Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献_第4页

The association between taurine concentrations and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet in English cocker spaniels: The Canine taURinE (CURE) project 英国可卡犬牛磺酸浓度与犬的特征、临床变量和饮食之间的关系：犬牛磺酸（CURE）项目。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17150

Karin Kriström, Jens Häggström, Andrea J. Fascetti, Lena Ström, Mark Dirven, Joshua Yu, Titti Sjödal Essén, Anna Tidholm, Paul D. Pion, Ingrid Ljungvall

Background

Occurrence of low blood taurine concentrations (B-TauC) and predisposing factors to taurine deficiency in English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) are incompletely understood.

Objectives

Investigate the occurrence of low B-TauC in a Swedish population of ECS and evaluate the association between B-TauC and dog characteristics, clinical variables, and diet composition.

Animals

One-hundred eighty privately owned ECS.

Methods

Dogs were prospectively recruited and underwent physical examination, blood analyses, and echocardiographic and ophthalmic examinations. Dogs with clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) also underwent thoracic radiography. Taurine concentrations were analyzed in plasma (EDTA and heparin) and whole blood. Diets consumed by the dogs at the time of the examination were analyzed for dietary taurine- (D-TauC), cysteine- (D-CysC), and methionine concentrations (D-MetC).

Results

Fifty-three of 180 dogs (29%) had low B-TauC, of which 13 (25%) dogs had clinical and radiographic signs of CHF, increased echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimensions and volumes, and impaired LV systolic function. Five (9%) dogs with low B-TauC had retinal abnormalities. Dietary MetC, dietary animal protein source (red/white meat), and age were associated with B-TauC in the final multivariable regression model (P < .001, R²_adj = .39).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Low B-TauC suggests that taurine deficiency may play a role in the development of myocardial failure and CHF in ECS. Low D-MetC and diets with red meat as the animal protein source were associated with low B-TauC. Dogs with B-TauC below the normal reference range were older than dogs with normal concentrations.

背景：人们对英国可卡犬（ECS）血液中牛磺酸浓度（B-TauC）偏低的发生率和牛磺酸缺乏症的诱发因素了解甚少：调查瑞典可卡犬群体中低 B-TauC 的发生率，并评估 B-TauC 与犬的特征、临床变量和饮食组成之间的关联：动物：180 只私人饲养的 ECS：方法：前瞻性地招募犬只，并对其进行体格检查、血液分析、超声心动图和眼科检查。有充血性心力衰竭（CHF）临床症状的狗也要接受胸部X光检查。对血浆（EDTA 和肝素）和全血中的牛磺酸浓度进行了分析。对检查时狗食用的膳食中的牛磺酸（D-TauC）、半胱氨酸（D-CysC）和蛋氨酸浓度（D-MetC）进行了分析：180 只狗中有 53 只（29%）B-TauC 含量低，其中 13 只（25%）狗有慢性心力衰竭的临床和影像学症状，超声心动图左心室（LV）尺寸和容积增大，左心室收缩功能受损。五只（9%）低 B-TauC 狗出现视网膜异常。在最终的多变量回归模型中，膳食中的 MetC、膳食中的动物蛋白来源（红肉/白肉）和年龄与 B-TauC 相关（P 2 adj = .39）：低 B-TauC 表明，牛磺酸缺乏可能在 ECS 患者心肌衰竭和慢性心力衰竭的发展过程中起作用。低D-MetC和以红肉为动物蛋白来源的饮食与低B-TauC有关。B-TauC低于正常参考范围的狗比B-TauC浓度正常的狗年长。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous sampling of healthy and mastitic quarters of lactating cattle by ultrafiltration after intramammary ceftiofur hydrochloride administration 乳房内注射盐酸头孢噻呋后，通过超滤对泌乳牛的健康区和乳房炎区进行连续采样。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17155

Danielle A. Mzyk, Jennifer L. Halleran, Hannah J. Sylvester, Claire B. Giles, Megan E. Jacob, Ronald E. Baynes, Derek M. Foster

Background

Pharmacological activity of intramammary drugs depends on adequate drug concentrations within the cistern, but sampling is often limited. Insight into the active drug concentration within the mammary cistern may assist in determining effective and appropriate therapeutic decisions for cows being treated for mastitis.

Objective

Evaluate the disposition of ceftiofur hydrochloride administered intramammary in diseased and nondiseased quarters. Whole milk and ultrafiltrate sampling techniques were compared.

Animals

Ten mature, late lactation Holstein (n = 9) and Jersey (n = 1) dairy cows (422-670 kg) with naturally occurring clinical mastitis, producing between 1.4 and 15.9 kg/day of milk.

Methods

Ultrafiltration probes were placed in both mastitic and healthy quarters. Each quarter was treated with 2 doses of 125 mg ceftiofur hydrochloride suspension, and whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate samples were collected. Ceftiofur concentrations in composite whole milk and milk ultrafiltrate were analyzed.

Results

The maximum concentration of ceftiofur was higher in ultrafiltrate samples, but no differences were identified in healthy or mastitic quarters. The use of ultrafiltration probes provides a novel technique for free drug concentrations within the mastitic and healthy bovine mammary gland.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Significant inter- and intracow variability and lower daily milk weights may overestimate ceftiofur concentrations available within the cistern. The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters reported in milk ultrafiltrate will help establish a link between the PK and the corresponding drug effect, potentially providing a meaningful rationale for the selection of a safe and effective dose in cows with mastitis.

背景：乳房内药物的药理活性取决于乳房贮水池内足够的药物浓度，但取样往往有限。了解乳腺贮水池内的活性药物浓度有助于为接受乳腺炎治疗的奶牛确定有效、适当的治疗方案：评估患病和未患病牛群乳房内注射盐酸头孢噻呋的处置情况。比较全乳和超滤取样技术：动物：10 头成熟的泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛（9 头）和娟珊奶牛（1 头）（422-670 千克），患有自然发生的临床乳腺炎，产奶量在 1.4 至 15.9 千克/天之间：方法：在患有乳房炎的牛舍和健康牛舍都放置了超滤探针。每个季度用 2 次 125 毫克盐酸头孢噻呋悬液治疗，并收集全乳和牛奶超滤样品。对全脂牛奶和牛奶超滤液中的头孢噻呋浓度进行分析：结果：头孢噻呋在超滤液样品中的最高浓度较高，但在健康或患有乳房炎的牛群中没有发现差异。超滤探针的使用为乳房炎和健康牛乳腺内游离药物浓度的检测提供了一种新技术：奶牛之间和奶牛内部的显著变异性以及较低的日奶重量可能会高估贮水池中的头孢噻呋酯浓度。乳汁超滤液中的药代动力学（PK）参数将有助于建立 PK 与相应药物效果之间的联系，从而为乳腺炎奶牛选择安全有效的剂量提供有意义的依据。

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引用次数: 0

Use of sedation-awakening electroencephalography in dogs with epilepsy 在癫痫犬中使用镇静-唤醒脑电图。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17153

Marcin Wrzosek, Aleksandra Banasik, Adriana Czerwik, Agnieszka Olszewska, Marta Płonek, Veronika Stein

Background

Electroencephalography (EEG) recording protocols have been standardized for humans. Although the utilization of techniques in veterinary medicine is increasing, a standard protocol has not yet been established.

Hypothesis

Assessment of a sedation-awakening EEG protocol in dogs.

Animals

Electroencephalography examination was performed in a research colony of 6 nonepileptic dogs (control [C]) and 12 dogs with epilepsy admitted to the clinic because of the epileptic seizures.

Methods

It was a prospective study with retrospective control. Dogs with epilepsy were divided into 2 equal groups, wherein EEG acquisition was performed using a “sedation” protocol (IE-S, n = 6) and a “sedation-awakening” protocol (IE-SA, n = 6). All animals were sedated using medetomidine. In IE-SA group, sedation was reversed 5 minutes after commencing the EEG recording by injecting atipamezole IM. Type of background activity (BGA) and presence of EEG-defined epileptiform discharges (EDs) were evaluated blindly. Statistical significance was set at P > 0.05.

Results

Epileptiform discharges were found in 1 of 6 of the dogs in group C, 4 of 6 of the dogs in IE-S group, and 5 of 6 of the dogs in IE-SA group. A significantly greater number of EDs (spikes, P = .0109; polyspikes, P = .0109; sharp waves, P = .01) were detected in Phase 2 in animals subjected to the “sedation-awakening” protocol, whereas there was no statistically significant greater number of discharges in sedated animals.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

A “sedation-awakening” EEG protocol could be of value for ambulatory use if repeated EEG recordings and monitoring of epilepsy in dogs is needed.

背景：人类的脑电图（EEG）记录协议已经标准化。尽管在兽医学中使用该技术的情况越来越多，但标准协议尚未制定：假设：评估狗的镇静-唤醒脑电图方案：方法：这是一项前瞻性研究，同时也是一项回顾性研究：这是一项带有回顾性对照的前瞻性研究。患有癫痫的狗被分为两个等量组，其中脑电图采集采用 "镇静 "方案（IE-S，n = 6）和 "镇静-唤醒 "方案（IE-SA，n = 6）。所有动物均使用美托咪定镇静。在 IE-SA 组，开始脑电图记录 5 分钟后，通过注射阿替帕唑 IM 逆转镇静。对背景活动（BGA）类型和脑电图定义的癫痫样放电（ED）的存在进行盲法评估。统计显著性设定为 P > 0.05：C 组 6 只狗中有 1 只出现痫样放电，IE-S 组 6 只狗中有 4 只出现痫样放电，IE-SA 组 6 只狗中有 5 只出现痫样放电。接受 "镇静-唤醒 "方案的动物在第二阶段检测到的ED（尖峰，P = .0109；多尖峰，P = .0109；尖波，P = .01）数量明显增多，而镇静动物的放电数量在统计学上没有明显增加：结论和临床意义：如果需要对狗的癫痫进行反复脑电图记录和监测，"镇静-唤醒 "脑电图方案可能具有非卧床使用的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of fibroblast growth factor 19 concentrations between dogs with and without gallbladder mucoceles 有胆囊粘液瘤和没有胆囊粘液瘤的狗之间成纤维细胞生长因子 19 浓度的比较。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17165

Vy Ngoc Yen Truong, Chin-Chi Liu, Jillian Myers, Mayzie Miller, Amanda Yang, Jeongha Lee, Nancy Welborn, Andrea N. Johnston

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is an enterohepatic hormone the synthesis of which is stimulated by bile acid activation of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in ileal enterocytes. Increased production of FGF19 downregulates hepatocyte bile acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis, while concurrently upregulating hepatocyte glycogenesis and gallbladder (GB) filling. The physiologic impact of this regulatory cycle is illustrated in cholecystectomized humans, in whom the disturbed meal-related flux of GB bile decreases serum FGF19 concentrations.

Objective

Determine if serum FGF19 concentrations are lower in dogs with clinical GB mucoceles (GBMs) than in control dogs.

Animals

Seven dogs with GBM diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography, biochemical markers, and GB histopathology. Forty-two control dogs without gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary disorders also were evaluated. Health status of controls was assessed by physical examination and diagnostic hematologic and biochemical test results.

Methods

Prospective cross-sectional study to compare fasting plasma or serum FGF19 concentrations between groups. Concentrations of FGF19 were quantified by a commercially available FGF19 ELISA.

Results

Concentrations of FGF19 were significantly lower in dogs with clinical GBM (median, 14.0 pg/mL; range, 12.8-67.2) than in control dogs (median, 145.3 pg/mL; range, 36.5-285.1).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In dogs, GBM is associated with significantly decreased serum FGF19 concentrations. We speculate that this finding reflects compromised GB contraction and decreased enterohepatic circulation of bile flow. Subnormal FGF19 concentrations may influence bile acid synthesis and hepatic metabolism.

背景：成纤维细胞生长因子 19（FGF19）是一种肠肝激素，其合成受到胆汁酸激活回肠肠细胞核法尼类固醇 X 受体（FXR）的刺激。FGF19 生成的增加会下调肝细胞胆汁酸合成和葡萄糖生成，同时上调肝细胞糖生成和胆囊（GB）充盈。在胆囊切除的人体中，与进餐相关的胆囊胆汁通量紊乱会降低血清 FGF19 的浓度，这说明了这种调节循环的生理影响：目的：确定患有临床胆囊粘液瘤（GBM）的狗的血清 FGF19 浓度是否低于对照狗：动物：7 只通过腹部超声波检查、生化标记物和胃肠道组织病理学检查确诊为 GBM 的狗。还对 42 只没有胃肠道或肝胆疾病的对照组犬进行了评估。对照组的健康状况通过体格检查、诊断性血液学和生化检验结果进行评估：前瞻性横断面研究：比较各组间空腹血浆或血清中 FGF19 的浓度。采用市售的 FGF19 ELISA 对 FGF19 的浓度进行量化：结果：临床 GBM 患者的 FGF19 浓度（中位数，14.0 pg/mL；范围，12.8-67.2）明显低于对照组（中位数，145.3 pg/mL；范围，36.5-285.1）：结论和临床意义：在犬中，GBM 与血清 FGF19 浓度显著降低有关。我们推测这一发现反映了 GB 收缩功能受损和胆汁流的肠肝循环减少。FGF19 浓度异常可能会影响胆汁酸合成和肝脏代谢。

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引用次数: 0

Use of extracorporeal hemoperfusion therapy in an adult horse with Clostridioides difficile colitis and severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome 在一匹患有艰难梭菌结肠炎和严重全身炎症反应综合征的成年马身上使用体外血液灌流疗法。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17154

Kallie J. Hobbs, Andre N. V. Le Sueur, Kimberly Hallowell, Emily Martin, Mary Katherine Sheats, Yu Ueda

An 8-year-old American Quarter Horse gelding was treated with extracorporeal hemoperfusion (HP) therapy for treatment of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) colitis-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). The gelding developed C. difficile associated peracute colitis and severe SIRS as evidenced by a positive fecal C. difficile PCR and tachypnea, tachycardia, fever, neutropenia, altered mucous membrane color, and hyperlactatemia. Concurrent acute kidney injury in the horse limited the use of routine anti-inflammatory and anti-lipopolysaccharide treatments, including flunixin meglumine and polymyxin B, because of potential for nephrosis. Extracorporeal HP therapy was performed twice within 48 hours of the onset of severe SIRS during which the horse's physical examination variables stabilized. The horse was euthanized after 4 days because of laminitis. These findings support further investigation of extracorporeal HP therapy as an adjunctive treatment for severe SIRS/sepsis in horses.

一匹 8 岁的美国季马骟马接受了体外血液灌流（HP）疗法，以治疗艰难梭菌（C. difficile）结肠炎诱发的全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）。这匹阉马出现了艰难梭菌相关的急性结肠炎和严重的 SIRS，表现为粪便艰难梭菌 PCR 阳性、呼吸急促、心动过速、发热、中性粒细胞减少、粘膜颜色改变和高乳酸血症。由于可能导致肾脏坏死，马匹并发的急性肾损伤限制了常规消炎和抗脂多糖治疗的使用，包括氟尼辛葡甲胺和多粘菌素 B。在出现严重 SIRS 的 48 小时内，对该马进行了两次体外高压治疗，在此期间，该马的体格检查变量趋于稳定。4 天后，这匹马因为蹄叶炎被安乐死。这些研究结果支持将体外高压疗法作为治疗马匹严重SIRS/败血症的辅助疗法进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

A prospective evaluation of succinct prednisone tapering after brain tumor irradiation in dogs 前瞻性评估狗脑肿瘤照射后泼尼松的简短减量。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17163

Jason R. Strasberg, John H. Rossmeisl, Krista L. Kelsey, Hiroto Yoshikawa, Tracy L. Gieger, Michael W. Nolan

Background

To ameliorate anticipated or ongoing neurological deficits, dogs undergoing brain tumor irradiation often are prescribed lengthy courses of prednisone PO during and after radiotherapy (RT). This practice can contribute to unwanted corticosteroid-associated morbidity and may be unnecessary.

Objective

Determine whether long-term corticosteroid dependency can be minimized by use of succinct prednisone tapering.

Animals

Fifty-five pet dogs undergoing brain tumor irradiation.

Methods

Nineteen dogs were treated using a “rapid-taper” protocol wherein corticosteroid dose reduction began 0 to 20 days after completing RT. Outcomes were compared with a retrospectively studied control group (“slow-taper”; N = 36 dogs) in which corticosteroids were tapered more slowly according to individual clinician recommendations.

Results

Patient demographics were similar between groups. Mean time to lowest prednisone dose was 41 days postirradiation in the rapid-taper group and 117 days in the slow-taper group (P = .003). In the rapid-taper group, 15 of 19 dogs (84%) were completely tapered off prednisone, vs 18 of 36 (50%) in the slow-taper group (P = .04). Rates at which corticosteroids had to be reinstituted later were similar for the 2 groups (approximately 1 in 3 dogs). Adverse effect rates were similar for the 2 groups. Although no comparable questionnaire-derived data were available for the “slow-taper” group, overall and neurologic quality of life remained stable after RT in the rapid-taper group.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

For many dogs, lengthy courses of PO prednisone are avoidable after intracranial RT. Future efforts should aim to identify which dogs benefit most from accelerated prednisone tapering.

背景：为了改善预期的或持续的神经功能缺损，接受脑肿瘤照射的狗通常会在放疗（RT）期间和之后服用长疗程的泼尼松（prednisone PO）。这种做法可能会导致不必要的皮质类固醇相关发病率，而且可能是不必要的：目的：确定是否可以通过使用简洁的泼尼松减量法最大限度地减少对皮质类固醇的长期依赖：动物：55 只接受脑肿瘤照射的宠物狗：19只宠物狗接受了 "快速减量 "方案治疗，即在完成放射治疗后0至20天开始减少皮质类固醇剂量。将结果与回顾性研究的对照组（"缓慢减量"；N = 36 只狗）进行比较，在对照组中，皮质类固醇的减量根据临床医生的个人建议以更慢的速度进行：两组患者的人口统计学特征相似。快速减量组距泼尼松最低剂量的平均时间为放疗后 41 天，而缓慢减量组为 117 天（P = .003）。在快速减量组中，19 只狗中有 15 只（84%）完全停用了泼尼松，而在缓慢减量组中，36 只狗中有 18 只（50%）完全停用了泼尼松（P = .04）。两组以后必须重新使用皮质类固醇的比率相似（大约每 3 只狗中有 1 只）。两组的不良反应率相似。虽然 "缓慢减量 "组没有可比的问卷调查数据，但快速减量组的总体生活质量和神经系统生活质量在 RT 后保持稳定：结论和临床意义：对于许多狗来说，颅内 RT 后可以避免长时间服用 PO 泼尼松。未来的工作目标应该是确定哪些狗最受益于泼尼松的加速减量。

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引用次数: 0

Feline acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation scores and other prognostic factors in cats with first-time diabetic ketoacidosis 初次患糖尿病酮症酸中毒的猫急性患者生理和实验室评估评分及其他预后因素。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17151

Yael Ad, Rebecka S. Hess

<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE) scores have not been reported in cats with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Hypothesis</h3> <p>In cats with DKA, APPLE scores will be significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors and these scores will predict mortality.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Animals</h3> <p>Sixty-eight cats with DKA.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Retrospective study. The APPLE scores, blood glucose concentration (BG), venous pH, and ketone concentrations were compared between survivors and non-survivors. Simple logistic regression was used to determine if these variables predict the binary variable of survival or non-survival, and if they did, an empirical optimal cut point for mortality prediction was calculated.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The APPLE<sub>fast</sub> and APPLE<sub>full</sub> scores were significantly higher in non-survivors (30 cats; <span></span><math> <mrow> <mn>24.6</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>7.4</mn> </mrow></math> and <span></span><math> <mrow> <mn>45.2</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>7.3</mn> </mrow></math>, respectively) compared with survivors (38 cats; <span></span><math> <mrow> <mn>20.9</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>6.2</mn> </mrow></math> and <span></span><math> <mrow> <mn>41.7</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>6.5</mn> </mrow></math>; <i>P</i> = .01 and <i>P</i> = .02, respectively). The APPLE<sub>fast</sub> (<i>P</i> = .03) but not the APPLE<sub>full</sub> scores (<i>P</i> = .06) predicted mortality. For every 1 unit increase in the APPLE<sub>fast</sub> score, the odds of death increased by 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006-1.17; <i>P</i> = .03). Median BG was significantly higher in non-survivors (431 mg/dL; range, 260-832 mg/dL) compared with survivors (343 mg/dL; range, 256-738 mg/dL; <i>P</i> = .01) and BG predicted mortality (<i>P</i> = .02). For every 1 mg/dL increase in BG, the odds of death increased by 1.004 (95% CI, 1.0006-1.008). Empirical optimal

背景：糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）猫的急性患者生理和实验室评估（APPLE）评分尚未见报道：假设：在患有 DKA 的猫中，非存活者的 APPLE 评分将明显高于存活者，并且这些评分将预测死亡率：方法：回顾性研究：方法：回顾性研究。比较存活者和非存活者的 APPLE 评分、血糖浓度 (BG)、静脉 pH 值和酮体浓度。使用简单逻辑回归确定这些变量是否能预测存活或未存活的二元变量，如果能预测，则计算出预测死亡率的经验最佳切点：非存活者（30 只；分别为 24.6 ± 7.4 $24.6pm 7.4 $ 和 45.2 ± 7.3 $45.2pm 7.3 $）的 APPLEfast 和 APPLEfull 分数明显高于存活者（38 只；分别为 20.9 ± 6.2 $20.9pm 6.2 $ 和 41.7 ± 6.5 $41.7pm 6.5 $；P = .01 和 P = .02）。APPLE快速评分（P = .03）而非APPLE全面评分（P = .06）可预测死亡率。APPLEfast 评分每增加 1 个单位，死亡几率增加 1.08（95% 置信区间 [CI]，1.006-1.17；P = .03）。非存活者的血糖中位数（431 mg/dL；范围：260-832 mg/dL）明显高于存活者（343 mg/dL；范围：256-738 mg/dL；P = .01），血糖预测死亡率（P = .02）。血糖每升高 1 毫克/分升，死亡几率增加 1.004 (95% CI, 1.0006-1.008)。APPLEfast 和 BG 预测死亡率的经验最佳切点分别为 24.5 和 358 mg/dL：APPLEfast评分和BG可预测DKA猫的死亡率，可用于在猫DKA临床试验中按死亡风险对人群进行分层。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolomic profiling of pheochromocytomas in dogs: Catecholamine phenotype and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites 狗嗜铬细胞瘤的代谢组学分析：儿茶酚胺表型和三羧酸循环代谢物。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17148

Marit F. van den Berg, Nicole Bechmann, Hans S. Kooistra, Monique E. van Wolferen, Elpetra P. M. Timmermans-Sprang, Mirko Peitzsch, Sara Galac

Background

In humans with pheochromocytomas (PCCs), targeted metabolomics is used to determine the catecholamine phenotype or to uncover underlying pathogenic variants in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle genes such as succinate dehydrogenase subunits (SDHx).

Hypothesis/Objectives

To analyze catecholamine contents and TCA cycle metabolites of PCCs and normal adrenals (NAs).

Animals

Ten healthy dogs, 21 dogs with PCC.

Methods

Prospective observational study. Dogs diagnosed with PCC based on histopathological and immunohistochemical confirmation were included. Tissue catecholamine contents and TCA metabolites in PCCs and NAs were measured by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry or electrochemical detection.

Results

Compared to NAs, PCCs had significantly higher tissue proportion of norepinephrine (88% [median: range, 38%-98%] vs 14% [11%-26%]; P < .001), and significantly lower tissue proportion of epinephrine (12% [1%-62%] vs 86% [74%-89%]; P < .001). Pheochromocytomas exhibited significantly lower fumarate (0.4-fold; P < .001), and malate (0.5-fold; P = .008) contents than NAs. Citrate was significantly higher in PCCs than in NAs (1.6-fold; P = .015). One dog in the PCC group had an aberrant succinate : fumarate ratio that was 25-fold higher than in the other PCCs, suggesting an SDHx mutation.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This study reveals a distinct catecholamine content and TCA cycle metabolite profile in PCCs. Metabolite profiling might be used to uncover underlying pathogenic variants in TCA cycle genes in dogs.

背景：在嗜铬细胞瘤（PCCs）患者中，靶向代谢组学被用于确定儿茶酚胺表型或揭示三羧酸（TCA）循环基因（如琥珀酸脱氢酶亚基（SDHx））的潜在致病变异：分析 PCC 和正常肾上腺（NAs）的儿茶酚胺含量和 TCA 循环代谢物：方法：前瞻性观察研究：方法：前瞻性观察研究。方法：前瞻性观察研究。纳入根据组织病理学和免疫组化证实诊断为 PCC 的犬只。采用液相色谱-质谱法或电化学检测法测量 PCC 和 NA 中的组织儿茶酚胺含量和 TCA 代谢物：结果：与 NAs 相比，PCCs 组织中去甲肾上腺素的比例明显更高（88% [中位数：范围 38%-98%] vs 14% [11%-26%]；P 结论和临床意义：本研究揭示了 PCC 中儿茶酚胺含量和 TCA 循环代谢物的独特特征。代谢物图谱分析可用于发现狗体内 TCA 循环基因的潜在致病变异。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility of transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for multicatheter electrophysiological mapping studies in horses 经胸超声心动图引导马匹多导管电生理映射研究的可行性。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-03 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17156

Ingrid Vernemmen, Eva Buschmann, Marie Demeyere, Lize-Maria Verhaeghe, Glenn Van Steenkiste, Annelies Decloedt, Gunther van Loon

Background

Improved characterization of arrhythmias is based on minimally invasive catheterizations. However, these catheterizations have been poorly explored in horses because apart from 3-dimensional (3D) mapping systems, continuous guidance of the catheter's position with adequate detail is difficult using current imaging modalities.

Hypothesis

Position multiple electrophysiology catheters simultaneously at predetermined strategical positions in the heart using transthoracic echocardiographic guidance.

Animals

Eight adult healthy horses.

Methods

Observational study. Two electrophysiological studies were performed: 1 procedure with catheters positioned in the right heart in the standing sedated horse and 1 procedure under general anesthesia with catheters positioned in the left heart. Except for the coronary sinus catheter, each catheter positioning was simultaneously guided by right-parasternal transthoracic echocardiography and 3D electro-anatomical mapping.

Results

For each catheter position, a central imaging plane was taken as the starting point, after which the imaging probe was shifted, rotated, and angulated to visualize the catheter over its entire length, including its distal electrode. Catheter positionings in the right heart and left ventricle were successfully guided in the majority of the horses whereas catheter positionings in the left atrium, and especially the pulmonary veins, were challenging to guide echocardiographically.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Ultrasound guidance of catheters to specific positions useful for electrophysiological mapping was feasible in the right heart and left ventricle but challenging for the left atrium. This approach creates a perspective for minimally invasive arrhythmia diagnosis without the need for a 3D mapping system. Left parasternal views and intracardiac echocardiography might provide better guidance for left atrial positions.

背景：改进心律失常的特征描述以微创导管术为基础。然而，这些导管术在马匹身上的应用还很有限，因为除了三维（3D）绘图系统外，目前的成像模式很难持续引导导管的位置并提供足够的细节：动物：8 匹成年健康马：方法：观察研究：观察研究。进行了两次电生理研究：一次是在站立镇静状态下将导管置于右心，另一次是在全身麻醉状态下将导管置于左心。除冠状窦导管外，每个导管的定位都同时由右胸骨旁经胸超声心动图和三维电子解剖图引导：每次导管定位都以中心成像平面为起点，然后移动、旋转和调整成像探头，以观察导管的整个长度，包括其远端电极。大多数马匹都能成功引导导管在右心和左心室的定位，而导管在左心房，尤其是肺静脉的定位则很难用超声心动图引导：结论和临床意义：用超声波引导导管至特定位置以绘制电生理图在右心和左心室是可行的，但在左心房则具有挑战性。这种方法为微创心律失常诊断提供了一个视角，而无需三维绘图系统。左胸骨旁切面和心内超声心动图可为左心房位置提供更好的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Dysregulated serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in dogs with chronic enteropathy 慢性肠病犬血清中脂溶性维生素浓度失调。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17107

Federica Serafini, Kristen M. Maxwell, Xiaojuan Zhu, Elizabeth M. Lennon

Background

In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of humans, nutrient malabsorption can result in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, especially of vitamin D. In veterinary species, decreased concentrations of vitamin D are relatively common in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE), but data on the status of other fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) is lacking.

Objectives

Determine the serum concentrations of retinol, vitamin D, and α-tocopherol in dogs with CE compared with healthy dogs and compare clinical, clinicopathologic variables between CE and healthy dogs to detect associations with decreased FSVs concentrations.

Animals

Eighteen client-owned dogs with CE and 33 healthy dogs.

Methods

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), serum retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations were compared between groups. Correlations and multiple regression modeling were used to examine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D, retinol, and α-tocopherol concentrations and clinical and clinicopathological variables.

Results

Dogs with low serum albumin concentrations were more likely to have lower 25(OH)D concentrations than dogs with normal serum albumin concentration. Dogs with CE had higher serum concentrations of retinol, and variable α-tocopherol concentrations. The cause of these dysregulated vitamin concentrations is unclear and requires further study.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Dogs with severe forms of CE should be monitored for decreased concentrations of 25(OH)D. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance and the possible benefit of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.

背景：在兽医物种中，慢性肠病（CE）犬的维生素 D 浓度降低比较常见，但缺乏有关其他脂溶性维生素（FSV）状况的数据：目标：与健康犬相比，确定患有慢性肠病的犬血清中视黄醇、维生素 D 和 α-生育酚的浓度，并比较患有慢性肠病的犬和健康犬的临床和临床病理变量，以检测与脂溶性维生素浓度降低的关系：动物：18 只患有 CE 的客户饲养犬和 33 只健康犬：方法：比较不同组间的血清 25- 羟维生素 D (25[OH]D)、血清视黄醇和 α-生育酚浓度。使用相关性和多元回归模型研究血清 25(OH)D、视黄醇和 α-生育酚浓度与临床和临床病理学变量之间的关系：结果：与血清白蛋白浓度正常的狗相比，血清白蛋白浓度低的狗的 25(OH)D 浓度更低。患有 CE 的犬血清中视黄醇浓度较高，而 α-生育酚浓度则不尽相同。这些维生素浓度失调的原因尚不清楚，需要进一步研究：结论和临床意义：应监测患有严重CE的犬只体内25（OH）D浓度是否降低。需要进行更多的研究，以评估维生素 D 补充剂对这些患者的临床意义和可能的益处。

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引用次数: 0