首页 > 最新文献

Mammal Study最新文献

英文 中文
Can Video Traps Reliably Detect Animals? Implications for the Density Estimation of Animals without Individual Recognition 视频陷阱能可靠地检测动物吗?对未经个体识别的动物密度估计的启示
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-02 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0055
Gota Yajima, Yoshihiro Nakashima
Abstract. Several statistical models have recently been developed to estimate animal density using camera trappings without individual animal recognition. However, most models assume that detection by camera traps of animals passing a specific area of the camera view is perfect. A recently developed REST model (Nakashima et al. 2018; Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 735–744) also depends on the trapping rates and staying times within a specific area. We tested whether commercial camera traps provided unbiased estimates of these parameters by conducting an experimental trial using a domestic dog in a city park in Japan. Additionally, we tested the effects of camera angle on the estimation of these parameters using the Bushnell camera. The Bushnell camera captured the dog 96% of the time, while the Ltl-Acorn camera missed about half of his passes. The staying time was underestimated by 4% using the Bushnell and overestimated by 25% using the Ltl-Acorn camera. The bias in density estimation was < 10% using the Bushnell camera. Camera angle did not affect detection probability, while the downward-angled cameras underestimated staying time due to the delayed trigger. We hope to share the results with manufacturers to make camera traps more suitable for animal density estimation.
摘要最近已经开发了几种统计模型,在没有个体动物识别的情况下使用相机捕捉来估计动物密度。然而,大多数模型认为,通过相机捕捉器对经过相机视图特定区域的动物的检测是完美的。最近开发的REST模型(Nakashima等人,2018;《应用生态学杂志》55:735-744)也取决于特定区域内的捕获率和停留时间。我们在日本的一个城市公园里用一只家狗进行了一项实验试验,测试了商业相机陷阱是否能提供对这些参数的无偏估计。此外,我们使用Bushnell相机测试了相机角度对这些参数估计的影响。布什内尔的摄像机96%的时间都捕捉到了这只狗,而Acorn中尉的摄像机则错过了它大约一半的传球。使用Bushnell相机低估了4%的停留时间,使用Ltl Acorn相机高估了25%。使用Bushnell相机进行密度估计时的偏差小于10%。相机角度不影响检测概率,而向下角度的相机由于延迟触发而低估了停留时间。我们希望与制造商分享结果,使相机陷阱更适合动物密度估计。
{"title":"Can Video Traps Reliably Detect Animals? Implications for the Density Estimation of Animals without Individual Recognition","authors":"Gota Yajima, Yoshihiro Nakashima","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Several statistical models have recently been developed to estimate animal density using camera trappings without individual animal recognition. However, most models assume that detection by camera traps of animals passing a specific area of the camera view is perfect. A recently developed REST model (Nakashima et al. 2018; Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 735–744) also depends on the trapping rates and staying times within a specific area. We tested whether commercial camera traps provided unbiased estimates of these parameters by conducting an experimental trial using a domestic dog in a city park in Japan. Additionally, we tested the effects of camera angle on the estimation of these parameters using the Bushnell camera. The Bushnell camera captured the dog 96% of the time, while the Ltl-Acorn camera missed about half of his passes. The staying time was underestimated by 4% using the Bushnell and overestimated by 25% using the Ltl-Acorn camera. The bias in density estimation was < 10% using the Bushnell camera. Camera angle did not affect detection probability, while the downward-angled cameras underestimated staying time due to the delayed trigger. We hope to share the results with manufacturers to make camera traps more suitable for animal density estimation.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"189 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41760011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Preface 前言
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.3106/46-2-e
Y. Tsuji, H. Enari
{"title":"Preface","authors":"Y. Tsuji, H. Enari","doi":"10.3106/46-2-e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/46-2-e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"95 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41443090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Genetic Assessment on the Origin of Alien Macaques in the Boso Peninsula in Japan 日本博索半岛外来猕猴起源的遗传评价
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0078
Y. Kawamoto
Abstract. Japanese macaques and alien macaques have hybridized in the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In this study, the origin of the alien species was investigated by molecular assessments with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genes. Maternal origin was assessed by comparing mtDNA sequence records. The results suggested that the alien species in the southern part of peninsula originated from the rhesus macaques in eastern China. Y-chromosome assessments with three microsatellite (Y-STR) loci detected a unique haplotype that is distributed in Japanese macaque habitats. Its origin was assessed by the TSPY (testis-specific protein on Y-chromosome) gene, suggesting the possibility of the involvement of long-tailed macaques in the Indochina region or rhesus macaques different from known source. Further investigation of historical documents and interviews disclosed the existence of a facility of long-tailed macaques planned for vaccine production in the past. This study presented novel evidence that the hybridization of Japanese macaques in the Boso Peninsula has the possibility to associate not only with rhesus macaques, but also with long-tailed macaques from the Indochina region. It is important to further monitor the status of Japanese macaques and changes in their hybridization in the peninsula for future conservation purposes.
摘要日本猕猴和外来猕猴在日本千叶县博索半岛杂交。在本研究中,通过线粒体DNA(mtDNA)和Y染色体基因的分子评估来研究外来物种的起源。通过比较mtDNA序列记录来评估母体来源。结果表明,半岛南部的外来物种起源于中国东部的恒河猴。用三个微卫星(Y-STR)基因座进行的Y染色体评估检测到一种独特的单倍型,该单倍型分布在日本猕猴的栖息地。通过TSPY(Y染色体上的测试特异性蛋白)基因评估其来源,表明中印地区的长尾猕猴或与已知来源不同的恒河猴可能参与其中。对历史文件的进一步调查和采访揭示了过去计划生产疫苗的长尾猕猴设施的存在。这项研究提供了新的证据,表明博索半岛日本猕猴的杂交不仅有可能与恒河猴联系在一起,也有可能与中印地区的长尾猕猴联系在一起。为了未来的保护目的,进一步监测日本猕猴的状况及其在半岛上杂交的变化是很重要的。
{"title":"Genetic Assessment on the Origin of Alien Macaques in the Boso Peninsula in Japan","authors":"Y. Kawamoto","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Japanese macaques and alien macaques have hybridized in the Boso Peninsula, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. In this study, the origin of the alien species was investigated by molecular assessments with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genes. Maternal origin was assessed by comparing mtDNA sequence records. The results suggested that the alien species in the southern part of peninsula originated from the rhesus macaques in eastern China. Y-chromosome assessments with three microsatellite (Y-STR) loci detected a unique haplotype that is distributed in Japanese macaque habitats. Its origin was assessed by the TSPY (testis-specific protein on Y-chromosome) gene, suggesting the possibility of the involvement of long-tailed macaques in the Indochina region or rhesus macaques different from known source. Further investigation of historical documents and interviews disclosed the existence of a facility of long-tailed macaques planned for vaccine production in the past. This study presented novel evidence that the hybridization of Japanese macaques in the Boso Peninsula has the possibility to associate not only with rhesus macaques, but also with long-tailed macaques from the Indochina region. It is important to further monitor the status of Japanese macaques and changes in their hybridization in the peninsula for future conservation purposes.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"173 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46510352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Human Effects on Habitat Use of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata): Importance of Forest Edges 人类对日本猕猴栖息地利用的影响:森林边缘的重要性
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-16 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0076
Hiroshi Ebihara, S. Takatsuki
Abstract. Habitats of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) have been modified by human activities such as deforestation, conifer plantation, agriculturalization, and forest fragmentation. Such modifications likely affect habitat use of the macaques. We examined the habitat use of two macaque troops: a “forest troop” and a “cropland troop”. We focused on forest edges, which have not been previously categorized as a habitat type. Both troops frequently used deciduous broad-leaved forest in autumn and forest edges in summer. The forest troop frequently used forest-grassland edges, whereas the cropland troop frequently used forest-cropland edges. The selection index for the deciduous broad-leaved forest of the cropland troop exhibited significantly higher values than those of the forest troop in summer, autumn, and winter. Since the Japanese macaque is a forest-dweller and tends to avoid open areas, both troops may have used forests more frequently. Meanwhile, a decline in food resources in the forest due to the establishment of conifer plantations and an increase in food resources due to agriculturalization may have led to more frequent use of forest edges by the macaques. Forest edges should be treated as an independent habitat for accurate assessment of macaque habitat use.
摘要日本猕猴(Macaca fuscata)的栖息地已被人类活动所改变,如森林砍伐、针叶树种植、农业化和森林破碎化。这种改变可能会影响猕猴的栖息地使用。我们研究了两支猕猴部队的栖息地使用情况:一支“森林部队”和一支“农田部队”。我们关注的是森林边缘,以前没有将其归类为栖息地类型。两支部队在秋季经常使用落叶阔叶林,在夏季经常使用森林边缘。森林部队经常使用森林草原边缘,而农田部队经常使用林地边缘。夏、秋、冬三季,农田部队落叶阔叶林的选择指数均显著高于森林部队。由于日本猕猴是森林居民,并且倾向于避开开阔地带,因此两支部队可能都更频繁地使用森林。与此同时,由于针叶树种植园的建立,森林中的粮食资源减少,而农业化,粮食资源增加,这可能导致猕猴更频繁地使用森林边缘。森林边缘应被视为一个独立的栖息地,以便准确评估猕猴栖息地的使用情况。
{"title":"Human Effects on Habitat Use of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata): Importance of Forest Edges","authors":"Hiroshi Ebihara, S. Takatsuki","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Habitats of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) have been modified by human activities such as deforestation, conifer plantation, agriculturalization, and forest fragmentation. Such modifications likely affect habitat use of the macaques. We examined the habitat use of two macaque troops: a “forest troop” and a “cropland troop”. We focused on forest edges, which have not been previously categorized as a habitat type. Both troops frequently used deciduous broad-leaved forest in autumn and forest edges in summer. The forest troop frequently used forest-grassland edges, whereas the cropland troop frequently used forest-cropland edges. The selection index for the deciduous broad-leaved forest of the cropland troop exhibited significantly higher values than those of the forest troop in summer, autumn, and winter. Since the Japanese macaque is a forest-dweller and tends to avoid open areas, both troops may have used forests more frequently. Meanwhile, a decline in food resources in the forest due to the establishment of conifer plantations and an increase in food resources due to agriculturalization may have led to more frequent use of forest edges by the macaques. Forest edges should be treated as an independent habitat for accurate assessment of macaque habitat use.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"131 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Studies on Primate Crop Feeding in Asian Regions: A Review 亚洲地区灵长类动物作物摄食研究进展
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0062
Y. Tsuji, Kurnia Ilham
Abstract. We reviewed previous literature on primate crop feeding in Asia. We found 134 reports from 14 different countries and regions. More than half of the crop feeding cases involved macaques, followed by colobines, especially common langurs, and to a lesser extent by orangutans. No crop feeding by gibbons, lorises, or tarsiers has been reported. Most reports obtained information about crop feeding through interviews with locals and recorded the crops damaged and troop composition, while a few recorded the activity of the target primates and their population parameters. Crop feeding increased when the field was located near the forest, and when natural food availability decreased. Most farmers used non-lethal countermeasures, while some farmers killed the monkeys, and a few used electrical fences to protect crops. In study sites inhabited by multiple animal species, primates are often the worst crop feeders. Human perception and attitudes toward crop feeding primates were affected by income, residential area, religion, and history of crop feeding. Recent studies have created models based on previous data to clarify the potential risk of crop feeding and to predict the monkeys' ranging patterns. To create models for reducing crop damage and to design conservation strategies, collecting fundamental information is necessary.
摘要我们回顾了亚洲灵长类动物摄食作物的文献。我们发现了来自14个不同国家和地区的134份报告。超过一半的作物喂养案例涉及猕猴,其次是科洛比猴,尤其是普通叶猴,猩猩的比例较小。没有长臂猿、懒猴或眼镜猴以作物为食的报道。大多数报告通过对当地人的采访获得作物摄食信息,并记录了作物受损情况和种群组成,而少数报告记录了目标灵长类动物的活动及其种群参数。当农田靠近森林时,当天然食物供应减少时,作物摄食增加。大多数农民使用非致命的对策,而一些农民杀死猴子,少数农民使用电栅栏保护庄稼。在有多种动物居住的研究地点,灵长类动物通常是最糟糕的作物喂食者。人类对作物摄食灵长类动物的认知和态度受收入、居住区域、宗教信仰和作物摄食史的影响。最近的研究基于先前的数据创建了模型,以澄清农作物喂养的潜在风险,并预测猴子的分布模式。为了建立减少作物损害的模型和设计保护策略,收集基本信息是必要的。
{"title":"Studies on Primate Crop Feeding in Asian Regions: A Review","authors":"Y. Tsuji, Kurnia Ilham","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We reviewed previous literature on primate crop feeding in Asia. We found 134 reports from 14 different countries and regions. More than half of the crop feeding cases involved macaques, followed by colobines, especially common langurs, and to a lesser extent by orangutans. No crop feeding by gibbons, lorises, or tarsiers has been reported. Most reports obtained information about crop feeding through interviews with locals and recorded the crops damaged and troop composition, while a few recorded the activity of the target primates and their population parameters. Crop feeding increased when the field was located near the forest, and when natural food availability decreased. Most farmers used non-lethal countermeasures, while some farmers killed the monkeys, and a few used electrical fences to protect crops. In study sites inhabited by multiple animal species, primates are often the worst crop feeders. Human perception and attitudes toward crop feeding primates were affected by income, residential area, religion, and history of crop feeding. Recent studies have created models based on previous data to clarify the potential risk of crop feeding and to predict the monkeys' ranging patterns. To create models for reducing crop damage and to design conservation strategies, collecting fundamental information is necessary.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"97 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46874737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Human–Macaque Conflicts in Shrinking Communities: Recent Achievements and Challenges in Problem Solving in Modern Japan 缩小社区中的人与猕猴冲突:近代日本解决问题的最新成就和挑战
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.3106/ms2019-0056
H. Enari
Abstract. The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the people, forests, and macaques, as well as the unprecedented social changes in modern Japan (i.e., nationwide depopulation). The aim of this review was to illustrate the bigger picture of these conflicts, by untangling the key root causes, and presenting the outcomes of previous macaque management efforts, which have rarely been presented to the global scientific community. Although recently acquired knowledge regarding macaque management has the potential to support the development of future solutions for the human-macaque conflicts, inadequate responses to the key causes of the physical and psychological hollowing-out of communities across Japan, should be understood as a limiting factor for conflict resolution. This review demonstrates the significance of seeking a resolution for this problem under a wider framework, in order to restructure community designs to be appropriate for the new era of shrinking communities.
摘要日本猕猴(Macaca fuscata)的种群在20世纪初之前一直很脆弱,但最近已经恢复。然而,这一恢复过程很少被誉为保护成功,因为它引发了人与猕猴之间的严重冲突。加剧冲突的主要原因是人类、森林和猕猴之间相互关系的剧烈变化,以及现代日本前所未有的社会变化(即全国人口减少)。这篇综述的目的是通过解开关键的根本原因,并介绍以前猕猴管理工作的成果,来说明这些冲突的全貌,而这些成果很少向全球科学界展示。尽管最近获得的关于猕猴管理的知识有可能支持人类与猕猴冲突的未来解决方案的制定,但应对日本各地社区身心空洞化的关键原因不力,应被视为解决冲突的限制因素。这篇综述表明了在更广泛的框架下寻求解决这一问题的重要性,以便重组社区设计,使其适合社区萎缩的新时代。
{"title":"Human–Macaque Conflicts in Shrinking Communities: Recent Achievements and Challenges in Problem Solving in Modern Japan","authors":"H. Enari","doi":"10.3106/ms2019-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2019-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The populations of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), which were vulnerable until the early 20th century, have recently recovered. However, this recovery process has rarely been hailed as a conservation success, because it has triggered serious conflicts between people and the macaques. The key exacerbating causes of the conflicts have been the drastic changes in the interrelations between the people, forests, and macaques, as well as the unprecedented social changes in modern Japan (i.e., nationwide depopulation). The aim of this review was to illustrate the bigger picture of these conflicts, by untangling the key root causes, and presenting the outcomes of previous macaque management efforts, which have rarely been presented to the global scientific community. Although recently acquired knowledge regarding macaque management has the potential to support the development of future solutions for the human-macaque conflicts, inadequate responses to the key causes of the physical and psychological hollowing-out of communities across Japan, should be understood as a limiting factor for conflict resolution. This review demonstrates the significance of seeking a resolution for this problem under a wider framework, in order to restructure community designs to be appropriate for the new era of shrinking communities.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"115 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41962073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Predicting the Effect of Countermeasures for Crop-Raiding Japanese Macaques Using the Conditions of Human Settlements 利用人类住区条件预测日本猕猴袭击农作物对策效果
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0031
Shota Mochizuki
Abstract. For macaque management, it is recommended that residents use countermeasures, such as psychological attacks using fireworks and other to drive macaques away from farmland. However, these require settlement-wide cooperation and continuous implementation. I surveyed residents within settlements and aimed to clarify the conditions under which countermeasures were successful. I hypothesized that the effectiveness of countermeasures can be explained by the situation within the macaque-damaged settlements. A questionnaire survey such as the situation of the settlement, crop damage, and the state of macaque management was conducted in 2017 in each settlement of six municipalities in Niigata Prefecture. A gradient boosting model was used to predict the effects of psychological attacks and electric fences on multiple conditions. Of the 219 survey results, 193 settlements were affected by Japanese macaques. Several variables including the number of cooperative entities within the municipality, the number of settlement maintenance activities, and the degree of damage contributed to the effect of psychological attacks. Only the number of cooperative entities within the municipality contributed to the effect of the electric fence. The feasibility of implementing each of these countermeasures for macaque control could be predicted by assessing the situation in each settlement.
摘要对于猕猴的管理,建议居民采取对策,例如使用烟花等进行心理攻击,将猕猴赶出农田。然而,这些需要整个定居点的合作和持续执行。我调查了定居点内的居民,旨在澄清对策成功的条件。我假设对策的有效性可以通过猕猴受损定居点内的情况来解释。2017年,在新泻县六个市镇的每个定居点进行了一项问卷调查,如定居点的情况、作物损失和猕猴管理状况。使用梯度增强模型来预测心理攻击和电围栏对多种条件的影响。在219个调查结果中,193个定居点受到日本猕猴的影响。一些变量,包括市镇内合作实体的数量、定居点维护活动的数量和破坏程度,都是造成心理攻击影响的原因。只有市镇内的合作实体数量对电围栏的影响有贡献。通过评估每个定居点的情况,可以预测实施每一项猕猴控制对策的可行性。
{"title":"Predicting the Effect of Countermeasures for Crop-Raiding Japanese Macaques Using the Conditions of Human Settlements","authors":"Shota Mochizuki","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. For macaque management, it is recommended that residents use countermeasures, such as psychological attacks using fireworks and other to drive macaques away from farmland. However, these require settlement-wide cooperation and continuous implementation. I surveyed residents within settlements and aimed to clarify the conditions under which countermeasures were successful. I hypothesized that the effectiveness of countermeasures can be explained by the situation within the macaque-damaged settlements. A questionnaire survey such as the situation of the settlement, crop damage, and the state of macaque management was conducted in 2017 in each settlement of six municipalities in Niigata Prefecture. A gradient boosting model was used to predict the effects of psychological attacks and electric fences on multiple conditions. Of the 219 survey results, 193 settlements were affected by Japanese macaques. Several variables including the number of cooperative entities within the municipality, the number of settlement maintenance activities, and the degree of damage contributed to the effect of psychological attacks. Only the number of cooperative entities within the municipality contributed to the effect of the electric fence. The feasibility of implementing each of these countermeasures for macaque control could be predicted by assessing the situation in each settlement.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"161 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43102150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reasons for the Dissatisfaction of Residents with the Recent Reduction in the Amount of Crop Damage by Japanese Macaques—a Case Study in a Typical Depopulating Prefecture in Northern Japan 近期日本猕猴对农作物的破坏有所减少,居民不满的原因——以日本北部一个典型人口减少县为例
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0060
Haruka S. Enari, H. Enari
Abstract. A decrease in the amount of crop damage by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) is often defined as the primary official goal for conflict resolution. Recent government-led countermeasures have resulted in a decline in the amount of such damage, at least per the government statistics; however, residents rarely recognize this decline as a success of conflict management. We hypothesized that this unexpected perception of residents is because crop damage has changed not only quantitatively but also qualitatively, thereby affecting their perceptions of damage. We verified this hypothesis in terms of temporal variations influencing the psychological pressure on residents—that is, the geographical locations where severe crop damage occurred and the characteristics of macaque troops including their attitude toward residents—determined using multivariable analyses with questionnaire surveys and geographical information in Yamagata Prefecture, northern Japan. The results showed that the areas with severe crop damage had expanded to urban agriculture land, with a higher density of human population, and that the troop characteristics had changed substantially to facilitate this expansion. These findings support our hypothesis and indicate that the current attention of decision-makers is being, often and intensively, directed toward only the apparent total amount of damage.
摘要减少日本猕猴(Macaca fuscata)对农作物的破坏通常被定义为解决冲突的主要官方目标。最近政府主导的对策导致了这种损失的减少,至少从政府的统计数据来看是这样。然而,居民很少认为这种下降是冲突管理的成功。我们假设居民的这种意想不到的看法是因为作物损害不仅在数量上而且在质量上都发生了变化,从而影响了他们对损害的看法。我们从影响居民心理压力的时间变化方面验证了这一假设,即,农作物严重受损的地理位置和猕猴部队的特征,包括他们对居民的态度,这些特征是通过问卷调查和日本北部山形县的地理信息进行多变量分析确定的。结果表明,农作物严重受损地区向城市农业用地扩展,人口密度增加,种群特征发生了较大变化,有利于这种扩展。这些发现支持了我们的假设,并表明决策者目前的注意力往往集中在明显的总损失上。
{"title":"Reasons for the Dissatisfaction of Residents with the Recent Reduction in the Amount of Crop Damage by Japanese Macaques—a Case Study in a Typical Depopulating Prefecture in Northern Japan","authors":"Haruka S. Enari, H. Enari","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A decrease in the amount of crop damage by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) is often defined as the primary official goal for conflict resolution. Recent government-led countermeasures have resulted in a decline in the amount of such damage, at least per the government statistics; however, residents rarely recognize this decline as a success of conflict management. We hypothesized that this unexpected perception of residents is because crop damage has changed not only quantitatively but also qualitatively, thereby affecting their perceptions of damage. We verified this hypothesis in terms of temporal variations influencing the psychological pressure on residents—that is, the geographical locations where severe crop damage occurred and the characteristics of macaque troops including their attitude toward residents—determined using multivariable analyses with questionnaire surveys and geographical information in Yamagata Prefecture, northern Japan. The results showed that the areas with severe crop damage had expanded to urban agriculture land, with a higher density of human population, and that the troop characteristics had changed substantially to facilitate this expansion. These findings support our hypothesis and indicate that the current attention of decision-makers is being, often and intensively, directed toward only the apparent total amount of damage.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"153 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41705227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Effects of Vegetation Structure on the Habitat Utilization of Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a Coniferous Plantation Area 松柏人工林植被结构对散养猕猴生境利用的影响
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0069
Akira Chijiiwa, A. Nishimura
Abstract. We studied home range use of crop-raiding Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, to address the effects of vegetation structure, specifically forest edge, on their habitat utilization. We compared the home range use of a troop inhabiting a rural area surrounded by a coniferous plantation with that of a troop inhabiting deciduous/coniferous forest mixed area. We then conducted a vegetation survey to evaluate the forest structure and food availability within their home ranges. Both troops frequently used the coniferous plantations and preferred them. The rural troop also preferred deciduous forest. Both troops preferred bamboo forest and avoided other vegetation types. The vegetation survey found that food availability in deciduous forest was the greatest. Both troops frequently used the forest edges, likely due to higher food availability as well as its role as a refuge. We found higher similarity in composition of food plant species between coniferous plantation and the deciduous forest, which implied that the former can be converted to the latter through thinning. We suggest an idea on the habitat management through thinning of the coniferous plantation to improve the present situation of the human-macaque conflict.
摘要本研究以日本中部滋贺县为研究对象,探讨植被结构(特别是森林边缘)对其栖息地利用的影响。我们比较了居住在针叶林周围的农村地区的部队与居住在落叶/针叶林混交区的部队的家庭范围利用。然后,我们进行了植被调查,以评估其活动范围内的森林结构和食物供应。两支军队都经常使用针叶树种植园,并且更喜欢它们。农村部队也喜欢落叶林。两支部队都喜欢竹林,避开其他植被类型。植被调查发现,落叶森林的食物可利用性最大。两支部队都经常使用森林边缘,可能是因为那里有更高的食物供应,以及它作为避难所的作用。针叶林与落叶林的食物植物种类组成具有较高的相似性,表明针叶林可以通过间伐向落叶林转变。提出了通过针叶林间伐来改善人类与猕猴冲突现状的生境管理思路。
{"title":"Effects of Vegetation Structure on the Habitat Utilization of Free-Ranging Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a Coniferous Plantation Area","authors":"Akira Chijiiwa, A. Nishimura","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0069","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We studied home range use of crop-raiding Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, to address the effects of vegetation structure, specifically forest edge, on their habitat utilization. We compared the home range use of a troop inhabiting a rural area surrounded by a coniferous plantation with that of a troop inhabiting deciduous/coniferous forest mixed area. We then conducted a vegetation survey to evaluate the forest structure and food availability within their home ranges. Both troops frequently used the coniferous plantations and preferred them. The rural troop also preferred deciduous forest. Both troops preferred bamboo forest and avoided other vegetation types. The vegetation survey found that food availability in deciduous forest was the greatest. Both troops frequently used the forest edges, likely due to higher food availability as well as its role as a refuge. We found higher similarity in composition of food plant species between coniferous plantation and the deciduous forest, which implied that the former can be converted to the latter through thinning. We suggest an idea on the habitat management through thinning of the coniferous plantation to improve the present situation of the human-macaque conflict.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"143 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46935261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan 日本东北部暴雪区三种同域中型食肉动物冬春季昼夜活动模式
IF 1 4区 生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0039
Ryoga Watabe, Masayuki U. Saito
Abstract. In a heavy snowfall area in northeastern Japan, we clarified the diel activity patterns of and seasonal differences in three sympatric carnivores (red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens) during winter and spring, and the interspecific differences among the activity patterns in each season. The activity time of the target species was obtained by camera-trap surveys at seven sites around the Experimental Forest of Yamagata University from January to June 2019. The diel activity patterns of each species, and seasonal and interspecific differences in the activity patterns were evaluated using the kernel density method. Red foxes showed a unimodal nocturnal pattern in spring, whereas they were also observed during the daytime in winter. Raccoon dogs showed a unimodal nocturnal pattern, and peak activity after sunset in both seasons. Japanese martens were clearly nocturnal during both seasons. Because there were a few interspecific differences in diel activity patterns among three species, species interactions had little effect on diel activity patterns. Our findings indicate that the diel activity of medium-sized carnivores responding to winter conditions may vary depending on species.
摘要在日本东北部某暴雪区,研究了3种同域食肉动物(赤狐、貉和日本貂)冬、春季的饮食活动模式和季节差异,以及各季节活动模式的种间差异。2019年1月至6月,在山形大学实验森林周围的7个地点通过相机陷阱调查获得了目标物种的活动时间。采用核密度法分析了各树种的昼夜活动模式,以及季节差异和种间差异。赤狐在春季表现为单峰夜间活动,而在冬季也表现为白天活动。貉在两个季节均表现出单峰性夜间活动模式,活动高峰均在日落后。日本貂显然在两个季节都是夜间活动的。由于3个种间土壤活动模式差异不大,种间相互作用对土壤活动模式影响不大。我们的研究结果表明,中型食肉动物对冬季条件的反应可能因物种而异。
{"title":"Diel Activity Patterns of Three Sympatric Medium-Sized Carnivores during Winter and Spring in a Heavy Snowfall Area in Northeastern Japan","authors":"Ryoga Watabe, Masayuki U. Saito","doi":"10.3106/ms2020-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3106/ms2020-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In a heavy snowfall area in northeastern Japan, we clarified the diel activity patterns of and seasonal differences in three sympatric carnivores (red foxes, raccoon dogs, and Japanese martens) during winter and spring, and the interspecific differences among the activity patterns in each season. The activity time of the target species was obtained by camera-trap surveys at seven sites around the Experimental Forest of Yamagata University from January to June 2019. The diel activity patterns of each species, and seasonal and interspecific differences in the activity patterns were evaluated using the kernel density method. Red foxes showed a unimodal nocturnal pattern in spring, whereas they were also observed during the daytime in winter. Raccoon dogs showed a unimodal nocturnal pattern, and peak activity after sunset in both seasons. Japanese martens were clearly nocturnal during both seasons. Because there were a few interspecific differences in diel activity patterns among three species, species interactions had little effect on diel activity patterns. Our findings indicate that the diel activity of medium-sized carnivores responding to winter conditions may vary depending on species.","PeriodicalId":49891,"journal":{"name":"Mammal Study","volume":"46 1","pages":"69 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42885242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
期刊
Mammal Study
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1