Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献_第10页

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Application of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines for Treatment Prescription in Dogs With Acute Kidney Injury and Outcome Prediction 持续肾脏替代疗法：应用肾脏疾病改善急性肾损伤犬治疗处方的全球结局指南和结局预测

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70183

Hilli Raskansky, Yaron Bruchim, Ran Nivy

Background

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is routinely used in human patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) but studies in dogs are scarce.

Objective

To describe CRRT in dogs and assess the utility of a previously validated scoring system for dogs with AKI undergoing hemodialysis, and the Acute Patient Physiological and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE_Full/APPLE_Fast) scores, for outcome prediction.

Animals

Thirty, client-owned dogs.

Methods

Cases were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic scores were calculated upon admission and before CRRT initiation. The CRRT effluent dose followed the KDIGO guidelines. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCC) were constructed to evaluate the prognostic utility of these scores.

Results

Median (IQR) serum creatinine (mg/dL) at CRRT initiation, at discharge, and 3 months after discharge were 9.4 (7.4), 3.4 (1), and 1.3 (0.3) respectively. Median (IQR) treatment duration and total number of treatments were 24 (18.5) h and 2 (2) treatments, respectively. The prescribed median (IQR) CRRT effluent dose was 29 (18.5) mL/kg/h. Median (IQR) overall time-average concentration for urea and creatinine were 92 (60) mg/dL and 3.7 (1.7) mg/dL, respectively. The normalized weekly median (IQR) standardized Kt/V was 2.41 (2.29). Eleven dogs (3%) survived to discharge/3-months after treatment. Areas under the ROCC for the APPLE_Full/APPLE_Fast scores before CRRT initiation were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–1.00) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81–1.00), respectively. Optimal cutoff points were < 35 for the APPLE_Full and < 23 for the APPLE_Fast, yielding sensitivities/specificities of 100% (95% CI, 74.12%–100.0%)/94.7% (95% CI, 75.36%–99.73%) and 90.9% (95% CI, 62.26%–99.53%)/78.95% (95% CI, 56.67%–91.49%), respectively.

Conclusion

The APPLE scores, unlike clinicopathological findings or the Segev score, proved to be a highly discriminatory prognostic tool. Additionally, the human-derived, KDIGO guideline-based CRRT protocol proved safe and efficacious in dogs undergoing CRRT.

背景：持续肾替代疗法（CRRT）是人类急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的常规治疗方法，但对狗的研究很少。目的描述狗的CRRT，并评估先前验证的评分系统对接受血液透析的AKI狗的效用，以及急性患者生理和实验室评估（APPLEFull/APPLEFast）评分，以预测结果。30只，客户养的狗。方法对病例进行回顾性分析。在入院时和CRRT开始前计算预后评分。CRRT出水剂量符合KDIGO指南。构建受试者工作特征曲线（ROCC）来评估这些评分的预后效用。结果CRRT开始时、出院时和出院后3个月时血清肌酐（mg/dL）中位数（IQR）分别为9.4（7.4）、3.4(1)和1.3（0.3）。中位（IQR）治疗时间为24 (18.5)h，总治疗次数为2(2)次。规定的CRRT出水中位（IQR）剂量为29 (18.5)mL/kg/h。尿素和肌酐的中位（IQR）总时间平均浓度分别为92 (60)mg/dL和3.7 (1.7)mg/dL。标准化周中位数（IQR）标准化Kt/V为2.41（2.29）。11只（3%）存活至出院/治疗后3个月。CRRT开始前APPLEFull/APPLEFast评分的ROCC下面积分别为0.99 （95% CI, 0.99 - 1.00）和0.91 （95% CI, 0.81-1.00）。APPLEFull和APPLEFast的最佳截止点分别为<； 35和<； 23，敏感性/特异性分别为100% (95% CI, 74.12%-100.0%)/94.7% （95% CI, 75.36%-99.73%）和90.9% (95% CI, 62.26%-99.53%)/78.95% （95% CI, 56.67%-91.49%）。结论与临床病理结果或Segev评分不同，APPLE评分被证明是一种高度歧视性的预后工具。此外，基于KDIGO指南的人源性CRRT方案在接受CRRT的犬中被证明是安全有效的。

{"title":"Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Application of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines for Treatment Prescription in Dogs With Acute Kidney Injury and Outcome Prediction","authors":"Hilli Raskansky, Yaron Bruchim, Ran Nivy","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is routinely used in human patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) but studies in dogs are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe CRRT in dogs and assess the utility of a previously validated scoring system for dogs with AKI undergoing hemodialysis, and the Acute Patient Physiological and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE<sub>Full</sub>/APPLE<sub>Fast</sub>) scores, for outcome prediction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty, client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cases were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic scores were calculated upon admission and before CRRT initiation. The CRRT effluent dose followed the KDIGO guidelines. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCC) were constructed to evaluate the prognostic utility of these scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median (IQR) serum creatinine (mg/dL) at CRRT initiation, at discharge, and 3 months after discharge were 9.4 (7.4), 3.4 (1), and 1.3 (0.3) respectively. Median (IQR) treatment duration and total number of treatments were 24 (18.5) h and 2 (2) treatments, respectively. The prescribed median (IQR) CRRT effluent dose was 29 (18.5) mL/kg/h. Median (IQR) overall time-average concentration for urea and creatinine were 92 (60) mg/dL and 3.7 (1.7) mg/dL, respectively. The normalized weekly median (IQR) standardized Kt/V was 2.41 (2.29). Eleven dogs (3%) survived to discharge/3-months after treatment. Areas under the ROCC for the APPLE<sub>Full</sub>/APPLE<sub>Fast</sub> scores before CRRT initiation were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99–1.00) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81–1.00), respectively. Optimal cutoff points were < 35 for the APPLE<sub>Full</sub> and < 23 for the APPLE<sub>Fast</sub>, yielding sensitivities/specificities of 100% (95% CI, 74.12%–100.0%)/94.7% (95% CI, 75.36%–99.73%) and 90.9% (95% CI, 62.26%–99.53%)/78.95% (95% CI, 56.67%–91.49%), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The APPLE scores, unlike clinicopathological findings or the Segev score, proved to be a highly discriminatory prognostic tool. Additionally, the human-derived, KDIGO guideline-based CRRT protocol proved safe and efficacious in dogs undergoing CRRT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Myocardial and Renal Renin–Angiotensin System Enzyme Activity in Dogs 狗的心肌和肾脏肾素-血管紧张素系统酶活性

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70181

Emma C. Weitzhandler, Marisa K. Ames, Machelle D. Wilson, Oliver Domenig

Background

Methods to quantify the activity of the tissue renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are needed.

Objective

To estimate myocardial and renal RAS enzyme activity in postmortem tissues.

Animals

Convenience sample of 15 purpose-bred laboratory dogs with experimental heartworm infection (Group 1) euthanized as part of an unrelated study and 22 client-owned dogs which died or were euthanized for any reason (Group 2).

Methods

Prospective study where myocardial and renal tissue samples were frozen within 20 min of euthanasia (Group 1) or during routine necropsy exam (Group 2). Homogenized tissues were incubated with spiked angiotensin I or II (AngII) under control and inhibitor conditions to assess relative enzyme contributions to AngII or angiotensin 1–7 formation. Freezing was delayed (2- or 7-h in Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in paired samples, to evaluate the effect of time to freezing on RAS enzyme activity.

Results

Samples were harvested within 20 min of euthanasia (Group 1) or a median of 21.9 h after death or euthanasia (Group 2). RAS enzymes were active in all samples. The median contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to AngII formation was greater than 88% in all tissues. The 90% confidence limits of the geometric mean of the ratio of the angiotensin production of paired samples in 10/14 (Group 1) and 16/19 (Group 2) experiments met equivalence requirements (lower bound > 0.8 and upper bound < 1.2).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Renin–angiotensin system enzymes are present and active in canine myocardial and renal tissues for greater than 24 h postmortem.

研究背景需要定量组织肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）活性的方法。目的测定死后心肌和肾脏RAS酶活性。动物便利样本：作为一项不相关研究的一部分，15只患有实验性心丝虫感染的实验犬（第一组）被安乐死；22只客户拥有的狗因任何原因死亡或被安乐死（第二组）。方法前瞻性研究：在安乐死后20分钟内（第一组）或常规尸检时（第二组）冷冻心肌和肾组织标本。匀浆后的组织在对照和抑制剂条件下与尖刺血管紧张素I或II （AngII）孵卵，以评估相对酶对AngII或血管紧张素1-7形成的贡献。配对样品的冷冻延迟（第1组和第2组分别为2或7小时），以评估冷冻时间对RAS酶活性的影响。结果在安乐死后20分钟（第一组）或死亡或安乐死后21.9小时（第二组）采集样本。RAS酶在所有样品中均有活性。在所有组织中，血管紧张素转换酶对AngII形成的中位数贡献大于88%。10/14（第1组）和16/19（第2组）实验中成对样品血管紧张素生成率几何平均值的90%置信限满足等效要求（下界>； 0.8，上界<； 1.2）。结论和临床意义肾素-血管紧张素系统酶在犬死后24小时以上的心肌和肾脏组织中存在并具有活性。

{"title":"Myocardial and Renal Renin–Angiotensin System Enzyme Activity in Dogs","authors":"Emma C. Weitzhandler, Marisa K. Ames, Machelle D. Wilson, Oliver Domenig","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methods to quantify the activity of the tissue renin–angiotensin system (RAS) are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate myocardial and renal RAS enzyme activity in postmortem tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Convenience sample of 15 purpose-bred laboratory dogs with experimental heartworm infection (Group 1) euthanized as part of an unrelated study and 22 client-owned dogs which died or were euthanized for any reason (Group 2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective study where myocardial and renal tissue samples were frozen within 20 min of euthanasia (Group 1) or during routine necropsy exam (Group 2). Homogenized tissues were incubated with spiked angiotensin I or II (AngII) under control and inhibitor conditions to assess relative enzyme contributions to AngII or angiotensin 1–7 formation. Freezing was delayed (2- or 7-h in Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in paired samples, to evaluate the effect of time to freezing on RAS enzyme activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were harvested within 20 min of euthanasia (Group 1) or a median of 21.9 h after death or euthanasia (Group 2). RAS enzymes were active in all samples. The median contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme to AngII formation was greater than 88% in all tissues. The 90% confidence limits of the geometric mean of the ratio of the angiotensin production of paired samples in 10/14 (Group 1) and 16/19 (Group 2) experiments met equivalence requirements (lower bound > 0.8 and upper bound < 1.2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Renin–angiotensin system enzymes are present and active in canine myocardial and renal tissues for greater than 24 h postmortem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Subjective Assessment of Right Heart Size and Function Using Standard 2D-Echocardiographic Recordings in Horses With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension 用标准二维超声心动图记录评价有和无肺动脉高压马右心大小和功能的主观评价

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70145

Julia N. van Spijk, Hannah K. Junge, Christina Eberhardt, Natalie Wolf, Debora Vogt, Paula Zscherpe, Elena Herger, Manon Straub, Colin C. Schwarzwald

Background

Echocardiographic evaluation of right heart (RH) size and function in horses is challenging and relies on subjective assessment.

Objectives

Evaluate inter- and intra-rater agreement of subjective assessment of RH size, RH function, and the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in horses. Assess subjective RH changes with and without PHT and the influence of observer experience.

Animals

Healthy horses (n = 30) and horses with Doppler measurements suggesting the presence or absence of PHT (n = 30 each).

Methods

Nine standard echocardiographic recordings were analyzed by experienced (n = 4) and inexperienced (n = 5) observers. RH size, RH function, pulmonary artery (PA) size and distensibility, and the presence of PHT were subjectively assessed as normal, mildly, moderately, or severely changed. Inter- and intra-rater agreement was calculated using percentual agreement (% agree) and kappa (k). Sensitivity and specificity to detect PHT were calculated.

Results

Overall inter-rater agreement in all observers was low with 61% perfect agreement and k of 0.21; it was higher in experienced observers (k = 0.34, 77% agree) than in beginners (k = 0.18, 52% agree). Intra-rater agreement showed % agree > 80% in experienced observers (k = 0.35–0.76) and < 80% in beginners (k = 0.33–0.54). RH size and function were more commonly abnormal in the PHT group, with high specificity but low sensitivity to detect PHT.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Rater agreement of subjective RH assessment was low and influenced by observer experience. Subjective absence of RH changes does not allow ruling out PHT, while the presence of characteristic RH changes suggests PHT.

背景超声心动图评价马的右心（RH）大小和功能是具有挑战性的，并且依赖于主观评估。目的评价马的RH大小、RH功能和肺动脉高压（PHT）存在的主观评估之间和内部的一致性。评估有和没有PHT的主观RH变化以及观察者经验的影响。健康马（n = 30）和多普勒测量显示存在或不存在PHT的马（各n = 30）。方法对9份标准超声心动图进行分析，分别由经验丰富的观察者（n = 4）和经验不足的观察者（n = 5）进行分析。RH大小、RH功能、肺动脉（PA）大小和扩张性以及PHT的存在被主观评估为正常、轻度、中度或严重改变。使用百分比协议（%同意）和kappa (k)来计算内部和内部的协议。计算检测PHT的敏感性和特异性。结果所有观察者的整体评价一致性较低，完全一致性为61%，k为0.21；经验丰富的观察者（k = 0.34, 77%同意）比初学者（k = 0.18, 52%同意）更高。在有经验的观察者中，%同意率为>； 80% (k = 0.35-0.76)；在新手中，%同意率为<； 80% （k = 0.33-0.54）。RH大小和功能异常在PHT组更为常见，对PHT的检测特异性高，敏感性低。结论主观RH评价与临床重要性评分的一致性较低，且受观察者经验的影响。主观缺乏RH变化不能排除PHT，而存在特征性RH变化则提示PHT。

{"title":"Evaluation of Subjective Assessment of Right Heart Size and Function Using Standard 2D-Echocardiographic Recordings in Horses With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension","authors":"Julia N. van Spijk, Hannah K. Junge, Christina Eberhardt, Natalie Wolf, Debora Vogt, Paula Zscherpe, Elena Herger, Manon Straub, Colin C. Schwarzwald","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Echocardiographic evaluation of right heart (RH) size and function in horses is challenging and relies on subjective assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate inter- and intra-rater agreement of subjective assessment of RH size, RH function, and the presence of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in horses. Assess subjective RH changes with and without PHT and the influence of observer experience.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Healthy horses (<i>n</i> = 30) and horses with Doppler measurements suggesting the presence or absence of PHT (<i>n</i> = 30 each).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine standard echocardiographic recordings were analyzed by experienced (<i>n</i> = 4) and inexperienced (<i>n</i> = 5) observers. RH size, RH function, pulmonary artery (PA) size and distensibility, and the presence of PHT were subjectively assessed as normal, mildly, moderately, or severely changed. Inter- and intra-rater agreement was calculated using percentual agreement (% agree) and kappa (<i>k</i>). Sensitivity and specificity to detect PHT were calculated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall inter-rater agreement in all observers was low with 61% perfect agreement and <i>k</i> of 0.21; it was higher in experienced observers (<i>k</i> = 0.34, 77% agree) than in beginners (<i>k</i> = 0.18, 52% agree). Intra-rater agreement showed % agree > 80% in experienced observers (<i>k</i> = 0.35–0.76) and < 80% in beginners (<i>k</i> = 0.33–0.54). RH size and function were more commonly abnormal in the PHT group, with high specificity but low sensitivity to detect PHT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rater agreement of subjective RH assessment was low and influenced by observer experience. Subjective absence of RH changes does not allow ruling out PHT, while the presence of characteristic RH changes suggests PHT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case–Control Investigation of Association of Clinician-Determined Variables With Progressive Myelomalacia After Acute Thoracolumbar Disc Extrusion in Dogs 犬急性胸腰椎椎间盘挤压后临床变量与进行性骨髓瘤相关性的病例对照研究

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70180

Eileen Donoghue, Joe Mankin, Nick Jeffery

Background

Reliable identification of clinician-controlled factors that increase the risk of progressive myelomalacia after acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion could aid in decreasing its occurrence.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Examination of possible risk factors for the development of progressive myelomalacia in a susceptible sample population of adequate size to achieve sufficient power to re-evaluate previously reported associations.

Animals

A total of 244 dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion presented to a single neurology clinic with absent pain perception in the hindquarters.

Methods

Case–control study analyzing the association of exposure to putative risk factors with the development of progressive myelomalacia within 14 days of decompressive surgery.

Results

Progressive myelomalacia was not associated with any of the clinician-controlled factors examined, including surgical timing and duration, peri-operative anti-inflammatory medications, or variations in intra-operative blood pressure. Some evidence supported previous associations of progressive myelomalacia with disc extrusion in the lumbar intumescence and with French bulldog breed, but study power was insufficient to confirm these associations. Unneutered dogs, notably males, had increased incidence in this sample, but this finding might be unreliable because of unknown, likely low, study power.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Progressive myelomalacia was not associated with factors that can be controlled by clinicians and that were investigated in our study. It will be necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches to decrease the occurrence of progressive myelomalacia. The possibility that unneutered dogs are at higher risk requires repeated investigation in another sample population.

背景：可靠地确定急性胸腰椎椎间盘挤压后增加进行性骨髓瘤软化风险的临床控制因素有助于减少其发生。假设/目的在足够大的易感样本人群中检查进行性脊髓软化症发展的可能危险因素，以获得足够的权力来重新评估先前报道的关联。244只患有急性胸腰椎椎间盘突出症的狗被送到一个神经科诊所，后腿没有疼痛感。方法通过病例对照研究，分析推测的危险因素暴露与腰椎减压术后14天内进行性骨髓瘤发生的关系。结果进行性骨髓瘤软化与任何临床控制的检查因素无关，包括手术时间和持续时间，围手术期抗炎药物或术中血压变化。一些证据支持先前进行性骨髓瘤软化症与腰椎膨胀性椎间盘突出和法国斗牛犬品种的关联，但研究力量不足以证实这些关联。未绝育的狗，特别是雄性，在这个样本中发病率增加，但这一发现可能不可靠，因为未知的，可能低的研究能力。结论和临床意义进行性骨髓瘤软化与临床医生可以控制的因素无关，我们的研究对这些因素进行了调查。有必要开发新的治疗方法来减少进行性骨髓瘤的发生。未绝育的狗有更高风险的可能性需要在另一个样本群体中反复调查。

{"title":"Case–Control Investigation of Association of Clinician-Determined Variables With Progressive Myelomalacia After Acute Thoracolumbar Disc Extrusion in Dogs","authors":"Eileen Donoghue, Joe Mankin, Nick Jeffery","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliable identification of clinician-controlled factors that increase the risk of progressive myelomalacia after acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion could aid in decreasing its occurrence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Examination of possible risk factors for the development of progressive myelomalacia in a susceptible sample population of adequate size to achieve sufficient power to re-evaluate previously reported associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 244 dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion presented to a single neurology clinic with absent pain perception in the hindquarters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Case–control study analyzing the association of exposure to putative risk factors with the development of progressive myelomalacia within 14 days of decompressive surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progressive myelomalacia was not associated with any of the clinician-controlled factors examined, including surgical timing and duration, peri-operative anti-inflammatory medications, or variations in intra-operative blood pressure. Some evidence supported previous associations of progressive myelomalacia with disc extrusion in the lumbar intumescence and with French bulldog breed, but study power was insufficient to confirm these associations. Unneutered dogs, notably males, had increased incidence in this sample, but this finding might be unreliable because of unknown, likely low, study power.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progressive myelomalacia was not associated with factors that can be controlled by clinicians and that were investigated in our study. It will be necessary to develop new therapeutic approaches to decrease the occurrence of progressive myelomalacia. The possibility that unneutered dogs are at higher risk requires repeated investigation in another sample population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utility of a Modified Penlight-Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease 基于前庭疾病犬猫眼球震颤的视觉抑制，改进的灯罩试验对病变神经定位的应用

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70182

Alice Chan, Gemma E. Longson, Edward Ives, Claire Turner, Paul Freeman, Stacey Brady, Ana Martinez Loro, Bruno Scalia, Susana Monforte Monteiro, Sara Formoso, Sam Khan, An E. Vanhaesebrouck

Background

Humans with peripheral vestibular disorders can suppress nystagmus through visual fixation, a capability often compromised in those with central vestibular disorders. Bedside tests that exploit this difference can aid neurolocalization in humans. These tests remain unexplored in veterinary medicine.

Hypothesis

Removal of visual input will reveal or enhance nystagmus in animals with peripheral vestibular disease, while animals with central vestibular disease would show little change.

Animals

Twenty-one dogs and cats with peripheral vestibular lesions and 16 with central vestibular lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted using a modified penlight-cover test. Because animals cannot be easily instructed to fixate on a visual target, removal of visual input was used as a substitute for eliminating visual fixation, based on the assumption that visual fixation also occurs spontaneously. A 0.5-W LED penlight was shined into one eye while covering the other to eliminate visual input. Nystagmus beat frequency (BF) and subjective evaluation of slow phase velocity (SPV) were recorded before and during penlight application.

Results

In animals with peripheral lesions, BF increased in 33% and SPV in 24% of cases after removal of visual input. Among those with central lesions, only one of 16 showed an increase in BF, and none exhibited an increase in SPV.

Conclusions

When used alongside the neurological examination, the modified penlight-cover test, could raise suspicion of a peripheral vestibular lesion if it reveals increased BF or SPV.

外周前庭疾病患者可以通过视觉固定抑制眼球震颤，而中枢性前庭疾病患者的这种能力通常较弱。利用这种差异的床边测试可以帮助人类进行神经定位。这些测试在兽医学中仍未被探索。假设移除视觉输入会使周围前庭疾病动物的眼球震颤显现或增强，而中枢性前庭疾病动物的眼球震颤变化不大。21只狗和猫有外周前庭病变，16只狗和猫有中央前庭病变。经MRI确诊。方法采用改进的灯罩试验进行前瞻性研究。因为动物不容易被指导去盯着一个视觉目标，移除视觉输入被用作消除视觉固定的替代，基于视觉固定也是自发发生的假设。一盏0.5 w的LED笔灯照进一只眼睛，同时遮住另一只眼睛，以消除视觉输入。在使用电筒前和使用电筒时分别记录眼球震搏动频率（BF）和慢相速度主观评价（SPV）。结果在周围病变动物中，去除视觉输入后BF增加33%，SPV增加24%。在中心病变中，16例中只有1例BF增加，没有一例SPV增加。当与神经学检查一起使用时，改良的灯罩试验如果显示BF或SPV增加，可能会引起周围前庭病变的怀疑。

{"title":"Utility of a Modified Penlight-Cover Test for Neurolocalization of Lesions Based on Visual Suppression of Nystagmus in Dogs and Cats With Vestibular Disease","authors":"Alice Chan, Gemma E. Longson, Edward Ives, Claire Turner, Paul Freeman, Stacey Brady, Ana Martinez Loro, Bruno Scalia, Susana Monforte Monteiro, Sara Formoso, Sam Khan, An E. Vanhaesebrouck","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Humans with peripheral vestibular disorders can suppress nystagmus through visual fixation, a capability often compromised in those with central vestibular disorders. Bedside tests that exploit this difference can aid neurolocalization in humans. These tests remain unexplored in veterinary medicine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Removal of visual input will reveal or enhance nystagmus in animals with peripheral vestibular disease, while animals with central vestibular disease would show little change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one dogs and cats with peripheral vestibular lesions and 16 with central vestibular lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by MRI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective study was conducted using a modified penlight-cover test. Because animals cannot be easily instructed to fixate on a visual target, removal of visual input was used as a substitute for eliminating visual fixation, based on the assumption that visual fixation also occurs spontaneously. A 0.5-W LED penlight was shined into one eye while covering the other to eliminate visual input. Nystagmus beat frequency (BF) and subjective evaluation of slow phase velocity (SPV) were recorded before and during penlight application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In animals with peripheral lesions, BF increased in 33% and SPV in 24% of cases after removal of visual input. Among those with central lesions, only one of 16 showed an increase in BF, and none exhibited an increase in SPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When used alongside the neurological examination, the modified penlight-cover test, could raise suspicion of a peripheral vestibular lesion if it reveals increased BF or SPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial Comparing Prednisolone and Cyclosporine With a Nonrandomized Active Control for Treating Presumed Chronic Pancreatitis in Cats 比较泼尼松龙和环孢素与非随机主动对照治疗猫慢性胰腺炎的随机开放标签临床试验

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70163

Yu-An Wu, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Samiran Sinha, Jörg M. Steiner

Background

Current management for chronic pancreatitis in cats is largely symptomatic. Anecdotal reports suggest that immunomodulatory treatment can be helpful in some cases, but limited data is available.

Objectives

Compare the effects of symptomatic treatments alone, an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone, or modified cyclosporine on serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) concentration and clinical activity index (CAI).

Animals

Forty-eight client-owned cats with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis were managed on an outpatient basis.

Methods

Three-week randomized open-label trial with a nonrandomized active control. Owners elected to join either the control or the treatment group; cats enrolled in the treatment group were randomized to receive either prednisolone or cyclosporine. Serum fPLI concentration and clinical signs were recorded at baseline and on Days 10 and 21.

Results

The average decrease in serum fPLI concentration was 13.0 μg/L (95% CI, −23.9 to −0.9 μg/L) larger for the cyclosporine group (n = 17) than for the control group (n = 16) and 27.6 μg/L (95% CI, −41.2 to −11.4 μg/L) larger than for the prednisolone group (n = 15). The average decrease in CAI was 1.9 points (95% CI, −2.7 to −1.2) larger for the prednisolone group than for the control group and 1.2 points (95% CI, −2.1 to −0.4) larger than for the cyclosporine group.

Conclusions

Over a 3-week treatment period, cats with presumed chronic pancreatitis that received cyclosporine had a larger decrease in serum fPLI concentration compared with cats that were treated with an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone or cats that received only symptomatic treatments. However, clinical improvement was more apparent with prednisolone, but not cyclosporine.

背景目前猫慢性胰腺炎的治疗主要是症状性的。轶事报告表明，免疫调节治疗在某些情况下是有帮助的，但数据有限。目的比较单纯对症治疗、免疫抑制剂量强的松龙和改良环孢素对猫血清胰脂肪酶免疫反应性（fPLI）浓度和临床活性指数（CAI）的影响。动物48客户拥有的猫与推定诊断为慢性胰腺炎管理在门诊基础上。方法三周随机开放标签试验，非随机主动对照。业主选择加入对照组或实验组；治疗组的猫被随机分为强的松龙组和环孢素组。在基线、第10天和第21天记录血清fPLI浓度和临床体征。结果环孢素组（n = 17）比对照组（n = 16）血清fPLI浓度平均下降13.0 μg/L (95% CI,−23.9 ~−0.9 μg/L)，比强的松龙组（n = 15）平均下降27.6 μg/L （95% CI,−41.2 ~−11.4 μ L）。强的松龙组的CAI平均下降幅度比对照组大1.9个点（95% CI,−2.7 ~−1.2），比环孢素组大1.2个点（95% CI,−2.1 ~−0.4）。结论：在3周的治疗期内，与接受免疫抑制剂量的强的松龙治疗或仅接受对症治疗的猫相比，接受环孢素治疗的疑似慢性胰腺炎猫的血清fPLI浓度下降幅度更大。然而，泼尼松龙的临床改善更为明显，而环孢素则不然。

{"title":"Randomized Open-Label Clinical Trial Comparing Prednisolone and Cyclosporine With a Nonrandomized Active Control for Treating Presumed Chronic Pancreatitis in Cats","authors":"Yu-An Wu, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Samiran Sinha, Jörg M. Steiner","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current management for chronic pancreatitis in cats is largely symptomatic. Anecdotal reports suggest that immunomodulatory treatment can be helpful in some cases, but limited data is available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compare the effects of symptomatic treatments alone, an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone, or modified cyclosporine on serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) concentration and clinical activity index (CAI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight client-owned cats with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis were managed on an outpatient basis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three-week randomized open-label trial with a nonrandomized active control. Owners elected to join either the control or the treatment group; cats enrolled in the treatment group were randomized to receive either prednisolone or cyclosporine. Serum fPLI concentration and clinical signs were recorded at baseline and on Days 10 and 21.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average decrease in serum fPLI concentration was 13.0 μg/L (95% CI, −23.9 to −0.9 μg/L) larger for the cyclosporine group (<i>n</i> = 17) than for the control group (<i>n</i> = 16) and 27.6 μg/L (95% CI, −41.2 to −11.4 μg/L) larger than for the prednisolone group (<i>n</i> = 15). The average decrease in CAI was 1.9 points (95% CI, −2.7 to −1.2) larger for the prednisolone group than for the control group and 1.2 points (95% CI, −2.1 to −0.4) larger than for the cyclosporine group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over a 3-week treatment period, cats with presumed chronic pancreatitis that received cyclosporine had a larger decrease in serum fPLI concentration compared with cats that were treated with an immunosuppressive dosage of prednisolone or cats that received only symptomatic treatments. However, clinical improvement was more apparent with prednisolone, but not cyclosporine.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144503267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenazopyridine in Goats With Obstructive Urolithiasis 非那吡啶在梗阻性尿石症山羊体内的药代动力学

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70167

Sienna L. Mitman, Danielle A. Mzyk, Blanca E. Camacho, R. McAlister Council-Troche, Jennifer Davis, Derek M. Foster, Jennifer Halleran

Background

Phenazopyridine is used for ancillary pain management in the treatment of goats with obstructive urolithiasis. However, there are no published studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of phenazopyridine in goats.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenazopyridine after oral administration in goats with obstructive urolithiasis after tube cystostomy surgery.

Animals

Six male goats, ages 3 months to 4 years.

Methods

Prospective, observational study. Goats presenting to a veterinary institution diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis underwent a tube cystostomy surgery. After surgery, phenazopyridine (4 mg/kg PO q12h) was administered. Plasma and urine samples were collected at predetermined intervals, and the concentration of phenazopyridine and clinically relevant metabolites was determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis.

Results

The harmonic mean terminal elimination plasma half-life (T_1/2), geometric mean maximum plasma concentration (C_max), and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.5 h (0.22–1.57 h), 263.4 ng/mL (137.35–1047.88 ng/mL), and 0.69 h*ng/mL (0.10–2.99 h*ng/mL), respectively for phenazopyridine. The concentration of phenazopyridine in urine samples was below the limit of assay detection (1.5 ng/mL) in all but one sample.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Phenazopyridine was rapidly eliminated from plasma and did not concentrate at detectable levels in the urine after oral administration.

背景：非那吡啶用于治疗山羊梗阻性尿石症的辅助疼痛管理。然而，目前还没有发表关于非那吡啶在山羊体内的药代动力学、安全性或有效性的研究。假设/目的探讨非那吡啶在梗阻性尿石症山羊膀胱造瘘术后口服的药动学参数。动物6只公山羊，年龄3个月至4岁。方法前瞻性观察性研究。被诊断为梗阻性尿石症的山羊到兽医机构接受了管式膀胱造口手术。术后给予非那唑吡啶（4 mg/kg PO q12h）。按预定时间间隔采集血浆和尿液样本，采用超高效液相色谱-质谱法测定非那唑吡啶及临床相关代谢物的浓度。采用非区室分析确定药代动力学参数。结果非那唑吡啶的调和平均终端消除血浆半衰期（T1/2）为0.5 h (0.22 ~ 1.57 h)，几何平均最大血浆浓度（Cmax）为263.4 ng/mL (137.35 ~ 1047.88 ng/mL)，曲线下面积（AUC）为0.69 h*ng/mL （0.10 ~ 2.99 h*ng/mL）。除1份尿样外，其余尿样中非那唑吡啶浓度均低于测定检出限（1.5 ng/mL）。结论及临床意义口服给药后，非那吡啶能迅速从血浆中消失，且在尿液中未达到可检测的浓度。

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenazopyridine in Goats With Obstructive Urolithiasis","authors":"Sienna L. Mitman, Danielle A. Mzyk, Blanca E. Camacho, R. McAlister Council-Troche, Jennifer Davis, Derek M. Foster, Jennifer Halleran","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenazopyridine is used for ancillary pain management in the treatment of goats with obstructive urolithiasis. However, there are no published studies on the pharmacokinetics, safety, or efficacy of phenazopyridine in goats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of phenazopyridine after oral administration in goats with obstructive urolithiasis after tube cystostomy surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six male goats, ages 3 months to 4 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective, observational study. Goats presenting to a veterinary institution diagnosed with obstructive urolithiasis underwent a tube cystostomy surgery. After surgery, phenazopyridine (4 mg/kg PO q12h) was administered. Plasma and urine samples were collected at predetermined intervals, and the concentration of phenazopyridine and clinically relevant metabolites was determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The harmonic mean terminal elimination plasma half-life (<i>T</i><sub>1/2</sub>), geometric mean maximum plasma concentration (<i>C</i><sub>max</sub>), and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.5 h (0.22–1.57 h), 263.4 ng/mL (137.35–1047.88 ng/mL), and 0.69 h*ng/mL (0.10–2.99 h*ng/mL), respectively for phenazopyridine. The concentration of phenazopyridine in urine samples was below the limit of assay detection (1.5 ng/mL) in all but one sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phenazopyridine was rapidly eliminated from plasma and did not concentrate at detectable levels in the urine after oral administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal Assessment of QT Apex in Tumor-Bearing Dogs Receiving Doxorubicin Monotherapy 接受阿霉素单药治疗的荷瘤犬QT顶点的纵向评价

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70169

Keita Kitagawa, Jacob Ryave, Robert A. Sanders, Ji-Hyun Lee, Zhongyue Zhang, Paulo Vilar Saavedra

Background

The cardiac morphologic and functional derangements induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are referred to as DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DOX-IC). Prolongation of the QT apex (QTa) has been identified as a potential marker for the early detection of DOX-IC in humans.

Objectives

Describe changes in QTa that occur in dogs with cancer undergoing DOX monotherapy.

Animals

Forty-five client-owned dogs.

Methods

Descriptive analysis of data routinely recorded as part of case management of dogs with cancer. Dogs included in the study had a confirmed malignant neoplasm, received DOX as a monotherapy, and had at least 4 ECGs > 30 s. All ECGs included in the study were recorded before DOX administration. Five heartbeats with a stable signal and minimal artifact were randomly selected from each dog, and the QTa was blindly evaluated in lead II, lead III, or both. Subsequently, a linear mixed model was used to quantify the effect of a cumulative dose of DOX on the QTa interval, adjusting for the effect of the other clinical variables.

Results

Forty-five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 39/45 received five DOX treatments and 26/45 received six DOX treatments. For ECG analysis, 234 ECGs were evaluated for changes in the QTa. The average cumulative dose of DOX was 154.1 mg/m². There was no significant impact of the DOX treatments on the change in QTa (p = 0.8).

Conclusions

Administration of DOX up to a cumulative dose of 154.1 mg/m² does not result in QTa prolongation.

多柔比星（DOX）引起的心脏形态和功能紊乱被称为DOX诱导的心脏毒性（DOX- ic）。QT顶点延长（QTa）已被确定为人类早期检测DOX-IC的潜在标志物。目的描述在接受DOX单药治疗的癌症犬中QTa的变化。45只客户拥有的狗。方法对犬癌病例管理中常规记录的数据进行描述性分析。纳入研究的犬均确诊为恶性肿瘤，接受DOX单药治疗，且至少有4次心电图[gt； 30]。所有纳入研究的心电图均在给药前记录。从每只狗中随机选择5次信号稳定且干扰最小的心跳，并在导联II、导联III或两者中盲目评估QTa。随后，使用线性混合模型来量化DOX累积剂量对QTa间隔的影响，并调整其他临床变量的影响。结果45只狗符合纳入标准。其中39/45例接受5次DOX治疗，26/45例接受6次DOX治疗。在心电图分析中，对234例心电图进行QTa变化评估。DOX平均累积剂量为154.1 mg/m2。DOX治疗对QTa变化无显著影响（p = 0.8）。结论：累积剂量为154.1 mg/m2的DOX不会导致QTa延长。

{"title":"Longitudinal Assessment of QT Apex in Tumor-Bearing Dogs Receiving Doxorubicin Monotherapy","authors":"Keita Kitagawa, Jacob Ryave, Robert A. Sanders, Ji-Hyun Lee, Zhongyue Zhang, Paulo Vilar Saavedra","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cardiac morphologic and functional derangements induced by doxorubicin (DOX) are referred to as DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DOX-IC). Prolongation of the QT apex (QTa) has been identified as a potential marker for the early detection of DOX-IC in humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe changes in QTa that occur in dogs with cancer undergoing DOX monotherapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five client-owned dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive analysis of data routinely recorded as part of case management of dogs with cancer. Dogs included in the study had a confirmed malignant neoplasm, received DOX as a monotherapy, and had at least 4 ECGs > 30 s. All ECGs included in the study were recorded before DOX administration. Five heartbeats with a stable signal and minimal artifact were randomly selected from each dog, and the QTa was blindly evaluated in lead II, lead III, or both. Subsequently, a linear mixed model was used to quantify the effect of a cumulative dose of DOX on the QTa interval, adjusting for the effect of the other clinical variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 39/45 received five DOX treatments and 26/45 received six DOX treatments. For ECG analysis, 234 ECGs were evaluated for changes in the QTa. The average cumulative dose of DOX was 154.1 mg/m<sup>2</sup>. There was no significant impact of the DOX treatments on the change in QTa (<i>p</i> = 0.8).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Administration of DOX up to a cumulative dose of 154.1 mg/m<sup>2</sup> does not result in QTa prolongation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Esophageal Candidiasis in Two Dogs With Megaesophagus: A Case Report 食道肥大犬食道念珠菌病2例报告

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70184

Katie L. Anderson, Karen M. Tefft

Esophageal candidiasis is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis in human patients, but to date, this disease has not been reported in companion animals. A 16-month-old male intact King Shepherd dog and a 2-year-old female spayed German Shepherd dog were presented for evaluation of chronic regurgitation with diffuse megaesophagus identified on thoracic radiographs. In both cases, esophagoscopy disclosed diffuse, white fungal plaques, and brush cytology showed severe esophagitis with numerous yeast structures. Fungal cultures in both cases were positive for Candida albicans. The dogs were treated with fluconazole, which led to improvement or resolution of esophageal candidiasis. Esophagoscopy to evaluate for candidiasis should be considered in dogs with megaesophagus that either fail to improve on medical management or suffer an exacerbation of previously controlled signs.

食道念珠菌病是人类患者感染性食管炎的最常见原因，但迄今为止，还没有在伴侣动物中报道这种疾病。我们介绍了一只16个月大的完整的雄性国王牧羊犬和一只2岁大的雌性阉割的德国牧羊犬，对胸片上发现的弥漫性食管肥大的慢性反流进行了评估。在这两个病例中，食管镜检查显示弥漫性白色真菌斑块，刷细胞学检查显示严重的食管炎伴大量酵母结构。两例真菌培养均呈白色念珠菌阳性。经氟康唑治疗后，食道念珠菌病得到改善或消退。食管镜检查对念珠菌病的评估应考虑在患有食管肥大的狗，要么无法改善医疗管理，要么遭受先前控制的症状恶化。

引用次数: 0

Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Multisystemic Eosinophilic Epitheliotropic Disease in a Miniature Donkey: A Case Report 小型驴多系统嗜酸性上皮性疾病的临床表现和诊断：1例报告

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70172

Carla K. Enriquez, Alicia E. Long, Cristobal Navas de Solis, Perry L. Habecker, Rose Nolen-Walston

A 21-year-old miniature donkey gelding was evaluated for pruritus, inappetence, hypertriglyceridemia, and alopecia of 2 weeks' duration. Hematology showed moderate eosinophilia, severe hypertriglyceridemia, and moderately increased liver enzyme activities. Cytologic evaluation of peritoneal fluid identified an eosinophilic transudate. The donkey was treated with antihistamines, anthelmintics, IV fluids with dextrose as a constant rate infusion, and insulin. The miniature donkey was euthanized because of the development of laminitis. Lesions associated with multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED) were identified at necropsy.

我们对一头21岁的迷你驴阉驴进行了为期2周的瘙痒、食欲不振、高甘油三酯血症和脱发的评估。血液学显示中度嗜酸性粒细胞增多，严重的高甘油三酯血症和中度肝酶活性升高。腹膜液细胞学检查发现嗜酸性渗出物。用抗组胺药、驱虫药、等速滴注葡萄糖和胰岛素治疗驴。这头小驴因患足部炎而被安乐死。多系统嗜酸性上皮性疾病（MEED）相关病变在尸检中被确定。

引用次数: 0