty’, receiving least scientific investments.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47728738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the subgenus Mus, the Eurasian lineage of the genus Mus, remain unresolved, even for the house mouse (Mus musculus). While the subgenus is diverse in Asia, few studies cover both its morphology and molecular phylogeny. We re-examined 70 specimens identified as M. cervicolor that were collected from central Nepal in 1968 and 1975 and are currently deposited in the Hokkaido University Natural History Museum. To compare morphological features, we examined skull geometric morphometrics and body coloration, and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of representative specimens. The specimens were most likely either M. booduga or M. musculus. The best morphological characteristics for distinguishing the two species were the nasal length ratio, which was high and low, respectively. Mus booduga was found to inhabit altitudes lower than 1000 m and have light ventral fur, while M. musculus inhabited various altitudes up to 3000 m and had variable fur color depending on the altitude. We also discuss the taxonomic status of the fawn-colored mouse M. cervicolor.
{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Recharacterization of the Rodent Genus Mus from Nepal Based on Museum Specimens","authors":"M. Kishimoto, Masaru Kato, Hitoshi Suzuki","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the subgenus Mus, the Eurasian lineage of the genus Mus, remain unresolved, even for the house mouse (Mus musculus). While the subgenus is diverse in Asia, few studies cover both its morphology and molecular phylogeny. We re-examined 70 specimens identified as M. cervicolor that were collected from central Nepal in 1968 and 1975 and are currently deposited in the Hokkaido University Natural History Museum. To compare morphological features, we examined skull geometric morphometrics and body coloration, and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences of representative specimens. The specimens were most likely either M. booduga or M. musculus. The best morphological characteristics for distinguishing the two species were the nasal length ratio, which was high and low, respectively. Mus booduga was found to inhabit altitudes lower than 1000 m and have light ventral fur, while M. musculus inhabited various altitudes up to 3000 m and had variable fur color depending on the altitude. We also discuss the taxonomic status of the fawn-colored mouse M. cervicolor.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The generic name of the humpback whale, Megaptera was named after their forelimb, which means a “large wing”. New whale remains (specimen number: OMNH-QV 60) including the right scapula, humerus, and radius from the Namba Formation, Holocene in Osaka, Japan is reported as a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae based on diagnoses of the species; having reduced acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula, and long humerus and radius. The body length of the individual can be estimated as 13 m based on the proportion between forelimb elements and body length. It suggests that OMNH-QV 60 is adult. The specimen is a certain record of Megaptera novaeangliae from Holocene sediments in Japan with size estimation.
{"title":"New Humpback Whale Remains from the Holocene (Quaternary) of Osaka, Japan","authors":"Yoshihiro Tanaka, H. Taruno","doi":"10.3106/ms2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The generic name of the humpback whale, Megaptera was named after their forelimb, which means a “large wing”. New whale remains (specimen number: OMNH-QV 60) including the right scapula, humerus, and radius from the Namba Formation, Holocene in Osaka, Japan is reported as a humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae based on diagnoses of the species; having reduced acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula, and long humerus and radius. The body length of the individual can be estimated as 13 m based on the proportion between forelimb elements and body length. It suggests that OMNH-QV 60 is adult. The specimen is a certain record of Megaptera novaeangliae from Holocene sediments in Japan with size estimation.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49192402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Dental anomalies in the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides Temminck, 1841 (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) were examined, based on 1001 specimens. We followed the dental formula of U. talpoides I 2/1, C 1/1, P 4/3, M 3/3 = 36, which is adopted by the most recent Japanese researchers, and found dental anomalies in 17 specimens involving 12 instances of absent tooth, four of extra tooth, and one of connate tooth. Of these, the following dental anomalies are reported in U. talpoides for the first time: extra tooth posterior to the upper canine (C1), extra tooth posterior to the upper second premolar (P2), extra teeth on the inner sides of the upper fourth premolars (P4), and connate tooth on the lower canine (C1). The most frequently observed dental anomaly was the absent tooth on C1 (52.9%), whereas the others were not common (< 11.8%). Our results indicate that dental anomalies in U. talpoides in Urotrichini possess the different pattern from those in species in Scalopini and Talpini. On the other hand, alternative hypothesis of dental formula I 3/2, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 3/3 = 36 explains the observed anomaly pattern in line with the general trend of dental anomalies in Talpini and Scalopini.
{"title":"New Dental Anomalies in the Greater Japanese Shrew Mole Urotrichus talpoides (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae)","authors":"S. Okabe, A. Shinohara, M. Motokawa","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0095","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dental anomalies in the greater Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides Temminck, 1841 (Eulipotyphla: Talpidae) were examined, based on 1001 specimens. We followed the dental formula of U. talpoides I 2/1, C 1/1, P 4/3, M 3/3 = 36, which is adopted by the most recent Japanese researchers, and found dental anomalies in 17 specimens involving 12 instances of absent tooth, four of extra tooth, and one of connate tooth. Of these, the following dental anomalies are reported in U. talpoides for the first time: extra tooth posterior to the upper canine (C1), extra tooth posterior to the upper second premolar (P2), extra teeth on the inner sides of the upper fourth premolars (P4), and connate tooth on the lower canine (C1). The most frequently observed dental anomaly was the absent tooth on C1 (52.9%), whereas the others were not common (< 11.8%). Our results indicate that dental anomalies in U. talpoides in Urotrichini possess the different pattern from those in species in Scalopini and Talpini. On the other hand, alternative hypothesis of dental formula I 3/2, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 3/3 = 36 explains the observed anomaly pattern in line with the general trend of dental anomalies in Talpini and Scalopini.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Baek, T. Iwasaki, K. Yamazaki, T. Naganuma, A. Inagaki, K. Tochigi, M. L. Allen, Chinatsu Kozakai, S. Koike
Abstract. Hibernation (denning) is an important aspect of the life history of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus), and denning chronology can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated activity patterns during the pre-denning period of Asian black bears using statistical process control in combination with activity sensors to quantitatively identify a marked reduction in activity from 2006 to 2017 in the Ashio–Nikko Mountains, Japan. Pre-denning activities were detected in 29 of 35 cases (83%), with an average duration of 2.7 ± 1.7 days, which is one to three days shorter than the duration for brown bears (U. arctos). The effect of bear's age, sex, and the abundance of hard mast on the duration of pre-denning were not significant.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Pre-Denning Activity in Asian Black Bears","authors":"S. Baek, T. Iwasaki, K. Yamazaki, T. Naganuma, A. Inagaki, K. Tochigi, M. L. Allen, Chinatsu Kozakai, S. Koike","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Hibernation (denning) is an important aspect of the life history of Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus), and denning chronology can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. We investigated activity patterns during the pre-denning period of Asian black bears using statistical process control in combination with activity sensors to quantitatively identify a marked reduction in activity from 2006 to 2017 in the Ashio–Nikko Mountains, Japan. Pre-denning activities were detected in 29 of 35 cases (83%), with an average duration of 2.7 ± 1.7 days, which is one to three days shorter than the duration for brown bears (U. arctos). The effect of bear's age, sex, and the abundance of hard mast on the duration of pre-denning were not significant.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43980596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：