Aleksandra Banasik, Marcin Wrzosek, Paulina Drobot, Karolina Owsińska-Schmidt, Laura Brewińska, Anna Zimny, Przemysław Podgórski
Background
Brain imaging suggests the involvement of the limbic system, particularly the cingulate gyrus (GC), in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE).
Hypothesis
A correlation exists between the side of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and the volume of the ipsilateral GC (GCe) in dogs with IE.
Animals
Dogs admitted to the neurological consultation (32 with epileptic seizures and 13 control) were included.
Methods
This retrospective, blinded study followed the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for diagnosing IE at the Tier III confidence level. The IE group included 18 and 14 dogs with IEDs in the left and right hemispheres, respectively (median age: 36 months, median weight: 19.5 kg), whereas the control group included 13 dogs (median age: 32 months, median weight: 20 kg). Whole-brain and GC-volumetric assessments were performed by a semiautomated method.
Results
In the control group, the volume of the GC was: left, from 743.63 to 1001.61 mm3, right, from 789.35 to 1015.86 mm3. In the study group, the volume of the GC was: left, from 720.88 to 1054.9 mm3 and right, from 566.29 to 987.77 mm3. In dogs with IE, GCe volume was significantly lower than the mean volume of the GC in the control group relative to total intracranial volume (TIV; P = .00044).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Alterations in the volume of the GC provide insights into structural changes during IE. The use of semiautomatic volumetry provides an advantage by reducing the potential for human error.
{"title":"Correlation between semiautomated magnetic resonance imaging volumetry of the cingulate gyrus and interictal epileptiform discharge lateralization in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy","authors":"Aleksandra Banasik, Marcin Wrzosek, Paulina Drobot, Karolina Owsińska-Schmidt, Laura Brewińska, Anna Zimny, Przemysław Podgórski","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17178","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brain imaging suggests the involvement of the limbic system, particularly the cingulate gyrus (GC), in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A correlation exists between the side of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and the volume of the ipsilateral GC (GCe) in dogs with IE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs admitted to the neurological consultation (32 with epileptic seizures and 13 control) were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective, blinded study followed the International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force recommendations for diagnosing IE at the Tier III confidence level. The IE group included 18 and 14 dogs with IEDs in the left and right hemispheres, respectively (median age: 36 months, median weight: 19.5 kg), whereas the control group included 13 dogs (median age: 32 months, median weight: 20 kg). Whole-brain and GC-volumetric assessments were performed by a semiautomated method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the control group, the volume of the GC was: left, from 743.63 to 1001.61 mm<sup>3</sup>, right, from 789.35 to 1015.86 mm<sup>3</sup>. In the study group, the volume of the GC was: left, from 720.88 to 1054.9 mm<sup>3</sup> and right, from 566.29 to 987.77 mm<sup>3</sup>. In dogs with IE, GCe volume was significantly lower than the mean volume of the GC in the control group relative to total intracranial volume (TIV; <i>P</i> = .00044).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alterations in the volume of the GC provide insights into structural changes during IE. The use of semiautomatic volumetry provides an advantage by reducing the potential for human error.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2590-2602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) are typically classified into food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE), immunomodulator-responsive enteropathy (IRE), and nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) based on response to therapy(ies). Reassessment of initial categorization (especially IRE and NRE) is lacking.
Objectives
Investigate validity of categorization scheme when reassessed at least 1 year after diagnosis.
Animals
Sixty client-owned dogs with CIE.
Methods
Retrospective study. Clinical information was gathered from records and owners from time of diagnosis (TD), time of initial response (TIR), and at least 1 year after diagnosis (T≥1y). Category change was defined as a switch between groups.
Results
Median disease activity index (CIBDAI) at TD was 9 and reduced significantly to 1 at T≥1y (P < .0001). At TIR, dogs were categorized as: FRE 27/60 (45%, 95% binomial confidence intervals [CI], 0.32-0.58), IRE 30/60 (50%, CI 0.37-0.63), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 3/60 (5%, CI −0.01 to 0.11). Seventeen of 27 (63%) FRE dogs had previously had at least 1 unsuccessful diet trial. At T≥1y, categorization changed to FRE 44/60 (73%, CI 0.62-0.85), IRE 14/60 (23%, CI 0.13-0.34), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 2/60 (3%, CI −0.01 to 0.08). Group changes were found for 24/60 (40%) dogs, largest change was from IRE to FRE (19/24, 79%). Immunosuppressive dosages were administered as sole treatment in 1/30 (3%) IRE dogs at TIR.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy categorization based on initial response to therapy needs reassessment after 1 year. Frequent change from IRE to FRE suggests that dogs initially categorized as IRE might have been initially categorized as FRE if multiple dietary trials had been performed. In our study, antibiotics were not needed to achieve satisfying clinical responses.
背景：患有慢性炎症性肠病（CIE）的犬通常根据对治疗的反应分为食物反应性肠病（FRE）、抗生素反应性肠病（ARE）、免疫调节剂反应性肠病（IRE）和无反应性肠病（NRE）。缺乏对最初分类（尤其是 IRE 和 NRE）的重新评估：目标：调查诊断至少 1 年后重新评估分类方案的有效性：方法：回顾性研究：方法：回顾性研究。从诊断时间（TD）、初始反应时间（TIR）和诊断后至少 1 年（T≥1y）的记录和饲养者处收集临床信息。组别变化定义为组间转换：中位疾病活动指数（CIBDAI）在TD时为9，在T≥1y时明显降低至1（P IR，狗被分为以下几组：FRE 27/60 (45%, 95% 二项式置信区间 [CI], 0.32-0.58), IRE 30/60 (50%, CI 0.37-0.63), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 3/60 (5%, CI -0.01 to 0.11)。27 只 FRE 狗中有 17 只（63%）之前至少进行过一次不成功的饮食试验。T≥1y 时，分类变为 FRE 44/60 (73%, CI 0.62-0.85), IRE 14/60 (23%, CI 0.13-0.34), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 2/60 (3%, CI -0.01 to 0.08)。24/60（40%）只狗的组别发生了变化，最大的变化是从 IRE 到 FRE（19/24，79%）。1/30（3%）只 IRE 狗在 TIR 期间接受了免疫抑制治疗：结论和临床意义：慢性炎症性肠病的分类以最初的治疗反应为基础，需要在 1 年后重新评估。从 IRE 到 FRE 的频繁变化表明，如果进行了多次饮食试验，最初被归类为 IRE 的犬可能最初被归类为 FRE。在我们的研究中，不需要使用抗生素就能获得满意的临床反应。
{"title":"Long-term evaluation of the initial response to therapy in 60 dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy","authors":"Susan Hodel, Daniel Brugger, Peter Hendrik Kook","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17161","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) are typically classified into food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), antibiotic-responsive enteropathy (ARE), immunomodulator-responsive enteropathy (IRE), and nonresponsive enteropathy (NRE) based on response to therapy(ies). Reassessment of initial categorization (especially IRE and NRE) is lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate validity of categorization scheme when reassessed at least 1 year after diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty client-owned dogs with CIE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective study. Clinical information was gathered from records and owners from time of diagnosis (<i>T</i><sub>D</sub>), time of initial response (<i>T</i><sub>IR</sub>), and at least 1 year after diagnosis (<i>T</i><sub>≥1y</sub>). Category change was defined as a switch between groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median disease activity index (CIBDAI) at <i>T</i><sub>D</sub> was 9 and reduced significantly to 1 at <i>T</i><sub>≥1y</sub> (<i>P</i> < .0001). At <i>T</i><sub>IR</sub>, dogs were categorized as: FRE 27/60 (45%, 95% binomial confidence intervals [CI], 0.32-0.58), IRE 30/60 (50%, CI 0.37-0.63), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 3/60 (5%, CI −0.01 to 0.11). Seventeen of 27 (63%) FRE dogs had previously had at least 1 unsuccessful diet trial. At <i>T</i><sub>≥1y</sub>, categorization changed to FRE 44/60 (73%, CI 0.62-0.85), IRE 14/60 (23%, CI 0.13-0.34), ARE 0/60 (0%), NRE 2/60 (3%, CI −0.01 to 0.08). Group changes were found for 24/60 (40%) dogs, largest change was from IRE to FRE (19/24, 79%). Immunosuppressive dosages were administered as sole treatment in 1/30 (3%) IRE dogs at <i>T</i><sub>IR</sub>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic inflammatory enteropathy categorization based on initial response to therapy needs reassessment after 1 year. Frequent change from IRE to FRE suggests that dogs initially categorized as IRE might have been initially categorized as FRE if multiple dietary trials had been performed. In our study, antibiotics were not needed to achieve satisfying clinical responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2444-2453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna Holmberg, Ingrid Ljungvall, Lena Pelander, Alice Defarges, Jenny Stiller, Jessica Ingman, Caroline Harlos, Thomas Spillmann, Jens Häggström
Background
Video capsule endoscopy is a noninvasive technique for evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Objective
To investigate the safety of using the video capsule ALICAM in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) >10 kg, and to compare macroscopic gastrointestinal morphology between CE dogs and healthy controls (HC).
Animals
Fifteen CE dogs and 15 similarly breed, age and body weight matched HC.
Methods
All dogs underwent a clinical work up including blood analyses, fecal samples, abdominal ultrasonographic examination, and blood pressure measurement. The dogs were withheld from food for 16 hours before and 8 hours after they PO received an ALICAM. All recordings were quality assessed, and blindly evaluated by 2 trained observers.
Results
The median age of CE dogs and HC was 3.3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.5-5.9) years and 4.7 (IQR 3.3-5.6) years, respectively. The median body weight in the CE dogs and HC was 25.9 (IQR 20.6-30.9) kg, and 29 (IQR 16.2-30.5) kg, respectively. Complete recordings of the gastrointestinal tract were obtained from all dogs without complications. No significant differences were found between groups regarding number of abnormalities such as irregular mucosa, erythema, nonbleeding erosions, bleeding erosions, and dilated lacteals, as well as severity and extent of the abnormalities.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The use of ALICAM for evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in CE dogs and HC seems safe and feasible regarding gastrointestinal transit and macroscopic morphology assessment in dogs >10 kg. Abnormalities were found in similar proportions in CE dogs and HC.
背景：视频胶囊内镜是一种评估胃肠道的无创技术：视频胶囊内镜是一种评估胃肠道的无创技术：研究在体重大于 10 千克的慢性肠病（CE）犬中使用视频胶囊 ALICAM 的安全性，并比较 CE 犬和健康对照组（HC）的胃肠道宏观形态：动物：15 只 CE 狗和 15 只品种、年龄和体重相近的健康对照组（HC）：方法：所有犬均接受临床检查，包括血液分析、粪便样本、腹部超声波检查和血压测量。在注射 ALICAM 前 16 小时和注射后 8 小时内，狗不能进食。所有记录都经过质量评估，并由两名训练有素的观察员进行盲评：CE犬和HC犬的中位年龄分别为3.3（四分位距[IQR] 2.5-5.9）岁和4.7（IQR 3.3-5.6）岁。CE犬和HC犬的体重中位数分别为25.9（IQR 20.6-30.9）千克和29（IQR 16.2-30.5）千克。所有无并发症的犬均获得了完整的胃肠道记录。在粘膜不规则、红斑、非出血糜烂、出血糜烂和乳管扩张等异常的数量以及异常的严重程度和范围方面，各组之间没有发现明显差异：使用 ALICAM 评估 CE 犬和 HC 的胃肠道似乎安全可行，可对体重大于 10 千克的犬进行胃肠道转运和宏观形态评估。CE犬和HC犬发现异常的比例相似。
{"title":"Video capsule endoscopy findings in dogs with chronic enteropathy and in healthy dogs","authors":"Johanna Holmberg, Ingrid Ljungvall, Lena Pelander, Alice Defarges, Jenny Stiller, Jessica Ingman, Caroline Harlos, Thomas Spillmann, Jens Häggström","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Video capsule endoscopy is a noninvasive technique for evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the safety of using the video capsule ALICAM in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) >10 kg, and to compare macroscopic gastrointestinal morphology between CE dogs and healthy controls (HC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen CE dogs and 15 similarly breed, age and body weight matched HC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All dogs underwent a clinical work up including blood analyses, fecal samples, abdominal ultrasonographic examination, and blood pressure measurement. The dogs were withheld from food for 16 hours before and 8 hours after they PO received an ALICAM. All recordings were quality assessed, and blindly evaluated by 2 trained observers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The median age of CE dogs and HC was 3.3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.5-5.9) years and 4.7 (IQR 3.3-5.6) years, respectively. The median body weight in the CE dogs and HC was 25.9 (IQR 20.6-30.9) kg, and 29 (IQR 16.2-30.5) kg, respectively. Complete recordings of the gastrointestinal tract were obtained from all dogs without complications. No significant differences were found between groups regarding number of abnormalities such as irregular mucosa, erythema, nonbleeding erosions, bleeding erosions, and dilated lacteals, as well as severity and extent of the abnormalities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of ALICAM for evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract in CE dogs and HC seems safe and feasible regarding gastrointestinal transit and macroscopic morphology assessment in dogs >10 kg. Abnormalities were found in similar proportions in CE dogs and HC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2454-2463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Garrett Bullock, Jared A. Jaffey, Leah A. Cohn, Erika Sox, Eric T. Hostnik, Kyle D. Hutcheson, Erin Matero, Karen S. Hoffmann, Gary S. Johnson, Martin L. Katz
Background
Human patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) are categorized into subtypes based on causative genetic variants and phenotypes. The classical form of EDS, primarily caused by variants in COL5A1 or COL5A2, is a very common subtype in people but is poorly characterized in dogs.
Objective
Describe likely causal COL5A1 variants in dogs with classical EDS, summarize clinical histories, discuss potential disease mechanisms, and draw conclusions about disease prognosis.
Animals
Seven client-owned dogs that exhibited clinical signs of classical EDS.
Methods
Clinical information was recorded from medical records and communication with attending veterinarians and dog owners. To identify potential causal gene sequence variants whole-genome sequence analyses (n = 6) or Sanger sequencing (n = 1) were performed on DNA isolated from the probands. Pathological abnormalities in skin biopsy samples were assessed using histology and electron microscopy in 3 dogs.
Results
Six distinct heterozygous COL5A1 sequence variants were identified. The most common clinical signs included fragile skin (n = 7), hyperextensible skin (n = 7), joint hypermobility (n = 6), and atrophic scars (n = 5). The median age at last follow-up or death was 12 years (range, 6.5-14 years). Ultrastructural abnormalities in dermal collagen differed among dogs with different COL5A1 variants.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance
We describe the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the classical subtype of EDS by identifying 6 novel COL5A1 variants in conjunction with detailed clinical histories that included long-term follow-up information in 7 dogs.
{"title":"Novel COL5A1 variants and associated disease phenotypes in dogs with classical Ehlers-Danlos syndrome","authors":"Garrett Bullock, Jared A. Jaffey, Leah A. Cohn, Erika Sox, Eric T. Hostnik, Kyle D. Hutcheson, Erin Matero, Karen S. Hoffmann, Gary S. Johnson, Martin L. Katz","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17180","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) are categorized into subtypes based on causative genetic variants and phenotypes. The classical form of EDS, primarily caused by variants in <i>COL5A1</i> or <i>COL5A2</i>, is a very common subtype in people but is poorly characterized in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe likely causal <i>COL5A1</i> variants in dogs with classical EDS, summarize clinical histories, discuss potential disease mechanisms, and draw conclusions about disease prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven client-owned dogs that exhibited clinical signs of classical EDS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical information was recorded from medical records and communication with attending veterinarians and dog owners. To identify potential causal gene sequence variants whole-genome sequence analyses (n = 6) or Sanger sequencing (n = 1) were performed on DNA isolated from the probands. Pathological abnormalities in skin biopsy samples were assessed using histology and electron microscopy in 3 dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six distinct heterozygous <i>COL5A1</i> sequence variants were identified. The most common clinical signs included fragile skin (n = 7), hyperextensible skin (n = 7), joint hypermobility (n = 6), and atrophic scars (n = 5). The median age at last follow-up or death was 12 years (range, 6.5-14 years). Ultrastructural abnormalities in dermal collagen differed among dogs with different <i>COL5A1</i> variants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the classical subtype of EDS by identifying 6 novel <i>COL5A1</i> variants in conjunction with detailed clinical histories that included long-term follow-up information in 7 dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2431-2443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kurtis Sobkowich, Zvonimir Poljak, J. Scott Weese, Andy Plum, Donald Szlosek, Theresa M. Bernardo
Background
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a concern in both human and animal medicine globally. Despite extensive research in humans, limited data exist on CRE in companion animals, with a lack of nationwide prevalence estimates.
Hypothesis/Objectives
To assess the occurrence and trends of CRE in cats and dogs across the United States by analyzing 4 years of commercial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data.
Animals
Between 2019 and 2022, 477 426 ASTs were conducted on Enterobacterales isolates against imipenem. Isolates were derived from 379 598 dogs and 97 828 cats. Animal origin was not disclosed.
Methods
In this retrospective study, antimicrobial susceptibility test data from IDEXX Laboratories were analyzed. Analysis included resistance estimations to imipenem stratified by sampling site, an assessment of resistance patterns over time and location, and the application of space-time cluster analysis to identify potential outbreaks. Antibiograms were produced for carbapenem-resistant isolates.
Results
Susceptibility to imipenem was high, at 98.86%. Temporal analysis indicated stability in susceptibility, with an unexplained reduction in susceptible isolates in June 2019. Spatial analysis identified 2 high-risk clusters along the Western Coast (relative risk [RR]: 23.26; P < .001) and in Texas (RR: 10.72; P < .001) in that month. Three other clusters were found, in Missouri (RR: 39.55; P = .038), Florida (RR: 4.53; P < .001), and New York (RR: 9.20; P < .001).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
CRE are present at a low prevalence in dogs and cats across the United States. Variations in prevalence across patient-level and environmental factors highlight the need for tailored stewardship programs.
{"title":"Prevalence and distribution of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in companion animals: A nationwide study in the United States using commercial laboratory data","authors":"Kurtis Sobkowich, Zvonimir Poljak, J. Scott Weese, Andy Plum, Donald Szlosek, Theresa M. Bernardo","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17171","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> (CRE) are a concern in both human and animal medicine globally. Despite extensive research in humans, limited data exist on CRE in companion animals, with a lack of nationwide prevalence estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the occurrence and trends of CRE in cats and dogs across the United States by analyzing 4 years of commercial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2019 and 2022, 477 426 ASTs were conducted on <i>Enterobacterales</i> isolates against imipenem. Isolates were derived from 379 598 dogs and 97 828 cats. Animal origin was not disclosed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this retrospective study, antimicrobial susceptibility test data from IDEXX Laboratories were analyzed. Analysis included resistance estimations to imipenem stratified by sampling site, an assessment of resistance patterns over time and location, and the application of space-time cluster analysis to identify potential outbreaks. Antibiograms were produced for carbapenem-resistant isolates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Susceptibility to imipenem was high, at 98.86%. Temporal analysis indicated stability in susceptibility, with an unexplained reduction in susceptible isolates in June 2019. Spatial analysis identified 2 high-risk clusters along the Western Coast (relative risk [RR]: 23.26; <i>P</i> < .001) and in Texas (RR: 10.72; <i>P</i> < .001) in that month. Three other clusters were found, in Missouri (RR: 39.55; <i>P</i> = .038), Florida (RR: 4.53; <i>P</i> < .001), and New York (RR: 9.20; <i>P</i> < .001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CRE are present at a low prevalence in dogs and cats across the United States. Variations in prevalence across patient-level and environmental factors highlight the need for tailored stewardship programs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2642-2653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blanca E. Camacho, Siena L. Mitman, Derek M. Foster, Jennifer Halleran
Background
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), a sensitive biomarker for detecting renal injury, has not been characterized in goats. Obstructive urolithiasis (OU) is the most common urinary tract disease in male small ruminants.
Hypothesis/Objective
Establish an SDMA reference interval (RI) in healthy adult goats and describe SDMA concentrations in goats with OU. We hypothesize that the SDMA RI in healthy adult goats will be similar to that of other adult veterinary species and that SDMA can be utilized to assess the renal function of goats experiencing OU.
Animals
Fifty-five healthy adult male and female goats from a university herd were enrolled for SDMA RI development. Twenty male and female goats from a university herd were enrolled for validation of the SDMA RI established. Thirteen male goats diagnosed with OU were enrolled.
Methods
Clinical trial. Serum samples for all animals enrolled were collected and analyzed for SDMA using an immunoassay (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc); goats with OU had additional blood work analyzed (PCV, total solids, and serum biochemistry). Symmetric dimethylarginine and other values in goats with OU were analyzed and compared at specific time points.
Results
The SDMA RI for healthy, adult goats is 8.03 μg/dL (90% CI 4.81-11.04) to 25.93 μg/dL (90% CI 22.88-28.97). There was no correlation identified between serum creatinine and SDMA in goats with OU.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The SDMA RI for adult goats is higher than in other adult large animal species. Use of SDMA in goats with OU is not useful in assessing their renal function.
背景：对称二甲基精氨酸（SDMA）是一种检测肾损伤的敏感生物标志物，但尚未在山羊中发现其特征。梗阻性尿路结石（OU）是雄性小反刍动物最常见的尿路疾病：建立健康成年山羊的 SDMA 参考区间 (RI)，并描述患有 OU 的山羊体内的 SDMA 浓度。我们假设健康成年山羊的 SDMA RI 与其他成年兽医物种相似，并且 SDMA 可用于评估患有 OU 的山羊的肾功能：55 只来自大学羊群的健康成年公山羊和母山羊参加了 SDMA RI 开发。从一所大学的羊群中挑选了 20 只公羊和母羊，用于验证已建立的 SDMA RI。13只确诊患有OU的雄性山羊也被纳入其中：临床试验。收集所有参试动物的血清样本，并使用免疫测定法（IDEXX Laboratories, Inc）分析SDMA；对患有OU的山羊进行额外的血液分析（PCV、总固形物和血清生化）。在特定的时间点分析并比较了患有 OU 的山羊的对称二甲基精氨酸和其他值：健康成年山羊的 SDMA RI 为 8.03 μg/dL (90% CI 4.81-11.04) 到 25.93 μg/dL (90% CI 22.88-28.97)。结论和临床重要性：成年山羊的SDMA RI高于其他成年大型动物。对患有OU的山羊使用SDMA无法评估其肾功能。
{"title":"Validation of a reference interval for symmetric dimethylarginine in healthy goats and its comparison to values in goats with obstructive urolithiasis","authors":"Blanca E. Camacho, Siena L. Mitman, Derek M. Foster, Jennifer Halleran","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17162","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), a sensitive biomarker for detecting renal injury, has not been characterized in goats. Obstructive urolithiasis (OU) is the most common urinary tract disease in male small ruminants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Establish an SDMA reference interval (RI) in healthy adult goats and describe SDMA concentrations in goats with OU. We hypothesize that the SDMA RI in healthy adult goats will be similar to that of other adult veterinary species and that SDMA can be utilized to assess the renal function of goats experiencing OU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-five healthy adult male and female goats from a university herd were enrolled for SDMA RI development. Twenty male and female goats from a university herd were enrolled for validation of the SDMA RI established. Thirteen male goats diagnosed with OU were enrolled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical trial. Serum samples for all animals enrolled were collected and analyzed for SDMA using an immunoassay (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc); goats with OU had additional blood work analyzed (PCV, total solids, and serum biochemistry). Symmetric dimethylarginine and other values in goats with OU were analyzed and compared at specific time points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SDMA RI for healthy, adult goats is 8.03 μg/dL (90% CI 4.81-11.04) to 25.93 μg/dL (90% CI 22.88-28.97). There was no correlation identified between serum creatinine and SDMA in goats with OU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The SDMA RI for adult goats is higher than in other adult large animal species. Use of SDMA in goats with OU is not useful in assessing their renal function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2807-2813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Eduardo Mendoza Flores, Angelica Terrazas, Alma V. Lara Sagahon, Monica Aleman
Background
Parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) in response to nociceptive stimulus in conscious non-sedated horses is unknown.
Objectives
Study PTA, heart rate (HR), and horse grimace scale (HGS) at rest and during mechanical nociceptive stimulation.
Animals
Ninety healthy young adult horses (females, males): 30 each of Friesians, Quarter Horses, and Warmbloods.
Methods
Prospective control study. The study consisted of habituation to equipment (Day 1), baseline recordings (Days 2 and 3), and nociceptive testing applying mild pressure to the metacarpus (Day 4). Parasympathetic tone, HR, and HGS were recorded simultaneously on Days 2 to 4. Each study lasted 30 minutes and was done in triplicate at 3 different time points per day.
Results
Baseline PTA was not different among breeds. It decreased in Warmbloods and Quarter Horses during placement of the stimulus device without stimulation (P < .01). A significant decrease in PTA (P < .001) occurred during nociceptive stimulus (marked in Quarter Horses, intermediate in Warmbloods, and mild in Friesians). Heart rate and HGS increased significantly (P < .001) during the stimulus in all breeds but returned to baseline poststimulation. Friesians required higher pressure (P < .05) to elicit an aversive response to the stimulus.
Conclusions
Horses' PTA, HR, and HGS change in response to a mild mechanical nociceptive stimulus with Friesians showing less variation. Stress induced a decrease in PTA in Quarter Horses and Warmbloods but not in Friesians. Friesians appeared to be more tolerant to pain based on PTA, HR, and HGS findings compared with other breeds.
{"title":"Parasympathetic tone activity, heart rate, and grimace scale in conscious horses of 3 breeds before, during, and after nociceptive mechanical stimulation","authors":"Jorge Eduardo Mendoza Flores, Angelica Terrazas, Alma V. Lara Sagahon, Monica Aleman","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17174","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) in response to nociceptive stimulus in conscious non-sedated horses is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Study PTA, heart rate (HR), and horse grimace scale (HGS) at rest and during mechanical nociceptive stimulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety healthy young adult horses (females, males): 30 each of Friesians, Quarter Horses, and Warmbloods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective control study. The study consisted of habituation to equipment (Day 1), baseline recordings (Days 2 and 3), and nociceptive testing applying mild pressure to the metacarpus (Day 4). Parasympathetic tone, HR, and HGS were recorded simultaneously on Days 2 to 4. Each study lasted 30 minutes and was done in triplicate at 3 different time points per day.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline PTA was not different among breeds. It decreased in Warmbloods and Quarter Horses during placement of the stimulus device without stimulation (<i>P</i> < .01). A significant decrease in PTA (<i>P</i> < .001) occurred during nociceptive stimulus (marked in Quarter Horses, intermediate in Warmbloods, and mild in Friesians). Heart rate and HGS increased significantly (<i>P</i> < .001) during the stimulus in all breeds but returned to baseline poststimulation. Friesians required higher pressure (<i>P</i> < .05) to elicit an aversive response to the stimulus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Horses' PTA, HR, and HGS change in response to a mild mechanical nociceptive stimulus with Friesians showing less variation. Stress induced a decrease in PTA in Quarter Horses and Warmbloods but not in Friesians. Friesians appeared to be more tolerant to pain based on PTA, HR, and HGS findings compared with other breeds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2739-2747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjory B. Brooks, James C. Brooks, Jim Catalfamo, Yao Zhu, Robert Goggs, Susanna Babasyan, Bettina Wagner, Dana N. LeVine
Background
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common cause of severe thrombocytopenia in dogs. The pathogenesis of nonassociative, primary ITP (pITP) appears complex, with ill-defined thrombopoietic response.
Objectives
Develop an immunoassay to measure plasma canine thrombopoietin (TPO) concentration and characterize TPO concentrations in dogs with pITP.
Animals
Forty-one healthy dogs, 8 dogs in an induced ITP model (3 control, 5 ITP), and 58 pITP dogs.
Methods
Recombinant canine TPO (rcTPO) was purchased and its identity confirmed by mass spectrometry. Monoclonal antibodies were raised to rcTPO and used to configure a sandwich ELISA using streptavidin-biotin detection. Assay performance, coefficients of variability, and healthy dog plasma TPO reference interval (RI) were determined, followed by assay of ITP samples.
Results
Assay dynamic range was 15 pg/mL (lower limit of detection) to 1000 pg/mL TPO, with limit of quantitation of 62 pg/mL. Plasma TPO RI was 0 to 158 pg/mL, with plasma TPO <62 pg/mL for 35/41 healthy dogs. All dogs with induced ITP developed marked increases in plasma TPO concentration. Peak values ranged from 515 to >6000 pg/mL. In contrast, only 2/58 pITP dogs had TPO values above RI.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma TPO concentration is paradoxically low at diagnosis for most dogs with pITP. This finding suggests that ineffective thrombopoiesis contributes to thrombocytopenia in pITP dogs and supports evaluating TPO receptor agonist treatment as used for pITP in humans. The TPO assay provides a new tool to study thrombopoiesis in pITP and other thrombocytopenic syndromes in dogs.
{"title":"Plasma concentration of thrombopoietin in dogs with immune thrombocytopenia","authors":"Marjory B. Brooks, James C. Brooks, Jim Catalfamo, Yao Zhu, Robert Goggs, Susanna Babasyan, Bettina Wagner, Dana N. LeVine","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17152","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common cause of severe thrombocytopenia in dogs. The pathogenesis of nonassociative, primary ITP (pITP) appears complex, with ill-defined thrombopoietic response.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Develop an immunoassay to measure plasma canine thrombopoietin (TPO) concentration and characterize TPO concentrations in dogs with pITP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-one healthy dogs, 8 dogs in an induced ITP model (3 control, 5 ITP), and 58 pITP dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recombinant canine TPO (rcTPO) was purchased and its identity confirmed by mass spectrometry. Monoclonal antibodies were raised to rcTPO and used to configure a sandwich ELISA using streptavidin-biotin detection. Assay performance, coefficients of variability, and healthy dog plasma TPO reference interval (RI) were determined, followed by assay of ITP samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assay dynamic range was 15 pg/mL (lower limit of detection) to 1000 pg/mL TPO, with limit of quantitation of 62 pg/mL. Plasma TPO RI was 0 to 158 pg/mL, with plasma TPO <62 pg/mL for 35/41 healthy dogs. All dogs with induced ITP developed marked increases in plasma TPO concentration. Peak values ranged from 515 to >6000 pg/mL. In contrast, only 2/58 pITP dogs had TPO values above RI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plasma TPO concentration is paradoxically low at diagnosis for most dogs with pITP. This finding suggests that ineffective thrombopoiesis contributes to thrombocytopenia in pITP dogs and supports evaluating TPO receptor agonist treatment as used for pITP in humans. The TPO assay provides a new tool to study thrombopoiesis in pITP and other thrombocytopenic syndromes in dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2507-2517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karin Kriström, Jens Häggström, Andrea J. Fascetti, Lena Ström, Mark Dirven, Joshua Yu, Titti Sjödal Essén, Anna Tidholm, Paul D. Pion, Ingrid Ljungvall
Background
Occurrence of low blood taurine concentrations (B-TauC) and predisposing factors to taurine deficiency in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) are incompletely understood.
Objectives
Investigate the occurrence of low B-TauC in a Swedish population of ECS and evaluate the association between B-TauC and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet composition.
Animals
One-hundred eighty privately owned ECS.
Methods
Dogs were prospectively recruited and underwent physical examination, blood analyses, and echocardiographic and ophthalmic examinations. Dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) also underwent thoracic radiography. Taurine concentrations were analyzed in plasma (EDTA and heparin) and whole blood. Diets consumed by the dogs at the time of the examination were analyzed for dietary taurine- (D-TauC), cysteine- (D-CysC), and methionine concentrations (D-MetC).
Results
Fifty-three of 180 dogs (29%) had low B-TauC, of which 13 (25%) dogs had clinical and radiographic signs of CHF, increased echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, and impaired LV systolic function. Five (9%) dogs with low B-TauC had retinal abnormalities. Dietary MetC, dietary animal protein source (red/white meat), and age were associated with B-TauC in the final multivariable regression model (P < .001, R2adj = .39).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Low B-TauC suggests that taurine deficiency may play a role in the development of myocardial failure and CHF in ECS. Low D-MetC and diets with red meat as the animal protein source were associated with low B-TauC. Dogs with B-TauC below the normal reference range were older than dogs with normal concentrations.
{"title":"The association between taurine concentrations and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet in English cocker spaniels: The Canine taURinE (CURE) project","authors":"Karin Kriström, Jens Häggström, Andrea J. Fascetti, Lena Ström, Mark Dirven, Joshua Yu, Titti Sjödal Essén, Anna Tidholm, Paul D. Pion, Ingrid Ljungvall","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17150","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Occurrence of low blood taurine concentrations (B-TauC) and predisposing factors to taurine deficiency in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) are incompletely understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigate the occurrence of low B-TauC in a Swedish population of ECS and evaluate the association between B-TauC and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet composition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-hundred eighty privately owned ECS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dogs were prospectively recruited and underwent physical examination, blood analyses, and echocardiographic and ophthalmic examinations. Dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) also underwent thoracic radiography. Taurine concentrations were analyzed in plasma (EDTA and heparin) and whole blood. Diets consumed by the dogs at the time of the examination were analyzed for dietary taurine- (D-TauC), cysteine- (D-CysC), and methionine concentrations (D-MetC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-three of 180 dogs (29%) had low B-TauC, of which 13 (25%) dogs had clinical and radiographic signs of CHF, increased echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, and impaired LV systolic function. Five (9%) dogs with low B-TauC had retinal abnormalities. Dietary MetC, dietary animal protein source (red/white meat), and age were associated with B-TauC in the final multivariable regression model (<i>P</i> < .001, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = .39).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low B-TauC suggests that taurine deficiency may play a role in the development of myocardial failure and CHF in ECS. Low D-MetC and diets with red meat as the animal protein source were associated with low B-TauC. Dogs with B-TauC below the normal reference range were older than dogs with normal concentrations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2620-2632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle A. Mzyk, Jennifer L. Halleran, Hannah J. Sylvester, Claire B. Giles, Megan E. Jacob, Ronald E. Baynes, Derek M. Foster
Background
Pharmacological activity of intramammary drugs depends on adequate drug concentrations within the cistern, but sampling is often limited. Insight into the active drug concentration within the mammary cistern may assist in determining effective and appropriate therapeutic decisions for cows being treated for mastitis.
Objective
Evaluate the disposition of ceftiofur hydrochloride administered intramammary in diseased and nondiseased quarters. Whole milk and ultrafiltrate sampling techniques were compared.
Animals
Ten mature, late lactation Holstein (n = 9) and Jersey (n = 1) dairy cows (422-670 kg) with naturally occurring clinical mastitis, producing between 1.4 and 15.9 kg/day of milk.
Methods
Ultrafiltration probes were placed in both mastitic and healthy quarters. Each quarter was treated with 2 doses of 125 mg ceftiofur hydrochloride suspension, and whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate samples were collected. Ceftiofur concentrations in composite whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate were analyzed.
Results
The maximum concentration of ceftiofur was higher in ultrafiltrate samples, but no differences were identified in healthy or mastitic quarters. The use of ultrafiltration probes provides a novel technique for free drug concentrations within the mastitic and healthy bovine mammary gland.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Significant inter- and intracow variability and lower daily milk weights may overestimate ceftiofur concentrations available within the cistern. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters reported in milk ultrafiltrate will help establish a link between the PK and the corresponding drug effect, potentially providing a meaningful rationale for the selection of a safe and effective dose in cows with mastitis.
{"title":"Continuous sampling of healthy and mastitic quarters of lactating cattle by ultrafiltration after intramammary ceftiofur hydrochloride administration","authors":"Danielle A. Mzyk, Jennifer L. Halleran, Hannah J. Sylvester, Claire B. Giles, Megan E. Jacob, Ronald E. Baynes, Derek M. Foster","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pharmacological activity of intramammary drugs depends on adequate drug concentrations within the cistern, but sampling is often limited. Insight into the active drug concentration within the mammary cistern may assist in determining effective and appropriate therapeutic decisions for cows being treated for mastitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate the disposition of ceftiofur hydrochloride administered intramammary in diseased and nondiseased quarters. Whole milk and ultrafiltrate sampling techniques were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten mature, late lactation Holstein (n = 9) and Jersey (n = 1) dairy cows (422-670 kg) with naturally occurring clinical mastitis, producing between 1.4 and 15.9 kg/day of milk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ultrafiltration probes were placed in both mastitic and healthy quarters. Each quarter was treated with 2 doses of 125 mg ceftiofur hydrochloride suspension, and whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate samples were collected. Ceftiofur concentrations in composite whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate were analyzed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maximum concentration of ceftiofur was higher in ultrafiltrate samples, but no differences were identified in healthy or mastitic quarters. The use of ultrafiltration probes provides a novel technique for free drug concentrations within the mastitic and healthy bovine mammary gland.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant inter- and intracow variability and lower daily milk weights may overestimate ceftiofur concentrations available within the cistern. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters reported in milk ultrafiltrate will help establish a link between the PK and the corresponding drug effect, potentially providing a meaningful rationale for the selection of a safe and effective dose in cows with mastitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"38 5","pages":"2814-2822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jvim.17155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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