The European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN) Symposium and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer-reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ECVN. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts.
Measurement of rivaroxaban efficacy using the rivaroxaban-specific anti-Xa assay (raXa) can be used for monitoring in veterinary medicine. Detection of rivaroxaban efficacy using other hemostatic tests would make monitoring timelier and more accessible.
Compare results of raXa with prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration, tissue factor (TF) and kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG), and thrombin generation (TG) in hypercoagulable dogs.
Twelve client-owned dogs, diagnosed with hypercoagulability or thromboembolic disease, and prescribed rivaroxaban, were recruited from a tertiary referral hospital from 2020 to 2022.
Prospective clinical trial. Jugular vein blood samples were collected before treatment, and 1 week and 1–3 months after initiation of rivaroxaban therapy. Hemostatic tests were performed at each visit (3 h after rivaroxaban dosing). TG curve parameters lag time, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), peak, and time to peak (ttpeak) were assessed.
There was a significant linear relationship between raXa and PT (r2 = 0.74, p < 0.001), ETP (r2 = 0.83, p < 0.001), lag time (r2 = 0.87, p < 0.001), peak (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.001), and ttpeak (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.001). There was a weak linear relationship between raXa and kaolin-activated TEG parameter reaction time (R) (r2 = 0.49, p = 0.026). There was no significant relationship between raXa and aPTT, fibrinogen concentration and the remainder of the TEG variables (p > 0.05).
PT and TG correlated with raXa. PT performed at a reference laboratory appeared to be a convenient method to monitor a small cohort of dogs receiving rivaroxaban therapy.
Understanding antimicrobial use practices in goats is essential to ensuring appropriate antimicrobial stewardship.
To describe antimicrobial prescriptions in periparturient does admitted to veterinary teaching hospitals and to determine if any factors were associated with the administration of antimicrobials in general or ceftiofur in particular.
One hundred ninety-eight periparturient does presented to nine university veterinary hospitals from October 2021 to June 2022.
A multicenter cross-sectional study in a prospective design. Data were collected from questionnaire completed by admitting clinician.
Out of 198 periparturient does included in the study, 153 (77%) received antimicrobials during hospitalization. Commonly administered antimicrobials included oxytetracycline (n = 44, 29%), ceftiofur sodium (n = 43, 28%), ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA; n = 27, 18%), potassium penicillin G (n = 15, 10%), procaine penicillin G (n = 14, 9%), florfenicol (n = 14, 9%), tulathromycin (n = 9, 6%), ampicillin trihydrate (n = 4, 3%), and ampicillin sodium (n = 1, 1%). Cesarean section was associated with antimicrobial administration in general (OR = 5.89; 95% CI = 2.49–13.98, p < 0.01) and with ceftiofur administration (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.25–5.17; p = 0.008). Significant variability in ceftiofur administration by hospital was observed (p < 0.001).
Marked heterogeneity was observed in the antimicrobial administration practices in periparturient goats between nine US veterinary teaching hospitals.
The comparative effectiveness of radiotherapy and surgery for treating intracranial meningioma is unknown.
To compare survival after treatment of suspected intracranial meningioma by either surgery or radiotherapy.
Two hundred eighty-five companion dogs with suspected intracranial meningiomas presenting to 11 specialty clinics in three countries.
Parallel cohort comparison study on retrospective data. Dogs diagnosed with intracranial meningioma by board-certified veterinary neurologists or radiologists and treated by radiotherapy or surgery were identified through medical record searches and presenting and survival data extracted. Lesion site was classified as rostro- or caudotentorial and size was measured on contrast magnetic resonance images. Outcome was all-cause death. Analysis of survival by Cox proportional hazards, including selection for optimal multivariable model using lasso, counterfactual modeling including variables associated with treatment allocation and survival.
One hundred sixty-eight dogs received radiotherapy and 117 received surgery. All analyses indicated reduced survival associated with surgery compared to radiotherapy. There was a median survival after surgery of 297 (IQR: 99–768) days compared with 696 (IQR: 368–999) for dogs treated by radiation, associated with a univariable hazard ratio of 1.802 (95% CI: 1.357–2.394). Counterfactual modeling estimated a mean survival of 480 (95% CI: 395–564) days after surgery and 673 (95% CI: 565–782) days after radiotherapy, representing a decrease in survival of 29%. Location and size of the lesion were not associated with survival duration.
Dogs with suspected intracranial meningioma have substantially superior survival after radiotherapy compared to surgery.
Bronchopneumonia (BP) can cause pulmonary hypertension (PH) and secondary cardiovascular changes.
The aim of this study was to describe PH–related transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTE) changes in preweaned dairy calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasonography (TUS).
One hundred and sixty-four calves were selected from 11 commercial dairy farms.
This is a case–control study. The enrolled calves were grouped according to TUS results into either the control group (with normally aerated lungs) or the BP group (calves with lobar BP). Both groups were then subjected to TTE.
Three echocardiographic variables were statistically different between the two groups, which included 104 healthy calves and 60 diagnosed with BP. The internal end-systolic (LVIDs) and end-diastolic diameters of the left ventricle (LVIDd) were significantly (p = 0.033, 0.034, respectively) lower in BP-affected calves (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: LVIDs, 29.65 ± 3.94 mm in healthy calves vs. 28.21 ± 4.44 mm in BP-affected calves; LVIDd, 49.83 ± 4.7 mm in healthy calves vs. 48.11 ± 5.4 in BP-affected calves). The pulmonary artery internal diameter in end-diastole (PAdia) was significantly larger (p = 0.017) in BP-affected calves (16.81 ± 2.68 mm) than in healthy calves (15.75 ± 2.67 mm).
The observed differences in the affected calves were within the normal reference ranges and exhibited clinical relevance. The lack of evident cardiac disturbances indicates that the BP diagnosis in our study sample was made without relevant cardiac alterations, highlighting the potential of TUS's early diagnostic capabilities during BP episodes.
Mild-moderate asthma is common in horses. Inhaled ciclesonide has been approved only for treatment of severe asthma in horses.
We hypothesized that a 10-day treatment course of inhaled ciclesonide (Aservo EquiHaler) would improve clinical signs, endoscopic tracheal mucus scores, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology in racehorses with moderate asthma.
Racehorses with moderate asthma housed at the Emerald Downs Racetrack in Auburn, WA.
Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study. Horses received inhaled ciclesonide (n = 12) or placebo (n = 9) for 10 days. Clinical signs were assessed at different times using the Tesarowski and HOARSI scores and cough during exercise. Endoscopy scoring, BALF cytology, and BALF cell selected gene expression (RT-qPCR) were assessed on Days 0 and 10. Linear and ordinal simple and mixed effects models were used to analyze the data using R statistical software. Significance was set at P < .05.
Only treated horses showed a decrease over time in HOARSI (P ≤ .001), cough (P = .001; −2.83 [−4.37, −1.29]), mast cell % (P = .03; −2.68 [−4.36, −1.0]) and relative expression of IL-6 (P = .002; 0.44 [0.04, −6.99]) and IL-13 (P = .03; 0.52 [0.04, −7.89]) in BAL cells. Treated horses had lower HOARSI (P = .002; −1 [1, 1]) and mast cell % (P = .02; −2.96 [−5.52, −0.39]) on Day 10.
Treatment with inhaled ciclesonide improved clinical signs and decreased BALF mastocytic inflammation in racehorses with moderate asthma without change in the environment. Treatment effect on neutrophilic or eosinophilic asthma remains undetermined. The small number of horses was a study limitation.
There are many causes of kidney disease in dogs. The association of the diagnostic category with survival is unknown.
Determine survival outcomes for biopsy-determined diagnostic categories of kidney disease in dogs.
Six hundred forty-nine dogs were biopsied for evaluation of kidney disease.
Retrospective study. Survival information was obtained for dogs whose kidney biopsy was submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2018. Signalment, serum creatinine (sCr), urine protein : creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum albumin (sAlb) were reported at the time of biopsy. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed for the 14 categories with >10 cases having follow-up to determine hazard ratios (HR), using focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) as baseline.
The median survival time (MST) for all dogs with follow-up (n = 649) was 608 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 109-1475 days). The most follow-up was obtained for FSGS (n = 138, MST 536 days). Dogs with renal amyloidosis (n = 80) had the shortest survival (MST 76 days, IQR 8-299 days) and, in the multivariate analysis including age, sCr, sAlb, and UPCR, an increased risk of death (HR 1.79 [95% CI: 1.22-2.65], P < .01). Dogs with podocytopathy, membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), mixed MGN, membranoproliferative GN (MPGN), and mixed MPGN had decreased risk of death. Regardless of category, increasing age, sCr, and UPCR and decreased sAlb were associated with a greater risk of death.
The diagnostic category is associated with survival in dogs with kidney disease. Survival of individual dogs within each category was highly variable.
I am writing regarding the article “An artificial neural network-based model to predict chronic kidney disease in aged cats” published in Volume 34, Issue 5 of Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM). The authors assess the ability of their model to predict the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) within 12 months using baseline laboratory data (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine specific gravity) obtained from cats ≥ 7 years old. Azotemia was defined as a serum creatinine concentrations ≥ 2 mg/dL. I am wondering whether the authors could please specify the percentage of cats with a baseline serum creatinine concentration between 1.6 and 1.9 mg/dL that were included in the testing dataset. Because these cats would be classified as having International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 CKD from the outset [1], the reported performance of the model may be inflated.
The author declares no conflicts of interest.
A 15-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented with increasingly frequent vestibular episodes. The cat exhibited episodes of a head tilt, nystagmus, abnormal mental state, vocalizing, hypersalivation, restlessness, and vomiting. Episodes were <60 minutes long with normal inter-episode condition. Systemic evaluations were generally benign. Magnetic resonance imaging documented a small meningioma in the left temporoparietal junction area with no other structural evidence of vestibular system pathologies. The episode frequency decreased with administration of levetiracetam which was discontinued 91 days post-craniotomy. The cat had 2 more limited vestibular episodes: 1 at 211 days after craniotomy, and the second at 489 days after craniotomy. The cat maintained normal inter-episode condition until it was euthanized for unrelated transitional cell carcinoma 907 days post-craniotomy.
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