Jorge Pérez-Accino, Mazdak Salavati, Laura Glendinning, Silke Salavati Schmitz
Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been advocated as a treatment for chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs. However, so far only short-term clinical effects have been reported whereas the effect on the microbiota remains unexplored.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Assess if a single FMT enema can lead to clinical improvement in dogs with CE when accompanied by presumed favorable microbiota changes. The effect of glycerol as a cryopreservative when storing FMT preparations also was assessed.
Animals
Seven dogs with CE that received FMTs from 2 healthy donor dogs.
Materials and Methods
Six dogs received a single FMT, 1 dog received 3 consecutive FMTs. Canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) and fecal samples were obtained before (Day 0), and 7, 30 and 90 days after FMT. Samples were stored with and without 10% glycerol. Sequencing of microbiota (16S rRNA, Illumina) was performed and compared by accepted analysis pipelines.
Results
Median CCECAI before FMT was 8 (range, 5-14), decreased to a median of 3 (range, 1-12) within 1 week and a median of 1 (range, 0-12) by Day 30 (P < .01), with an average duration of response of approximately 10 weeks. Significant variation in the donors' microbiota composition was observed across different donations. Recipient microbiota composition or diversity did not change over time. Glycerol addition was associated with a difference in microbiota composition (P ≤ .001).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
A single FMT can be considered an appropriate treatment in dogs with CE, but consistent microbiota changes were not observed.
{"title":"Effect of a single rectal fecal microbiota transplantation on clinical severity and fecal microbial communities in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy","authors":"Jorge Pérez-Accino, Mazdak Salavati, Laura Glendinning, Silke Salavati Schmitz","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been advocated as a treatment for chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs. However, so far only short-term clinical effects have been reported whereas the effect on the microbiota remains unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess if a single FMT enema can lead to clinical improvement in dogs with CE when accompanied by presumed favorable microbiota changes. The effect of glycerol as a cryopreservative when storing FMT preparations also was assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven dogs with CE that received FMTs from 2 healthy donor dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six dogs received a single FMT, 1 dog received 3 consecutive FMTs. Canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) and fecal samples were obtained before (Day 0), and 7, 30 and 90 days after FMT. Samples were stored with and without 10% glycerol. Sequencing of microbiota (16S rRNA, Illumina) was performed and compared by accepted analysis pipelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Median CCECAI before FMT was 8 (range, 5-14), decreased to a median of 3 (range, 1-12) within 1 week and a median of 1 (range, 0-12) by Day 30 (<i>P</i> < .01), with an average duration of response of approximately 10 weeks. Significant variation in the donors' microbiota composition was observed across different donations. Recipient microbiota composition or diversity did not change over time. Glycerol addition was associated with a difference in microbiota composition (<i>P</i> ≤ .001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A single FMT can be considered an appropriate treatment in dogs with CE, but consistent microbiota changes were not observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11710856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuttha Hengtrakul, Eva Furrow, Michael Borofsky, Ferenc Toth, Jody P. Lulich
Background
Nephrocalcinosis is a common pathological finding in cats with chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis. Understanding its pathogenesis may identify future therapeutic targets.
Hypothesis
Nephrocalcinosis is associated with expression of an osteogenic phenotype.
Animals
Kidneys with medullary mineralization were obtained from 18 cats (10 with and 8 without nephroliths) undergoing necropsy.
Methods
Cross-sectional study. Microradiography and histopathology (modified von Kossa stain) were used to confirm parenchymal mineralization. Immunohistochemistry for 5 osteogenic markers was performed to determine their co-localization with nephrocalcinosis. The proportion of kidneys with stronger immunointensity in mineralized versus non-mineralized regions was analyzed using 1-tailed sign tests. The proportion of kidneys with co-localization of nephrocalcinosis and each marker was compared between kidneys with and without nephroliths using Fisher's exact tests.
Results
Nephrocalcinosis co-localized with osteopontin immunoreactivity in all 18 cats (100%) and with osteocalcin in 12 cats (67%). Both osteogenic markers had stronger immunointensity in mineralized regions compared with non-mineralized regions. Limited co-localization was observed with other markers: bone morphogenic protein-2 in 2 kidneys (both with nephroliths) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase in 1 kidney (without nephroliths); runt-related transcription factor-2 was undetected. No statistically significant differences were found in the co-localization of nephrocalcinosis with osteogenic proteins between kidneys with and without nephroliths.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Expression of osteogenic proteins in areas of nephrocalcinosis indicates that nephrocalcinosis is associated with the development of an osteogenic phenotype. Targeting these processes could offer a novel approach to prevent nephrolithiasis at its origin.
{"title":"Expression of osteogenic proteins in kidneys of cats with nephrocalcinosis","authors":"Nuttha Hengtrakul, Eva Furrow, Michael Borofsky, Ferenc Toth, Jody P. Lulich","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nephrocalcinosis is a common pathological finding in cats with chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis. Understanding its pathogenesis may identify future therapeutic targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nephrocalcinosis is associated with expression of an osteogenic phenotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kidneys with medullary mineralization were obtained from 18 cats (10 with and 8 without nephroliths) undergoing necropsy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional study. Microradiography and histopathology (modified von Kossa stain) were used to confirm parenchymal mineralization. Immunohistochemistry for 5 osteogenic markers was performed to determine their co-localization with nephrocalcinosis. The proportion of kidneys with stronger immunointensity in mineralized versus non-mineralized regions was analyzed using 1-tailed sign tests. The proportion of kidneys with co-localization of nephrocalcinosis and each marker was compared between kidneys with and without nephroliths using Fisher's exact tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nephrocalcinosis co-localized with osteopontin immunoreactivity in all 18 cats (100%) and with osteocalcin in 12 cats (67%). Both osteogenic markers had stronger immunointensity in mineralized regions compared with non-mineralized regions. Limited co-localization was observed with other markers: bone morphogenic protein-2 in 2 kidneys (both with nephroliths) and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase in 1 kidney (without nephroliths); runt-related transcription factor-2 was undetected. No statistically significant differences were found in the co-localization of nephrocalcinosis with osteogenic proteins between kidneys with and without nephroliths.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Expression of osteogenic proteins in areas of nephrocalcinosis indicates that nephrocalcinosis is associated with the development of an osteogenic phenotype. Targeting these processes could offer a novel approach to prevent nephrolithiasis at its origin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11702495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Milne, Sophie Ekkebus, Daniel Thompson, Robert Brash
Background
Approximately 80% of nasal masses in dogs and 91% of nasal masses in cats are reported to be malignant, but the currently reported diagnostic rate of neoplasia is 54% using blind or rhinoscopic biopsy techniques.
Hypothesis/Objectives
Describe the technique of computed tomography (CT)-guided Tru-Cut (Tru-Cut biopsy needle, Merit Medical Systems, Utah, USA) nasal biopsies in cats and dogs to determine the diagnostic rate of neoplasia on the first round of sampling and to evaluate the safety of the technique.
Animals
Thirty client-owned animals, 16 dogs and 14 cats, that had CT-guided nasal biopsies performed to investigate nasal masses.
Methods
Retrospective, single-center, medical record review of 16 dogs and 14 cats that had CT-guided nasal biopsies performed between 2022 and 2024.
Results
Diagnostic biopsy samples were acquired using CT-guided Tru-Cut sampling in 28/30 cases (93%). The diagnosis was considered clinically appropriate in 26/30 cases (87%): neoplasia in 24/30 cases (80%) and rhinitis in 2/30 cases (7%). Neoplasia was the final diagnosis in 14/16 dogs (88%) and 10/14 cats (71%).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Computed tomographic-guided Tru-Cut biopsies can result in a high first-round diagnosis of neoplasia in nasal masses in cats and dogs, without clinically relevant complications. This technique is a useful alternative method of sampling nasal masses that may be difficult to access via rhinoscopy.
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of computed tomographic-guided Tru-Cut biopsies in 16 dogs and 14 cats with nasal cavity mass lesions","authors":"Jessica Milne, Sophie Ekkebus, Daniel Thompson, Robert Brash","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 80% of nasal masses in dogs and 91% of nasal masses in cats are reported to be malignant, but the currently reported diagnostic rate of neoplasia is 54% using blind or rhinoscopic biopsy techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Describe the technique of computed tomography (CT)-guided Tru-Cut (Tru-Cut biopsy needle, Merit Medical Systems, Utah, USA) nasal biopsies in cats and dogs to determine the diagnostic rate of neoplasia on the first round of sampling and to evaluate the safety of the technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty client-owned animals, 16 dogs and 14 cats, that had CT-guided nasal biopsies performed to investigate nasal masses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective, single-center, medical record review of 16 dogs and 14 cats that had CT-guided nasal biopsies performed between 2022 and 2024.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diagnostic biopsy samples were acquired using CT-guided Tru-Cut sampling in 28/30 cases (93%). The diagnosis was considered clinically appropriate in 26/30 cases (87%): neoplasia in 24/30 cases (80%) and rhinitis in 2/30 cases (7%). Neoplasia was the final diagnosis in 14/16 dogs (88%) and 10/14 cats (71%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Computed tomographic-guided Tru-Cut biopsies can result in a high first-round diagnosis of neoplasia in nasal masses in cats and dogs, without clinically relevant complications. This technique is a useful alternative method of sampling nasal masses that may be difficult to access via rhinoscopy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João Miguel De Frias, Sofie F. M. Bhatti, George Nye, Rita Gonçalves, Tom Harcourt-Brown, Angela Fadda, Katia Marioni-Henry, Hannah Padley, Steven De Decker
Background
Spinal arachnoid diverticulum (SAD) is considered a rare disease in cats. Previous reports mainly classified SAD in cats as acquired.
Hypothesis/Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe the signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and outcome in a group of cats with SAD.
Animals
Twenty-one client-owned cats.
Methods
Multicenter observational retrospective review of the medical records of cats diagnosed with SAD by magnetic resonance imaging.
Results
Most cats were Domestic Short Hair (67%), male (63%), and had a wide range of ages (18 weeks to 13 years old). Neuroanatomical localization was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy in 18 cats (86%) and C1-C5 myelopathy in 3 cats (14%). One cat with a C1-C5 myelopathy demonstrated bilateral vestibular clinical signs. One cat (5%) had fecal incontinence. Most cats demonstrated a chronic, progressive, nonlateralized, nonpainful myelopathy. No underlying previous or concurrent spinal condition was found in 48% of the cats. No difference in age, body weight, breed, sex, treatment, or outcome was found between cats with or without a concurrent spinal disorder. One cat was euthanized after diagnosis. Six cats improved, 1 deteriorated and 1 remained static after surgery, whereas 3 cats improved, 5 deteriorated and 4 remained static after medical management on the short-term outcome. Overall, 73% (8/11) of the cats deteriorated on available long-term follow-up information.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Spinal arachnoid diverticulum should be considered for cats with chronic, progressive, symmetrical, nonpainful myelopathy, particularly if male and with a history of spinal disease or surgery.
{"title":"Spinal arachnoid diverticula in cats: Clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome","authors":"João Miguel De Frias, Sofie F. M. Bhatti, George Nye, Rita Gonçalves, Tom Harcourt-Brown, Angela Fadda, Katia Marioni-Henry, Hannah Padley, Steven De Decker","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17294","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spinal arachnoid diverticulum (SAD) is considered a rare disease in cats. Previous reports mainly classified SAD in cats as acquired.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to describe the signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and outcome in a group of cats with SAD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-one client-owned cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multicenter observational retrospective review of the medical records of cats diagnosed with SAD by magnetic resonance imaging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most cats were Domestic Short Hair (67%), male (63%), and had a wide range of ages (18 weeks to 13 years old). Neuroanatomical localization was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy in 18 cats (86%) and C1-C5 myelopathy in 3 cats (14%). One cat with a C1-C5 myelopathy demonstrated bilateral vestibular clinical signs. One cat (5%) had fecal incontinence. Most cats demonstrated a chronic, progressive, nonlateralized, nonpainful myelopathy. No underlying previous or concurrent spinal condition was found in 48% of the cats. No difference in age, body weight, breed, sex, treatment, or outcome was found between cats with or without a concurrent spinal disorder. One cat was euthanized after diagnosis. Six cats improved, 1 deteriorated and 1 remained static after surgery, whereas 3 cats improved, 5 deteriorated and 4 remained static after medical management on the short-term outcome. Overall, 73% (8/11) of the cats deteriorated on available long-term follow-up information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Spinal arachnoid diverticulum should be considered for cats with chronic, progressive, symmetrical, nonpainful myelopathy, particularly if male and with a history of spinal disease or surgery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurens Van Mulders, Ellen Vanden Broecke, Ellen De Paepe, Femke Mortier, Lynn Vanhaecke, Sylvie Daminet
Background
Although gut-derived uremic toxins are increased in azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats and implicated in disease progression, it remains unclear if augmented formation or retention of these toxins is associated with the development of renal azotemia.
Objectives
Assess the association between gut-derived toxins (ie, indoxyl-sulfate, p-cresyl-sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide [TMAO]) and the onset of azotemic CKD in cats.
Animals
Forty-eight client-owned cats.
Methods
Nested case-control study, comparing serum and urine gut-derived uremic toxin abundance at 6-month intervals between initially healthy cats that developed azotemic CKD (n = 22) and a control group (n = 26) that remained healthy, using a targeted metabolomic approach.
Results
Cats in the CKD group had significantly higher serum indoxyl-sulfate (mean [SD], 1.44 [1.06] vs 0.83 [0.46]; P = .02) and TMAO (mean [SD], 1.82 [1.80] vs 1.60 [0.62]; P = .01) abundance 6 months before the detection of azotemic CKD. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that indoxyl-sulfate (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-9.0; P = .04) and TMAO (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4-11; P = .03) were predictors for the onset of azotemia 6 months before diagnosis. However, renal function biomarkers creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, and urinary specific gravity were significantly correlated with indoxyl-sulfate and TMAO abundance, causing a loss in predictive significance after correction for these factors.
Conclusions
Impaired gut-derived uremic toxin handling is apparent at least 6 months before the diagnosis of azotemia, likely reflecting an already ongoing decrease in GFR, tubular function, or both. A direct causal relationship between gut-derived uremic toxicity and the initiation of CKD in cats is still lacking.
{"title":"Alterations in gut-derived uremic toxins before the onset of azotemic chronic kidney disease in cats","authors":"Laurens Van Mulders, Ellen Vanden Broecke, Ellen De Paepe, Femke Mortier, Lynn Vanhaecke, Sylvie Daminet","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17289","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although gut-derived uremic toxins are increased in azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats and implicated in disease progression, it remains unclear if augmented formation or retention of these toxins is associated with the development of renal azotemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess the association between gut-derived toxins (ie, indoxyl-sulfate, p-cresyl-sulfate, and trimethylamine-N-oxide [TMAO]) and the onset of azotemic CKD in cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight client-owned cats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nested case-control study, comparing serum and urine gut-derived uremic toxin abundance at 6-month intervals between initially healthy cats that developed azotemic CKD (n = 22) and a control group (n = 26) that remained healthy, using a targeted metabolomic approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cats in the CKD group had significantly higher serum indoxyl-sulfate (mean [SD], 1.44 [1.06] vs 0.83 [0.46]; <i>P</i> = .02) and TMAO (mean [SD], 1.82 [1.80] vs 1.60 [0.62]; <i>P</i> = .01) abundance 6 months before the detection of azotemic CKD. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis indicated that indoxyl-sulfate (odds ratio [OR]: 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-9.0; <i>P</i> = .04) and TMAO (OR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.4-11; <i>P</i> = .03) were predictors for the onset of azotemia 6 months before diagnosis. However, renal function biomarkers creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, and urinary specific gravity were significantly correlated with indoxyl-sulfate and TMAO abundance, causing a loss in predictive significance after correction for these factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Impaired gut-derived uremic toxin handling is apparent at least 6 months before the diagnosis of azotemia, likely reflecting an already ongoing decrease in GFR, tubular function, or both. A direct causal relationship between gut-derived uremic toxicity and the initiation of CKD in cats is still lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lecot L, Desmas-Bazelle I, Benjamin S, et al. Descriptive analysis and prognostic factors in cats with myeloma-related disorders: A multicenter retrospective study of 50 cases. J Vet Inter Med. 2024; 38: 1693–1705. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17051
In the above mentioned article, there is an error in section 3 Results, 3.1 Patient signalment, first sentence. The number of Bengal cats is 2 and not 22. The sentence should be as follows. “Fifty cats (43 domestic shorthair cats, 2 Bengal cats, 2 Maine coon cats, 1 Norwegian cat, 1 Siamese cat, and 1 Chartreux cat) were included.”
We apologize for this error.
{"title":"Erratum to “Descriptive analysis and prognostic factors in cats with myeloma-related disorders: A multicenter retrospective study of 50 cases”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17274","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lecot L, Desmas-Bazelle I, Benjamin S, et al. Descriptive analysis and prognostic factors in cats with myeloma-related disorders: A multicenter retrospective study of 50 cases. <i>J Vet Inter Med</i>. 2024; 38: 1693–1705. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.17051</p><p>In the above mentioned article, there is an error in section 3 Results, 3.1 Patient signalment, first sentence. The number of Bengal cats is 2 and not 22. The sentence should be as follows. “Fifty cats (43 domestic shorthair cats, 2 Bengal cats, 2 Maine coon cats, 1 Norwegian cat, 1 Siamese cat, and 1 Chartreux cat) were included.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11681322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clara Sarró, Catherine Stalin, Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana, Ana Cloquell
Background
Episodic ataxias (EAs) are a rare group of paroxysmal movement disorders (PMD) described in human medicine with only one suspected case described in veterinary literature.
Hypothesis/Objectives
This study aimed to provide clinical description of a suspected primary EA in working Cocker Spaniel (WCS) dogs.
Animals
Seven WCS dogs with suspected primary EA.
Methods
Descriptive, retrospecitve, multicenter study. Clinical signs, video footage, investigations, treatment, and outcome were reviewed. Owners of affected dogs were invited to complete a questionnaire.
Results
The mean age at clinical onset was 4 months. Signs were acute and included episodic body swaying, titubation, cerebellar ataxia, wide-base stance, and hypermetria, all while mentation remained unaltered. Neither autonomic nor vestibular signs nor hyperkinetic movements were observed. Duration of episodes ranged from 30 minutes up to 24 hours, and their frequency varied from weekly to once every 5 months. When investigations were performed, results revealed no abnormalities except for 1 dog that had increased gluten antibody titers. None of the dogs deteriorated, and in dogs with available follow-up (5/7) the frequency of episodes decreased or completely resolved, from which the majority (4/5) received gluten-free diet.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance
A novel PMD was identified in young WCS, manifesting as EA. The condition is suspected to have a primary (genetic) etiology, although the cause of this manifestation has not yet been identified. Episodic ataxia in our WCS had a good prognosis. Veterinarians must be aware of this presentation, and further investigations are needed to determine the origin of the clinical signs.
{"title":"Clinical characterization of a novel episodic ataxia in young working Cocker Spaniels","authors":"Clara Sarró, Catherine Stalin, Rodrigo Gutierrez-Quintana, Ana Cloquell","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17268","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Episodic ataxias (EAs) are a rare group of paroxysmal movement disorders (PMD) described in human medicine with only one suspected case described in veterinary literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis/Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to provide clinical description of a suspected primary EA in working Cocker Spaniel (WCS) dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven WCS dogs with suspected primary EA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive, retrospecitve, multicenter study. Clinical signs, video footage, investigations, treatment, and outcome were reviewed. Owners of affected dogs were invited to complete a questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean age at clinical onset was 4 months. Signs were acute and included episodic body swaying, titubation, cerebellar ataxia, wide-base stance, and hypermetria, all while mentation remained unaltered. Neither autonomic nor vestibular signs nor hyperkinetic movements were observed. Duration of episodes ranged from 30 minutes up to 24 hours, and their frequency varied from weekly to once every 5 months. When investigations were performed, results revealed no abnormalities except for 1 dog that had increased gluten antibody titers. None of the dogs deteriorated, and in dogs with available follow-up (5/7) the frequency of episodes decreased or completely resolved, from which the majority (4/5) received gluten-free diet.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel PMD was identified in young WCS, manifesting as EA. The condition is suspected to have a primary (genetic) etiology, although the cause of this manifestation has not yet been identified. Episodic ataxia in our WCS had a good prognosis. Veterinarians must be aware of this presentation, and further investigations are needed to determine the origin of the clinical signs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara A. Jablonski, Jessica L. Strohmeyer, John P. Buchweitz, Andreas F. Lehner, Daniel K. Langlois
Background
It is unknown if glucocorticoid malabsorption contributes to the approximate 50% treatment failure rate in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).
Objective
To compare pharmacokinetics (PK) of orally administered prednisolone in dogs with PLE vs healthy controls.
Animals
Fourteen dogs with well-characterized PLE and 7 control dogs.
Methods
Prospective case-controlled study. Dogs were treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone PO once daily for approximately 3 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected at set timepoints before and after prednisolone administration on the first (T1) and final (T2) study days. Total and non-protein bound serum prednisolone concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetics variables were derived from the drug concentration data. Pharmacokinetics variables were compared between PLE and control dogs and between PLE short-term responders and non-responders.
Results
The PLE dogs had a shorter half-life of the terminal slope than control dogs (harmonic mean of 1.3 vs 1.8 hours; P = .05) whereas the percentage of serum prednisolone that was non-protein bound was higher in PLE dogs than in control dogs (median of 15.7% vs 6.7%; P = .02) at T1. Total prednisolone drug exposures and maximum total serum drug concentrations did not differ between PLE and control dogs at T1 or T2, nor did they differ between short-term responders and non-responders within the PLE population (P > .05 for all comparisons).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Overall drug exposures are similar between PLE dogs and healthy controls. Glucocorticoid malabsorption is unlikely to be a common cause of treatment failure in dogs with PLE.
背景：目前尚不清楚糖皮质激素吸收不良是否导致了蛋白质丢失性肠病（PLE）犬治疗失败率约为50%。目的：比较口服强的松龙在PLE与健康对照犬体内的药代动力学（PK）。动物：14只具有明显特征的PLE犬和7只对照犬。方法：前瞻性病例对照研究。给狗服用1 mg/kg泼尼松龙PO，每天1次，持续约3周。在第一天（T1）和最后一天（T2）给药前后的固定时间点采集静脉血样本。采用液相色谱串联质谱法测定血清强的松龙总浓度和非蛋白结合浓度，并从药物浓度数据导出药代动力学变量。比较了PLE与对照犬以及PLE短期反应犬与无反应犬的药代动力学变量。结果：PLE组犬的终末坡半衰期短于对照组犬(调和平均值为1.3 h vs 1.8 h；P = 0.05)，而非蛋白结合的血清强的松龙在PLE犬中的比例高于对照犬(中位数为15.7% vs 6.7%；P = .02)。在T1或T2时，强的松龙总药物暴露量和最大血清总药物浓度在PLE犬和对照犬之间没有差异，在PLE人群中，短期应答者和无应答者之间也没有差异（P bb0）。所有比较为05)。结论和临床意义：PLE犬与健康对照犬的总体药物暴露相似。糖皮质激素吸收不良不太可能是一个常见的原因治疗失败的狗与PLE。
{"title":"Prednisolone pharmacokinetics in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy","authors":"Sara A. Jablonski, Jessica L. Strohmeyer, John P. Buchweitz, Andreas F. Lehner, Daniel K. Langlois","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is unknown if glucocorticoid malabsorption contributes to the approximate 50% treatment failure rate in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare pharmacokinetics (PK) of orally administered prednisolone in dogs with PLE vs healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen dogs with well-characterized PLE and 7 control dogs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective case-controlled study. Dogs were treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone PO once daily for approximately 3 weeks. Venous blood samples were collected at set timepoints before and after prednisolone administration on the first (T1) and final (T2) study days. Total and non-protein bound serum prednisolone concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetics variables were derived from the drug concentration data. Pharmacokinetics variables were compared between PLE and control dogs and between PLE short-term responders and non-responders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PLE dogs had a shorter half-life of the terminal slope than control dogs (harmonic mean of 1.3 vs 1.8 hours; <i>P</i> = .05) whereas the percentage of serum prednisolone that was non-protein bound was higher in PLE dogs than in control dogs (median of 15.7% vs 6.7%; <i>P</i> = .02) at T1. Total prednisolone drug exposures and maximum total serum drug concentrations did not differ between PLE and control dogs at T1 or T2, nor did they differ between short-term responders and non-responders within the PLE population (<i>P</i> > .05 for all comparisons).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall drug exposures are similar between PLE dogs and healthy controls. Glucocorticoid malabsorption is unlikely to be a common cause of treatment failure in dogs with PLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junwei Föhr, Julia K. Prümmer, Arianna Maiolini, Eliane Marti, Ilijas Jelcic, Beatriz Vidondo, Mario Ziegler, Andrea Bathen-Nöthen, Andrea Tipold, Holger A. Volk, Veronika M. Stein
Background
In dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), 33% develop resistance to conventional anti-seizure medication (ASM) despite adequate treatment. In human medicine, an immune-mediated etiology is suspected in a subset of ASM-resistant patients with epilepsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type oligoclonal bands (OCBs) have been detected. In dogs, cases of autoimmune encephalitis recently were reported. Neuroinflammation may provide an additional explanation for the lack of response of certain dogs with IE to ASM.
Hypothesis
Cerebrospinal fluid-specific OCBs are found in a subgroup of dogs with ASM-resistant IE.
Animals
Eighty-four dogs with IE were recruited from 3 referral centers and classified based on their response to ASM treatment (responsive, n = 56; resistant, n = 28).
Methods
Detection of OCBs was performed using isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by immunoblotting. Associations of CSF-specific OCBs with seizure type, severity, and response to ASM were calculated using logistic regression models.
Results
The overall frequency of CSF-specific OCBs in dogs with IE was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%-25%). In dogs with ASM-resistant IE, 21.4% (6/28) had CSF-specific OCBs compared with only 12.5% (7/56) in those responsive to ASM, but no evidence of an association was detected (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.57-6.35; P = .29).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Cerebrospinal fluid-specific OCBs were detected in a subgroup of dogs with IE. This finding could indicate that intrathecal IgG synthesis as a sign of neuroinflammation may play a role in disease pathogenesis.
{"title":"Cerebrospinal fluid-specific oligoclonal bands in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy","authors":"Junwei Föhr, Julia K. Prümmer, Arianna Maiolini, Eliane Marti, Ilijas Jelcic, Beatriz Vidondo, Mario Ziegler, Andrea Bathen-Nöthen, Andrea Tipold, Holger A. Volk, Veronika M. Stein","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), 33% develop resistance to conventional anti-seizure medication (ASM) despite adequate treatment. In human medicine, an immune-mediated etiology is suspected in a subset of ASM-resistant patients with epilepsy and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type oligoclonal bands (OCBs) have been detected. In dogs, cases of autoimmune encephalitis recently were reported. Neuroinflammation may provide an additional explanation for the lack of response of certain dogs with IE to ASM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Hypothesis</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cerebrospinal fluid-specific OCBs are found in a subgroup of dogs with ASM-resistant IE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Animals</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighty-four dogs with IE were recruited from 3 referral centers and classified based on their response to ASM treatment (responsive, n = 56; resistant, n = 28).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Detection of OCBs was performed using isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by immunoblotting. Associations of CSF-specific OCBs with seizure type, severity, and response to ASM were calculated using logistic regression models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall frequency of CSF-specific OCBs in dogs with IE was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%-25%). In dogs with ASM-resistant IE, 21.4% (6/28) had CSF-specific OCBs compared with only 12.5% (7/56) in those responsive to ASM, but no evidence of an association was detected (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.57-6.35; <i>P</i> = .29).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cerebrospinal fluid-specific OCBs were detected in a subgroup of dogs with IE. This finding could indicate that intrathecal IgG synthesis as a sign of neuroinflammation may play a role in disease pathogenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluating antibody titers for Sarcocystis neurona for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis from serum samples is a common practice. However, ensuring timely and proper refrigeration is not always possible.
Objectives
To evaluate immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) titers for S. neurona from serum samples stored at room temperature and 4°C.
Samples
Twenty-two serum samples.
Methods
Prospective longitudinal study. Two serum aliquots of 1 mL each were stored at room temperature (20-23.3°C) and 4°C. The unrefrigerated aliquot was immediately tested for IFA titers. Both aliquots were retested on Days 5 and 10 after collection. A paired t test was used to compare IFA titers at different time points.
Results
There was no significant difference between IFA titers from baseline with those stored at room temperature at Days 5 (P = .741, 95% CI [−56.83, 78.65]), 10 (P = .677, 95% CI [−50.01, 75.46]), and between 5 and 10 days (P = 0.949, 95% CI [−57.50, 61.14]). There was no significant difference from baseline with those stored at 4°C for Days 5 (P = .964, 95% CI [−81.81, 85.45]), 10 (P = 0.573, 95% CI [−109.4, 62.15]), and between 5 and 10 days (P = .5, 95% CI [−102.6, 51.67]). There was no statistical difference between samples stored at room temperature and 4°C (P = .688, CI [−55.51, 37.33]) on Days 5 and 10 (P = .104, CI [−80.8, 8.07]).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Immunofluorescent antibody test titers for S. neurona are stable for up to 10 days at room temperature and 4°C.
{"title":"Effect of refrigeration, room temperature, and processing time on serum immunofluorescent antibody titers for Sarcocystis neurona","authors":"Claudia Valderrama-Martinez, Andrea Packham, Shichen Zheng, Woutrina Smith, Magdalena Plancarte, Monica Aleman","doi":"10.1111/jvim.17282","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvim.17282","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluating antibody titers for <i>Sarcocystis neurona</i> for the diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis from serum samples is a common practice. However, ensuring timely and proper refrigeration is not always possible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) titers for <i>S. neurona</i> from serum samples stored at room temperature and 4°C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Samples</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two serum samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prospective longitudinal study. Two serum aliquots of 1 mL each were stored at room temperature (20-23.3°C) and 4°C. The unrefrigerated aliquot was immediately tested for IFA titers. Both aliquots were retested on Days 5 and 10 after collection. A paired <i>t</i> test was used to compare IFA titers at different time points.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference between IFA titers from baseline with those stored at room temperature at Days 5 (<i>P</i> = .741, 95% CI [−56.83, 78.65]), 10 (<i>P</i> = .677, 95% CI [−50.01, 75.46]), and between 5 and 10 days (<i>P</i> = 0.949, 95% CI [−57.50, 61.14]). There was no significant difference from baseline with those stored at 4°C for Days 5 (<i>P</i> = .964, 95% CI [−81.81, 85.45]), 10 (<i>P</i> = 0.573, 95% CI [−109.4, 62.15]), and between 5 and 10 days (<i>P</i> = .5, 95% CI [−102.6, 51.67]). There was no statistical difference between samples stored at room temperature and 4°C (<i>P</i> = .688, CI [−55.51, 37.33]) on Days 5 and 10 (<i>P</i> = .104, CI [−80.8, 8.07]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions and Clinical Importance</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunofluorescent antibody test titers for <i>S. neurona</i> are stable for up to 10 days at room temperature and 4°C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49958,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11665959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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