Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献_第4页

Transtracheal Wash Fluid Collection and Analysis in Healthy Goats 健康山羊经气管洗液采集及分析。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70211

Bridget J. Savitske, Richard J. Dulli, Narayan C. Paul, Kevin E. Washburn

Background

Transtracheal wash (TTW) is frequently used to characterize respiratory disease in companion animals, cattle, and horses, but no description of TTW methods or fluid analysis in healthy goats is available.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Describe a technique for collecting TTW fluid (TTWF) from healthy goats and describe the nucleated cell populations within and bacterial populations isolated from TTWF in healthy goats.

Animals

Thirty-three healthy university-owned Boer does.

Methods

Prospective descriptive study. Percutaneous TTW was performed in sedated healthy goats. Retrieved TTWF from each goat was analyzed for cytologic findings, and aerobic and anaerobic microbiologic cultures were performed.

Results

Aliquot recovery volume averaged 10.8%. Four doses were excluded from summary statistics for TTWF cytology and culture. In 29 TTWF samples, macrophages were the predominant cell population (40%–92%) followed by small lymphocytes (3%–39%) and neutrophils (2%–32%). Cultures of most samples yielded mixed bacterial growth (62.1%, 18/29). Bibersteinia trehalosi was the most frequently identified bacterial species from pure culture (17.2%, 5/29). No association was found between the cytologic presence of bacteria and bacterial culture results (p = 0.63).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The described TTW method is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in goats that can be performed in a hospital or field setting with commercially available materials. Our results describe the cytologic and bacterial populations identified within TTWF of healthy goats. Cytology results do not predict bacterial growth in healthy goats. Bacterial genera that are routinely associated with bronchopneumonia in goats also are present in health.

背景：经气管冲洗（TTW）经常用于伴侣动物、牛和马的呼吸道疾病特征，但没有对健康山羊的TTW方法或液体分析的描述。假设/目的：描述一种从健康山羊身上采集TTW液（TTWF）的技术，描述健康山羊TTW液中有核细胞群和从TTWF中分离出的细菌群。动物：33只健康的波尔动物。方法：前瞻性描述性研究。经皮TTW对镇静的健康山羊进行。对每只山羊提取的TTWF进行细胞学分析，并进行好氧和厌氧微生物培养。结果：色谱回收率平均为10.8%。4个剂量被排除在TTWF细胞学和培养的汇总统计之外。在29例TTWF样本中，巨噬细胞是优势细胞群（40%-92%），其次是小淋巴细胞（3%-39%）和中性粒细胞（2%-32%）。大多数样品的培养为混合细菌生长（62.1%,18/29）。纯培养中检出最多的菌种是海藻酸Bibersteinia trehalosi（17.2%, 5/29）。细菌的细胞学存在与细菌培养结果之间没有关联（p = 0.63）。结论和临床意义：所描述的TTW方法是山羊的微创诊断程序，可以在医院或现场使用市售材料进行。我们的结果描述了在健康山羊TTWF内鉴定的细胞学和细菌种群。细胞学结果不能预测健康山羊的细菌生长。通常与山羊支气管肺炎相关的细菌属也存在于健康人群中。

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引用次数: 0

Hyperfibrinolysis in Cats: A Retrospective Case–Control Study of 154 Cats 猫的高纤溶：154只猫的回顾性病例对照研究。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70201

Anabel Priego-Corredor, María Rocío del Saiz-Álvarez, Anna Vila-Soriano, Jorge Castro-López, Vicente Herrería-Bustillo

Background

Hyperfibrinolysis (HFL) has not been well described in cats.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Identify risk factors associated with HFL in cats and evaluate its association with survival. Our hypotheses were that cats share similar conditions as dogs and humans with HFL and that it is associated with a worse prognosis.

Animals

A total of 154 client-owned cats had thromboelastography (TEG) performed because of a variety of clinical conditions.

Methods

Retrospective case–control study. Cases were defined as cats with HFL (clot lysis at 30 min [LY30] ≥ 5% or clot lysis at 60 min [LY60] ≥ 10% or both) and controls were cats that had TEG performed but without HFL. Signalment, conditions that may alter fibrinolysis, TEG variables, indications to perform TEG, and outcome were recorded.

Results

Fifty-two cats (33.8%) with HFL and 102 controls (66.2%) were included. Demographic variables were similar between groups. Both liver disease (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–10.6; p < 0.001) and the presence of cavitary effusion (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.8–12.4; p < 0.001) were important risk factors for HFL. Cats with heart disease were less likely to have HFL (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1–0.5; p < 0.001). The presence of HFL was not associated with worse outcome (p = 0.84). Cats with HFL more often were hypocoagulable, whereas cats without HFL more often were hypercoagulable (p < 0.001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Liver disease and cavitary effusion are risk factors for HFL in cats. The presence of HFL did not affect survival.

背景：猫的高纤溶（HFL）尚未得到很好的描述。假设/目标：确定与猫HFL相关的危险因素，并评估其与生存的关系。我们的假设是，猫与狗和人类患有HFL的情况相似，并且与较差的预后有关。动物：由于各种临床条件，共有154只客户拥有的猫进行了血栓弹性成像（TEG）。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。病例定义为患有HFL的猫（30分钟[LY30]凝块溶解≥5%或60分钟[LY60]凝块溶解≥10%或两者兼有），对照组是进行了TEG但没有HFL的猫。记录信号，可能改变纤溶的条件，TEG变量，执行TEG的适应症和结果。结果：纳入HFL猫52只（33.8%），对照组102只（66.2%）。组间人口统计变量相似。两种肝脏疾病（优势比[OR]， 5.0； 95%可信区间[CI]， 2.4-10.6; p）结论和临床重要性：肝脏疾病和腔内积液是猫HFL的危险因素。HFL的存在不影响生存。

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引用次数: 0

Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats After Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass Placement Compared to Cats With Idiopathic Chronic Kidney Disease 与患有特发性慢性肾病的猫相比，皮下输尿管旁路置入术后猫慢性肾病的进展

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70242

Zoe Bennett, Jack S. Lawson, Yu-Mei Chang, Edward Shelton, Jonathan Elliott, Harriet M. Syme, Rebecca F. Geddes

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common sequela of ureteral obstruction, but many cats are non-azotemic after subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) placement.

Objectives

Compare CKD progression rates after SUB placement with idiopathic CKD (iCKD), and explore variables associated with progression.

Animals

Seventy-one referred cats after SUB placement for ureteral obstruction and 89 primary care cats with iCKD.

Methods

Retrospective observational longitudinal study. Baseline (3–6 months after SUB or at CKD diagnosis for iCKD cases) clinicopathological data and CKD progression (≥ 25% increase in creatinine concentration [Cr]) rates were compared between iCKD and SUB cats. Univariable logistic regression identified variables associated with SUB cat CKD progression.

Results

Baseline Cr was lower in the SUB group (SUB, 2.0 mg/dL; iCKD, 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01). For SUB cats with a ≥ 25% increase in Cr within 1 year, 45% (9/20) had SUB obstruction. Of the remaining 11 cats, 35% had a positive urine culture. Only SUB blockage was associated with CKD progression in SUB cats (odds ratio, 33.33; confidence interval [CI], 3.80–292.60; p = 0.002). Progression of CKD within 1 year did not differ between groups (iCKD, 29.5%; SUB, 28.1%; p = 0.85), even after exclusion of obstructed cases (iCKD, 29.5%; SUB, 17.7%; p = 0.12). Median time to CKD progression was not different between groups (iCKD, 833 days; range, 21–2141; SUB, 653 days; range, 43–1662; p = 0.80).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Progression of CKD after SUB placement occurs with similar frequency and time frame as in cats with iCKD, but should prompt assessment for SUB blockage and pyelonephritis.

背景：慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）是输尿管梗阻的常见后遗症，但许多猫在皮下输尿管旁路（SUB）放置后无氮血症。目的比较SUB植入后CKD与特发性CKD （iCKD）的进展率，并探讨与进展相关的变量。71只猫在输尿管梗阻植入后转诊，89只猫在初级护理时患有iCKD。方法回顾性观察性纵向研究。比较了iCKD和亚CKD患者的临床病理数据和CKD进展（肌酐浓度[Cr]增加≥25%）的基线（亚CKD患者诊断为亚CKD后3-6个月）。单变量logistic回归确定了与慢性肾病进展相关的变量。结果基线Cr在SUB组较低（SUB, 2.0 mg/dL; iCKD, 2.3 mg/dL; p = 0.01）。对于1年内Cr升高≥25%的亚猫，45%（9/20）有亚猫梗阻。在剩下的11只猫中，35%的猫尿液培养呈阳性。在亚猫中，只有亚阻塞与CKD进展相关（优势比，33.33；可信区间[CI]， 3.80-292.60; p = 0.002）。即使排除梗阻病例（iCKD, 29.5%； SUB, 28.1%; p = 0.85），两组间CKD在1年内的进展情况也没有差异（iCKD, 29.5%； SUB, 17.7%; p = 0.12）。两组之间CKD进展的中位时间无差异（iCKD， 833天；范围，21-2141；SUB， 653天；范围，43-1662;p = 0.80）。结论和临床意义：植入SUB后CKD的发生频率和时间框架与患有iCKD的猫相似，但应及时评估SUB阻塞和肾盂肾炎。

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引用次数: 0

Multicenter, Retrospective Determination of the Clinical Utility of Screening Tests in Dogs With Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in the United Kingdom and Ireland 英国和爱尔兰犬免疫介导溶血性贫血筛查试验临床应用的多中心回顾性研究

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70226

Tyler Morrison, Ioannis L. Oikonomidis, Hannah K. Walker, Nuno Sousa Santos, Sophie A. Conway, Benoît Cuq, Carolina S. C. Albuquerque, Claudia Gil-Morales, Glynn Woods

Background

Potential triggers of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) are often identified, but their frequency and the benefit of extensive screening for these to individual dogs is uncertain.

Objective

To assess the frequency of non-associative IMHA in dogs undergoing screening in Britain and Ireland and identify where specific tests could be beneficial.

Animals

Two hundred twenty-two client-owned dogs with IMHA.

Methods

Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of dogs with IMHA. Medical records and blood, urine, imaging, and pathology reports were reviewed. Cases were assessed for associative IMHA, and multivariable analysis was performed to define those.

Results

Associative IMHA was present in 73/222 (33%) dogs. Diagnoses included toxic (24/222, 11%); infectious (17/222, 8%); neoplastic (16/222, 7%) and non-infectious inflammatory (13/222, 6%) conditions. A further 102 dogs (46%) had a finding most likely incidental, with no pertinent findings in 47/222 (21%) dogs. Associative IMHA was more likely as patients aged (odds ratio 1.108 per year, 95% CI: 1.012–1.218, p = 0.03).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The benefit of extensive diagnostic screening and implication of detected abnormalities remains uncertain for individual dogs with IMHA in Britain and Ireland. However, older dogs are more likely to have pertinent findings after a diagnosis of IMHA.

免疫介导的溶血性贫血（IMHA）的潜在触发因素经常被发现，但它们的频率和对个体狗进行广泛筛查的益处尚不确定。目的评估在英国和爱尔兰接受筛查的狗中非联想性IMHA的频率，并确定哪些特定的测试可能是有益的。222只客户拥有的狗与IMHA。方法对IMHA犬进行多中心、回顾性队列研究。检查了医疗记录、血液、尿液、影像和病理报告。对相关IMHA病例进行评估，并进行多变量分析来定义这些病例。结果222只犬中有73只（33%）存在联合性IMHA。诊断包括毒性（24/222,11%）；传染性（17/222,8%）；肿瘤（16/ 222,7%）和非感染性炎症（13/ 222,6%）。另外102只狗（46%）的发现很可能是偶然的，47/222只狗（21%）没有相关的发现。随着患者年龄的增长，合并IMHA更有可能发生（比值比1.108 /年，95% CI: 1.012-1.218, p = 0.03）。结论和临床意义在英国和爱尔兰，对患有IMHA的狗进行广泛的诊断筛查的益处和检测到的异常的含义仍不确定。然而，在诊断出IMHA后，年龄较大的狗更有可能有相关的发现。

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引用次数: 0

Estimates of Urinary Calcium Excretion in Dogs With and Without Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis 有和没有草酸钙尿石症犬尿钙排泄的估计

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70224

Danielle E. LaVine, Emily L. Coffey, Jody P. Lulich, Jennifer L. Granick, Eva Furrow

Background

Fractional excretion of calcium (FeCa) and urine calcium-to-creatinine ratios (UCaCr) estimate hypercalciuria, but more data are needed on how well they discriminate between dogs with and without CaOx urolithiasis.

Objective

To determine the performance of FeCa and UCaCr in predicting CaOx urolith status.

Animals

One hundred twenty-one client-owned, normocalcemic dogs: 42 CaOx stone formers (cases) and 79 controls.

Methods

Analytical, retrospective, cross-sectional study. FeCa (%) and UCaCr (mg/mg) were calculated using measurements from urine and blood and were compared by urolith status with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Performance was determined with receiver operating characteristic curves; “optimal” thresholds were selected to maximize sensitivity and specificity. Potential predictors of FeCa and UCaCr (e.g., urolith status, sex, breed, age) were modeled with multivariable regression. Spearman's rank correlation was run for FeCa and UCaCr.

Results

FeCa and UCaCr were greater in cases than controls (p < 0.001 for both); medians were 0.81 (0.12–2.47) and 0.060 (0.008–0.176) in cases and 0.50 (0.08–2.61) and 0.032 (0.005–0.131) in controls. Optimal thresholds for FeCa (0.56) and UCaCr (0.056) had moderate sensitivity (74% and 60%, respectively) and specificity (58% and 75%, respectively). FeCa and UCaCr were strongly correlated (rho = 0.94, p < 0.001) and lower in males than in females (estimate = −0.70 and −0.64, p = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

FeCa or UCaCr perform moderately well for identifying CaOx cases; dogs with high values might benefit from therapy to reduce hypercalciuria. Their high correlation makes the determination of both unnecessary. Lower values in males support the development of sex-specific thresholds.

钙排泄分数（FeCa）和尿钙与肌酐比值（UCaCr）可用于评估高钙尿症，但需要更多的数据来区分狗是否患有CaOx尿石症。目的探讨FeCa和UCaCr对CaOx尿石状况的预测作用。121只客户拥有的正常钙血症犬：42只CaOx结石患者（病例）和79只对照。方法分析性、回顾性、横断面研究。FeCa（%）和UCaCr （mg/mg）使用尿液和血液测量值计算，并通过尿石状况与Wilcoxon秩和试验进行比较。用接收机工作特性曲线确定性能；选择“最佳”阈值以最大限度地提高灵敏度和特异性。FeCa和UCaCr的潜在预测因素（如尿石状况、性别、品种、年龄）采用多变量回归建模。对FeCa和UCaCr进行Spearman秩相关分析。结果病例FeCa和UCaCr均高于对照组（p < 0.001）；病例中位数分别为0.81（0.12-2.47）和0.060(0.008-0.176)，对照组中位数分别为0.50（0.08-2.61）和0.032（0.005-0.131）。FeCa（0.56）和UCaCr（0.056）的最佳阈值具有中等敏感性（分别为74%和60%）和特异性（分别为58%和75%）。FeCa和UCaCr呈强相关（rho = 0.94, p < 0.001），且男性低于女性（估计分别为- 0.70和- 0.64,p = 0.002和0.005）。结论和临床意义：FeCa或UCaCr对CaOx的诊断效果中等；高值狗可能受益于治疗，以减少高钙尿症。它们的高度相关性使得两者的测定都是不必要的。男性较低的数值支持了性别特异性阈值的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Reference Values and Association of Body Weight, Age, and Sex With Echocardiographic Measurements in Non-Athletic Quarter Horses 非运动马的体重、年龄和性别与超声心动图测量的参考值和关联。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70237

Madeline E. Selecky, Elizabeth Williams Louie, Callum Donnelly, Carrie J. Finno, Jessica M. Morgan

Background

Echocardiographic reference intervals for Quarter Horses are infrequently reported.

Objectives

To provide standard echocardiographic measurements for sedentary Quarter Horses and evaluate the relationship between physical characteristics (body weight, age, sex) and echocardiographic measurements.

Animals

Forty-one sedentary Quarter Horses, free of cardiac disease, from a university research herd.

Methods

A cross-sectional study evaluating standardized echocardiograms performed on sedentary Quarter Horses (41) between 2020 and 2022. Reference intervals were calculated for raw and weight-corrected values. Multiple linear regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between the physical characteristics (body weight, age, sex) and echocardiographic variables.

Results

Multiple linear regression showed that every 100 kg of body weight was associated with a 3 (95% CI 1–6) mm thicker left ventricular free wall in systole (p = 0.02), an 8 (95% CI 2–13) mm larger left atrial diameter (p < 0.01), and a 4 (95% CI 0–9) mm larger pulmonary artery diameter (p = 0.04). Every year in age was associated with a 0 (95% CI 0–1) mm larger left atrial diameter (p = 0.02), a 0 (95% CI 0–1) mm larger aortic diameter (p = 0.01), and a 0 (95% CI 0–1) mm larger pulmonary artery diameter (p = 0.01). Left atrial to left ventricular ratio was 1 (95% CI −1 to 0) mm smaller in geldings compared to mares (p = 0.03).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This study provides echocardiographic reference intervals for a cohort of sedentary Quarter Horses and clarifies the association with body weight, age, and sex with these variables.

背景：四分之一马的超声心动图参考区间很少被报道。目的：为久坐的马提供标准的超声心动图测量，并评估身体特征（体重、年龄、性别）与超声心动图测量之间的关系。动物：41匹不动的四分之一马，无心脏病，来自一所大学的研究群。方法：一项横断面研究，评估2020年至2022年间对久坐的马（41）进行的标准化超声心动图。计算原始值和权重修正值的参考区间。采用多元线性回归评价身体特征（体重、年龄、性别）与超声心动图变量之间的关系。结果：多元线性回归显示，每100公斤体重与收缩期左心室游离壁增厚3 (95% CI 1-6) mm （p = 0.02）、左心房内径增大8 (95% CI 2-13) mm (p)相关。结论和临床重要性：本研究为久坐的四分之一马队列提供了超声心动图参考区间，并阐明了体重、年龄和性别与这些变量的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Cystoscopic-Guided Laser Ablation of Intramural Ectopic Ureters in Male Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 18 Cases (2011–2023) 膀胱镜引导下激光消融术治疗犬外壁异位输尿管18例（2011-2023）

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70243

Josh S. Chang, Allyson C. Berent, Chick W. Weisse

Background

There are limited studies on cystoscopic-guided laser ablation for treating ectopic ureters in male dogs. Further investigation is needed to assess its safety and efficacy.

Hypothesis/Objective

Retrospectively describe long-term outcomes in male dogs treated using cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of ectopic ureters (CLA-EU).

Animals

Eighteen client-owned male dogs.

Methods

Medical records of male dogs that had CLA-EU performed were retrospectively reviewed. Continence scores were assigned before and after the procedure. Data collected included signalment, neuter status, age of onset of urinary incontinence, pre- and post-operative continence scores, CBC, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, microbiological urine culture, pre- and post-operative abdominal imaging, EU laterality, concurrent anatomic anomalies, laser type and size used, procedure time, complications, and follow-up.

Results

The procedure was performed successfully in all 28 ureters in the 18 dogs. Post-operative continence scores were significantly improved from pre-operative scores (p = 0.001). Four (22%) dogs were continent at the time of diagnosis. Of the 14 dogs initially incontinent, 11/14 (79%) became continent after CLA-EU without additional treatments, and an additional dog became continent with the addition of medications. Preoperatively, 14/28 kidneys and 17/28 ureters had evidence of hydronephrosis and hydroureter, respectively. Of the dogs, 10/14 with hydronephrosis and 12/17 with hydroureter showed improvement on post-operative ultrasonography. The median follow-up time was 1789 days (range, 98–3560).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

In male dogs, CLA-EU was a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure with good to excellent short- and long-term outcomes, achieving continence in most dogs and improvement or stabilization of associated hydronephrosis and hydroureter.

背景膀胱镜引导下激光消融治疗犬异位输尿管的研究有限。需要进一步的研究来评估其安全性和有效性。假设/目的回顾性描述膀胱镜引导下激光消融异位输尿管（CLA-EU）治疗公犬的长期疗效。18只客户拥有的公狗。方法回顾性分析行CLA-EU手术的公犬病历。在手术前后分别进行自制评分。收集的数据包括信号、中性状态、尿失禁发病年龄、术前和术后尿失禁评分、CBC、血清生化、尿液分析、微生物尿培养、术前和术后腹部成像、EU侧位、并发解剖异常、使用的激光类型和大小、手术时间、并发症和随访。结果18只狗的28条输尿管全部手术成功。术后尿失禁评分较术前显著提高（p = 0.001）。4只（22%）犬在诊断时是大陆犬。在最初失禁的14只狗中，11/14（79%）在没有额外治疗的情况下在CLA-EU后尿失禁，另外一只狗在增加药物治疗后尿失禁。术前14/28个肾脏和17/28个输尿管分别有肾积水和输尿管积水的证据。10/14肾积水犬和12/17输尿管积水犬术后超声检查均有改善。中位随访时间为1789天（范围98-3560天）。结论及临床意义在雄性犬中，CLA-EU是一种安全、有效、微创的手术，具有良好的短期和长期效果，大多数犬实现了尿失禁，并改善或稳定了相关的肾积水和输尿管。

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引用次数: 0

QT Interval and Cardiac Restitution Ratio Complexity in Standardbred Racehorses From Rest to Maximal Effort: Insights Into Arrhythmia Risk 标准赛马从休息到最大努力的QT间期和心脏恢复比复杂性：对心律失常风险的见解

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70207

Amanda Avison, Beverley G. Goderre, W. Glen Pyle, Peter W. Physick-Sheard

Background

Sudden cardiac death is common in racehorses. Factors associated with the QT interval that could predispose to fatal cardiac arrhythmias are unknown. Cardiac restitution, expressed as a ratio of QT/TQ, has been used in humans to assess arrhythmia risk but has not been described in horses during maximal intensity exercise.

Hypothesis/Objective

Describe factors associated with the QT interval and cardiac restitution ratio (CRR) in clinically normal Standardbred racehorses under race-day conditions.

Animals

Archival electrocardiograms from 42 Standardbred horses during live racing in Ontario.

Methods

Observational study performing an automated cardiac restitution analysis. Cardiac cycles were obtained from rest, non-race exercise, non-race recovery, live racing, and post-race recovery periods. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed with both QT interval and CRR as outcomes of interest.

Results

Analysis of 3827 sequential pairs of cardiac cycles was performed. Exercise period and RR interval were highly associated with both QT interval and CRR. Other significant associations varied by exercise period and included: racing gait, sex, age, whether the horse received furosemide, and whether the horse experienced complex ventricular arrhythmias after racing. Interactions between gait and furosemide, and sex and gait were also significant.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

An automated cardiac restitution analysis is feasible in exercising racehorses. The QT-RR interval relationship is multifactorial, and there are numerous significant associations that must be considered to interpret changes in QT interval and CRR in horses.

背景：心源性猝死在赛马中很常见。与QT间期相关的因素是否易致死性心律失常尚不清楚。以QT/TQ比值表示的心脏恢复已用于人类评估心律失常风险，但尚未描述在最大强度运动期间马的情况。假设/目的描述在比赛日条件下临床上正常的标准品种赛马QT间期和心脏恢复比（CRR）的相关因素。动物档案心电图从42标准种马在安大略省现场比赛。方法观察性研究，进行自动心脏恢复分析。从休息、非比赛锻炼、非比赛恢复、现场比赛和赛后恢复阶段获得心脏周期。多变量线性回归分析以QT间期和CRR作为关注的结果。结果共对3827对心脏周期序列进行了分析。运动时间和RR间期与QT间期和CRR高度相关。其他重要的关联因运动时间而异，包括：比赛步态、性别、年龄、马是否服用速尿，以及马在比赛后是否经历了复杂的室性心律失常。步态和速尿、性别和步态之间的相互作用也很显著。结论及临床意义在运动赛马中应用自动心脏恢复分析是可行的。QT- rr间期的关系是多因素的，在解释马的QT间期和CRR的变化时，必须考虑许多重要的关联。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Short-Term Calcifediol Supplementation on Leukocyte Cytokine Production in Healthy Dogs: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial 短期补充钙化二醇对健康犬白细胞细胞因子产生的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉试验

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70240

Jared A. Jaffey, Rachael Kreisler, Robert C. Backus, Danielle Gordon, Lauren Chittick

Background

Vitamin D modulates the immune response in many species, including dogs. To date, research investigating the immunological effects of vitamin D in dogs is limited to in vitro studies.

Objectives

Provide PO calcifediol supplementation to healthy dogs to evaluate its tolerability and assess its effect on leukocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.

Animals

Eleven healthy client-owned dogs with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D₃ (25(OH)D₃) concentrations ≤ 30 ng/mL.

Methods

Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. Dogs were randomized to receive calcifediol at 2.3 μg/kg^0.75 (low-dose), 4.6 μg/kg^0.75 (high-dose), or placebo for 7 days and crossed over to a different treatment arm after 28-day washout periods. Serum 25(OH)D₃ was measured using a modified high-performance liquid chromatography method. Whole blood cultures were performed by incubating blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 24 h, and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured in supernatant using a canine-specific multiplex assay.

Results

Both low-dose (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 62 ng/mL, 59–82) and high-dose (93 ng/mL, 80–113) PO calcifediol supplementation increased serum 25(OH)D₃ concentrations from baseline (22.2 ng/mL, 20.3–29.3; both p < 0.0001). Low-dose and high-dose calcifediol supplementation decreased LPS-stimulated IL-6 by 197 pg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: −369.0 to −24.0; p = 0.03) and 182 pg/mL (95% CI: −355.0 to −8.0; p = 0.04), respectively. Then LPS-stimulated IL-6 concentrations decreased by 2 pg/mL for every 1 ng/mL increase in serum 25(OH)D₃ concentration (95% CI: −3.0 to −0.1; p = 0.03).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Calcifediol supplementation for 7 days was well-tolerated and decreased LPS-stimulated IL-6 concentrations. Oral calcifediol supplementation may have anti-inflammatory effects in dogs.

维生素D可以调节包括狗在内的许多物种的免疫反应。迄今为止，有关维生素D对狗的免疫作用的研究仅限于体外研究。目的向健康犬补充PO钙化二醇，评估其耐受性，并评估其对肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6和IL-10白细胞生成的影响。11只健康犬，血清25-羟基维生素D3 （25(OH)D3）浓度≤30 ng/mL。方法前瞻性、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照交叉研究。狗随机接受2.3 μg/kg0.75（低剂量）、4.6 μg/kg0.75（高剂量）或安慰剂治疗7天，并在28天的洗脱期后转入不同的治疗组。采用改进的高效液相色谱法测定血清25(OH)D3。全血培养采用脂多糖（LPS）、脂质胆酸（LTA）或磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）孵育24小时，上清采用犬类特异性多重测定法测定TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10。结果低剂量（中位数，四分位数范围[IQR]； 62 ng/mL, 59-82）和高剂量（93 ng/mL, 80-113） PO钙化二醇补充均使血清25(OH)D3浓度较基线升高（22.2 ng/mL, 20.3-29.3, p < 0.0001）。低剂量和高剂量钙化二醇补充分别降低了lps刺激的IL-6 197 pg/mL（95%可信区间[CI]:−369.0至−24.0,p = 0.03）和182 pg/mL （95% CI:−355.0至−8.0,p = 0.04）。血清25(OH)D3浓度每增加1 ng/mL， lps刺激下IL-6浓度降低2 pg/mL （95% CI:−3.0 ~−0.1;p = 0.03）。结论及临床意义补充钙化二醇7天耐受性良好，可降低lps刺激下的IL-6浓度。口服钙化二醇补充剂可能对狗有抗炎作用。

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引用次数: 0

Plasma Arginine Vasopressin and Serum Copeptin Concentrations at Rest and After Osmotic- and Non-Osmotic-Based Stimulation Tests in Dogs 犬静息及经渗透和非渗透刺激试验后血浆精氨酸加压素和血清Copeptin浓度

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70219

Mathieu Victor Paulin, Thomas Schermerhorn, Dorsa Mehrabanpour, Suraj Unniappan, Elisabeth Snead

Background

Serum copeptin (sCoP) is used as a surrogate for plasma arginine vasopressin (pAVP) measurement in humans.

Objective

To measure pAVP and sCoP at rest and after osmotic- and non-osmotic stimulation testing in dogs.

Animals

Eight young castrated/spayed healthy research Beagles, eight young intact dogs, and eight old neutered healthy client-owned dogs.

Methods

In this prospective longitudinal study, pAVP and sCoP were measured under iso-(baseline), hypo-(water load followed by intravenous administration of desmopressin [WLT]), and hyper-(water deprivation test [WDT]) osmolar conditions assessed by measured plasma osmolality (pOsm_(m)), and after administration of arginine (AST), IV, and Bovril (BST), PO. The fraction of change (F) in a variable y (e.g., pAVP) between baseline (T₀) and a timepoint X (T_X) during testing was defined as Fy = [y (T_X) – y (T₀)]/y (T₀).

Results

Baseline sCoP had wide inter-individual variations. Mean [range] FpAVP and FsCoP at the end of WDT were +110% [+80; +142] and +18% [+0.4; +38] compared to baseline, respectively. Mean [range] FpAVP after water load and FsCoP after water load followed by desmopressin administration were −22% [−48; −0.5] and −29% [−39; −14] compared to baseline, respectively. Both FpAVP and FsCoP were strongly correlated to FpOsm_(m) (r = +0.76, p = 0.004; r = +0.78, p = 0.002; respectively). When sCoP was measured at T_4h instead of T_2h during WLT, to reflect its longer half-life reported in humans, the correlation between FpAVP_P800 and FsCoP became excellent (r = +0.90, p < 0.001). No stimulation of sCoP secretion occurred during AST or BST.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Serum CoP could be used as a surrogate for pAVP measurement in healthy dogs.

背景：血清copeptin （sCoP）被用作人类血浆精氨酸抗利尿激素（pAVP）测量的替代品。目的测定犬在静息状态及经渗透和非渗透刺激试验后的pAVP和sCoP。8只被阉割/绝育的健康小猎犬，8只完整的小猎犬，8只被阉割的健康客户犬。方法在这项前瞻性纵向研究中，在等（基线）、低（水负荷后静脉给药去氨加压素[WLT]）和高（水剥夺试验[WDT]）渗透压条件下测量pAVP和sCoP，通过测量血浆渗透压（pOsm(m)）以及给药精氨酸（AST）、IV和Bovril （BST）、PO后评估。在测试期间，基线（T0）和时间点X （TX）之间的变量y（例如，pAVP）的变化(F)的分数定义为Fy = [y (TX) - y (T0)]/y （T0）。结果基线sCoP存在较大的个体间差异。WDT结束时FpAVP和FsCoP平均[范围]为+110% [+80]；+142]和+18% [+0.4；+38]分别与基线相比。平均[范围]水负荷后的FpAVP和水负荷后去氨加压素的FsCoP为- 22% [- 48]；−0.5]和−29%[−39；−14]，分别与基线相比。FpAVP和FsCoP与FpOsm(m)呈显著正相关（r = +0.76, p = 0.004; r = +0.78, p = 0.002）。当在WLT期间的第4小时而不是第2小时测量sCoP时，为了反映其在人类中报道的更长的半衰期，FpAVPP800与FsCoP之间的相关性变得很好（r = +0.90, p < 0.001）。在AST和BST期间没有sCoP分泌的刺激。结论及临床意义血清CoP可作为健康犬体内pap测定的替代指标。

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引用次数: 0