The distribution and severity of lesions in low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL) and lymphoplasmacytic enteritis (LPE) might vary within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and coexist.
Evaluate the distribution of the lesions in cats diagnosed with LPE or LGITL and assess the presence of concurrent inflammatory infiltrates and lesion severity in LGITL cases.
Fifteen cats diagnosed with LGITL and 12 cats with LPE.
Prospective descriptive study including cats diagnosed with LGITL or LPE based on histology and immunohistochemistry between 2019 and 2022. Endoscopic and surgical biopsies of all gastrointestinal segments were performed for histopathologic evaluation. For each LGITL case, concurrent inflammatory infiltrates and the severity of histologic lesions were assessed.
Jejunum was systematically affected, followed by ileum (LGITL: 93% [14/15]; LPE: 92% [11/12]) and duodenum (LGITL: 87% [13/15]; LPE: 100% [12/12]). Stomach (LGITL: 29% [4/14 cats]; LPE: 33% [4/12]) and colonic (LGITL: 2/3; LPE: 3/4) infiltration were less common. Gastroduodenoscopy correctly diagnosed 87% of LGITL cats, but combined upper and lower GI sampling was diagnostic for all LGITL cases. In LGITL cases, stomach exhibited less severe lesions than duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.001, respectively). In 9/15 LGITL cats (60%), concomitant inflammation was found in segments infiltrated with neoplastic lymphocytes.
LGITL shows a heterogeneous distribution within the digestive tract. Endoscopy sampling of the upper and lower GI tract can be considered a first-line diagnosis method. Signs of concurrent inflammation were found in LGITL cases, supporting a possible continuum between LGITL and LPE.
The relationship between fluid characteristics and cause of cavitary effusions is incompletely characterized.
Describe fluid characteristics and cytologic classification of cavitary effusions in dogs and cats.
A total of 269 dogs and 107 cats with cytologic fluid analysis of cavitary effusion.
Retrospective medical record review (2016–2020). Differences among groups were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis testing with post hoc pairwise Dunn's or Fisher's Exact testing.
In dogs, peritoneal transudates most frequently were caused by decreased oncotic pressure (DOP; 63%, p < 0.001) and modified transudates by increased hydrostatic pressure (IHP; 41%, p < 0.001). Peritoneal exudates more frequently were caused by increased vascular permeability (IVP; 40%), ruptured viscera (35%), or neoplasia (23%) compared with IHP or DOP (p < 0.01 for all). Pleural transudates in dogs most frequently were caused by DOP (79%, p < 0.001) and modified transudates by IHP (33%) or neoplasia (29%). Pleural exudates were more likely to be caused by neoplasia (52%) or IVP (36%) compared with IHP or DOP (p < 0.001). In cats, peritoneal effusions commonly were caused by IVP or neoplasia, and pleural effusions by IHP or neoplasia. No statistical relationship was found between cytologic category and cause of effusion in cats.
Cytologic classification and fluid characteristics are most predictive of disease process in peritoneal effusions in dogs, whereas effusions in cats have substantial overlap across causes.
No data after hospitalization for acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs comparing clinical signs to lipase results exists.
Evaluate disease severity, lipase activity, and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) after hospitalization for suspected AP.
One hundred and six client-owned dogs with a minimum of one re-check 2 weeks after hospitalization for AP.
Combined retrospective and prospective study. Clinical signs graded using a clinical disease activity score (CDAS = CIBDAI complemented by abdominal pain) were compared to DGGR-lipase activity (LIPC Roche) and PLI (SpecPL) at 2 weeks (t2, n = 106) after discharge. Additional re-checks were available 6 weeks (t3, n = 56), 12 weeks (t4, n = 24), and 24 weeks (t5, n = 13) after discharge.
Lipase activity and PLI correlated strongly at all time points (rs 0.863–0.937, p < 0.0001). Discordant results in regard to published reference intervals (RI) were rare (2.8% at t2, 1.7% at t3, 4.2% at t4, 0% at t5) and seemed clinically irrelevant. Dogs with still elevated lipase activity and PLI at t2 (24/106.22.6%) and t3 (21/56.37.5%) were significantly older compared to dogs with lipase within RI. Weak and moderate correlation between CDAS and lipase activity/PLI was found only at t2 (rs 0.391, p = 0.0009; rs 0.279, p = 0.004) and t5 (rs 0.603, p = 0.032; rs 0.57 p = 0.045). Most dogs (79.2%) with still elevated lipase at t2 had no or minimal clinical signs (CDAS 0–3). The same applied to all later re-checks.
Both lipase assays did not differ when compared to clinical status. Most dogs with hyperlipasemia after hospitalization for AP have no or minimal clinical signs.
Nerve atrophy results in trigeminal nerve (TN) asymmetry detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in humans, but similar studies have not been performed in horses with idiopathic trigeminal-mediated headshaking (ITMHS).
Horses with ITMHS show greater MRI-detected trigeminal-nerve asymmetry than controls.
A total of 20 adult horses with ITMHS and six unaffected control horses.
Retrospective case-control study of the TN cross-sectional area (TNCSA) based on 3-Tesla MRI scans of the equine brain. TNCSA and its side-to-side differences at four defined measurement points were compared within the two study groups using a linear mixed model. Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was used to evaluate intra-rater repeatability. The primary outcome was side-to-side TNCSA asymmetry, minimizing confounding effects such as body size.
Significantly greater TNCSA side-to-side differences (asymmetry of TN) were detected in horses with ITMHS (F(3,70) = 11.271, p < 0.001). Horses with ITMHS exhibited a 4.1 to 7.6-fold greater TN asymmetry compared to control horses. Absolute TNCSA did not differ significantly between groups but was influenced by body weight. Measurements demonstrated excellent repeatability, and tentative cut-off values could be calculated to discriminate between ITMHS and control horses based on TNCSA asymmetry.
The asymmetry of the TNCSA in horses with ITMHS indicates unilateral or asymmetric disease of the TN. The present study highlights the value of MRI examinations in ITMHS and could pave the way for targeted therapeutic approaches.
A 4-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a three-day history of dyspnea and lethargy. Abdominal ultrasonography and thoracic radiographs revealed the presence of abdominal and pleural effusions, along with both uterine horns and a rounded mass in the pelvic abdomen. Both effusions were compatible with modified transudates rich in protein and negative for infectious disease. The mass and uterus were surgically removed, and histology revealed a normal cycling ovary and uterine glandular hyperplasia. At the two-week follow-up after surgery, the effusion had completely disappeared, and the cat had fully recovered. In human medicine, Meigs' syndrome is characterized by the triad of pleural and abdominal effusions along with ovarian mass, most commonly fibromas. This is a report describing a Meigs' like syndrome in a young cat with ovarian remnant tissue.
S. S. Taylor, H. C. M. Ferreira, A. F.P. Cambra, G. L. Lacono, K. Jeevaratnam, I. Mesa-Sanchez, and R. R. F. Ferreira, “Feline Blood Donation: Description and Adverse Reactions From 29 201 Donation Events Between 2019 and 2023,” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 38, no. 6 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17215.
In the above-mentioned article, Table 4 “Summary statistics for a set of predictors stratified by the adverse reaction status and after stratifying for weight” had some entries from Table 3 “Summary statistics for a set of predictors stratified by the adverse reaction status” mistakenly mixed in and a missing subheader of “Weight > median (4.3 kg).” The corrected entries are highlighted in red bold fonts. The correct table is displayed here.
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Bajon, F., Arsenault, J. and Blais, M.C. (2025), Prevalence of a Novel Immunogenic Feline Erythrocyte Antigen (FEA 6) and Expression Patterns Between FEAs. J Vet Intern Med, 39: e70094. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70094.
In the above-mentioned article, in the Abstract Animals section the word “hundread” appears instead of “hundred.” The correct spelling of the number is “Two hundred seven.”
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A 10-year-old mixed-breed dog was presented with progressive neurological deficits suggestive of polyneuropathy. CT and MRI revealed no relevant abnormalities, whereas the CSF analysis showed a marked lymphocytic pleocytosis, immunocytochemically classified as T-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy ensued with no improvement of clinical signs. Cerebrospinal fluid reanalysis still revealed a mild lymphocytic pleocytosis. MRI of the brain and spinal cord solely showed a reduced ventral subarachnoid and epidural space (Th11-L2) and mild enlargement of the central canal in this area. Postmortem examination revealed thickening of the spinal nerve roots and ganglia. Histologically, a marked intraspinal-subdural and intraneural, as well as intra-ganglionic, infiltration by large lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system was visible. Immunohistochemically, the infiltrating lymphoblasts were CD3 positive, confirming T-cell origin. Neurolymphomatosis is a rarely described neoplastic disease in dogs. The present case highlights the importance of analysis of CSF in neurologically abnormal dogs.
K. Kurogochi, S. Furusato, E. Takahashi, M. Tabata, M. Mizuno, Y. Nii, and M. Uechi. “Long-Term Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair With Artificial Chordae and Annuloplasty for Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs,” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 39, no. 4 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70171.
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