Abstract. We studied temporal (monthly and inter-yearly) variations in the dietary habits of wild Japanese badgers (Meles anakuma) inhabiting Ishinomaki City, northern Japan through fecal analyses, focusing on the relationship with the availability of main diets. The diets of the badgers in our study site were mainly composed of three items: fruits, arthropods, and earthworms, which were similar to those in other study sites in Japan. The degree of fruit and earthworm feeding by the badgers was higher throughout the year, whereas arthropod feeding was higher during spring and summer. Vertebrates were less detected in badger feces. During the fall of 2021, the percentage of fruits was greater than that in 2020, while that of arthropods and earthworms showed reverse trends, likely due to inter-yearly difference in fruit availability. For the three predominant food items, no significant correlation was found between feeding and availability. Our results imply that, similar to European badgers, the Japanese badger can be viewed as a generalist animal that uses profitable resources when available but shifts their preference to other food resources when availability of other primary food resources increases.
{"title":"Dietary Habits of Japanese Badgers (Meles anakuma) in Northern Japan: Relationship with Food Availability","authors":"Yuki Shikama, Taichi Araki, Tomohito Ito, Yamato Tsuji","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We studied temporal (monthly and inter-yearly) variations in the dietary habits of wild Japanese badgers (Meles anakuma) inhabiting Ishinomaki City, northern Japan through fecal analyses, focusing on the relationship with the availability of main diets. The diets of the badgers in our study site were mainly composed of three items: fruits, arthropods, and earthworms, which were similar to those in other study sites in Japan. The degree of fruit and earthworm feeding by the badgers was higher throughout the year, whereas arthropod feeding was higher during spring and summer. Vertebrates were less detected in badger feces. During the fall of 2021, the percentage of fruits was greater than that in 2020, while that of arthropods and earthworms showed reverse trends, likely due to inter-yearly difference in fruit availability. For the three predominant food items, no significant correlation was found between feeding and availability. Our results imply that, similar to European badgers, the Japanese badger can be viewed as a generalist animal that uses profitable resources when available but shifts their preference to other food resources when availability of other primary food resources increases.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45166971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sato, Haruna Matsuda, Honoka Fujita, Kouki Yasuda, Haruka Aiba, S. Minato
Abstract. Noninvasive methods for species identification and dietary profiling from fecal samples in an artificial nest box were developed for the Japanese dormouse Glirulus japonicus. The species is a natural monument in Japan protected by domestic regulations since 1975. We assessed the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for species identification and obtained location-specific sequences for Oki and Yamanashi, Japan. This marker was able to identify the dormouse species from feces. We also performed DNA metabarcoding analyses to clarify the invertebrate and plant diets of the Japanese dormouse. Various invertebrates and plants were detected, supporting the omnivorous nature of this species. Furthermore, almost all dietary items were identified to the genus level (82.1% and 99.5% for invertebrates and plants, respectively). The dietary components in Yamanashi Prefecture suggested that the Japanese dormouse mainly consumed Lepidoptera and various plants in summer, and Diptera and Hemiptera (aphids) invertebrates and Actinidia sp. plants in autumn. The latter plants produce fruit in autumn, enabling the dormouse to accumulate fat before hibernation. We discuss the potential and pitfalls of the noninvasive method, including the necessity of local DNA databases, reliability of the global DNA database, sampling procedure to avoid contamination, and individual identification.
{"title":"Noninvasive Genetic Methods for Species Identification and Dietary Profiling of the Japanese Dormouse Glirulus japonicus from Fecal Samples","authors":"J. Sato, Haruna Matsuda, Honoka Fujita, Kouki Yasuda, Haruka Aiba, S. Minato","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Noninvasive methods for species identification and dietary profiling from fecal samples in an artificial nest box were developed for the Japanese dormouse Glirulus japonicus. The species is a natural monument in Japan protected by domestic regulations since 1975. We assessed the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene for species identification and obtained location-specific sequences for Oki and Yamanashi, Japan. This marker was able to identify the dormouse species from feces. We also performed DNA metabarcoding analyses to clarify the invertebrate and plant diets of the Japanese dormouse. Various invertebrates and plants were detected, supporting the omnivorous nature of this species. Furthermore, almost all dietary items were identified to the genus level (82.1% and 99.5% for invertebrates and plants, respectively). The dietary components in Yamanashi Prefecture suggested that the Japanese dormouse mainly consumed Lepidoptera and various plants in summer, and Diptera and Hemiptera (aphids) invertebrates and Actinidia sp. plants in autumn. The latter plants produce fruit in autumn, enabling the dormouse to accumulate fat before hibernation. We discuss the potential and pitfalls of the noninvasive method, including the necessity of local DNA databases, reliability of the global DNA database, sampling procedure to avoid contamination, and individual identification.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44610811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tochigi, S. Steyaert, K. Fukasawa, Misako Kuroe, T. Anezaki, T. Naganuma, Chinatsu Kozakai, A. Inagaki, K. Yamazaki, S. Koike
Abstract. Currently, fundamental demographic data for wild Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan are lacking. As a first step toward science-based management, we must improve our understanding of life history characteristics such as reproduction and mortality. This study aimed to quantify the demographic parameters of Asian black bears in central Japan. (1) By measuring the cementum annuli width of the teeth of females, age at first reproduction was estimated to be 5.44 ± 0.22 (mean ± SE) years and reproductive interval 2.38 ± 0.48 years. (2) By counting placental scars in uteri sampled from recovered bear carcasses, we estimated litter size to be 1.58 ± 0.09 cubs and minimum age at primiparity to be two years. (3) We clarified the annual rates of natural mortality (0.108, 95% CI: 0.064–0.174) and human-caused mortality (0.005, 95% CI: 0.002–0.021) by using capture–recapture records for subadult and adult bears. We used observation data from the first six months after birth to estimate cub mortality rate (0.235, 95% CI: 0.080–0.465). Further research will allow us to identify which endogenous and exogenous factors affect demographic parameters and to use these parameters to estimate population dynamics as a next step.
{"title":"Demographic Parameters of Asian Black Bears in Central Japan","authors":"K. Tochigi, S. Steyaert, K. Fukasawa, Misako Kuroe, T. Anezaki, T. Naganuma, Chinatsu Kozakai, A. Inagaki, K. Yamazaki, S. Koike","doi":"10.3106/ms2022-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2022-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Currently, fundamental demographic data for wild Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan are lacking. As a first step toward science-based management, we must improve our understanding of life history characteristics such as reproduction and mortality. This study aimed to quantify the demographic parameters of Asian black bears in central Japan. (1) By measuring the cementum annuli width of the teeth of females, age at first reproduction was estimated to be 5.44 ± 0.22 (mean ± SE) years and reproductive interval 2.38 ± 0.48 years. (2) By counting placental scars in uteri sampled from recovered bear carcasses, we estimated litter size to be 1.58 ± 0.09 cubs and minimum age at primiparity to be two years. (3) We clarified the annual rates of natural mortality (0.108, 95% CI: 0.064–0.174) and human-caused mortality (0.005, 95% CI: 0.002–0.021) by using capture–recapture records for subadult and adult bears. We used observation data from the first six months after birth to estimate cub mortality rate (0.235, 95% CI: 0.080–0.465). Further research will allow us to identify which endogenous and exogenous factors affect demographic parameters and to use these parameters to estimate population dynamics as a next step.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43029607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chie Murano, J. Sato, T. Wada, S. Kasahara, N. Azuma
Abstract. The Japanese field vole Alexandromys (Microtus) montebelli is prevalent in apple orchards and is the dominant cause of damage to fruit trees during winter. A recent study revealed that the Japanese field vole bred and increased its population during winter in regions with deep snow. Understanding what food resources support the voles during winter can assist in formulating a better understanding of the factors of the annual variations in orchard damage. In this study, we sampled faeces of the voles from November 2018 to May 2021 and performed the DNA metabarcoding analysis for plant dietary profiling with a molecular marker on the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear genome. We obtained results from 60 samples, and the food sources detected most frequently were the broadleaf docks Rumex obtusifolius, followed by the cultivated apples Malus spp. The detection frequency of Fabaceae sp. declined after March, and the one of apple rootstocks increased instead. During March and April, the various parts of fruit trees and Rumex spp. were the main diets for most of the voles. The biomass supplied by herbaceous plants, especially Rumex spp. could affect the extent of vole damage to fruit trees in winter.
{"title":"Genetic Analyses of Japanese Field Vole Alexandromys (Microtus) Montebelli Winter Diet in Apple Orchards with Deep Snow Cover","authors":"Chie Murano, J. Sato, T. Wada, S. Kasahara, N. Azuma","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Japanese field vole Alexandromys (Microtus) montebelli is prevalent in apple orchards and is the dominant cause of damage to fruit trees during winter. A recent study revealed that the Japanese field vole bred and increased its population during winter in regions with deep snow. Understanding what food resources support the voles during winter can assist in formulating a better understanding of the factors of the annual variations in orchard damage. In this study, we sampled faeces of the voles from November 2018 to May 2021 and performed the DNA metabarcoding analysis for plant dietary profiling with a molecular marker on the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear genome. We obtained results from 60 samples, and the food sources detected most frequently were the broadleaf docks Rumex obtusifolius, followed by the cultivated apples Malus spp. The detection frequency of Fabaceae sp. declined after March, and the one of apple rootstocks increased instead. During March and April, the various parts of fruit trees and Rumex spp. were the main diets for most of the voles. The biomass supplied by herbaceous plants, especially Rumex spp. could affect the extent of vole damage to fruit trees in winter.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Understanding the behavior and ecology of non-native species is important to assess their impact on food webs and ecosystem functions and to facilitate the management of non-native species. The present study reports a case of scavenging on a deer carcass by mammals, especially introduced raccoon dogs and native Japanese weasels, in the World Heritage Site of Yakushima, Japan. A sensor camera was placed near the carcass from March to May 2022 to record scavenging behavior of mammals. Out of at least six species of mammals filmed, raccoon dogs and weasels fed on the carcass. Raccoon dogs almost monopolized the carcass, i.e., raccoon dogs were filmed around carrion more frequently and spent more time scavenging than weasels. Raccoon dogs and weasels were filmed around the carcass at similar times in a day, and no overt aggression was observed between the two species, but weasels were displaced by raccoon dogs. Japanese macaques and sika deer avoided and never fed on carrion. The present study suggests that raccoon dogs contribute to carrion decomposition in the World Heritage Site of Yakushima and that comprehensive studies of carrion availability and the scavenger community could help promote the management of introduced raccoon dogs in Yakushima.
{"title":"Scavenging on a Carcass of Sika Deer by Introduced Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Spring: A Case Report in the World Heritage Site of Yakushima Island, Japan","authors":"Yosuke Kurihara","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Understanding the behavior and ecology of non-native species is important to assess their impact on food webs and ecosystem functions and to facilitate the management of non-native species. The present study reports a case of scavenging on a deer carcass by mammals, especially introduced raccoon dogs and native Japanese weasels, in the World Heritage Site of Yakushima, Japan. A sensor camera was placed near the carcass from March to May 2022 to record scavenging behavior of mammals. Out of at least six species of mammals filmed, raccoon dogs and weasels fed on the carcass. Raccoon dogs almost monopolized the carcass, i.e., raccoon dogs were filmed around carrion more frequently and spent more time scavenging than weasels. Raccoon dogs and weasels were filmed around the carcass at similar times in a day, and no overt aggression was observed between the two species, but weasels were displaced by raccoon dogs. Japanese macaques and sika deer avoided and never fed on carrion. The present study suggests that raccoon dogs contribute to carrion decomposition in the World Heritage Site of Yakushima and that comprehensive studies of carrion availability and the scavenger community could help promote the management of introduced raccoon dogs in Yakushima.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44210833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Persistent use of the Mayurjharna forest by elephants led to its declaration as “Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve (ER)” in 2002; however, the usage changed over time. We describe the elephant movement pattern and the quality forage availability in the Mayurjharna ER. We collected past and current sightings of elephants from people and records of the Forest Department and constructed the range used from 1950 to 2018. Initially, the range of elephants in the reserve was ∼80 km2 in 1950–1959 that increased to ∼572 km2 by 1990–1999 but later decreased to ∼152 km2 in 2010–2018. The high human settlements, alteration, and overexploitation of the forest might lead the elephants to the rich agricultural lands outside the reserve, making the reserve just a gateway for elephants to move to other parts of the South Bengal landscape.
{"title":"Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve is Just a Gateway for Elephants: Changes in the Range Use Pattern by Asian Elephants Over Seven Decades","authors":"Aakriti Singh, H. N. Kumara, Santanu Mahato","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Persistent use of the Mayurjharna forest by elephants led to its declaration as “Mayurjharna Elephant Reserve (ER)” in 2002; however, the usage changed over time. We describe the elephant movement pattern and the quality forage availability in the Mayurjharna ER. We collected past and current sightings of elephants from people and records of the Forest Department and constructed the range used from 1950 to 2018. Initially, the range of elephants in the reserve was ∼80 km2 in 1950–1959 that increased to ∼572 km2 by 1990–1999 but later decreased to ∼152 km2 in 2010–2018. The high human settlements, alteration, and overexploitation of the forest might lead the elephants to the rich agricultural lands outside the reserve, making the reserve just a gateway for elephants to move to other parts of the South Bengal landscape.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48821935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. We examined the food habits of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) at an urban high school in Saitama, Japan. The study place is surrounded by residential areas but is adjacent to a pond. Fecal samples (n = 126) were collected from January to December 2022 and analyzed using the point frame method. Fecal composition was diverse in winter, including leaves, fruits, seeds, and artificial materials. In spring, the proportion of Japanese toads (Bufo japonicus formosus) and insects increased, whereas in summer, proportion of hackberry (Celtis sinensis) fruits, insects, and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) increased. In autumn, fruits of hackberry and muku tree (Aphananthe aspera) were predominant. Consumption of toads and swamp crayfish suggests that the raccoon dogs are opportunistic feeders. We recovered seeds from only ten species, including fruits from five wild plants; these numbers were lower than those reported previously in rural areas of the same district, where raspberries (Rubus spp.), mulberries (Morus spp.), and Eurya japonica have often been recovered at great proportions. A wide range of artificial materials were recovered but in low quantities. These results reflect the characteristics of the study area, which is an urbanized environment with limited trees and adjacent to a pond.
{"title":"Seasonal Changes in the Diet of Urban Raccoon Dogs in Saitama, Eastern Japan","authors":"S. Takatsuki, Kunio Kobayashi","doi":"10.3106/ms2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We examined the food habits of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) at an urban high school in Saitama, Japan. The study place is surrounded by residential areas but is adjacent to a pond. Fecal samples (n = 126) were collected from January to December 2022 and analyzed using the point frame method. Fecal composition was diverse in winter, including leaves, fruits, seeds, and artificial materials. In spring, the proportion of Japanese toads (Bufo japonicus formosus) and insects increased, whereas in summer, proportion of hackberry (Celtis sinensis) fruits, insects, and red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) increased. In autumn, fruits of hackberry and muku tree (Aphananthe aspera) were predominant. Consumption of toads and swamp crayfish suggests that the raccoon dogs are opportunistic feeders. We recovered seeds from only ten species, including fruits from five wild plants; these numbers were lower than those reported previously in rural areas of the same district, where raspberries (Rubus spp.), mulberries (Morus spp.), and Eurya japonica have often been recovered at great proportions. A wide range of artificial materials were recovered but in low quantities. These results reflect the characteristics of the study area, which is an urbanized environment with limited trees and adjacent to a pond.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":" 24","pages":"203 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Ikeda, D. Higashide, Takaaki Suzuki, M. Asano
Abstract. Wild boars can cause crop damage and are vectors causing infectious diseases. Thus, population management is essential to mitigate the damage. Because home range and habitat selection is important for the management of target species, accurate spatial data would provide valuable information to establish population management scheme. In this study, we investigated the home range and habitat selection of wild boars and aimed to help implement effective population management. We captured seven wild boars in central Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and monitored each individual from October 2020 to June 2022. We calculated the home range size and investigated environmental characteristics during daytime and nighttime. The home range sizes estimated from the minimum convex polygon method ranged from 0.32 to 28.51 km2. Moreover, wild boars avoided anthropogenic environments during the daytime and selectively used areas in the cropland category during the nighttime. Therefore, wild boars had narrow home ranges depending on the anthropogenic environments. Consequently, wildlife managers could reduce agricultural damage caused by wild boars by managing bamboo forests and abandoned cultivated lands in the rural landscape. For infectious diseases, moreover, they should implement countermeasures against wild boars around areas where infectious diseases are endemic.
{"title":"Home Range and Habitat Selection of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Rural Landscape","authors":"Takashi Ikeda, D. Higashide, Takaaki Suzuki, M. Asano","doi":"10.3106/ms2022-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wild boars can cause crop damage and are vectors causing infectious diseases. Thus, population management is essential to mitigate the damage. Because home range and habitat selection is important for the management of target species, accurate spatial data would provide valuable information to establish population management scheme. In this study, we investigated the home range and habitat selection of wild boars and aimed to help implement effective population management. We captured seven wild boars in central Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and monitored each individual from October 2020 to June 2022. We calculated the home range size and investigated environmental characteristics during daytime and nighttime. The home range sizes estimated from the minimum convex polygon method ranged from 0.32 to 28.51 km2. Moreover, wild boars avoided anthropogenic environments during the daytime and selectively used areas in the cropland category during the nighttime. Therefore, wild boars had narrow home ranges depending on the anthropogenic environments. Consequently, wildlife managers could reduce agricultural damage caused by wild boars by managing bamboo forests and abandoned cultivated lands in the rural landscape. For infectious diseases, moreover, they should implement countermeasures against wild boars around areas where infectious diseases are endemic.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"48 1","pages":"191 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46115588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Sociosexual behavior is not directly related to reproduction. It is observed between mature and immature individuals of both sexes and interactions can be between mixed- or same-sex individuals. This behavior may have important social functions. We observed and recorded the sociosexual behavior of wild Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), underwater off Mikura Island, Japan, with regards to erection and mounting. This behavior was observed mainly between mothers and sons and in groups of subadult males (age 1–13 years). In subadult males, mounting behavior toward one passive individual from two or more individuals playing an active role, occurred in most cases. This behavior involving three or more participants has rarely been observed in other animal species, except for bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), common bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus), and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Sociosexual behavior in the Mikura Island dolphins may not be agonistic because individuals in the passive role did not try to escape from the individuals playing the active role. Further studies on sociosexual behavior T. aduncus could reveal the social functions of this behavior, such as younger animals practicing mating behaviors required as adults and developing their relationships for when they are adults.
{"title":"Observations and Detailed Descriptions of Sociosexual Behavior in Wild Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)","authors":"Aoi Miyanishi, Mai Sakai, Kazunobu Kogi","doi":"10.3106/ms2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sociosexual behavior is not directly related to reproduction. It is observed between mature and immature individuals of both sexes and interactions can be between mixed- or same-sex individuals. This behavior may have important social functions. We observed and recorded the sociosexual behavior of wild Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), underwater off Mikura Island, Japan, with regards to erection and mounting. This behavior was observed mainly between mothers and sons and in groups of subadult males (age 1–13 years). In subadult males, mounting behavior toward one passive individual from two or more individuals playing an active role, occurred in most cases. This behavior involving three or more participants has rarely been observed in other animal species, except for bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), common bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus), and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Sociosexual behavior in the Mikura Island dolphins may not be agonistic because individuals in the passive role did not try to escape from the individuals playing the active role. Further studies on sociosexual behavior T. aduncus could reveal the social functions of this behavior, such as younger animals practicing mating behaviors required as adults and developing their relationships for when they are adults.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"48 1","pages":"159 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lim, So Hyeon Han, Ki Yoon Kim, Sungwon Hong, Y. Park
Abstract. In Jangsudae of Seoraksan National Park, South Korea, 14 mammal species have been listed, including ten medium- and large-sized species; additionally, this region is an important habitat for the endangered long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus). In this study, a camera trap survey was conducted over 103 monitoring days at 18 sites in Jangsudae to evaluate the minimum trapping effort (MTE) needed to detect the ten listed mammal species. The most photographed species were the long-tailed goral, wild boar (Sus scrofa), and Asian badger (Meles leucurus), accounting for 77.1% (n = 366) of the total independent photographs. Long-tailed goral, the most frequently captured mammal species (44.8%), was captured at 17 camera sites (relative abundance index = 206.8). According to the rarefaction analysis, 1840 camera days (102.2 monitoring days at 18 camera sites) were required to photograph all ten resident species. Moreover, at least 1010 and 664 camera days were required to detect 95% and 90% of the ten residential species, respectively. MTE was evaluated in summer when wild species were highly detectable owing to their high activity. Future studies should evaluate MTE through one-year long-term monitoring that includes all four seasons, and compare the results with those of this study.
{"title":"Relative Abundance of Mammals and Estimation of Minimum Trapping Effort Using Camera Traps in Jangsudae, Seoraksan National Park","authors":"S. Lim, So Hyeon Han, Ki Yoon Kim, Sungwon Hong, Y. Park","doi":"10.3106/ms2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In Jangsudae of Seoraksan National Park, South Korea, 14 mammal species have been listed, including ten medium- and large-sized species; additionally, this region is an important habitat for the endangered long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus). In this study, a camera trap survey was conducted over 103 monitoring days at 18 sites in Jangsudae to evaluate the minimum trapping effort (MTE) needed to detect the ten listed mammal species. The most photographed species were the long-tailed goral, wild boar (Sus scrofa), and Asian badger (Meles leucurus), accounting for 77.1% (n = 366) of the total independent photographs. Long-tailed goral, the most frequently captured mammal species (44.8%), was captured at 17 camera sites (relative abundance index = 206.8). According to the rarefaction analysis, 1840 camera days (102.2 monitoring days at 18 camera sites) were required to photograph all ten resident species. Moreover, at least 1010 and 664 camera days were required to detect 95% and 90% of the ten residential species, respectively. MTE was evaluated in summer when wild species were highly detectable owing to their high activity. Future studies should evaluate MTE through one-year long-term monitoring that includes all four seasons, and compare the results with those of this study.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"48 1","pages":"171 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45881146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：