Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献_第5页

Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Non-Associative Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Prospective Controlled Study in 22 Dogs

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70002

Vasiliki Lantzaki, Emily A. Fulton, Mark McLaughlin, Euan D. Bennet, Elizabeth A. Conway, Alison E. Ridyard

Background

Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI.

Objectives

To evaluate uNGAL in dogs with non-associative immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and to evaluate whether uNGAL correlates with disease severity markers, negative prognostic indicators and outcome.

Animals

Twenty-two dogs with non-associative IMHA and 14 healthy dogs.

Methods

Prospective case–control study. uNGAL was measured by a commercially available ELISA-kit and corrected to urine creatinine (uNGAL to creatinine ratio [UNCR]). uNGAL and UNCR of IMHA cases were compared to that of healthy dogs and the correlation with other clinicopathological markers was evaluated. uNGAL and UNCR were also compared between dogs with a CHAOS or ASA score < 3 and ≥ 3.

Results

uNGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in dogs with IMHA when compared to healthy controls (uNGAL median 114.58 and 0.43 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001; UNCR median 174.87 and 0.13 ng/mg, respectively, p < 0.001). uNGAL and UNCR were moderately positively correlated with urea (p = 0.005, r = 0.58, 0.20–0.81 95% CI and p = 0.001, r = 0.64, 0.29–0.84 95% CI, respectively) and total bilirubin (p = 0.003, r = 0.60, 0.22–0.82 95% CI and p = 0.002, r = 0.62, 0.25–0.83 95% CI, respectively). These were also significantly higher in dogs with hemoglobinuria compared to those without (uNGAL: median 269 and 30.99 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001; UNCR: median 585.3 and 352 37.47 ng/mg, respectively, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in uNGAL or UNCR when assessing survival to discharge (p = 0.24 and p = 0.16, respectively, 95% CI).

Conclusions

This study suggests that renal injury might be underappreciated in dogs with IMHA.

{"title":"Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Non-Associative Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Prospective Controlled Study in 22 Dogs","authors":"Vasiliki Lantzaki, Emily A. Fulton, Mark McLaughlin, Euan D. Bennet, Elizabeth A. Conway, Alison E. Ridyard","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) is a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AKI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate uNGAL in dogs with non-associative immune mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and to evaluate whether uNGAL correlates with disease severity markers, negative prognostic indicators and outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two dogs with non-associative IMHA and 14 healthy dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective case–control study. uNGAL was measured by a commercially available ELISA-kit and corrected to urine creatinine (uNGAL to creatinine ratio [UNCR]). uNGAL and UNCR of IMHA cases were compared to that of healthy dogs and the correlation with other clinicopathological markers was evaluated. uNGAL and UNCR were also compared between dogs with a CHAOS or ASA score < 3 and ≥ 3.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>uNGAL and UNCR were significantly higher in dogs with IMHA when compared to healthy controls (uNGAL median 114.58 and 0.43 ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001; UNCR median 174.87 and 0.13 ng/mg, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001). uNGAL and UNCR were moderately positively correlated with urea (<i>p</i> = 0.005, <i>r</i> = 0.58, 0.20–0.81 95% CI and <i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>r</i> = 0.64, 0.29–0.84 95% CI, respectively) and total bilirubin (<i>p</i> = 0.003, <i>r</i> = 0.60, 0.22–0.82 95% CI and <i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>r</i> = 0.62, 0.25–0.83 95% CI, respectively). These were also significantly higher in dogs with hemoglobinuria compared to those without (uNGAL: median 269 and 30.99 ng/mL, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001; UNCR: median 585.3 and 352 37.47 ng/mg, respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in uNGAL or UNCR when assessing survival to discharge (<i>p</i> = 0.24 and <i>p</i> = 0.16, respectively, 95% CI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that renal injury might be underappreciated in dogs with IMHA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxidative stress in critically ill neonatal foals

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17297

David Wong, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, Cosette Faivre, Jamie Kopper, Katie Dersh, Theresa Beachler, Melissa Esser

Background

Oxidative injury occurs in septic people, but the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants has rarely been evaluated in foals.

Objectives/Hypothesis

To measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), biomarkers of oxidative injury, and antioxidants in neonatal foals. We hypothesized that ill foals would have higher blood concentrations of ROS and biomarkers of oxidative injury and lower concentrations of antioxidants compared to healthy foals.

Animals

Seventy-two hospitalized and 21 healthy neonatal foals.

Methods

Prospective cohort study. Reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide [H₂O₂]), biomarkers of oxidative injury (malondialdehyde [MDA], protein carbonyl), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione, and glutathione reductase [GR] and peroxidase [GPx]) were measured from foals at admission. Measured variables were compared between healthy and ill foals using a 1-way ANOVA by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.

Results

Ill foals (n = 51) had significantly higher mean concentrations of H₂O₂ (healthy 2.6 ± 1.4 nmol/mL, ill 6.8 ± 4.6 L nmol/mL; 95% CI), MDA (healthy 31.2 ± 14.4 nmol/mL, ill 114.3 ± 94.0 nmol/mL; 95% CI), and protein carbonyl (healthy 0.07 ± 0.01 nmol/mg protein, ill 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein, 95% CI). Significant lower CAT (healthy 0.4 ± 0.3 mU/mg protein, ill 0.02 ± 0.02 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), glutathione (healthy 238.5 ± 101.9 μg/mL, ill 110.7 ± 37.8 μg/mL, 95% CI; P < .0001), GR (healthy 1.6 ± 1.8 mU/mg protein, ill 0.4 ± 0.5 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), and GPx (healthy 0.01 ± 0.003 mU/mg protein, ill 0.007 ± 0.002 mU/mg protein, 95% CI) were also noted.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Oxidative stress and lower antioxidant concentrations occur in ill and bacteremic neonatal foals. These variables should be considered during the treatment of ill foals.

{"title":"Oxidative stress in critically ill neonatal foals","authors":"David Wong, Dipak Kumar Sahoo, Cosette Faivre, Jamie Kopper, Katie Dersh, Theresa Beachler, Melissa Esser","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative injury occurs in septic people, but the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants has rarely been evaluated in foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives/Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), biomarkers of oxidative injury, and antioxidants in neonatal foals. We hypothesized that ill foals would have higher blood concentrations of ROS and biomarkers of oxidative injury and lower concentrations of antioxidants compared to healthy foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-two hospitalized and 21 healthy neonatal foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective cohort study. Reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide [H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>]), biomarkers of oxidative injury (malondialdehyde [MDA], protein carbonyl), and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione, and glutathione reductase [GR] and peroxidase [GPx]) were measured from foals at admission. Measured variables were compared between healthy and ill foals using a 1-way ANOVA by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ill foals (n = 51) had significantly higher mean concentrations of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (healthy 2.6 ± 1.4 nmol/mL, ill 6.8 ± 4.6 L nmol/mL; 95% CI), MDA (healthy 31.2 ± 14.4 nmol/mL, ill 114.3 ± 94.0 nmol/mL; 95% CI), and protein carbonyl (healthy 0.07 ± 0.01 nmol/mg protein, ill 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol/mg protein, 95% CI). Significant lower CAT (healthy 0.4 ± 0.3 mU/mg protein, ill 0.02 ± 0.02 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), glutathione (healthy 238.5 ± 101.9 μg/mL, ill 110.7 ± 37.8 μg/mL, 95% CI; <i>P</i> < .0001), GR (healthy 1.6 ± 1.8 mU/mg protein, ill 0.4 ± 0.5 mU/mg protein, 95% CI), and GPx (healthy 0.01 ± 0.003 mU/mg protein, ill 0.007 ± 0.002 mU/mg protein, 95% CI) were also noted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxidative stress and lower antioxidant concentrations occur in ill and bacteremic neonatal foals. These variables should be considered during the treatment of ill foals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and comparison of fecal microbiota in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and age-matched controls

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17288

Wenqing Wang, Justine Gibson, Sara Horsman, Deirdre Mikkelsen, François-René Bertin

Background

Altered gut microbiota has been associated with dopaminergic degenerative diseases in people, but studies on horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) are lacking.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Investigate the effect of PPID on fecal microbiota in horses.

Animals

Nine horses with PPID and 13 age-matched control horses.

Methods

Prospective control study. Fecal samples were collected bimonthly. Microbial analysis used 16S rRNA sequencing to determine the relative abundance at genus and phylum levels, assess alpha and beta diversity and identify core microbiota.

Results

Horses with PPID had decreased relative abundances of Christensenellaceae R-7 group (median; 95% confidence interval [CI]: PPID, 2.04; 1.82-2.35 vs control, 2.54; 2.37-2.76; P = .02) and NK4A214 group (PPID, 2.21; 2.02-2.56 vs control, 2.62; 2.44-2.85; P = .05), and significant lower abundances of Romboutsia (log2FoldChange = −3.54; P = .04) and Peptococcaceae uncultured (log2FoldChange = −0.89; P = .04) by differential abundance analysis. However, the abundance of Fibrobacter (log2FoldChange = 0.74; P = .04) was significantly higher in the PPID group. A significant effect of PPID on beta diversity was observed (P = .004), whereas alpha diversity varied with months (P = .001). Seven unique genera were identified in horses with PPID and 12 in control horses.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The fecal microbial composition is altered in horses with PPID. These findings support the potential role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of PPID.

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引用次数: 0

Echocardiographic evaluation of the size of the main pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery in dogs with pulmonary hypertension

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17241

Giovanni Grosso, Rosalba Tognetti, Oriol Domenech, Andrea Della Pina, Federica Marchesotti, Valentina Patata, Tommaso Vezzosi

Background

Evaluating the size of the pulmonary artery (PA) is key for the echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the main PA (MPA) and right PA (RPA) sizes for the echocardiographic detection of PH in dogs, and to evaluate differences between precapillary and postcapillary PH dogs.

Animals

Four hundred four dogs; 136 controls and 268 with PH.

Methods

Prospective, multicenter, observational study. The MPA, maximum and minimum RPA diameter were normalized to body weight (MPA_N, RPAmax_N, and RPAmin_N). The MPA was also indexed to the ascending aorta (MPA/AO), while the RPA size was indexed to the aortic annulus (RPAmax/Aod and RPAmin/Aod). The right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADi) was also calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of PA parameters for PH was assessed through the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC). Measurement variability was assessed trough the coefficient of variation (CV).

Results

The RPADi, RPAmin_N, and RPAmin/Aod showed similar diagnostic accuracy for the detection of PH (AUC = 0.975, AUC = 0.971, and AUC = 0.953, respectively), higher than MPA/AO (AUC = 0.926), MPA_N (AUC = 0.880), RPAmax_N (AUC = 0.814), and RPAmax/Aod (AUC = 0.803; P < .05). Aside from RPAmax variables, no differences were found between precapillary and postcapillary PH. RPA size parameters showed lower CVs in comparison to MPA/AO and RPADi.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although MPA/AO showed an excellent sensitivity and specificity for the detection of PH, the RPAmin exhibited a higher diagnostic accuracy and less measurement variability, thus could represent a new useful parameter for the detection of PH in dogs.

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引用次数: 0

Insulin degludec 100 U/mL for treatment of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in dogs

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17303

Jocelyn Mott, Arnon Gal, Antonio Maria Tardo, Alisa Berg, Riley Claude, Alexis Hoelmer, Mei Lun Mui, Avin Arjoonsingh, Chen Gilor

Background

The advantages of insulin degludec 100 U/mL (IDeg100) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) include consistent release, predictable glucose-lowering effect, and minimal day-to-day variability.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To describe the use of IDeg100 in dogs with DM, level of diabetic control and adverse effects.

Animals

Thirty-three client-owned dogs with DM.

Methods

A prospective, multi-institutional, uncontrolled study of newly diagnosed or previously insulin-treated, with or without comorbidities and with or without concurrent medications. Clinical signs and continuous glucose monitoring data were monitored and guided insulin dose adjustments. A per-protocol analysis was performed.

Results

The final dose of IDeg100 in dogs was 1.3 U/kg (median, range, 0.4-2.2) achieved in 14 days (median, range, 3-32). Seventy-nine percent (26/33) of the dogs had comorbidities with 42% (11/26) having more than 1 comorbidity. Sixty-four percent (21/33) of dogs were receiving concurrent medications with 62% (13/21) receiving more than 1 non-insulin medication. Seventy-six percent (25/33) were scored as having excellent/very good DM control. From baseline to study exit, dogs showed improvements in both ALIVE DM clinical score (from 3 [0-8, 96.49% CI (2-5)] to 1 [0-7, 96.49% CI (1-2)]; P = .0007) and average 3-day interstitial glucose (from 332.8 ± 68.7 mg/dL, 95% CI [308.8-357.2] to 229.0 ± 56.3 mg/dL [CI 209.0 - 248.9]; P < .0001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Insulin degludec 100 U/mL is effective for the treatment of dogs with DM. Eighty-four percent (28/33) of dogs responded to once daily dose of IDeg100 with low frequency of clinical hypoglycemia.

{"title":"Insulin degludec 100 U/mL for treatment of spontaneous diabetes mellitus in dogs","authors":"Jocelyn Mott, Arnon Gal, Antonio Maria Tardo, Alisa Berg, Riley Claude, Alexis Hoelmer, Mei Lun Mui, Avin Arjoonsingh, Chen Gilor","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17303","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The advantages of insulin degludec 100 U/mL (IDeg100) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) include consistent release, predictable glucose-lowering effect, and minimal day-to-day variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the use of IDeg100 in dogs with DM, level of diabetic control and adverse effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three client-owned dogs with DM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective, multi-institutional, uncontrolled study of newly diagnosed or previously insulin-treated, with or without comorbidities and with or without concurrent medications. Clinical signs and continuous glucose monitoring data were monitored and guided insulin dose adjustments. A per-protocol analysis was performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final dose of IDeg100 in dogs was 1.3 U/kg (median, range, 0.4-2.2) achieved in 14 days (median, range, 3-32). Seventy-nine percent (26/33) of the dogs had comorbidities with 42% (11/26) having more than 1 comorbidity. Sixty-four percent (21/33) of dogs were receiving concurrent medications with 62% (13/21) receiving more than 1 non-insulin medication. Seventy-six percent (25/33) were scored as having excellent/very good DM control. From baseline to study exit, dogs showed improvements in both ALIVE DM clinical score (from 3 [0-8, 96.49% CI (2-5)] to 1 [0-7, 96.49% CI (1-2)]; <i>P</i> = .0007) and average 3-day interstitial glucose (from 332.8 ± 68.7 mg/dL, 95% CI [308.8-357.2] to 229.0 ± 56.3 mg/dL [CI 209.0 - 248.9]; <i>P</i> < .0001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insulin degludec 100 U/mL is effective for the treatment of dogs with DM. Eighty-four percent (28/33) of dogs responded to once daily dose of IDeg100 with low frequency of clinical hypoglycemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

17th European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) Congress Copenhagen, Denmark 14-16 November 2024 第17届欧洲马内科学院（ECEIM）大会，丹麦哥本哈根，2024年11月14-16日。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17292

The European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) Congress and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer-reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ECEIM. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts.

Oral Presentation

Friday 15 November 2024, 11.30-11.45

Poster Presentation 1

引用次数: 0

Pimobendan oral solution is bioequivalent to pimobendan chewable tablets in beagle dogs 比格犬口服哌摩苯丹溶液与哌摩苯丹咀嚼片具有生物等效性。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17248

Olaf Kuhlmann, Michael Markert

Background

Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is frequently diagnosed in small breed dogs. Pimobendan oral solution has been developed to improve dosing accuracy in small and toy breed dogs.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Demonstrate bioequivalence of pimobendan oral solution with pimobendan chewable tablets using a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic study in healthy purpose bred dogs.

Animals

In the pharmacokinetic study, 24 beagle dogs were dosed in a 4-period crossover design. In the pharmacodynamic study, 4 mongrel and 2 beagle dogs implanted with telemetry probes were included in a 2-way crossover design.

Methods

Both studies were designed as prospective, randomized crossover trials. Dogs were given single doses of 5 mg/dog of either formulation followed by serial blood sampling for determination of pimobendan and O-desmethyl-pimobendan (ODMP; main metabolite). Because of high variability in the pharmacokinetics, the reference scaled average bioequivalence (RSABE) method was applied. For the pharmacodynamic study, animals were dosed with 0.25 mg/kg of either formulation. Baseline corrected left ventricular maximal pressure (LVdP/dt_max) and heart rate were recorded continuously and compared with a predefined bioequivalence threshold.

Results

Pimobendan was verified as a high variability drug. Based on the RSABE method, both formulations were bioequivalent. Pharmacodynamic results supported bioequivalence.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The novel oral solution of pimobendan was found to be bioequivalent, both applying the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) supported RSABE method and based on pharmacodynamic data. Thus, the novel liquid formulation can be used to facilitate accurate dosing of small and toy breed dogs.

背景：粘液瘤性二尖瓣疾病（MMVD）在小品种犬中经常被诊断出来。匹摩苯丹口服液已开发，以提高剂量的准确性在小型和玩具品种的狗。假设/目的：通过对健康目的犬的药代动力学和药效学研究，证明匹莫苯丹口服液与匹莫苯丹咀嚼片的生物等效性。动物：在药代动力学研究中，24只比格犬在4期交叉设计中给药。在药效学研究中，4只杂种狗和2只小猎犬被植入遥测探针，采用双向交叉设计。方法：两项研究均设计为前瞻性、随机交叉试验。给狗单次剂量5 mg/只，然后连续采血测定匹莫苯丹和o -去甲基匹莫苯丹（ODMP）；主要代谢物)。由于药代动力学的高变异性，采用参考标度平均生物等效性（RSABE）方法。在药效学研究中，动物被给予0.25 mg/kg的任一制剂。连续记录基线校正左室最大压（LVdP/dtmax）和心率，并与预先设定的生物等效阈值进行比较。结果：匹莫苯丹是一种高变异性药物。基于RSABE方法，两种制剂具有生物等效性。药效学结果支持生物等效性。结论及临床意义：采用美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）支持的RSABE方法和基于药效学数据，发现新型匹莫苯丹口服液具有生物等效性。因此，该新型液体制剂可用于促进小型犬和玩具犬的精确给药。

{"title":"Pimobendan oral solution is bioequivalent to pimobendan chewable tablets in beagle dogs","authors":"Olaf Kuhlmann, Michael Markert","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17248","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17248","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is frequently diagnosed in small breed dogs. Pimobendan oral solution has been developed to improve dosing accuracy in small and toy breed dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Demonstrate bioequivalence of pimobendan oral solution with pimobendan chewable tablets using a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic study in healthy purpose bred dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the pharmacokinetic study, 24 beagle dogs were dosed in a 4-period crossover design. In the pharmacodynamic study, 4 mongrel and 2 beagle dogs implanted with telemetry probes were included in a 2-way crossover design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both studies were designed as prospective, randomized crossover trials. Dogs were given single doses of 5 mg/dog of either formulation followed by serial blood sampling for determination of pimobendan and O-desmethyl-pimobendan (ODMP; main metabolite). Because of high variability in the pharmacokinetics, the reference scaled average bioequivalence (RSABE) method was applied. For the pharmacodynamic study, animals were dosed with 0.25 mg/kg of either formulation. Baseline corrected left ventricular maximal pressure (LVdP/dt<sub>max</sub>) and heart rate were recorded continuously and compared with a predefined bioequivalence threshold.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pimobendan was verified as a high variability drug. Based on the RSABE method, both formulations were bioequivalent. Pharmacodynamic results supported bioequivalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The novel oral solution of pimobendan was found to be bioequivalent, both applying the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) supported RSABE method and based on pharmacodynamic data. Thus, the novel liquid formulation can be used to facilitate accurate dosing of small and toy breed dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11747864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survival of radioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats that are euthyroid and hypothyroid after treatment, and effect of levothyroxine supplementation on survival time of cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism 放射性碘治疗后甲状腺功能亢进和甲状腺功能减退猫的生存及补充左旋甲状腺素对医源性甲状腺功能减退猫生存时间的影响

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17295

Sarah E. Cox, Jennifer Wakeling, Teresa Hall, Tim L. Williams

Background

Hyperthyroid cats that are azotemic and hypothyroid after surgical or medical treatment have poor outcomes, and supplementation with levothyroxine (LT4) improves survival. However, the effect of LT4 supplementation on survival of nonazotemic, hypothyroid radioiodine (RI)-treated hyperthyroid cats is unknown.

Hypothesis

Radioiodine treated hyperthyroid cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism or azotemia have shorter survival times than euthyroid, nonazotemic cats and supplementation of LT4 improves survival times of hypothyroid cats.

Animals

One hundred seventeen RI treated hyperthyroid cats.

Methods

Prospective cohort study. Radioiodine treated cats were screened for azotemia and iatrogenic hypothyroidism using TSH stimulation test; LT4 supplementation was offered to all hypothyroid cats with decision to treat based on owner preference. The log rank test was used to compare survival times between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare age and renal variables. Data are presented as median [range].

Results

Euthyroid azotemic cats (934 [759-2035] days) and nonsupplemented hypothyroid cats (azotemic and nonazotemic combined, 1232 [238-2363] days) had shorter survival times than euthyroid nonazotemic cats (1616 [663-3369] days, P = .003 and P = .002, respectively). Levothyroxine supplemented hypothyroid nonazotemic cats had longer survival times than nonsupplemented hypothyroid nonazotemic cats (1037 [300-2401] days vs 768 [34-1014] days; P = .027). Levothyroxine supplementation was not associated with prolonged survival times in hypothyroid azotemic cats vs nonsupplemented hypothyroid azotemic cats (771 [718-1558] days vs 152 [82-1852] days, respectively, P = .991).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Levothyroxine supplementation in nonazotemic cats with iatrogenic hypothyroidism (diagnosed based on TSH stimulation test results) improved survival times, although randomized controlled trials are needed.

背景：手术或药物治疗后azotemic和甲状腺功能减退的甲亢猫预后较差，补充左旋甲状腺素（LT4）可提高生存率。然而，补充LT4对非氮化、甲状腺功能低下的放射性碘（RI）治疗的甲状腺功能亢进猫的生存影响尚不清楚。假设：放射性碘治疗的甲状腺功能亢进猫合并医源性甲状腺功能减退或氮化症的生存时间比甲状腺功能正常和非氮化症的猫短，补充LT4可以提高甲状腺功能减退猫的生存时间。动物：117只RI治疗甲状腺功能亢进的猫。方法：前瞻性队列研究。用TSH刺激试验筛选放射性碘治疗猫氮血症和医源性甲状腺功能减退症；所有甲状腺功能减退的猫都补充了LT4，并根据主人的偏好决定治疗。采用log rank检验比较组间生存时间，采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较年龄和肾脏变量。数据以中位数[范围]表示。结果：甲状腺功能正常的猫（934[759-2035]天）和未补充的甲状腺功能低下的猫（氮化和非氮化合并，1232[238-2363]天）的生存时间比甲状腺功能正常的猫（1616[663-3369]天）短，P =。003, P =。002年,分别)。补充左甲状腺素的甲状腺功能减退猫比未补充左甲状腺素的甲状腺功能减退猫存活时间更长（1037[300-2401]天vs 768[34-1014]天）；p = 0.027)。与未补充左甲状腺素的低甲状腺氮化猫相比，补充左甲状腺素与延长生存时间无关（分别为771[718-1558]天和152[82-1852]天，P = .991）。结论和临床意义：尽管需要随机对照试验，但补充左旋甲状腺素对患有医源性甲状腺功能减退症（根据TSH刺激试验结果诊断）的非氮化猫的生存时间延长。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma amino acid profiles of dogs with the hepatocutaneous syndrome and dogs with other chronic liver diseases 肝皮综合征犬和其他慢性肝病犬的血浆氨基酸谱

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17285

Rommaneeya Leela-arporn, Karah Burns DeMarle, Cailin R. Heinze, Cynthia R. L. Webster

Background

Dogs with hepatocutaneous syndrome (HCS) have marked plasma hypoaminoacidemia, but its occurrence in dogs with chronic liver diseases not associated with HCS (non-HCS CLD) is unknown.

Objectives

To determine if plasma hypoaminoacidemia occurs in dogs with non-HCS CLD, compare plasma amino acid (PAA) profiles between dogs with non-HCS CLD and HCS, and define a sensitive and specific PAA pattern for diagnosing HCS.

Animals

Data were collected from client-owned dogs, a prospective cohort of 32 with CLD and 1 with HCS, and a retrospective cohort of 7 with HCS.

Methods

Prospective study. Dogs with chronic serum liver enzyme increases were recruited after hepatic biopsy. Plasma amino acid profiles were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma amino acid concentrations were compared between dogs with non-HCS CLD and HCS. Regression analysis was performed to identify a unique PAA pattern for HCS diagnosis.

Results

Twelve dogs each with vacuolar hepatopathy or chronic hepatitis and 8 dogs with congenital disorders (primary hypoplasia of the portal vein or ductal plate malformations) were enrolled. Compared to non-HCS CLD dogs, HCS dogs had significantly lower plasma concentrations of several amino acids. Regression analysis revealed that glutamine, glycine, citrulline, arginine, and proline concentrations less than 30% of the mean reference value had 100% sensitivity, specificity for diagnosing HCS.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Generalized plasma hypoaminoacidemia does not accompany non-HCS CLD. Concentrations of 5 specific amino acids less than 30% of the mean reference value can serve as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing HCS.

背景：患有肝皮综合征（HCS）的狗有明显的血浆低胺酸血症，但在与HCS无关的慢性肝病狗（非HCS CLD）中是否发生尚不清楚。目的：确定非HCS型CLD犬是否存在血浆低胺酸血症，比较非HCS型CLD犬与HCS型CLD犬的血浆氨基酸（PAA）谱，确定诊断HCS的敏感特异性PAA模式。动物：数据来自客户拥有的狗，32只CLD和1只HCS的前瞻性队列，7只HCS的回顾性队列。方法：前瞻性研究。在肝活检后招募慢性血清肝酶升高的狗。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆氨基酸谱。比较非HCS型CLD和HCS型CLD犬的血浆氨基酸浓度。进行回归分析以确定HCS诊断的独特PAA模式。结果：空泡性肝病、慢性肝炎犬各12只，先天性疾病（门静脉原发性发育不全或导管板畸形）犬8只。与非HCS CLD狗相比，HCS狗的血浆中几种氨基酸浓度显著降低。回归分析显示，谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、瓜氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸浓度低于平均参考值的30%，诊断HCS的敏感性和特异性为100%。结论及临床意义：广泛性血浆低胺酸血症不伴有非hcs型CLD。5种特定氨基酸浓度低于平均参考值的30%可作为诊断HCS的无创生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Orally administered prednisolone decreases plasma arginine vasopressin and serum copeptin concentrations in healthy dogs

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17304

Mathieu Victor Paulin, Dorsa Mehrabanpour, Suraj Unniappan, Elisabeth C. R. Snead

Background

The pathophysiology of polyuria and polydipsia secondary to exogenous glucocorticoid excess is incompletely understood.

Objective

Investigate plasma AVP (pAVP) and serum CoP (sCoP) concentrations in healthy dogs before, during, and after abrupt discontinuation of a long-term course of orally administered prednisolone.

Animals

Eight healthy neutered young adult research Beagles.

Methods

In our prospective longitudinal study, Beagles were treated with a placebo PO q24h for 15 days (baseline), followed by a 35-day course of prednisolone (2.35-2.75 mg/kg PO q24h) and then abrupt discontinuation of prednisolone. Serial pAVP and sCoP concentrations, urine specific gravity (USG) and calculated plasma osmolality (pOsm_calculated) were determined during placebo and prednisolone administration, and up to 4 weeks after prednisolone discontinuation. Paired plasma samples for pAVP measurement were obtained in EDTA tubes with (pAVP_P800) and without (pAVP_EDTA) a proprietary combination of protease, esterase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (BD Biosciences P800).

Results

Mean pAVP_P800 and sCoP concentrations were significantly lower at the end of the prednisolone course (25.8 ± 8.1 pg/mL and 166 pg/mL, range, 131-223) vs baseline (34.1 ± 5.4 pg/mL and 243 pg/mL, range, 157-336; P = .02, P = .02, respectively). Correlations between pAVP_P800 and sCoP (r = .77, P = .001) and pAVP_P800 and USG (r = .61, P = .02) were positive, despite no correlation between pAVP_P800 and pOsm_calculated, sCoP and pOsm_calculated, and sCoP and USG. On paired samples, mean pAVP_EDTA was significantly lower (5.0 ± 2.5 pg/mL) than mean pAVP_P800 (34.1 ± 5.4 pg/mL; P < .0001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Orally administered prednisolone led to markedly decreased plasma AVP and serum CoP concentrations despite increased calculated plasma osmolality and stable systolic blood pressure.

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