Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献_第7页

Effect of phenylbutazone administration on the enteroinsular axis in horses with insulin dysregulation 苯基丁氮酮对胰岛素失调马的肠岛轴的影响

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17256

Kate L. Kemp, Jazmine E. Skinner, François-René Bertin

Background

Phenylbutazone is prescribed for laminitis-associated pain and decreases glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose test (OGT) in horses with insulin dysregulation (ID).

Hypothesis/Objectives

Investigate the effect of phenylbutazone administration on the enteroinsular axis in horses.

Animals

Sixteen horses, including 7 with ID.

Methods

Randomized cross-over study design, with horses assigned to treatment with phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg IV q24h) or placebo (5 mL 0.9% saline). On Day 9 of treatment, an OGT was conducted, followed by a 10-day washout period, administration of the alternative treatment, and repetition of the OGT. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and active glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 (aGLP-1 and GLP-2) concentrations were determined by ELISA. The effects of ID status and treatment on peptide concentrations were assessed using t tests and analyses of variance.

Results

Horses with ID had significantly higher maximum GIP concentrations (Cmax) than controls (median, 279.1; interquartile range [IQR], 117.5-319.4 pg/mL vs median, 90.12; IQR, 74.62-116.5 pg/mL; P = .01), but no significant effect of ID was detected on aGLP-1 and GLP-2 concentrations. In horses with ID, phenylbutazone treatment significantly decreased GIP Cmax compared with placebo (168.1 ± 59.26 pg/mL vs 242.8 ± 121.8 pg/mL; P = .04), but no significant effect of phenylbutazone was detected on aGLP-1 and GLP-2 concentrations.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, aGLP-1 and GLP-2 do not mediate the decrease in glucose and insulin concentrations observed after phenylbutazone administration. Only GIP was repeatedly associated with ID status, calling into question the role of the enteroinsular axis in ID.

背景：苯基丁氮酮是治疗蹄叶炎相关性疼痛的处方药，可降低胰岛素失调（ID）马对口服葡萄糖试验（OGT）的葡萄糖和胰岛素反应：假设/目的：研究苯丁萘酮（phenylbutazone）给药对马肠胰轴的影响：16匹马，其中7匹患有ID：随机交叉研究设计，马匹被分配接受苯丁酮（4.4 mg/kg IV q24h）或安慰剂（5 mL 0.9% 生理盐水）治疗。在治疗的第 9 天，进行一次 OGT，然后是 10 天的冲洗期、使用替代疗法和重复 OGT。葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素多肽（GIP）、活性胰高血糖素样肽 1 和 2（aGLP-1 和 GLP-2）的浓度通过 ELISA 法测定。采用t检验和方差分析评估ID状态和治疗对肽浓度的影响：结果：ID马的GIP最大浓度（Cmax）明显高于对照组（中位数，279.1；四分位数间距[IQR]，117.5-319.4 pg/mL vs 中位数，90.12；IQR，74.62-116.5 pg/mL；P = .01），但未发现ID对aGLP-1和GLP-2浓度有明显影响。在患有ID的马匹中，与安慰剂相比，苯丁酮治疗可显著降低GIP Cmax（168.1 ± 59.26 pg/mL vs 242.8 ± 121.8 pg/mL；P = .04），但未检测到苯丁酮对aGLP-1和GLP-2浓度有显著影响：结论和临床意义：服用苯丁巴酮后，葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽、aGLP-1和GLP-2并不介导葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度的下降。只有 GIP 与 ID 状态反复相关，这使人们对肠胰岛轴在 ID 中的作用产生怀疑。

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引用次数: 0

Retrospective evaluation of risk factors for worsening renal function after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment in dogs 对狗接受血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗后肾功能恶化的风险因素进行回顾性评估。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17252

Yelim Lee, Minju Baek, Dongseop Lee, Jinyeong Park, Yeon Chae, Byeong-Teck Kang, Taesik Yun, Hakhyun Kim

Background

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) have the potential to cause worsening renal function (WRF). Therefore, reevaluation of renal function is recommended 1-2 weeks after starting ACEi therapy.

Objectives

To identify risk factors for WRF in dogs receiving ACEi for cardiac diseases, proteinuria, or systemic hypertension.

Animals

A total of 156 client-owned dogs that received ACEi were included.

Methods

Serum creatinine concentration was determined at the initial presentation and first reevaluation to detect and grade WRF (increase in sCr ≥ 0.3 mg/dL). Grade 1 (nonazotemic), 2 (mild), and 3 (moderate to severe) WRF were characterized by sCr remaining ≤1.6 mg/dL, 1.7-2.5 mg/dL increase, and 2.6-5.0 mg/dL increase, respectively. Demographic and serum chemistry data, such as total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentrations, and serum electrolyte concentrations at first presentation, were evaluated. Multivariable modeling was performed to identify risk factors for WRF after treatment with ACEi.

Results

Worsening renal function was identified in 27/156 (17%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11-0.23) dogs after ACEi treatment. It was classified as Grades 1, 2, and 3 in 17, 2, and 8 dogs, respectively. The only significant factors associated with WRF in dogs receiving ACEi were concurrent administration of furosemide (odds ratio, 5.05; 95% CI, 2.05-12.4; P < .001) and pre-existing azotemia (odds ratio, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.28-8.03; P = .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Although WRF is uncommon and mild, ACEi should be cautiously prescribed in dogs receiving furosemide or those with pre-existing azotemia.

背景：血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEi）有可能导致肾功能恶化（WRF）。因此，建议在开始 ACEi 治疗 1-2 周后重新评估肾功能：目的：确定因心脏疾病、蛋白尿或全身性高血压而接受 ACEi 治疗的狗出现 WRF 的风险因素：方法：测定血清肌酐浓度：在首次发病和首次复查时测定血清肌酐浓度，以检测 WRF 并将其分级（sCr 升高≥ 0.3 mg/dL）。1级（非氮质血症）、2级（轻度）和3级（中重度）WRF的特征分别是sCr剩余≤1.6 mg/dL、增加1.7-2.5 mg/dL和增加2.6-5.0 mg/dL。评估了首次发病时的人口统计学和血清化学数据，如总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮、肌酐、对称二甲基精氨酸、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度和血清电解质浓度。通过多变量模型确定了使用 ACEi 治疗后出现 WRF 的风险因素：结果：27/156（17%，95% 置信区间 [CI]，0.11-0.23）只狗在接受 ACEi 治疗后发现肾功能恶化。分别有 17 只、2 只和 8 只犬的肾功能被分为 1 级、2 级和 3 级。在接受 ACEi 治疗的狗中，与 WRF 相关的唯一重要因素是同时服用呋塞米（几率比 5.05；95% CI，2.05-12.4；P 结论和临床重要性：虽然 WRF 并不常见，而且程度较轻，但对于接受呋塞米治疗的狗或已有氮质血症的狗，应谨慎使用 ACEi。

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引用次数: 0

Genotyping and drug susceptibility profiling of Prototheca sp. strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs 从犬原皮霉病病例中分离出的原皮霉菌株的基因分型和药物敏感性分析。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17173

Angelika Proskurnicka, Mateusz Iskra, Sylwia Wronka, Zofia Bakuła, Patrizia Danesi, Marconi Rodrigues de Farias, Fábio Vinícius Ramos Portilho, Márcio Garcia Ribeiro, Uwe Rösler, Rui Kano, Richard Malik, Tomasz Jagielski

Background

Protothecosis in dogs is a rare, yet emerging disease, distinguished by its often-aggressive clinical course and high fatality rate. Our study was conducted to enhance treatment protocols for affected dogs by better understanding the genetic diversity and drug resistance patterns of Prototheca species.

Objectives

To identify species and drug susceptibility profiles of an international collection of 28 Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in dogs.

Animals

None.

Methods

Retrospective study. Species-level identification was made for isolates from 28 dogs in 6 countries by molecular typing with the partial cytb gene as a marker. For the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum algicidal concentrations (MACs), the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol (M27-A3) was used.

Results

Prototheca bovis was the most prevalent species, accounting for 75% (21/28) of the cases, followed by P. wickerhamii (18%; 5/28) and P. ciferrii (7%; 2/28). Of the 6 drugs tested, efinaconazole (EFZ) was the most potent in vitro, with its median MIC and MAC values equal to 0.125 mg/L. The lowest activity was found for fluconazole (FLU), with MIC and MAC medians of 48 mg/L and 64 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our study identifies P. bovis as the species that most frequently causes protothecosis in dogs, which suggests the possibility of cross-species infection from other animals, especially cows. Additionally, it indicates that EFZ could be used in the treatment of infection in the colon.

背景：犬原皮细胞增多症是一种罕见的新发疾病，其特点是临床病程通常具有侵袭性和高致死率。我们的研究旨在通过更好地了解原皮霉菌的遗传多样性和耐药性模式，加强对患病犬的治疗方案：鉴定从犬原皮霉病病例中分离出的 28 株原皮霉菌的种类和对药物的敏感性：动物：无：方法：回顾性研究。以部分细胞色素基因为标记，通过分子分型对来自 6 个国家 28 只狗的分离株进行了种级鉴定。在确定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀藻浓度（MAC）时，采用了临床实验室标准协会（CLSI）的规程（M27-A3）：结果：牛原壶菌是最常见的菌种，占病例总数的75%（21/28），其次是柳叶原壶菌（18%；5/28）和纤毛原壶菌（7%；2/28）。在测试的 6 种药物中，依芬康唑（EFZ）的体外活性最强，其 MIC 和 MAC 值的中位数均为 0.125 毫克/升。氟康唑（FLU）的活性最低，MIC 和 MAC 中值分别为 48 毫克/升和 64 毫克/升：我们的研究确定了牛海绵状芽孢杆菌是最常导致狗患原皮病的物种，这表明有可能存在来自其他动物（尤其是奶牛）的跨物种感染。此外，它还表明 EFZ 可用于治疗结肠感染。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of laboratory findings indicating pancreatitis in healthy lean, obese, and diabetic cats 评估表明健康瘦猫、肥胖猫和糖尿病猫患有胰腺炎的实验室结果。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17236

Freja K. Jørgensen, Charlotte R. Bjornvad, Birgit Krabbe, Stinna Nybroe, Ida N. Kieler

Background

Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which commonly coexists with pancreatitis in cats. However, obesity has not previously been associated with pancreatitis in cats.

Objectives

To evaluate factors affecting serum concentrations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI), cobalamin and folate in clinically healthy lean, overweight and obese, or diabetic cats.

Animals

Seventy-nine client-owned cats (27 healthy lean [LN, BCS 4-5/9], 30 healthy overweight and obese [OW, BCS 7-9/9], and 22 diabetic [DM]) were included.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. The cats underwent physical examination, and blood tests. Linear regression models compared differences in fPLI, fTLI, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. Fisher's exact test assessed the proportions of cats with fPLI and fTLI indicative of pancreatitis, and hypocobalaminemia. A random forest algorithm identified explanatory variables for cats having fPLI levels indicative of pancreatitis.

Results

No LN cats, while 6/30 (20%) of OW and 10/22 (45%) of DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis. Body condition score (P = .02) and body weight (P = .002) were positively associated with fPLI levels in LN and OW cats. Higher fPLI, and lower cobalamin concentrations were associated with higher age across groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Body condition score and body weight were associated with higher fPLI levels in nondiabetic cats. A larger proportion of OW and DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis compared to LN cats. Whether this indicates subclinical pancreatitis remains to be determined. Hypocobalaminemia was less frequent in OW compared to DM cats.

背景：肥胖是猫患糖尿病的一个危险因素，而糖尿病通常与胰腺炎同时存在。然而，肥胖与猫胰腺炎之前并无关联：评估影响临床健康的瘦猫、超重和肥胖猫或糖尿病猫血清中胰脂肪酶免疫反应性（fPLI）、胰蛋白酶样免疫反应性（fTLI）、钴胺素和叶酸浓度的因素：研究对象：79 只客户饲养的猫（27 只健康瘦猫[LN，BCS 4-5/9]，30 只健康超重和肥胖猫[OW，BCS 7-9/9]，22 只糖尿病猫[DM]）：方法：横断面研究。方法：横断面研究，对猫进行体格检查和血液化验。线性回归模型比较了 fPLI、fTLI、钴胺素和叶酸浓度的差异。费雪精确检验评估了 fPLI 和 fTLI 提示胰腺炎和低钴胺血症的猫的比例。随机森林算法确定了具有胰腺炎指征的 fPLI 水平的猫的解释变量：没有 LN 猫、6/30（20%）只 OW 猫和 10/22（45%）只 DM 猫的 fPLI 浓度表明患有胰腺炎。LN 和 OW 猫的身体状况评分（P = .02）和体重（P = .002）与 fPLI 水平呈正相关。在各组中，较高的 fPLI 和较低的钴胺素浓度与较高的年龄有关：在非糖尿病猫中，身体状况评分和体重与较高的 fPLI 水平相关。与LN猫相比，更多的OW猫和DM猫的fPLI浓度表明患有胰腺炎。这是否表明存在亚临床胰腺炎仍有待确定。与 DM 猫相比，OW 猫的低钴胺血症发生率较低。

{"title":"Evaluation of laboratory findings indicating pancreatitis in healthy lean, obese, and diabetic cats","authors":"Freja K. Jørgensen, Charlotte R. Bjornvad, Birgit Krabbe, Stinna Nybroe, Ida N. Kieler","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which commonly coexists with pancreatitis in cats. However, obesity has not previously been associated with pancreatitis in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate factors affecting serum concentrations of pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI), cobalamin and folate in clinically healthy lean, overweight and obese, or diabetic cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-nine client-owned cats (27 healthy lean [LN, BCS 4-5/9], 30 healthy overweight and obese [OW, BCS 7-9/9], and 22 diabetic [DM]) were included.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. The cats underwent physical examination, and blood tests. Linear regression models compared differences in fPLI, fTLI, cobalamin, and folate concentrations. Fisher's exact test assessed the proportions of cats with fPLI and fTLI indicative of pancreatitis, and hypocobalaminemia. A random forest algorithm identified explanatory variables for cats having fPLI levels indicative of pancreatitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No LN cats, while 6/30 (20%) of OW and 10/22 (45%) of DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis. Body condition score (<i>P</i> = .02) and body weight (<i>P</i> = .002) were positively associated with fPLI levels in LN and OW cats. Higher fPLI, and lower cobalamin concentrations were associated with higher age across groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body condition score and body weight were associated with higher fPLI levels in nondiabetic cats. A larger proportion of OW and DM cats had fPLI concentrations indicative of pancreatitis compared to LN cats. Whether this indicates subclinical pancreatitis remains to be determined. Hypocobalaminemia was less frequent in OW compared to DM cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11627516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS 第 34 届国际妇女理事会大会研究报告。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17231

5–7 September 2024

Cité Centre de Congrès

Lyon, France

The European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine – Companion Animals (ECVIM-CA) Congress and the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine (JVIM) are not responsible for the content or dosage recommendations in the abstracts. The abstracts are not peer reviewed before publication. The opinions expressed in the abstracts are those of the author(s) and may not represent the views or position of the ECVIM-CA. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the abstracts.

ESVC – European Society of Veterinary Cardiology

ESVC—European Society of Veterinary Cardiology

2024 年 9 月 5-7 日法国里昂会议中心欧洲兽医内科学院-伴侣动物（ECVIM-CA）大会和《兽医内科学杂志》（JVIM）对摘要中的内容或剂量建议不承担任何责任。摘要在发表前未经同行评审。摘要中表达的观点仅代表作者本人，可能不代表欧洲兽医内科学大会的观点或立场。摘要内容完全由作者本人负责。 ESVC-欧洲兽医心脏病学会ESVC-欧洲兽医心脏病学会

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive gene expression analysis in gallbladder mucosal epithelial cells of dogs with gallbladder mucocele 对患有胆囊粘液瘤的狗的胆囊粘膜上皮细胞进行全面的基因表达分析。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17157

Itsuma Nagao, Tomoki Motegi, Yuko Goto-Koshino, Masaya Tsuboi, Naohiro Takahashi, James K. Chambers, Kazuyuki Uchida, Kenji Baba, Hirotaka Tomiyasu, Masaru Okuda

Background

Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common disease in the canine gallbladder. Although the pathogenesis of GBM remains unclear, we recently reported that the excessive accumulation of mucin in the gallbladder is not a result of overproduction by gallbladder epithelial cells (GBECs).

Hypothesis/Objectives

Changes in the function of GBECs other than the production of mucin are associated with the pathogenesis of GBM. We performed an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to comprehensively search for abnormalities in gene expression profiles of GBECs in dogs with GBM.

Animals

Fifteen dogs with GBM and 8 dogs euthanized for reasons other than gallbladder disease were included.

Methods

The GBECs were isolated from gallbladder tissues to extract RNA. The RNA-seq analysis was performed using the samples from 3 GBM cases and 3 dogs with normal gallbladders, and the gene expression profiles were compared between the 2 groups. Differences in mRNA expression levels of the extracted differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using samples of 15 GBM cases and 8 dogs with normal gallbladders.

Results

Comparison of gene expression profiles by RNA-seq extracted 367 DEGs, including ANO1, a chloride channel associated with changes in mucin morphology, and HTR4, which regulates the function of chloride channels. The ANO1 and HTR4 genes were confirmed to be downregulated in the GBM group by RT-qPCR.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Our results suggest that GBM may be associated with decreased function of chloride channels expressed in GBECs.

背景：胆囊粘液瘤（GBM）是犬胆囊中的一种常见疾病。虽然 GBM 的发病机制仍不清楚，但我们最近报告说，胆囊中粘蛋白的过度积聚并不是胆囊上皮细胞（GBECs）过度分泌的结果：假设/目的：胆囊上皮细胞（GBECs）除产生粘蛋白外，其功能的变化与胆囊癌的发病机制有关。我们进行了一项 RNA 测序（RNA-seq）分析，以全面搜索 GBM 患犬 GBECs 基因表达谱的异常情况：动物：15 只患有 GBM 的狗和 8 只因胆囊疾病以外的原因安乐死的狗：从胆囊组织中分离 GBECs，提取 RNA。利用 3 只 GBM 病例和 3 只胆囊正常的狗的样本进行了 RNA-seq 分析，并比较了两组狗的基因表达谱。使用 15 例 GBM 病例和 8 例胆囊正常的狗的样本，通过定量反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）验证了提取的差异表达基因（DEGs）mRNA 表达水平的差异：结果：通过 RNA-seq 对基因表达谱进行比较，提取出了 367 个 DEGs，其中包括与粘蛋白形态变化相关的氯离子通道 ANO1 和调节氯离子通道功能的 HTR4。RT-qPCR证实ANO1和HTR4基因在GBM组中下调：我们的研究结果表明，GBM 可能与 GBECs 中表达的氯离子通道功能下降有关。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal assessment of thyroid function in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism: Clinical outcomes and prevalence of autoantibodies 纵向评估肾上腺皮质功能减退症犬的甲状腺功能：临床结果和自身抗体的流行率。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17232

Nadja S. Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Barbara Riond, Federico Fracassi, Claudia Kuemmerle-Fraune, Solène Meunier, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Claudia E. Reusch, Claudia Mueller, Natalie Hofer-Inteeworn, Felicitas S. Boretti

Background

Knowledge about primary hypoadrenocorticism coexisting with immune-mediated thyroiditis (Schmidt's syndrome) in dogs is limited.

Objective

To evaluate thyroid function in dogs with naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism before and during treatment.

Animals

Sixty-six client-owned dogs.

Methods

Measurement of canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH), total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine, and autoantibodies against thyroglobulin, T4, and total triiodothyronine.

Results

Thirty-eight dogs were assessed before and 28 during treatment. Follow-up data were available for 24/38 and 17/28 dogs, with median follow-up duration of 3.8 years (range, <1.0-8.8 years) and 4 years (range, 1.1 weeks to 10.5 years), respectively. Canine thyroid stimulating hormone was above the reference range at the time of diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in 10 of 38 dogs but decreased into the reference range in 7 for which follow-up data was available. Hypothyroidism was confirmed in 5 dogs at a median age of 11 years (range, 7-15 years). In 4 dogs, the condition was diagnosed after a median treatment duration of 5.75 years (range, 2.6-10 years), while in 1 dog, the diagnosis was made concurrently. One dog had detectable thyroid autoantibodies.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Hypothyroidism occurs as a rare concurrent condition in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, potentially at any phase of treatment. Close monitoring of cTSH levels in these dogs could be beneficial, as early changes might indicate the onset of hypothyroidism. The low prevalence of detectable thyroid autoantibodies suggests that nonimmune mechanisms might contribute to thyroid dysfunction.

背景：关于犬原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症与免疫介导的甲状腺炎（施密特综合征）并存的知识非常有限：有关犬原发性肾上腺皮质功能减退症与免疫介导的甲状腺炎（施密特综合征）并存的知识十分有限：目的：评估自然发生的肾上腺皮质功能减退症犬在治疗前和治疗期间的甲状腺功能：动物：66 只客户饲养的犬：方法：测量犬促甲状腺激素（cTSH）、总甲状腺素（T4）、游离甲状腺素以及针对甲状腺球蛋白、T4和总三碘甲状腺原氨酸的自身抗体：治疗前和治疗期间分别对 38 只和 28 只犬进行了评估。有 24/38 和 17/28 只狗的随访数据，随访时间中位数为 3.8 年（范围：1.5 年）：甲状腺功能减退症是肾上腺皮质功能减退症犬罕见的并发症，可能发生在治疗的任何阶段。密切监测这些犬的 cTSH 水平可能会有好处，因为早期的变化可能预示着甲状腺功能减退症的发生。可检测到的甲状腺自身抗体发生率很低，这表明非免疫机制可能是导致甲状腺功能障碍的原因之一。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence-based veterinary medicine—potential, practice, and pitfalls 循证兽医学--潜力、实践和陷阱。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17239

Gary Block

Understanding and incorporating evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) into clinical practice and research continues to pose a challenge for our profession despite over 2 decades of increasing awareness of this concept. Reasons for this include a lack of understanding of its importance to the practice of medicine, veterinary literature that often fails to adhere to evidence-based standards, inadequate attention to teaching EBVM at the university level, and the inherent reluctance of clinicians to alter historical practice styles. For many practitioners, EBVM continues to be an abstract concept they believe requires advanced training in statistics and epidemiology resulting in them relying on less robust sources for clinical guidance. This unfortunately results in suboptimal care for our patients and delayed medical advancements for our profession. As part of the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Association (EBVMA), we are refocusing our efforts to highlight the need for dedicated teaching of EBVM at the university level, for rigorous adherence to established research reporting guidelines, for expansion of EBVM infrastructure, and for the provision of easily accessible tools that permit clinicians to incorporate EBVM into their daily practice. As the quality of veterinary literature improves, so too will development of more effective clinical practice guidelines that ultimately can be widely adopted if they are flexible enough to support the triadic relationship between veterinarians, our clients and our patients. Ultimately, EBVM is not an end unto itself, but rather a means to improve the quality of care we provide our patients.

尽管二十多年来，人们对循证兽医学（EBVM）的认识不断提高，但理解循证兽医学并将其纳入临床实践和研究仍是我们这个行业面临的一项挑战。造成这种情况的原因包括：人们不了解循证医学对医疗实践的重要性；兽医文献往往不符合循证标准；大学对循证兽医教学重视不够；以及临床医师固有的不愿改变传统实践方式的倾向。对于许多从业人员来说，EBVM 仍然是一个抽象的概念，他们认为需要接受统计学和流行病学方面的高级培训，这导致他们在临床指导中依赖于不那么可靠的来源。不幸的是，这导致我们对患者的护理效果不佳，并延误了我们行业的医学进步。作为循证兽医学协会（EBVMA）成立 20 周年纪念活动的一部分，我们重新调整了工作重点，强调需要在大学层面开展专门的循证兽医学教学，严格遵守既定的研究报告准则，扩大循证兽医学基础设施，并提供易于获取的工具，使临床医生能够将循证兽医学纳入日常实践。随着兽医文献质量的提高，更有效的临床实践指南也将随之发展，如果这些指南足够灵活，能够支持兽医、客户和患者之间的三方关系，那么它们最终将被广泛采用。归根结底，EBVM 本身并不是目的，而是提高我们为患者提供的护理质量的一种手段。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics and clinical course of myoclonus in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels 查理士王小猎犬肌阵挛的特征和临床过程。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17227

Matthew James, Mark Lowrie, Clare Rusbridge

Background

Myoclonus has been described in aging Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), but the natural course of the disease and response to treatment have not been described.

Objectives

Report the clinical features and course of myoclonus in CKCS.

Animals

Twenty-seven caregivers provided questionnaire responses at a median of 24 months after the onset of myoclonus in their CKCS. Fifteen caregivers completed a second follow-up questionnaire at a median of 17 months after submission of the first questionnaire.

Methods

The caregivers of affected CKCS were invited to provide video footage for review. Owners of CKCS with videos demonstrating myoclonus then completed the online questionnaire for further evaluation. A second shortened questionnaire was sent to participants at least 6 months after completion of the first.

Results

Most CKCS displayed spontaneous myoclonus affecting predominantly the head (25/27). Overall, the majority had episodes that increased in frequency (20/27) and severity (17/27). Eighteen dogs had developed changes in behavior since the onset of myoclonus. These dogs were typically older and had experienced myoclonic episodes for longer than dogs without behavioral changes. Generalized epileptic seizures were reported in 4/27 dogs. Ten dogs received medical treatment. Eight were prescribed levetiracetam; all had an initial decrease in episode frequency, but a subsequent increase in both frequency and severity of episodes was common.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Myoclonus in CKCS tends to progress in frequency and severity regardless of treatment. Progressive behavioral changes suggestive of cognitive decline are common. These findings support the possibility of an underlying neurodegenerative process.

背景：在老龄查理士王小猎犬（CKCS）中发现了肌阵挛，但这种疾病的自然病程和对治疗的反应尚未得到描述：报告 CKCS 肌阵挛的临床特征和病程：动物：27 名护理人员在 CKCS 肌阵挛发病后 24 个月的中位数时间内填写了调查问卷。15名护理人员在提交第一份问卷后的17个月内完成了第二份随访问卷：方法：邀请受影响的 CKCS 的护理人员提供视频资料以供审查。有视频显示肌阵挛的长江幼犬的主人随后填写了在线问卷，以便进行进一步评估。在完成第一份问卷至少 6 个月后，我们向参与者发送了第二份简短问卷：大多数 CKCS 表现出自发性肌阵挛，主要影响头部（25/27）。总体而言，大多数犬的肌阵挛发作频率（20/27）和严重程度（17/27）都有所增加。有 18 只犬在肌阵挛发生后行为发生了改变。与没有行为变化的犬相比，这些犬通常年龄较大，肌阵挛发作的时间较长。据报告，有 4/27 只狗出现了全身性癫痫发作。十只狗接受了治疗。八只狗接受了左乙拉西坦治疗；所有狗的发作频率最初都有所下降，但随后发作频率和严重程度都普遍上升：结论和临床意义：无论治疗与否，CKCS 肌阵挛的频率和严重程度都会增加。提示认知能力下降的进行性行为变化也很常见。这些发现支持了潜在神经退行性过程的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Serum electrolyte abnormalities in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy 患有慢性炎症性肠病的猫血清电解质异常。

IF 2.1 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17242

Iona Baker, Romy Heilmann, Ramona Knoll, Berenice Schneider, Yuvani Bandara, Simon Priestnall, Aarti Kathrani

Background

Limited information is available on electrolyte abnormalities in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE).

Hypothesis/Objectives

Report the prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities in cats with CIE compared to other gastrointestinal disorders, and determine their association with disease and outcome variables in cats with CIE.

Animals

Three hundred twenty-eight client-owned cats from 2 referral hospitals: CIE (132), alimentary small cell lymphoma (29), acute gastroenteritis (48), and healthy controls (119).

Methods

Retrospective study comparing serum electrolyte concentrations at time of diagnosis among the 4 groups of cats, and associations with clinical signs, intestinal mucosal fibrosis scores, treatment subclassification and outcome in CIE.

Results

Cats with CIE had lower sodium and higher potassium concentrations and lower sodium: potassium ratios compared with healthy cats (P < .001, P = .01, and P < .001, respectively). Cats with CIE and a duodenal mucosal fibrosis score of 2 had lower sodium and lower total calcium concentrations compared with cats that had a score of 0 (P = .02 and P = .01). Cats with CIE and a colonic mucosal fibrosis score of 1 had higher potassium concentrations and lower sodium: potassium ratios compared with cats that had a score of 0 (P = .03 and P = .01). Cats with CIE that died as a result of their disease had higher potassium concentrations and lower sodium: potassium ratios compared to cats that were alive (P = .02 and P = .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Electrolyte abnormalities occur with CIE and, in particular, in cats with higher fibrosis scores and worse outcomes. Further research should aim to determine the pathogenesis of these findings and identify novel therapeutic targets for cats with CIE.

背景：有关慢性炎症性肠病（CIE）猫电解质异常的信息有限：与其他胃肠道疾病相比，报告 CIE 猫电解质异常的发生率，并确定电解质异常与 CIE 猫疾病和结果变量的关系：动物：来自两家转诊医院的 328 只客户饲养的猫：动物：来自两家转诊医院的 328 只客户饲养的猫：CIE（132 只）、消化道小细胞淋巴瘤（29 只）、急性肠胃炎（48 只）和健康对照组（119 只）：回顾性研究：比较四组猫确诊时的血清电解质浓度，以及与临床症状、肠粘膜纤维化评分、治疗亚分类和CIE预后的关系：结果：与健康猫相比，CIE 患猫的钠浓度较低，钾浓度较高，钠钾比也较低（P 结论和临床重要性：CIE 会导致电解质异常，尤其是在纤维化评分较高和预后较差的猫中。进一步的研究应旨在确定这些发现的发病机制，并为 CIE 猫确定新的治疗目标。

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引用次数: 0