Iron-limited erythropoiesis (ILE) is a common condition in dogs and cats, which can lead to anemia; therefore, monitoring with erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices is recommended.
Objectives
To compare the values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean reticulocyte volume (MCVr), and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) in dogs and cats with ILE.
Methods
Systemative review and meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic search using PRISMA criteria in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to 2024. It focused on erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices, such as MCV, MCVr, and CHr, in dogs and cats with ILE.
Results
This meta-analysis included eight articles. For dogs, the random effect sizes were 2.86 (0.55–5.18) for MCV, 2.18 (0.87–3.58) for MCVr, and 4.73 (1.37–8.08) for CHr. For cats, the effect sizes were 0.85 (0.19–1.5) for MCV, 3.45 (0.49–6.41) for MCVr, and 2.51 (0.29–4.74) for CHr. The analysis revealed I2 values of 97%, 94.3%, and 98.2% in dogs, and 63.1%, 93%, and 95.1% in cats, for MCV, MCVr, and CHr, respectively. The overall random effects were 1.98 for MCV, 2.54 for MCVr, and 3.87 for CHr.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance
The findings revealed significant differences in reticulocyte indices, MCVr in cats, and CHr in dogs between the ILE-affected and the healthy groups. Considerable variability among studies indicates caution in generalizing findings and makes conclusions less definitive.
{"title":"Iron-Limited Erythropoiesis in Dogs and Cats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence Examining Mean Corpuscular Volume, Mean Reticulocyte Volume, and Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content","authors":"Mahmood Ahmadi-hamedani, Majid Mirmohammadkhani, Khatereh Kafshdouzan, Parsa Amoozadeh, Yeganeh Heydarkhani","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Iron-limited erythropoiesis (ILE) is a common condition in dogs and cats, which can lead to anemia; therefore, monitoring with erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices is recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the values of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean reticulocyte volume (MCVr), and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) in dogs and cats with ILE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systemative review and meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic search using PRISMA criteria in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to 2024. It focused on erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices, such as MCV, MCVr, and CHr, in dogs and cats with ILE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This meta-analysis included eight articles. For dogs, the random effect sizes were 2.86 (0.55–5.18) for MCV, 2.18 (0.87–3.58) for MCVr, and 4.73 (1.37–8.08) for CHr. For cats, the effect sizes were 0.85 (0.19–1.5) for MCV, 3.45 (0.49–6.41) for MCVr, and 2.51 (0.29–4.74) for CHr. The analysis revealed <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> values of 97%, 94.3%, and 98.2% in dogs, and 63.1%, 93%, and 95.1% in cats, for MCV, MCVr, and CHr, respectively. The overall random effects were 1.98 for MCV, 2.54 for MCVr, and 3.87 for CHr.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings revealed significant differences in reticulocyte indices, MCVr in cats, and CHr in dogs between the ILE-affected and the healthy groups. Considerable variability among studies indicates caution in generalizing findings and makes conclusions less definitive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diane Pichard, Thibaud Robin, Kevin Le Boedec, Christelle Maurey, Maxime Kurtz, Fiona Da Riz, Stéphane Blot, Morgane Canonne-Guibert, Mario Cervone, Emilie Krafft, Jean-Luc Cadore, Loïc Desquilbet, Ghita Benchekroun
Background
Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a joint disease common in dogs. Although its prognosis is generally favorable, relapses are frequent, and predictive factors for relapse remain poorly characterized.
Objectives
To evaluate the outcome of medical management of IMPA in dogs and identify predictive factors for relapse.
Animals
Client-owned dogs diagnosed with non-associative IMPA between 2010 and 2022 across four veterinary referral centers.
Methods
This was a retrospective multicentric study. The data collected at the time of diagnosis, including signalment, clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory findings, and treatments, were analyzed. Relapse was defined as the recurrence of clinical signs, CRP levels above the reference range, or both after remission. Associations with time from remission to relapse were assessed using univariate and multivariable Cox models.
Results
Among 119 dogs, 114 (95.8%) achieved remission. Among the 85 dogs with relapse data, the median time to relapse was 6.5 months, with relapse rates of 43% at 6 months, 61% at 12 months, and 65% at 24 months. In the multivariable analysis, thrombocytosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 5.5 [2.0–15.0]95%, p < 0.001), lymphadenomegaly (aHR = 4.0 [1.5–11]95%, p = 0.006) and lameness (aHR = 3.9 [1.2–12.2]95%, p = 0.02) at initial admission were independently and significantly associated with time from remission to relapse.
Conclusion
This study highlights a favorable clinical outcome for dogs with non-associative IMPA with high remission rates but substantial relapse risks. Lameness, lymphadenomegaly, and thrombocytosis are associated with a greater risk of relapse.
免疫介导性多关节炎（IMPA）是犬类常见的一种关节疾病。虽然其预后一般良好，但复发频繁，复发的预测因素仍然缺乏特征。目的评价犬IMPA的医疗管理效果，并确定其复发的预测因素。2010年至2022年间，在四个兽医转诊中心，客户拥有的狗被诊断为非联想性IMPA。方法采用回顾性多中心研究。分析诊断时收集的数据，包括信号、临床表现、影像学和实验室结果以及治疗方法。复发定义为临床症状复发，CRP水平高于参考范围，或缓解后两者兼而有之。使用单变量和多变量Cox模型评估与缓解到复发时间的关系。结果119只犬中，114只（95.8%）获得缓解。在85只有复发数据的狗中，到复发的中位时间为6.5个月，6个月时复发率为43%，12个月时为61%，24个月时为65%。在多变量分析中，入院时血小板增多（校正危险比[aHR] = 5.5 [2.0-15.0]95%, p < 0.001）、淋巴结增生（aHR = 4.0 [1.5-11]95%, p = 0.006）和跛行（aHR = 3.9 [1.2-12.2]95%, p = 0.02）与缓解至复发时间独立且显著相关。结论：本研究强调了非相关性IMPA犬的良好临床结果，其缓解率高，但复发风险大。跛行、淋巴肿大和血小板增多与复发的危险性较大有关。
{"title":"Descriptive Analysis and Factors Associated With Relapse in Dogs With Presumptive Idiopathic Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis","authors":"Diane Pichard, Thibaud Robin, Kevin Le Boedec, Christelle Maurey, Maxime Kurtz, Fiona Da Riz, Stéphane Blot, Morgane Canonne-Guibert, Mario Cervone, Emilie Krafft, Jean-Luc Cadore, Loïc Desquilbet, Ghita Benchekroun","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a joint disease common in dogs. Although its prognosis is generally favorable, relapses are frequent, and predictive factors for relapse remain poorly characterized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the outcome of medical management of IMPA in dogs and identify predictive factors for relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Client-owned dogs diagnosed with non-associative IMPA between 2010 and 2022 across four veterinary referral centers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This was a retrospective multicentric study. The data collected at the time of diagnosis, including signalment, clinical presentation, imaging, and laboratory findings, and treatments, were analyzed. Relapse was defined as the recurrence of clinical signs, CRP levels above the reference range, or both after remission. Associations with time from remission to relapse were assessed using univariate and multivariable Cox models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 119 dogs, 114 (95.8%) achieved remission. Among the 85 dogs with relapse data, the median time to relapse was 6.5 months, with relapse rates of 43% at 6 months, 61% at 12 months, and 65% at 24 months. In the multivariable analysis, thrombocytosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 5.5 [2.0–15.0]<sub>95%</sub>, <i>p</i> < 0.001), lymphadenomegaly (aHR = 4.0 [1.5–11]<sub>95%</sub>, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and lameness (aHR = 3.9 [1.2–12.2]<sub>95%</sub>, <i>p</i> = 0.02) at initial admission were independently and significantly associated with time from remission to relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights a favorable clinical outcome for dogs with non-associative IMPA with high remission rates but substantial relapse risks. Lameness, lymphadenomegaly, and thrombocytosis are associated with a greater risk of relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew M. E. Steele, Marit F. van den Berg, Sara Galac, Ana M. Dordio, Anna Threlfall, Cláudia Gomes, Amanda Paul, Mirja Nolff, Nadja Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Ghita Benchekroun, Fergus Allerton, Beatriz Mendoza, Susanna Spence, Paula Valiente, Alisdair Boag, Federico Fracassi, Alejandra Carranza Valencia, Jorge Pena-Ramos, Ben Lloyd-Bradley, Mayank Seth, Jack Fawsitt, Fang Yu Foo, Romy M. Heilmann, Paolo Silverstrini, Aurélie Lyssens, Emilie Vangrinsven, Clara Casas-Acuna, Alenka Hrovat, Carolina Arenas, Mario Cervone, Carmel T. Mooney, Rodolfo O. Leal, Karolina Maria Piekos, Gerard Olivares, Guillame Ruiz, Sarah J. Caulfield, Sophie Keyte, Anaïs Lamoureux, Christopher J. Scudder, Ruth Gostelow
Background
The survival of dogs with pheochromocytoma (PCC) treated with adrenoreceptor antagonists has not been described or compared to surgically managed cases.
Hypothesis/Objectives
The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival of medically and surgically managed dogs with PCC and investigate factors associated with survival.
Animals
Two hundred fifty-five dogs with PCC, treated with alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists (AA) without adrenalectomy (Group 1, n = 75), adrenalectomy +/– AA (Group 2, n = 128), or neither treatment (Group 3, n = 52).
Methods
Retrospective, multicenter review of medical records. Median overall survival time (OST) for Groups 1 and 2 combined was calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates, and then compared between Group 1 and Group 2 using Log-Rank testing. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified factors associated with survival in Groups 1 and 2 individually and combined.
Results
Median OST for all cases was 854 (95% CI: 572–1136) days. Median OST was lower in Group 1 (247 days, 95% CI: 76–418 days) than in Group 2 (927 days, 95% CI: 587–1267 days; p < 0.001). In Group 2, 88/92 dogs (97.8%) that received presurgical AA treatment survived to discharge compared to 23/27 (85.2%) that did not receive AA pretreatment (p = 0.03). Lack of clinical signs at presentation was associated with increased survival in both groups combined (HR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.9; p = 0.02) and in Group 2 alone (HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7; p = 0.01).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dogs with PCC treated with adrenalectomy have longer survival compared to those managed with AA without adrenalectomy.
背景肾上腺受体拮抗剂治疗嗜铬细胞瘤（PCC）犬的存活率尚未被描述或与手术治疗病例进行比较。假设/目的本研究的目的是评估医学和外科治疗犬PCC的生存率，并探讨与生存率相关的因素。实验动物：255只患PCC的狗，分别接受不切除肾上腺的α -肾上腺受体拮抗剂（AA）治疗（第1组，n = 75）、肾上腺切除+/ - AA治疗（第2组，n = 128）或两者均不治疗（第3组，n = 52）。方法回顾性的、多中心的病历资料。使用Kaplan-Meier估计计算1组和2组的中位总生存时间（OST），然后使用Log-Rank检验比较1组和2组之间的差异。Cox比例风险分析确定了与1组和2组单独或联合生存相关的因素。结果所有病例的中位OST为854天（95% CI: 572-1136）。组1的中位OST（247天，95% CI: 76-418天）低于组2（927天，95% CI: 587-1267天；p < 0.001）。第2组术前AA治疗的88/92只（97.8%）存活至出院，未术前AA治疗的23/27只（85.2%）存活至出院（p = 0.03）。在两组合并（HR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 - 0.9; p = 0.02）和单独组2 （HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.7; p = 0.01）中，就诊时缺乏临床体征与生存率增加相关。结论及临床意义与未行肾上腺切除术的犬相比，行肾上腺切除术的犬PCC存活时间更长。
{"title":"A Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Survival in 255 Dogs With Pheochromocytoma Treated With Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists or Surgery (2010–2021)","authors":"Matthew M. E. Steele, Marit F. van den Berg, Sara Galac, Ana M. Dordio, Anna Threlfall, Cláudia Gomes, Amanda Paul, Mirja Nolff, Nadja Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Ghita Benchekroun, Fergus Allerton, Beatriz Mendoza, Susanna Spence, Paula Valiente, Alisdair Boag, Federico Fracassi, Alejandra Carranza Valencia, Jorge Pena-Ramos, Ben Lloyd-Bradley, Mayank Seth, Jack Fawsitt, Fang Yu Foo, Romy M. Heilmann, Paolo Silverstrini, Aurélie Lyssens, Emilie Vangrinsven, Clara Casas-Acuna, Alenka Hrovat, Carolina Arenas, Mario Cervone, Carmel T. Mooney, Rodolfo O. Leal, Karolina Maria Piekos, Gerard Olivares, Guillame Ruiz, Sarah J. Caulfield, Sophie Keyte, Anaïs Lamoureux, Christopher J. Scudder, Ruth Gostelow","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The survival of dogs with pheochromocytoma (PCC) treated with adrenoreceptor antagonists has not been described or compared to surgically managed cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival of medically and surgically managed dogs with PCC and investigate factors associated with survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two hundred fifty-five dogs with PCC, treated with alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists (AA) without adrenalectomy (Group 1, <i>n</i> = 75), adrenalectomy +/– AA (Group 2, <i>n</i> = 128), or neither treatment (Group 3, <i>n</i> = 52).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, multicenter review of medical records. Median overall survival time (OST) for Groups 1 and 2 combined was calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates, and then compared between Group 1 and Group 2 using Log-Rank testing. Cox proportional hazard analysis identified factors associated with survival in Groups 1 and 2 individually and combined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median OST for all cases was 854 (95% CI: 572–1136) days. Median OST was lower in Group 1 (247 days, 95% CI: 76–418 days) than in Group 2 (927 days, 95% CI: 587–1267 days; <i>p</i> < 0.001). In Group 2, 88/92 dogs (97.8%) that received presurgical AA treatment survived to discharge compared to 23/27 (85.2%) that did not receive AA pretreatment (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Lack of clinical signs at presentation was associated with increased survival in both groups combined (HR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.9; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and in Group 2 alone (HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7; <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with PCC treated with adrenalectomy have longer survival compared to those managed with AA without adrenalectomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riley Shugg, Steven W. Frederick, Sarah A. Moore, Lisa L. Powell
A 20-day-old, 0.26 kg intact female domestic shorthair kitten was presented for evaluation of labored breathing and decreased appetite. Physical examination and thoracic radiographs were consistent with bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and the cat was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and nutritional support through a nasogastric tube. Mild resistance was encountered during nasogastric tube placement before advancement to the premeasured length. Lateral thoracic radiographic examination of the thorax, neck, and head suggested the nasogastric tube had entered the calvarium through the cribriform plate and had become coiled. The nasogastric tube was immediately removed, with no acute decline in the kitten's neurologic status; however, the kitten ultimately died secondary to suspected respiratory failure. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging and necropsy confirmed the presence of severe pneumonia and marked cerebral and midbrain hemorrhage secondary to traumatic intracranial nasogastric tube placement.
{"title":"Inadvertent Intracranial Nasogastric Tube Placement Causing Traumatic Brain Injury in a Neonatal Cat","authors":"Riley Shugg, Steven W. Frederick, Sarah A. Moore, Lisa L. Powell","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 20-day-old, 0.26 kg intact female domestic shorthair kitten was presented for evaluation of labored breathing and decreased appetite. Physical examination and thoracic radiographs were consistent with bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and the cat was hospitalized and treated with antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and nutritional support through a nasogastric tube. Mild resistance was encountered during nasogastric tube placement before advancement to the premeasured length. Lateral thoracic radiographic examination of the thorax, neck, and head suggested the nasogastric tube had entered the calvarium through the cribriform plate and had become coiled. The nasogastric tube was immediately removed, with no acute decline in the kitten's neurologic status; however, the kitten ultimately died secondary to suspected respiratory failure. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging and necropsy confirmed the presence of severe pneumonia and marked cerebral and midbrain hemorrhage secondary to traumatic intracranial nasogastric tube placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steven E. Epstein, Barbara A. Byrne, Jane E. Sykes
Background
Bacteremia has been associated with many diseases in dogs, but contemporary data from a large and diverse population are lacking.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Report reasons for blood culture, protocols used, and diseases associated with a positive result in a tertiary referral institution. We hypothesized that larger volumes of blood, lack of previous antimicrobial administration, and changes in hematologic variables would be associated with increased rates of microbiological growth.
Animals
A total of 279 dogs from which 323 blood culture results were available.
Methods
For 180 submissions, patient and blood culture protocol data at the time of specimen collection were collected prospectively using a survey form. For 143 submissions, data were retrospectively collected.
Results
Microbial growth was noted in 55/323 (17%) submissions, with 35/55 (63.6%) interpreted as clinically relevant growth and 20 (36.4%) interpreted as contamination, resulting in an overall positive rate of 10.8%. Specimen volume (p = 0.01), white blood cell count (p < 0.001), and neutrophil count (p = 0.001) were positively associated with relevant growth. Diseases associated with relevant growth were suspected discospondylitis (30%, p = 0.05) and illness while on immunosuppressive drugs (44%, p = 0.004). Submissions performed to assess for bacteremia as a secondary cause of immune-mediated disease were less likely to yield relevant growth (0%, p = 0.004) than those performed for other reasons.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In this population, blood cultures were most likely to provide diagnostically useful information in dogs with suspected discospondylitis and those receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Specimen volume should be maximized to increase the likelihood of clinically relevant growth.
{"title":"Indications for Blood Cultures in Dogs and Associations With Positive Results in 323 Submissions","authors":"Steven E. Epstein, Barbara A. Byrne, Jane E. Sykes","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacteremia has been associated with many diseases in dogs, but contemporary data from a large and diverse population are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Report reasons for blood culture, protocols used, and diseases associated with a positive result in a tertiary referral institution. We hypothesized that larger volumes of blood, lack of previous antimicrobial administration, and changes in hematologic variables would be associated with increased rates of microbiological growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 279 dogs from which 323 blood culture results were available.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For 180 submissions, patient and blood culture protocol data at the time of specimen collection were collected prospectively using a survey form. For 143 submissions, data were retrospectively collected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microbial growth was noted in 55/323 (17%) submissions, with 35/55 (63.6%) interpreted as clinically relevant growth and 20 (36.4%) interpreted as contamination, resulting in an overall positive rate of 10.8%. Specimen volume (<i>p</i> = 0.01), white blood cell count (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and neutrophil count (<i>p</i> = 0.001) were positively associated with relevant growth. Diseases associated with relevant growth were suspected discospondylitis (30%, <i>p</i> = 0.05) and illness while on immunosuppressive drugs (44%, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Submissions performed to assess for bacteremia as a secondary cause of immune-mediated disease were less likely to yield relevant growth (0%, <i>p</i> = 0.004) than those performed for other reasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this population, blood cultures were most likely to provide diagnostically useful information in dogs with suspected discospondylitis and those receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Specimen volume should be maximized to increase the likelihood of clinically relevant growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An 8-year-old male neutered 37.4 kg mixed breed dog was presented for suspected ingestion of a large amount of naproxen (estimated at 235–294 mg/kg). The dog was treated using a combination of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and plasmaperfusion (PP). The exchange of 2 plasma volumes during 140 min of TPE resulted in a 46% decrease in blood naproxen concentration. Treatment of 1 plasma volume during the following 90 min of PP resulted in an additional 10.3% decrease in naproxen concentration. The patient developed mild gastrointestinal (GI) signs that were treated medically and was successfully discharged after 4 days of hospitalization with normal follow-up laboratory test results and physical examination findings. The combination of extracorporeal treatments decreased the plasma concentration of naproxen, but the additional decrease from PP may not have provided substantial benefit compared with other conventional treatments. No reports of PP, as an alternative to hemoperfusion (HP), in veterinary medicine currently are available.
{"title":"Treatment of Naproxen Overdose Using Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Plasmaperfusion in a Dog","authors":"Kelsea A. Studer, Christine Iacovetta","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An 8-year-old male neutered 37.4 kg mixed breed dog was presented for suspected ingestion of a large amount of naproxen (estimated at 235–294 mg/kg). The dog was treated using a combination of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and plasmaperfusion (PP). The exchange of 2 plasma volumes during 140 min of TPE resulted in a 46% decrease in blood naproxen concentration. Treatment of 1 plasma volume during the following 90 min of PP resulted in an additional 10.3% decrease in naproxen concentration. The patient developed mild gastrointestinal (GI) signs that were treated medically and was successfully discharged after 4 days of hospitalization with normal follow-up laboratory test results and physical examination findings. The combination of extracorporeal treatments decreased the plasma concentration of naproxen, but the additional decrease from PP may not have provided substantial benefit compared with other conventional treatments. No reports of PP, as an alternative to hemoperfusion (HP), in veterinary medicine currently are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jim Scott-Baumann, Alice H. Watson, Luis Mur, Harriet M. Syme
Background
Early diagnosis of hypertension remains an important problem in cats. Lack of routine blood pressure screening in primary care practice, and the possibility of white coat artifact mean the discovery of a new diagnostic test, if less sensitive to short-term changes in blood pressure associated with veterinary care, would be useful. Identification of metabolomic changes in hypertensive cats could advance understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension in cats, as well as identify novel biomarkers.
Objectives
Use untargeted metabolomics to identify biochemical changes in cat plasma and urine between normotensive controls (NT) and hypertensive cats before treatment (HTpre); HTpre and hypertensive cats treated with amlodipine (HTtx).
Animals
Biobanked surplus plasma and urine samples were selected from client-owned cats (> 9 years old) that were NT (urine n = 17, plasma n = 19), HTpre (urine n = 13, plasma n = 19), or HTtx (urine n = 12, plasma n = 19).
Methods
Samples were profiled using flow infusion electrospray—high-resolution mass spectrometry, and differences assessed using univariate (paired or two sample t-tests) and multivariate (partial least squares discriminant analysis) methods using the R-based MetaboAnalyst platform. Tentative identifications of metabolites then were made using the MZedDb database.
Results
Significant (false discovery adjusted < 0.01) biochemical differences were observed between each of the sample groups. Biochemical changes in urine between HTpre and NT animals were linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress, steroid hormones, taurine metabolism, and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate.
Conclusions
Metabolites altered in hypertensive cats were similar to those observed in other species.
{"title":"Untargeted Metabolic Profiling of Cat Urine and Plasma in Hypertension","authors":"Jim Scott-Baumann, Alice H. Watson, Luis Mur, Harriet M. Syme","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70227","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early diagnosis of hypertension remains an important problem in cats. Lack of routine blood pressure screening in primary care practice, and the possibility of white coat artifact mean the discovery of a new diagnostic test, if less sensitive to short-term changes in blood pressure associated with veterinary care, would be useful. Identification of metabolomic changes in hypertensive cats could advance understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension in cats, as well as identify novel biomarkers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Use untargeted metabolomics to identify biochemical changes in cat plasma and urine between normotensive controls (NT) and hypertensive cats before treatment (HTpre); HTpre and hypertensive cats treated with amlodipine (HTtx).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biobanked surplus plasma and urine samples were selected from client-owned cats (> 9 years old) that were NT (urine <i>n</i> = 17, plasma <i>n</i> = 19), HTpre (urine <i>n</i> = 13, plasma <i>n</i> = 19), or HTtx (urine <i>n</i> = 12, plasma <i>n</i> = 19).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Samples were profiled using flow infusion electrospray—high-resolution mass spectrometry, and differences assessed using univariate (paired or two sample <i>t</i>-tests) and multivariate (partial least squares discriminant analysis) methods using the R-based MetaboAnalyst platform. Tentative identifications of metabolites then were made using the MZedDb database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant (false discovery adjusted < 0.01) biochemical differences were observed between each of the sample groups. Biochemical changes in urine between HTpre and NT animals were linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress, steroid hormones, taurine metabolism, and phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolites altered in hypertensive cats were similar to those observed in other species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret Cook, Daniel L. Gustafson, Katie Kroeker, Sarah Shropshire, Kristin M. Zersen
Background
Grape-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by tartaric acid and may lead to death in dogs. Probenecid, an organic anion transporter-1 inhibitor, recently has been shown to block the uptake of tartaric acid in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells and has been suggested as a possible target for prevention of AKI after grape ingestion.
Hypothesis/Aims
Assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of PO probenecid in dogs. We hypothesized that probenecid would result in mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects and would be safe in healthy dogs. Additionally, we hypothesized that PO probenecid (50 mg/kg) would have adequate bioavailability and achieve pharmacologically active plasma drug concentrations.
Animals
Six healthy beagle dogs.
Methods
Pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Dogs were given 50 mg/kg of probenecid PO, with PK data collected for 48 h after administration. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and clinical monitoring were performed throughout a 21-day study period to assess safety. Plasma concentration versus time data was analyzed using non-compartmental and two-compartmental modeling.
Results
Orally administered probenecid had excellent estimated bioavailability (82.6%) and rapid absorption, with a mean maximal plasma concentration of 589.3 μM (range: 368.0–830.5 μM) within 1.5 h. The mean volume of distribution was 0.71 L/kg, with mean systemic clearance of 0.022 L/h/kg and mean half-life of 24.1 h. Probenecid was well tolerated by all six dogs, with no clinically relevant adverse effects noted.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Orally administered probenecid is safe and bioavailable in healthy dogs. Future clinical trials assessing PO probenecid in dogs with known tartaric acid ingestion are warranted.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single-Dose Oral Probenecid Administration in Healthy Dogs","authors":"Margaret Cook, Daniel L. Gustafson, Katie Kroeker, Sarah Shropshire, Kristin M. Zersen","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70221","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grape-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by tartaric acid and may lead to death in dogs. Probenecid, an organic anion transporter-1 inhibitor, recently has been shown to block the uptake of tartaric acid in Madin–Darby canine kidney cells and has been suggested as a possible target for prevention of AKI after grape ingestion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of PO probenecid in dogs. We hypothesized that probenecid would result in mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects and would be safe in healthy dogs. Additionally, we hypothesized that PO probenecid (50 mg/kg) would have adequate bioavailability and achieve pharmacologically active plasma drug concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six healthy beagle dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacokinetic (PK) study. Dogs were given 50 mg/kg of probenecid PO, with PK data collected for 48 h after administration. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, urinalysis, and clinical monitoring were performed throughout a 21-day study period to assess safety. Plasma concentration versus time data was analyzed using non-compartmental and two-compartmental modeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orally administered probenecid had excellent estimated bioavailability (82.6%) and rapid absorption, with a mean maximal plasma concentration of 589.3 μM (range: 368.0–830.5 μM) within 1.5 h. The mean volume of distribution was 0.71 L/kg, with mean systemic clearance of 0.022 L/h/kg and mean half-life of 24.1 h. Probenecid was well tolerated by all six dogs, with no clinically relevant adverse effects noted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orally administered probenecid is safe and bioavailable in healthy dogs. Future clinical trials assessing PO probenecid in dogs with known tartaric acid ingestion are warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean R. Teichner, Lisa L. Powell, Allison S. Mazepa
A 4-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was examined for hindlimb lameness, lethargy, poor appetite, and pyrexia 3 weeks after the removal of numerous ticks. Complete blood count revealed moderate thrombocytopenia and mild lymphopenia. A SNAP 4Dx test was negative for Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Dirofilaria immitis. Abdominal ultrasound identified moderate mesenteric lymphadenopathy and regionally hyperechoic mesentery. Joint fluid cytology raised concern for large cell lymphoma. Flow cytometry identified 37% aberrant large CD4+ T cells, suggesting lymphoma. PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) testing on the joint fluid confirmed clonal expansion of T cells, further supporting T-cell lymphoma. Peripheral blood PCR was positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The dog's clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities resolved after a 30-day treatment with doxycycline. After treatment, joint fluid analysis, including cytology and flow cytometry, was normal. This case highlights the importance of considering A. phagocytophilum as a differential diagnosis in dogs with a clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells, emphasizing the comprehensive diagnostic approach.
{"title":"Clonal T Cell Proliferation Induced by Acute Anaplasmosis in a Dog","authors":"Sean R. Teichner, Lisa L. Powell, Allison S. Mazepa","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 4-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was examined for hindlimb lameness, lethargy, poor appetite, and pyrexia 3 weeks after the removal of numerous ticks. Complete blood count revealed moderate thrombocytopenia and mild lymphopenia. A SNAP 4Dx test was negative <i>for Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia</i> spp., <i>Anaplasma</i> spp., and <i>Dirofilaria immitis</i>. Abdominal ultrasound identified moderate mesenteric lymphadenopathy and regionally hyperechoic mesentery. Joint fluid cytology raised concern for large cell lymphoma. Flow cytometry identified 37% aberrant large CD4+ T cells, suggesting lymphoma. PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) testing on the joint fluid confirmed clonal expansion of T cells, further supporting T-cell lymphoma. Peripheral blood PCR was positive for <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>. The dog's clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities resolved after a 30-day treatment with doxycycline. After treatment, joint fluid analysis, including cytology and flow cytometry, was normal. This case highlights the importance of considering <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> as a differential diagnosis in dogs with a clonal expansion of CD4+ T cells, emphasizing the comprehensive diagnostic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha L. Braman, Hannah M. Peterson, Ashleigh N. Tindle, Amy Elbe, Erin Mani, Camille Danielson, Julia Labadie, Lauren A. Trepanier
Background
Multicentric lymphoma (ML) in dogs has similar clinical features to human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). NHL has been linked to herbicides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), direct exposures to these chemicals have not been evaluated in ML.
Hypothesis/Objectives
ML in pet dogs was associated with herbicide and VOC exposures.
Animals
Twenty pet boxer dogs with ML and 20 unaffected pet boxer dogs enrolled across the United States between 2021 and 2024.
Methods
Prospective case–control study. Dog owners completed an environmental questionnaire and submitted dog urine, drinking water, and household air samples for analysis of the herbicides 2,4-D, glyphosate, and atrazine and the VOCs benzene, 1,3 butadiene, and trichloroethylene. Area Deprivation Indices (ADI) and USDA Rural–Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) were assigned to all dogs based on home address.
Results
Boxers with ML were more likely to live in more urban counties (median RUCC 1, range 1–6 for cases, vs. median 2, range 1–8 for controls; p = 0.032). Urinary concentrations of the benzene metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid (PHMA) were higher in dogs with ML (median 1.03 ng/mg creat, range 0.00–1.53) compared to control dogs (0.54 ng/mg creat, range 0.09–4.73; p = 0.031). Odds ratios for exposure to the benzene metabolite MUCA were higher in cases vs. controls, even when controlled for urbanicity (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02; p = 0.035).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
ML in boxers might be associated with benzene exposures. If this association is causative, indoor benzene exposures could be remediated with activated carbon air filtration and certain house plants.
犬多中心淋巴瘤（ML）具有与人类非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）相似的临床特征。NHL与除草剂和挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）有关，在ML中直接暴露于这些化学物质尚未进行评估。假设/目的宠物狗的ML与除草剂和VOC暴露有关。2021年至2024年间，美国各地招募了20只患有ML的宠物拳师犬和20只未受影响的宠物拳师犬。方法前瞻性病例对照研究。狗主人完成了一份环境调查问卷，并提交了狗的尿液、饮用水和家庭空气样本，以分析除草剂2,4- d、草甘膦和阿特拉津以及挥发性有机化合物苯、1,3丁二烯和三氯乙烯。根据家庭住址为所有狗分配区域剥夺指数（ADI）和USDA城乡连续编码（RUCC）。结果患有ML的拳击手更有可能生活在更多的城市县（病例的中位数RUCC为1，范围为1 - 6，对照组的中位数为2，范围为1 - 8；p = 0.032）。尿中苯代谢物s -苯基巯基酸（PHMA）浓度在ML犬中（中位值1.03 ng/mg，范围0.00-1.53）高于对照犬（0.54 ng/mg，范围0.09-4.73,p = 0.031）。接触苯代谢物MUCA的优势比在病例中高于对照组，即使在城市化控制下也是如此（OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; p = 0.035）。结论及临床意义拳击运动员ML可能与苯暴露有关。如果这种关联是致病的，则可以通过活性炭空气过滤和某些室内植物来补救室内苯暴露。
{"title":"Environmental Chemical Exposures in Boxer Dogs With Multicentric Lymphoma","authors":"Samantha L. Braman, Hannah M. Peterson, Ashleigh N. Tindle, Amy Elbe, Erin Mani, Camille Danielson, Julia Labadie, Lauren A. Trepanier","doi":"10.1111/jvim.70230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicentric lymphoma (ML) in dogs has similar clinical features to human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). NHL has been linked to herbicides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), direct exposures to these chemicals have not been evaluated in ML.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ML in pet dogs was associated with herbicide and VOC exposures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty pet boxer dogs with ML and 20 unaffected pet boxer dogs enrolled across the United States between 2021 and 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective case–control study. Dog owners completed an environmental questionnaire and submitted dog urine, drinking water, and household air samples for analysis of the herbicides 2,4-D, glyphosate, and atrazine and the VOCs benzene, 1,3 butadiene, and trichloroethylene. Area Deprivation Indices (ADI) and USDA Rural–Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) were assigned to all dogs based on home address.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Boxers with ML were more likely to live in more urban counties (median RUCC 1, range 1–6 for cases, vs. median 2, range 1–8 for controls; <i>p</i> = 0.032). Urinary concentrations of the benzene metabolite S-phenylmercapturic acid (PHMA) were higher in dogs with ML (median 1.03 ng/mg creat, range 0.00–1.53) compared to control dogs (0.54 ng/mg creat, range 0.09–4.73; <i>p</i> = 0.031). Odds ratios for exposure to the benzene metabolite MUCA were higher in cases vs. controls, even when controlled for urbanicity (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.02; <i>p</i> = 0.035).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ML in boxers might be associated with benzene exposures. If this association is causative, indoor benzene exposures could be remediated with activated carbon air filtration and certain house plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.70230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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