Emma Jessop, David L. Renaud, Adronie Verbrugghe, Dasiel Obregon, Jenniffer Macnicol, Aoife McMahon, Lynna Li, Lisa Gamsjäger, Diego E. Gomez
Background
It is unknown if gastrointestinal dysbiosis in diarrheic calves causes disease or is a consequence of the disease.
Objectives
Describe the fecal microbiota of calves before, during, and after recovering from diarrhea.
Animals
Fifteen female Holstein calves of 0 to 21 days old from a single farm. Seven calves remained healthy throughout the study, and 8 developed diarrhea on Day 14.
Methods
Longitudinal cohort study. Microbiota composition was characterized by amplifying the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.
Results
Diversity (Shannon index) increased with age in healthy and diarrheic calves from Day 3 to 21, but diarrheic calves had a lower diversity on the day diarrhea was first observed (Day 14). By Day 21, diversity increased in calves that recovered from diarrhea and was not significantly different from that of their healthy counterparts (P > .05). Weighted UniFrac distance showed significant differences in the fecal microbiota between diarrheic and healthy calves at Day 14 of age (PERMANOVA, P < .05), but not before or after diarrhea (PERMANOVA, P > .05). Lactobacillus, Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1, and Collinsella were differentially abundant on Day 10 in calves that developed diarrhea on Day 14 (P < .05).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance
The fecal microbiota of healthy and diarrheic calves evolved similarly during the first 10 days of age but differed significantly on the day of onset of diarrhea. Enriching Lactobacillus, Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1, and Collinsella before diarrhea onset could have been contributed to the development of diarrhea.
{"title":"Fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves: Before, during, and after recovering from disease","authors":"Emma Jessop, David L. Renaud, Adronie Verbrugghe, Dasiel Obregon, Jenniffer Macnicol, Aoife McMahon, Lynna Li, Lisa Gamsjäger, Diego E. Gomez","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17201","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is unknown if gastrointestinal dysbiosis in diarrheic calves causes disease or is a consequence of the disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe the fecal microbiota of calves before, during, and after recovering from diarrhea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen female Holstein calves of 0 to 21 days old from a single farm. Seven calves remained healthy throughout the study, and 8 developed diarrhea on Day 14.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal cohort study. Microbiota composition was characterized by amplifying the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diversity (Shannon index) increased with age in healthy and diarrheic calves from Day 3 to 21, but diarrheic calves had a lower diversity on the day diarrhea was first observed (Day 14). By Day 21, diversity increased in calves that recovered from diarrhea and was not significantly different from that of their healthy counterparts (<i>P</i> > .05). Weighted UniFrac distance showed significant differences in the fecal microbiota between diarrheic and healthy calves at Day 14 of age (PERMANOVA, <i>P</i> < .05), but not before or after diarrhea (PERMANOVA, <i>P</i> > .05). <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1</i>, and <i>Collinsella</i> were differentially abundant on Day 10 in calves that developed diarrhea on Day 14 (<i>P</i> < .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fecal microbiota of healthy and diarrheic calves evolved similarly during the first 10 days of age but differed significantly on the day of onset of diarrhea. Enriching <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1</i>, and <i>Collinsella</i> before diarrhea onset could have been contributed to the development of diarrhea.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3358-3366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerry A. Loughran, Marc S. Kraus, Erin J. Achilles, Terry Huh, Éva Larouche-Lebel, Laura K. Massey, Anna R. Gelzer, Mark A. Oyama
Background
Reliability of echocardiographic calculations for stroke volume and mitral regurgitant fraction (RFMR) are affected by observer variability and lack of a gold standard. Variability is used to calculate critical change values (CCVs) that are thresholds representing real change in a measure not associated with observer variability.
Hypothesis
Observed intra- and interobserver accuracy and variability in healthy dogs help model CCV for RFMR.
Animals
Reliability cohort of 34 healthy dogs; allometric scaling cohort of 99 dogs with heart disease and 25 healthy dogs.
Methods
Accuracy, variability, and CCV of 2 observers using geometric and flow-based echocardiography were prospectively compared against a standard of RFMR = 0% and extrapolated across a range of expected RFMR values in the reliability cohort partly derived from cardiac dimensions predicted by the allometric cohort.
Results
Accuracy of methods to determine RFMR in descending order was 4-chamber bullet (Bullet4CH), mitral inflow, cube formula, and Simpson's method of disks. Intraobserver variability was relatively high. The CCV for RFMR ranged from 28% to 88% and was inversely related to RFMR when extrapolated for use in affected dogs. For both observers, the Bullet4CH method had the lowest intraobserver CCV (Operator 1:28%, Operator 2:41%). Interobserver strength of agreement was low with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.210 to 0.413.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Echocardiographic volumetric methods used to calculate stroke volume and RFMR have low accuracy and high variability in healthy dogs. Extrapolation of observed CCV to a range of expected RFMR suggests observers and methods are not interchangeable and variability might hinder routine clinical usage. Individual observers should be aware of their own variability and CCV.
{"title":"Observed and expected reliability of echocardiographic volumetric methods and critical change values for quantification of mitral regurgitant fraction in dogs","authors":"Kerry A. Loughran, Marc S. Kraus, Erin J. Achilles, Terry Huh, Éva Larouche-Lebel, Laura K. Massey, Anna R. Gelzer, Mark A. Oyama","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17205","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliability of echocardiographic calculations for stroke volume and mitral regurgitant fraction (RF<sub>MR</sub>) are affected by observer variability and lack of a gold standard. Variability is used to calculate critical change values (CCVs) that are thresholds representing real change in a measure not associated with observer variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Observed intra- and interobserver accuracy and variability in healthy dogs help model CCV for RF<sub>MR</sub>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reliability cohort of 34 healthy dogs; allometric scaling cohort of 99 dogs with heart disease and 25 healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accuracy, variability, and CCV of 2 observers using geometric and flow-based echocardiography were prospectively compared against a standard of RF<sub>MR</sub> = 0% and extrapolated across a range of expected RF<sub>MR</sub> values in the reliability cohort partly derived from cardiac dimensions predicted by the allometric cohort.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accuracy of methods to determine RF<sub>MR</sub> in descending order was 4-chamber bullet (Bullet<sub>4CH</sub>), mitral inflow, cube formula, and Simpson's method of disks. Intraobserver variability was relatively high. The CCV for RF<sub>MR</sub> ranged from 28% to 88% and was inversely related to RF<sub>MR</sub> when extrapolated for use in affected dogs. For both observers, the Bullet<sub>4CH</sub> method had the lowest intraobserver CCV (Operator 1:28%, Operator 2:41%). Interobserver strength of agreement was low with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.210 to 0.413.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Echocardiographic volumetric methods used to calculate stroke volume and RF<sub>MR</sub> have low accuracy and high variability in healthy dogs. Extrapolation of observed CCV to a range of expected RF<sub>MR</sub> suggests observers and methods are not interchangeable and variability might hinder routine clinical usage. Individual observers should be aware of their own variability and CCV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3016-3024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joonbum Seo, José Novo Matos, John S. Munday, Hayley Hunt, David J. Connolly, Virginia Luis Fuentes
Background
The proportion of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that lose systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) in the long term is unknown.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Cats with HCM will lose SAM in the long term. Loss of SAM will be associated with greater age, longer scan-interval, and altered left ventricular (LV) dimensions.
Animals
Sixty unsedated cats with HCM, not receiving beta blockers or pimobendan.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study from 2 referral centers. Cats were eligible if they had been diagnosed with HCM and had a repeat echocardiogram ≥1 year later. Clinical and echocardiographic data of the left heart variables were collected.
Results
Thirty-eight cats had SAM at the initial scan. After a median follow-up time of 2.1 years (range: 1.0-5.9), 7 cats had lost SAM (18%) and 5 cats (23%) gained SAM. On follow-up, cats with SAM at the initial scan had a larger left atrium (P = .037), lower left atrial fractional shortening (P = .014), greater LV internal diameter in end-systole (P = .002), and lower LV fractional shortening (P < .001). Four cats with SAM developed congestive heart failure. There were no new cases of congestive heart failure or change in left heart variables in cats without SAM at the initial scan. The gain or loss of SAM was not associated with age or time between scans.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Similar proportions of cats gained or lost SAM. Cats with SAM at baseline had more evidence of disease progression than cats without SAM.
背景：肥厚型心肌病 (HCM) 猫二尖瓣收缩期前移 (SAM) 长期丧失的比例尚不清楚：假设/目标：患有 HCM 的猫会长期丧失二尖瓣收缩前运动。SAM的丧失将与年龄增大、扫描间隔延长和左心室（LV）尺寸改变有关：方法：一项回顾性队列研究：方法：来自 2 个转诊中心的回顾性队列研究。被诊断为 HCM 的猫咪在≥1 年后重复超声心动图检查时均符合条件。收集了左心变量的临床和超声心动图数据：结果：38 只猫在初次扫描时患有 SAM。中位随访时间为 2.1 年（范围：1.0-5.9），7 只猫咪失去了 SAM（18%），5 只猫咪获得了 SAM（23%）。随访发现，初次扫描时患有 SAM 的猫左心房较大（P = .037），左心房分数缩短率较低（P = .014），收缩末期左心室内径较大（P = .002），左心室分数缩短率较低（P 结论和临床重要性：获得或丧失 SAM 的猫的比例相似。基线时有 SAM 的猫比没有 SAM 的猫有更多疾病进展的证据。
{"title":"Longitudinal assessment of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","authors":"Joonbum Seo, José Novo Matos, John S. Munday, Hayley Hunt, David J. Connolly, Virginia Luis Fuentes","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17203","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proportion of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that lose systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) in the long term is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats with HCM will lose SAM in the long term. Loss of SAM will be associated with greater age, longer scan-interval, and altered left ventricular (LV) dimensions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty unsedated cats with HCM, not receiving beta blockers or pimobendan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study from 2 referral centers. Cats were eligible if they had been diagnosed with HCM and had a repeat echocardiogram ≥1 year later. Clinical and echocardiographic data of the left heart variables were collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-eight cats had SAM at the initial scan. After a median follow-up time of 2.1 years (range: 1.0-5.9), 7 cats had lost SAM (18%) and 5 cats (23%) gained SAM. On follow-up, cats with SAM at the initial scan had a larger left atrium (<i>P</i> = .037), lower left atrial fractional shortening (<i>P</i> = .014), greater LV internal diameter in end-systole (<i>P</i> = .002), and lower LV fractional shortening (<i>P</i> < .001). Four cats with SAM developed congestive heart failure. There were no new cases of congestive heart failure or change in left heart variables in cats without SAM at the initial scan. The gain or loss of SAM was not associated with age or time between scans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Similar proportions of cats gained or lost SAM. Cats with SAM at baseline had more evidence of disease progression than cats without SAM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"2982-2993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chih-Fan Chiang, Raphael Vanderstichel, Jonathan Stockman, Jennifer A. Larsen, Andrea J. Fascetti
Background
Monitoring serum phosphorus concentrations is crucial in the management of chronic kidney disease in cats. The diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentration may affect clinical assessment.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Characterize the diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentration in cats and determine the associations between changes in serum phosphorus concentration and several metabolites of phosphorus metabolism.
Animals
Six apparently healthy, intact male, specific-pathogen-free cats were housed in a photoperiod, humidity, and temperature-controlled facility.
Methods
Blood sampling was performed hourly for 24 hours to obtain the serum concentrations of phosphorus, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcidiol. Results were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models to determine the significance of diurnal variation and associations between serum phosphorus concentrations and other metabolites over time.
Results
Diurnal variation in serum phosphorus concentration was noted with an apex around 11:00 followed by gradually declining concentrations to reach the nadir around 23:00. The serum phosphorus concentration again increased through the early morning on the next day. An approximately 25% difference in serum phosphorus concentration at the apex and the nadir was documented. A non-linear relationship between the serum concentrations of phosphorus and ionized calcium over time was identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Diurnal variations of serum phosphorus concentration and associations between the trending of serum phosphorus and ionized calcium concentrations were evident in a group of clinically healthy adult cats housed in a controlled environment. These findings can help in the interpretation of clinical and research data regarding calcium and phosphorus metabolism and kidney health in cats.
{"title":"Diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentrations in intact male adult domestic cats","authors":"Chih-Fan Chiang, Raphael Vanderstichel, Jonathan Stockman, Jennifer A. Larsen, Andrea J. Fascetti","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17202","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring serum phosphorus concentrations is crucial in the management of chronic kidney disease in cats. The diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentration may affect clinical assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Characterize the diurnal variation of serum phosphorus concentration in cats and determine the associations between changes in serum phosphorus concentration and several metabolites of phosphorus metabolism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six apparently healthy, intact male, specific-pathogen-free cats were housed in a photoperiod, humidity, and temperature-controlled facility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Blood sampling was performed hourly for 24 hours to obtain the serum concentrations of phosphorus, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and calcidiol. Results were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models to determine the significance of diurnal variation and associations between serum phosphorus concentrations and other metabolites over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diurnal variation in serum phosphorus concentration was noted with an apex around 11:00 followed by gradually declining concentrations to reach the nadir around 23:00. The serum phosphorus concentration again increased through the early morning on the next day. An approximately 25% difference in serum phosphorus concentration at the apex and the nadir was documented. A non-linear relationship between the serum concentrations of phosphorus and ionized calcium over time was identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diurnal variations of serum phosphorus concentration and associations between the trending of serum phosphorus and ionized calcium concentrations were evident in a group of clinically healthy adult cats housed in a controlled environment. These findings can help in the interpretation of clinical and research data regarding calcium and phosphorus metabolism and kidney health in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3153-3161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krystle L. Reagan, Terza Brostoff, Jully Pires, Amy Rose, Diego Castillo, Brian G. Murphy
Background
Before the discovery of effective antiviral drugs, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was a uniformly fatal disease of cats. Multiple antiviral treatments have been recognized, but optimization of treatment protocols is needed.
Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of PO molnupiravir (MPV; EIDD-2801) to treat effusive FIP.
Animals
Ten cats with naturally occurring effusive FIP and 10 historical control cats with effusive FIP treated with PO GS-441524.
Methods
A single-center, prospective, open-label longitudinal, non-inferiority trial with historical controls. Ten cats with FIP were enrolled and treated with PO MPV (10-15 mg/kg PO q12h) for 84 days. Cats were evaluated at 0, 6, and 16 weeks, and the proportion of cats in clinical remission at 16 weeks was determined. Survival and clinicopathologic features were compared with historical control cats with effusive FIP treated with PO GS-441524.
Results
Eight of the 10 cats treated with MPV survived and were in remission at 16 weeks. The 2 non-survivors died in the first 24 hours of treatment. No adverse events that necessitated discontinuation of treatment were observed. Survival of cats treated with PO MPV was non-inferior to historic control cats treated with PO GS-441524 (5/9 [55%] survived), with a difference in survival of 25% (90% confidence interval, −9.3% to 59.3%). Clinicopathologic features associated with FIP normalized during the study period, and no differences in clinicopathologic data at each study time point were observed when comparing cats treated with MPV and GS-441524.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Molnupiravir is an effective antiviral treatment for effusive FIP.
背景：在发现有效的抗病毒药物之前，猫传染性腹膜炎（FIP）是一种致命的猫病。人们已经认识到多种抗病毒治疗方法，但仍需优化治疗方案：评估 PO molnupiravir（MPV；EIDD-2801）治疗流脓性 FIP 的疗效：动物：10 只患有自然流出性 FIP 的猫和 10 只患有流出性 FIP 并接受 PO GS-441524 治疗的历史对照组猫：方法：单中心、前瞻性、开放标签纵向非劣效性试验，并设历史对照。十只患有 FIP 的猫被纳入试验，接受 PO MPV（10-15 mg/kg PO q12h）治疗 84 天。在 0、6 和 16 周时对猫咪进行评估，并确定 16 周时临床缓解的猫咪比例。将存活率和临床病理特征与使用 PO GS-441524 治疗流脓性 FIP 的历史对照组进行比较：结果：接受 MPV 治疗的 10 只猫中有 8 只存活下来，并在 16 周时病情得到缓解。2只未存活的猫在治疗后24小时内死亡。没有观察到需要停止治疗的不良反应。接受 PO MPV 治疗的猫的存活率不低于接受 PO GS-441524 治疗的历史对照组猫（5/9 [55%] 存活），存活率相差 25%（90% 置信区间，-9.3% 至 59.3%）。在研究期间，与 FIP 相关的临床病理特征趋于正常，在比较使用 MPV 和 GS-441524 治疗的猫时，未观察到各研究时间点的临床病理数据存在差异：结论和临床意义：莫鲁拉韦是治疗流脓型 FIP 的有效抗病毒药物。
{"title":"Open label clinical trial of orally administered molnupiravir as a first-line treatment for naturally occurring effusive feline infectious peritonitis","authors":"Krystle L. Reagan, Terza Brostoff, Jully Pires, Amy Rose, Diego Castillo, Brian G. Murphy","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Before the discovery of effective antiviral drugs, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) was a uniformly fatal disease of cats. Multiple antiviral treatments have been recognized, but optimization of treatment protocols is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the efficacy of PO molnupiravir (MPV; EIDD-2801) to treat effusive FIP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten cats with naturally occurring effusive FIP and 10 historical control cats with effusive FIP treated with PO GS-441524.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single-center, prospective, open-label longitudinal, non-inferiority trial with historical controls. Ten cats with FIP were enrolled and treated with PO MPV (10-15 mg/kg PO q12h) for 84 days. Cats were evaluated at 0, 6, and 16 weeks, and the proportion of cats in clinical remission at 16 weeks was determined. Survival and clinicopathologic features were compared with historical control cats with effusive FIP treated with PO GS-441524.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eight of the 10 cats treated with MPV survived and were in remission at 16 weeks. The 2 non-survivors died in the first 24 hours of treatment. No adverse events that necessitated discontinuation of treatment were observed. Survival of cats treated with PO MPV was non-inferior to historic control cats treated with PO GS-441524 (5/9 [55%] survived), with a difference in survival of 25% (90% confidence interval, −9.3% to 59.3%). Clinicopathologic features associated with FIP normalized during the study period, and no differences in clinicopathologic data at each study time point were observed when comparing cats treated with MPV and GS-441524.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Molnupiravir is an effective antiviral treatment for effusive FIP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3087-3094"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142349226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Forum and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ACVIM. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts.
{"title":"2024 ACVIM Forum Research Report Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17177","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Forum and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ACVIM. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts.</p><p><b>2024 ACVIM Forum</b></p><p><b>June 5–October 31, 2024</b></p><p><b>Research Report Program</b></p><p><b>Index of Abstracts</b></p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2823-2839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angie Lorena Medina-Bolívar, Rafael Resende Faleiros, José Ramon Martínez-Aranzales
Background
Limited information is available on gastric diseases in neonatal foals as compared with extensive studies in young, adult, and geriatric horses. Reports on fetuses are scarce.
Objectives
Assess at necropsy stomachs of horse, donkey and mule fetuses in the third trimester of gestation to characterize lesions present during intrauterine life.
Animals
Forty-six fetal stomachs from both sexes (21 horses, 21 donkeys, and 4 mules) in the third trimester of gestation were collected from a processing plant immediately after slaughter.
Methods
Measurements of longitudinal and transverse axes, weight and volume and gastric fluid pH were taken, and glandular and squamous mucosae were inspected. All findings of the gastric mucosa and measurements of the stomachs were presented descriptively. Groups were compared statistically, with significance level set at P < .05 for all evaluations.
Results
All gastric contents had pH >5.8, and mules had larger stomachs and higher weights compared with horses (P < .05). Macroscopic lesions were classified as hyperemic, punctate, and erosive. Histopathologically, lesions were consistent with a chronic inflammatory process.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Our study provides evidence of macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the gastric mucosae of equid fetuses in the last trimester of gestation. Relevant information for perinatology and neonatology is provided regarding the prevalence and classification of preulcerous lesions in equids before birth.
{"title":"Macroscopic and histopathological description of gastric lesions in horse, donkey, and mule fetuses in the last trimester of gestation","authors":"Angie Lorena Medina-Bolívar, Rafael Resende Faleiros, José Ramon Martínez-Aranzales","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited information is available on gastric diseases in neonatal foals as compared with extensive studies in young, adult, and geriatric horses. Reports on fetuses are scarce.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess at necropsy stomachs of horse, donkey and mule fetuses in the third trimester of gestation to characterize lesions present during intrauterine life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-six fetal stomachs from both sexes (21 horses, 21 donkeys, and 4 mules) in the third trimester of gestation were collected from a processing plant immediately after slaughter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measurements of longitudinal and transverse axes, weight and volume and gastric fluid pH were taken, and glandular and squamous mucosae were inspected. All findings of the gastric mucosa and measurements of the stomachs were presented descriptively. Groups were compared statistically, with significance level set at <i>P</i> < .05 for all evaluations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All gastric contents had pH >5.8, and mules had larger stomachs and higher weights compared with horses (<i>P</i> < .05). Macroscopic lesions were classified as hyperemic, punctate, and erosive. Histopathologically, lesions were consistent with a chronic inflammatory process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study provides evidence of macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the gastric mucosae of equid fetuses in the last trimester of gestation. Relevant information for perinatology and neonatology is provided regarding the prevalence and classification of preulcerous lesions in equids before birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3288-3296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ri O. Scarborough, Kirsten E. Bailey, Anna Ellen Sri, Glenn Francis Browning, Laura Y. Hardefeldt
Background
Minimizing harm from antimicrobials requires use of the narrowest spectrum drug, at an effective dose for the minimum effective duration. Many prescribers are not currently following these guidelines. To address suboptimal antimicrobial use, the underlying reasons must be understood.
Objectives
To identify factors influencing choices of antimicrobial drug, dose, and duration for companion animals.
Subjects
Twenty-two veterinarians treating companion animals in Australia. Diversity of participants was deliberately sought.
Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted online. Two case studies were discussed, and then a range of broader questions was posed. Transcripts were analyzed thematically, using an inductive approach.
Results
Few participants chose guideline-concordant management for the case studies. Prescribing choices were influenced by a complex array of factors associated with the clinical case, pet owner, drug, veterinarian, veterinary colleagues, and external factors. Key factors driving broad-spectrum antimicrobial use included a sense of safety, habit, ease of administering the drug (especially in cats), pharmaceutical marketing, and the self-perpetuating dispensary cycle. Many participants were concerned about antimicrobial resistance, but insufficiently informed about how to minimize this risk. Several participants believed that longer duration of treatment and ensuring patients finish a predetermined course would decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance and improve clinical outcomes.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Veterinarians are engaged with the concept of antimicrobial stewardship, but face numerous practical barriers and require more information. In particular, improved education is needed on enhancing patient safety by minimizing both spectrum of activity and duration of treatment, and dispelling myths about “finishing the course.”
{"title":"Seeking simplicity, navigating complexity: How veterinarians select an antimicrobial drug, dose, and duration for companion animals","authors":"Ri O. Scarborough, Kirsten E. Bailey, Anna Ellen Sri, Glenn Francis Browning, Laura Y. Hardefeldt","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Minimizing harm from antimicrobials requires use of the narrowest spectrum drug, at an effective dose for the minimum effective duration. Many prescribers are not currently following these guidelines. To address suboptimal antimicrobial use, the underlying reasons must be understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify factors influencing choices of antimicrobial drug, dose, and duration for companion animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Subjects</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two veterinarians treating companion animals in Australia. Diversity of participants was deliberately sought.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semistructured interviews were conducted online. Two case studies were discussed, and then a range of broader questions was posed. Transcripts were analyzed thematically, using an inductive approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Few participants chose guideline-concordant management for the case studies. Prescribing choices were influenced by a complex array of factors associated with the clinical case, pet owner, drug, veterinarian, veterinary colleagues, and external factors. Key factors driving broad-spectrum antimicrobial use included a sense of safety, habit, ease of administering the drug (especially in cats), pharmaceutical marketing, and the self-perpetuating dispensary cycle. Many participants were concerned about antimicrobial resistance, but insufficiently informed about how to minimize this risk. Several participants believed that longer duration of treatment and ensuring patients finish a predetermined course would decrease the risk of antimicrobial resistance and improve clinical outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Veterinarians are engaged with the concept of antimicrobial stewardship, but face numerous practical barriers and require more information. In particular, improved education is needed on enhancing patient safety by minimizing both spectrum of activity and duration of treatment, and dispelling myths about “finishing the course.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3215-3234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire H. K. Zemek, Kate L. Kemp, François-René Bertin
Background
Characterizing the lipid response to an oral glucose test (OGT) might improve our understanding of Equine Metabolic Syndrome.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the effects of an OGT on lipid metabolism and determine the value of measuring triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in hyperinsulinemic (HI) and insulin-resistant (IR) horses.
Animals
Twenty horses including 7 HI-IR horses, 4 HI-non-IR horses, and 9 non-HI-non-IR horses (control).
Methods
Cross-sectional design. Horses underwent an OGT, with blood samples collected at 0, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, and NEFA concentrations were measured and compared over time and between groups, with P < .05 considered significant.
Results
In all horses, the OGT had a significant effect on triglyceride concentrations (median [interquartile range]: .35 [.30-.50] mmol/L at 0 minute vs .25 [.21-.37] mmol/L at 120 minutes, P = .005) and on NEFA concentrations (.1 [.1-.2] mEq/L at 0 minute vs .05 [.05-.1] mEq/L at 120 minutes, P = .0009). However, horses with HI and IR had higher triglyceride areas under the curve (AUC, 79.46 ± 46.59 vs 33.32 ± 6.75 mmol/L*min, P = .01) as well as NEFA AUC (9.1 ± 2.9 vs 6.0 ± 6.8 mEq/L*min, P = .03) than control horses. No significant difference was detected between control and HI non-IR horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Determining triglyceride and NEFA concentrations might help assess tissue insulin resistance during an OGT.
{"title":"Value of measuring markers of lipid metabolism in horses during an oral glucose test","authors":"Claire H. K. Zemek, Kate L. Kemp, François-René Bertin","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17199","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Characterizing the lipid response to an oral glucose test (OGT) might improve our understanding of Equine Metabolic Syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the effects of an OGT on lipid metabolism and determine the value of measuring triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in hyperinsulinemic (HI) and insulin-resistant (IR) horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty horses including 7 HI-IR horses, 4 HI-non-IR horses, and 9 non-HI-non-IR horses (control).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional design. Horses underwent an OGT, with blood samples collected at 0, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Insulin, glucose, triglyceride, and NEFA concentrations were measured and compared over time and between groups, with <i>P</i> < .05 considered significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In all horses, the OGT had a significant effect on triglyceride concentrations (median [interquartile range]: .35 [.30-.50] mmol/L at 0 minute vs .25 [.21-.37] mmol/L at 120 minutes, <i>P</i> = .005) and on NEFA concentrations (.1 [.1-.2] mEq/L at 0 minute vs .05 [.05-.1] mEq/L at 120 minutes, <i>P</i> = .0009). However, horses with HI and IR had higher triglyceride areas under the curve (AUC, 79.46 ± 46.59 vs 33.32 ± 6.75 mmol/L*min, <i>P</i> = .01) as well as NEFA AUC (9.1 ± 2.9 vs 6.0 ± 6.8 mEq/L*min, <i>P</i> = .03) than control horses. No significant difference was detected between control and HI non-IR horses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Determining triglyceride and NEFA concentrations might help assess tissue insulin resistance during an OGT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"3309-3314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gilad Segev, Hilla Chen, Jonathan D. Dear, Beatriz Martínez López, Jully Pires, David J. Klumpp, Anthony J. Schaeffer, Jodi L. Westropp
Background
Recurrent bacterial cystitis, often referred to as recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), can be difficult to manage and alternative treatments are needed.
Hypothesis/Objective
Intravesicular administration of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) E. coli 212 will not be inferior to antimicrobial treatment for the management of recurrent UTI in dogs.
Animals
Thirty-four dogs with >1 UTI in the 12 months before presentation.
Methods
All dogs were deemed normal otherwise based on absence of abnormalities on physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical panel, and abdominal ultrasonography. Dogs were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: Group 1 antimicrobials for 7 days or group 2 intravesicular administration of ASB E. coli 212. Owners were provided a voiding questionnaire regarding their dogs' clinical signs, which was completed daily for 14 days to assess clinical cure. Dogs were examined on days 7 and 14 to assess clinical cure, and urine specimens were submitted for urinalysis and bacterial culture.
Results
Clinical cure rates for ASB E. coli 212–treated dogs were not inferior to 7 days of antimicrobial treatment with a 12% margin of difference to determine non-inferiority. No significant difference was found between the treatment groups on days 7 and 14 in the proportion of dogs achieving ≥50% or ≥75% reduction in their clinical score compared with baseline.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These data suggest that intravesicular administration of ASB E. coli 212 is not inferior to antimicrobials for the treatment of recurrent UTI in dogs. This biotherapeutic agent could help alleviate the need for antimicrobials for some dogs with recurrent UTI, improving antimicrobial stewardship.
{"title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of a live Escherichia coli biotherapeutic product (asymptomatic bacteriuria E. coli 212)","authors":"Gilad Segev, Hilla Chen, Jonathan D. Dear, Beatriz Martínez López, Jully Pires, David J. Klumpp, Anthony J. Schaeffer, Jodi L. Westropp","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17167","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recurrent bacterial cystitis, often referred to as recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI), can be difficult to manage and alternative treatments are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intravesicular administration of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) <i>E. coli</i> 212 will not be inferior to antimicrobial treatment for the management of recurrent UTI in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-four dogs with >1 UTI in the 12 months before presentation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All dogs were deemed normal otherwise based on absence of abnormalities on physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical panel, and abdominal ultrasonography. Dogs were randomized to 1 of 2 treatment groups: Group 1 antimicrobials for 7 days or group 2 intravesicular administration of ASB <i>E. coli</i> 212. Owners were provided a voiding questionnaire regarding their dogs' clinical signs, which was completed daily for 14 days to assess clinical cure. Dogs were examined on days 7 and 14 to assess clinical cure, and urine specimens were submitted for urinalysis and bacterial culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical cure rates for ASB <i>E. coli</i> 212–treated dogs were not inferior to 7 days of antimicrobial treatment with a 12% margin of difference to determine non-inferiority. No significant difference was found between the treatment groups on days 7 and 14 in the proportion of dogs achieving ≥50% or ≥75% reduction in their clinical score compared with baseline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data suggest that intravesicular administration of ASB <i>E. coli</i> 212 is not inferior to antimicrobials for the treatment of recurrent UTI in dogs. This biotherapeutic agent could help alleviate the need for antimicrobials for some dogs with recurrent UTI, improving antimicrobial stewardship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2548-2555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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