Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献_第3页

In Vivo Radiographic Characteristics Associated With the Mineral Composition of Calcium Oxalate, Struvite, and Cystine Lower Urinary Tract Uroliths in Dogs 狗下尿路尿石中草酸钙、鸟粪石和胱氨酸矿物组成的体内放射学特征

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70252

Diego Pulido Vega, Mathieu Motteau-Lévêque, Christelle Maurey, Jeremy Mortier

Background

Identifying urolith mineral composition (UMC) is crucial for treatment and prevention; however, current data rely on macroscopic or ex vivo studies.

Objectives

To describe in vivo radiographic characteristics of canine lower urinary tract (LUT) uroliths and identify discriminating radiographic features among UMC types.

Animals

Two hundred and two dogs with LUT uroliths composed of ≥ 70% calcium oxalate (n = 109), struvite (n = 58), or cystine (n = 35).

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study. Radiographs were evaluated for urolith size, shape, surface, borders, internal architecture, and quantitative radiopacity, and also assessed using a ratio of urolith-to-L5 vertebra pixel values (UOR). The diagnostic performance of urolith size and UOR was assessed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves, calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results

Calcium oxalate uroliths were often highly radiopaque, associated with concurrent nephroliths, had unique shapes such as bosselated or spiculated, and less commonly ovoid. Struvite uroliths were larger (median: 15 mm; IQR: 8.1–25.8 mm) with a cut-off of ≥ 11 mm (AUC = 0.82, p < 0.001; specificity: 91%, sensitivity: 67%) and were associated with pyramidal shapes or solitary cystoliths. Cystine uroliths had lower radiopacity (median UOR: 0.71; IQR: 0.63–0.80), with a cut-off of UOR ≤ 0.83 (AUC = 0.81, p < 0.001; specificity: 67%, sensitivity: 84%).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In vivo radiographic characteristics such as size, shape, and radiopacity can help differentiate LUT mineral compositions, enabling non-invasive diagnosis and guiding treatment.

背景识别尿石矿物组成（UMC）对治疗和预防至关重要；然而，目前的数据依赖于宏观或离体研究。目的描述犬下尿路（LUT）尿石的体内x线学特征，鉴别不同类型下尿路结石的x线学特征。242只LUT尿石由≥70%草酸钙（n = 109）、鸟粪石（n = 58）或胱氨酸（n = 35）组成。方法回顾性横断面研究。x线片评估尿石的大小、形状、表面、边界、内部结构和定量放射不透明度，并使用尿石与l5椎体像素值（UOR）的比率进行评估。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估尿石大小和尿尿比的诊断价值，计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）。结果草酸钙尿石常呈高度不透光性，伴并发肾结石，形状独特，如骨形或针状，卵球形较少见。鸟粪石尿石较大（中位数：15 mm； IQR: 8.1-25.8 mm），截止值≥11 mm (AUC = 0.82, p < 0.001；特异性：91%，敏感性：67%)，并与锥体形状或孤立性膀胱结石相关。胱氨酸尿石具有较低的放射不透性（中位UOR: 0.71; IQR: 0.63-0.80），截断UOR≤0.83 （AUC = 0.81, p < 0.001；特异性：67%，敏感性：84%）。结论及临床意义体内影像学特征如大小、形状和放射线透明度可以帮助区分LUT的矿物成分，从而实现无创诊断和指导治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocity at the Foramen Magnum in Small Breed Dogs With an Enlarged Ventricular System 相衬磁共振成像识别脑室系统增大的小品种犬枕骨大孔处脑脊液流速低

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70197

Sarah Hubler, Christina Precht, Gertraud Schüpbach-Regula, Veronika M. Stein, Daniela Schweizer

Background

In small breed dogs, enlarged ventricles of the brain are a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In humans, enlarged lateral ventricles are usually the consequence of mesencephalic aqueduct stenosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity measurements indicating obstruction are lacking in dogs.

Objectives

Measure CSF velocity in small breed dogs with ventricular enlargement.

Animals

Velocity of CSF in 17 small breed dogs with enlarged ventricles and 8 small breed dogs with normal-sized ventricles was measured by phase-contrast MRI at the mesencephalic aqueduct, foramen magnum (FM) and second cervical vertebra (C2).

Methods

Peak systolic (PSV) and diastolic (PDV) velocity, peak velocity (PV), difference between peak systolic and diastolic velocity (DPV), average velocity (AV) and maximum average velocity (MAV) were measured.

Results

Dogs with enlarged ventricles had lower PDV, PV, AV, and MAV at the dorsal subarachnoid space of the FM compared with dogs without enlargement (p < 0.05). At the ventral subarachnoid space of FM, moderate decreases in PDV, PV, DPV, AV, and MAV were found with increasing severity of ventricular enlargement.

Conclusion

Ventricular enlargement may be associated with or result in altered CSF flow dynamics, particularly decreased velocity at the craniocervical junction. This relationship may, in turn, reflect underlying structural changes, such as skull shape or craniocervical abnormalities. Therefore, enlarged ventricles in small breed dogs should be considered pathological findings.

在小型犬中，脑室增大是磁共振成像（MRI）的常见发现。人类侧脑室增大通常是中脑导水管狭窄的结果。脑脊液（CSF）速度测量缺乏表明狗梗阻。目的测定小型犬脑室增大时脑脊液流速。对17只脑室增大的小型犬和8只脑室大小正常的小型犬在中脑导水管、枕骨大孔（FM）和第二颈椎（C2）处的脑脊液流速进行了相衬MRI检测。方法测量收缩压峰值（PSV）和舒张压峰值（PDV）速度、峰值速度（PV）、收缩压峰值与舒张压峰值之差（DPV）、平均速度（AV）和最大平均速度（MAV）。结果脑室增大犬脑室网膜下腔背侧的PDV、PV、AV和MAV均低于脑室未增大犬（p < 0.05）。在FM腹侧蛛网膜下腔，随着心室增大的严重程度增加，PDV、PV、DPV、AV和MAV均有中度降低。结论脑室增大可能与脑脊液血流动力学改变有关或导致脑脊液血流动力学改变，特别是颅颈交界处血流速度减慢。这种关系可能反过来反映了潜在的结构变化，如颅骨形状或颅颈异常。因此，小品种犬的心室增大应考虑为病理结果。

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引用次数: 0

Urinary Cystine/Creatinine Concentrations Before and After Castration in Dogs With Suspected Androgen-Dependent Cystine Urolithiasis 疑似雄激素依赖性胱氨酸尿石症犬去势前后尿胱氨酸/肌酐浓度

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70202

Jennifer A. Larsen, Sean E. Hulsebosch, Jeffrey Fine, Eric G. Johnson, Jully Pires, Paula S. Henthorn, Jodi L. Westropp

Background

Androgen-dependent cystinuria has been described in intact male dogs. Castration has been recommended to reduce urinary cystine excretion.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Urinary cystine/creatinine concentration will significantly decrease in dogs with suspected androgen-dependent (Type III) cystinuria after castration and will be associated with a lack of sonographic evidence of urolithiasis.

Animals

Six intact male dogs with cystine uroliths.

Methods

Prospective, observational study. Urinary amino acid/creatinine concentrations and abdominal ultrasound were evaluated at baseline (T0), 30 days (T30), and 90 days (T90) after castration and urolith removal. No dietary change was recommended unless urolith recurrence was noted. DNA was evaluated for the cystinuria-associated marker for Type III cystinuria.

Results

The median decline in urinary cystine/creatinine (uCys/creat) concentration from T0 to T30 was 577 nmol/mg (IQR, 415–969; p = 0.03), from T0 to T90 was 798 nmol/mg (IQR, 580–989; p = 0.03) and from T30 to T90 was 34 nmol/mg (IQR, 19.5–443; p = 0.03). Two dogs had small (2.5–3 mm) uroliths at T30, which resolved in one of them at T90. Both dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of recurrence at T30 were positive for the cystinuria-associated genetic marker, although no signs of lower urinary tract disease were noted in either dog. Three of 6 enrolled dogs were homozygous positive for the genetic marker.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Castration should be considered for intact male dogs with cystine urolithiasis.

研究背景：雄激素依赖性胱氨酸尿症在完整雄性犬中有报道。阉割被推荐用于减少尿胱氨酸排泄。假设/目的去势后，疑似雄激素依赖性（III型）胱氨酸尿症犬的尿胱氨酸/肌酐浓度会显著降低，并与尿石症超声证据缺乏相关。6只患有胱氨酸尿石的完整公犬。方法前瞻性观察性研究。在去势和取尿石后的基线（T0）、30天（T30）和90天（T90）评估尿氨基酸/肌酐浓度和腹部超声。除非发现尿石复发，否则不建议改变饮食。DNA被评估为胱氨酸尿相关标记III型胱氨酸尿。结果T0 ~ T30尿胱氨酸/肌酐（uCys/creat）浓度中位数下降为577 nmol/mg (IQR, 415 ~ 969, p = 0.03)， T0 ~ T90尿胱氨酸/肌酐（uCys/creat）浓度中位数下降为798 nmol/mg (IQR, 580 ~ 989, p = 0.03)， T30 ~ T90尿胱氨酸/肌酐（uCys/creat）浓度中位数下降为34 nmol/mg （IQR, 19.5 ~ 443, p = 0.03）。两只狗在T30时出现小的（2.5-3毫米）尿石，其中一只在T90时消失。这两只犬在T30时超声检查显示有复发迹象，但胱氨酸尿相关遗传标记均呈阳性，尽管两只犬均未发现下尿路疾病的迹象。6只入选的狗中有3只基因标记为纯合子阳性。结论及临床意义完整公犬膀胱胱氨酸尿石症应考虑去势治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Single-Voxel Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings at 3 Tesla in a Dog With Gliomatosis Cerebri 脑胶质瘤病犬单体素质子磁共振波谱在3特斯拉的表现。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70210

Péter Sebestyén, Chris Staudinger, Robert Herzig, Anna Oevermann, Lorenzo Golini, Niklaus Zölch, Katrin Beckmann

Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) represents an antemortem diagnostic challenge in the absence of histopathology. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) features of the disease in humans include elevated myo-inositol (mI)-to-creatine and decreased N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)-to-creatine ratios. Brain 1H-MRS findings at 3 Tesla (3 T) field strength in dogs with GC have not yet been described. A 12-year-old West Highland White Terrier was presented with a progressive history of multifocal encephalopathy. A 3 T MRI revealed a diffuse, bilateral, ill-defined, intra-axial white matter lesion that was T2W and FLAIR hyperintense, T1W iso- to hypointense, showed no contrast enhancement, and was associated with moderate mass effect. 1H-MRS with voxel positioning at the left parietal area showed highly elevated mI and decreased NAA levels compared to healthy control dogs measured using the same protocol in the thalamus. GC was confirmed by stereotactic brain biopsy. Comparable 1H-MRS changes to those reported in humans were identified in a dog with GC.

脑胶质瘤病（GC）代表了在没有组织病理学的临死诊断挑战。人类疾病的质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）特征包括肌醇（mI）与肌酸比值升高和n -乙酰-天冬氨酸（NAA）与肌酸比值降低。GC犬在3特斯拉（3t）场强下的脑1H-MRS结果尚未描述。一个12岁的西高地白梗提出了一个渐进的多灶性脑病的历史。3t MRI显示弥漫性，双侧，界限不清，轴向内白质病变，T2W和FLAIR呈高信号，T1W等至低信号，无增强，伴中度肿块效应。与使用相同方案在丘脑中测量的健康对照犬相比，在左顶叶区域进行体素定位的1H-MRS显示出高度升高的mI和降低的NAA水平。脑立体定向活检证实GC。在一只患有GC的狗身上发现了与人类报告的相似的1H-MRS变化。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Immune System Components in Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy Compared to Healthy Controls 与健康对照组相比，蛋白质丢失性肠病犬免疫系统成分的评估。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70245

Emily Moore, Kyan Thelen Strong, Sara A. Jablonski

Background

Immune system abnormalities including hypogammaglobulinemia and T-cell deficiency occur in humans with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). It is unknown whether similar abnormalities occur in dogs with PLE.

Objective

To evaluate serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and immune cell populations in dogs with PLE (with histologic evidence of chronic inflammatory enteropathy, intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL), or both) compared to healthy controls (HC).

Animals

Eighteen dogs with PLE and 18 HC dogs.

Methods

Prospective study. Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM concentrations were measured via ELISA in treatment-naïve dogs with PLE and compared to concentrations in HC dogs. RNA gene expression of specific immune cell surface markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured in both groups by quantitative PCR.

Results

Dogs with PLE had lower concentrations of serum IgG compared to HC dogs (4.5 mg/mL, range 0.67–22.4 mg/mL vs. 19 mg/mL, range 1.8–80.3 mg/mL; p < 0.001). Serum IgM concentrations were also lower in dogs with PLE versus HC (2.4 mg/mL, range 0.0009–53.1 mg/mL vs. 14.2 mg/mL, range 2.1–172.8 mg/mL; p = 0.002). Expression of CD3e (0.24, range 0.003–1.1 vs. 0.92, range 0.41–3.2; p < 0.001), CD5 (0.17, range 0.01–0.46 vs. 0.94, range 0.23–5; p < 0.001), and CD8 (0.47, range 0.06–1.7 vs. 0.92, range 0.32–2.4; p = 0.007) were reduced in dogs with PLE compared to their mean absolute expression in HC dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Dogs with PLE have quantitative reductions in immune system components, similar to humans with IL. These abnormalities in immune system components might be considered in the management and monitoring of dogs with PLE.

背景：免疫系统异常包括低γ -球蛋白血症和t细胞缺乏发生在蛋白质丢失性肠病（PLE）患者中。目前尚不清楚PLE犬是否也会出现类似的异常。目的：评价与健康对照（HC）相比，PLE（有慢性炎症性肠病、肠淋巴管扩张（IL）或两者的组织学证据）犬的血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）浓度和免疫细胞群。动物：18只PLE犬和18只HC犬。方法：前瞻性研究。采用ELISA法测定treatment-naïve PLE犬血清IgA、IgG和IgM浓度，并与HC犬进行比较。采用定量PCR法检测两组外周血单个核细胞特异性免疫细胞表面标志物RNA基因表达。结果：与HC犬相比，PLE犬血清IgG浓度较低（4.5 mg/mL，范围0.67 ~ 22.4 mg/mL vs. 19 mg/mL，范围1.8 ~ 80.3 mg/mL）； p结论及临床意义：PLE犬免疫系统成分定量降低，与IL患者相似，这些免疫系统成分的异常可能在PLE犬的管理和监测中得到考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics, Nutritional Recommendations, and Medical Interventions of 58 Dogs With Protein-Losing Enteropathy Presenting to a Veterinary Nutrition Service 58只狗的特征、营养建议和医疗干预与蛋白质丢失性肠病呈现给兽医营养服务。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70247

Chris Margrey, Angela W. Rollins, M. Katherine Tolbert, Maryanne Murphy, Xiaojuan Zhu, Sarah M. Schmid

Background

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a common cause for referral to veterinary nutrition services (VNS). Data are sparse detailing dog presentation, dietary recommendations, and response.

Objective

Describe the characteristics of dogs with PLE presenting to a VNS, dietary interventions, and response to therapy.

Animals

Fifty-eight client-owned dogs with PLE.

Methods

Descriptive retrospective study. Clinical signs and concentrations of albumin, globulin, and cholesterol were compared at initial diagnosis (T0), presentation to VNS (T1), 14–90 days after VNS consultation (T2), and most recent recheck (T3). Diet history and VNS recommendations were categorized by diet form and nutritional characteristics. Continuous variable normality, survival analysis, and median survival time were evaluated using the Shapiro–Wilk test and Kaplan–Meier and Brookmeyer-Crowley methods, respectively.

Results

The most commonly reported reason for referral was nutritionally balancing a diet that controlled clinical signs (27/58, 47%). At T1, 52% (30/58), 43% (25/58), 14% (8/58), and 9% (5/58) had diarrhea, weight loss, vomiting, and decreased appetite, respectively. The reported mean ± standard deviation albumin, globulin, and cholesterol concentrations at T1 were 2.40 ± 0.64 g/dL, 2.43 ± 0.71 g/dL, and 129 ± 63 mg/dL, respectively. Ultra-low fat, novel protein homemade diets were the most common diet trialed before (35/58, 60%), fed at (33/58, 57%), and recommended (28/58, 48%) at T1. Median survival time was 1661 days (lower 95% confidence interval limit, 686 days).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Dogs with PLE referred to a VNS commonly presented after achieving partial clinical improvement and were most often fed an ultra-low-fat homemade diet.

背景：蛋白质丢失性肠病（PLE）是兽医营养服务（VNS）转诊的常见原因。详细描述狗的表现、饮食建议和反应的数据很少。目的：描述PLE犬出现VNS、饮食干预和对治疗的反应的特征。动物：58只客户拥有的PLE狗。方法：描述性回顾性研究。比较初诊（T0）、VNS就诊（T1）、VNS咨询后14-90天（T2）和最近复查（T3）时的临床体征和白蛋白、球蛋白和胆固醇浓度。饮食史和VNS建议按饮食形式和营养特征进行分类。分别采用Shapiro-Wilk检验、Kaplan-Meier和Brookmeyer-Crowley方法评估连续变量正态性、生存分析和中位生存时间。结果：最常见的转诊原因是营养平衡饮食，控制临床症状（27/58,47%）。T1时，分别有52%（30/58）、43%（25/58）、14%（8/58）和9%（5/58）的患者出现腹泻、体重减轻、呕吐和食欲下降。报告T1时白蛋白、球蛋白和胆固醇浓度的平均值±标准差分别为2.40±0.64 g/dL、2.43±0.71 g/dL和129±63 mg/dL。超低脂肪、新型蛋白质自制饮食是最常见的饮食试验（35/58,60%），在T1时饲喂（33/58,57%），推荐（28/58,48%）。中位生存时间为1661天（95%置信区间下限为686天）。结论及临床意义：PLE犬通常在取得部分临床改善后出现VNS，并且最常被喂食超低脂自制饮食。

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引用次数: 0

Applicability of Global Hemostatic Tools for Evaluation of Hemostatic State and Detection of Thrombosis in Cats With Cardiomyopathies 全球止血工具对心肌病猫止血状态评估和血栓检测的适用性

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70250

Rebecca Langhorn, Maiken B. T. Bach, Anne Sofie Gravgaard, Nanna Graversen, Caroline L. Olsen, Karoline H. Monrad, Jørgen Koch, Anders S. Schrøder, Jakob L. Willesen, Annemarie T. Kristensen, Lise N. Nielsen

Background

Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is a known complication of cardiomyopathies (CM) in cats. Hypercoagulability is believed to be one predisposing factor.

Objective

Assess applicability of global hemostatic tests for evaluating the systemic hemostatic state in cats with CM with concurrent ATE (CM + ATE).

Animals

Six cats with CM + ATE, 11 cats with CM, and 13 healthy cats.

Methods

Prospective case–control study (2016–2020). Echocardiography, whole blood thromboelastography (TEG), and thrombin generation testing (TGT) were performed. Hypercoagulability was defined for TEG as shortened reaction time (R), shortened kinetics (K), increased angle, or increased maximal amplitude and for TGT as decreased lag time, decreased time to peak, increased peak, or increased endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). If ≥ 1 parameter showed significant hypercoagulability compared with healthy cats, and no parameter showed significant hypocoagulability, the patient was considered hypercoagulable. The opposite criteria defined hypocoagulability.

Results

Hypocoagulability was detected for cats with CM + ATE compared with both cats with CM and healthy cats, characterized by significantly prolonged R and K on TEG as well as significantly increased time-to-peak and decreased peak and ETP on TGT. Additionally, some thrombocytopenia was considered likely in cats with CM + ATE, but could not be fully evaluated because of a high prevalence of concurrent platelet aggregation.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

A systemic hypocoagulable state was detected in cats with CM with concurrent ATE. Similar hemostatic paradoxes in human patients with thrombosis have been suggested to be related to platelet exhaustion, local endocardial hypercoagulability, or alterations in regulatory proteins.

背景：动脉血栓栓塞（ATE）是猫心肌病（CM）的一种已知并发症。高凝性被认为是一个诱发因素。目的评价综合止血试验在CM合并ATE （CM + ATE）猫全身止血状态评估中的适用性。6只猫患有CM + ATE， 11只猫患有CM， 13只猫健康。方法2016-2020年前瞻性病例对照研究。超声心动图，全血血栓弹性成像（TEG），凝血酶生成测试（TGT）进行。高凝性被定义为TEG反应时间缩短(R)、动力学缩短(K)、角度增加或最大振幅增加，TGT延迟时间减少、峰值时间减少、峰值增加或内源性凝血酶电位（ETP）增加。如果与健康猫相比，有≥1个参数显示明显的高凝性，且没有参数显示明显的低凝性，则认为患者为高凝性。相反的标准定义低凝性。结果与正常猫和CM猫相比，CM + ATE猫存在低凝状态，表现为TEG R和K值显著延长，TGT峰值时间显著增加，峰值和ETP显著降低。此外，CM + ATE的猫可能存在一些血小板减少症，但由于并发血小板聚集的发生率很高，因此无法完全评估。结论及临床意义CM合并ATE的猫存在全身性低凝状态。人类血栓患者中类似的止血矛盾被认为与血小板衰竭、局部心内膜高凝性或调节蛋白的改变有关。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple Catheter Recording in Horses to Investigate Atrial Depolarization Pattern During Sinus Rhythm and Induced Premature Atrial Complexes 多导管记录马窦性心律和诱发过早心房复核时心房去极化模式的研究。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70218

Eva Buschmann, Glenn Van Steenkiste, Ingrid Vernemmen, Marie Demeyere, Stijn Schauvliege, Annelies Decloedt, Gunther van Loon

Background

Detailed characterization of arrhythmias can be performed by multiple catheter mapping; but this has not yet been explored in horses.

Objectives

Perform ultrasound-guided multiple catheter mapping of the right heart during sinus rhythm and right and left atrial pacing to identify activation patterns characteristic of the origin of ectopy. Obtain His signals and effective refractory periods (ERP).

Animals

Eight healthy adult horses.

Methods

Experimental study. Recording catheters were placed at the terminal crest, intervenous tubercle, caudal vena cava, and coronary sinus. Right atrial pacing was performed in standing, sedated horses from each catheter and from the cranial vena cava, right atrial appendage, and right atrial free wall. Left atrial pacing was performed during general anesthesia at the four pulmonary vein ostia, left atrial appendage, and interatrial septum. Atrial activation patterns were recorded from the catheters during sinus rhythm and during pacing at the different sites. During sinus rhythm, the His bundle was recorded, and ERP at different sites was determined.

Results

Characteristic activation maps during sinus rhythm and pacing were identified. Late coronary sinus activation indicated ectopy originating from the right atrium or ostium III. The direction of coronary sinus electrode activation aided in differentiating left atrial ectopy locations. His signals were recorded in 5/8 horses. Atrial ERP varied between 170 and 420 ms with inter-horse and intra-horse variation.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Performing an electrophysiological study in horses, including multiple catheter recording, was feasible. Pacing-induced ectopy resulted in characteristic activation patterns, which might aid in identifying the site of atrial ectopy.

背景：心律失常的详细特征可以通过多导管测图进行；但这一点还没有在马身上得到证实。目的：在超声引导下对窦性心律和左右心房起搏时的右心进行多导管测绘，以确定异位起源特征的激活模式。获取His信号和有效不应期（ERP）。动物：8匹健康的成年马。方法：实验研究。在终末嵴、结节间、尾腔静脉和冠状窦处放置记录导管。右心房起搏在站立、镇静的马中进行，分别从每根导管和颅腔静脉、右心房附件和右心房游离壁进行。全麻下左心房起搏分别在肺静脉四口、左心房附件和房间隔处进行。在窦性心律和不同部位起搏时，用导管记录心房活动模式。在窦性心律期间，记录His束，并确定不同部位的ERP。结果：确定了窦性心律和起搏期间的特征性激活图。晚期冠状窦激活提示异位起源于右心房或第三口。冠状窦电极激活方向有助于左房异位的鉴别。他的信号记录在5/8匹马身上。心房ERP在170 ~ 420 ms之间变化，存在马间和马内变异。结论和临床意义：在马身上进行电生理研究，包括多导管记录，是可行的。起搏诱发的心房异位导致特征性的激活模式，这可能有助于确定心房异位的位置。

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引用次数: 0

Development and External Validation of a Predictive Model of Severe Neonatal Calf Diarrhea in Hanwoo Calves Using Animal, Environmental, and Management Risk Factors 基于动物、环境和管理风险因素的韩宇犊牛新生儿严重腹泻预测模型的建立和外部验证。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70238

Youngjun Kim, Young-Hwan Lim, Youngwoo Jung, Ji-Yeong Ku, DoHyeon Yu, Jinho Park

Background

Neonatal calf diarrhea accounts for most pre-weaned calf losses in Hanwoo cattle. A novel predictive model of severe neonatal calf diarrhea will help veterinarians and farmers prevent disease in calves.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Development and external validation of a simple predictive model for severe neonatal calf diarrhea in Hanwoo cattle.

Animals

Hanwoo calves were used to develop the model (n = 3179) and for its external validation (n = 1383).

Methods

Retrospective, observational study. The predictive model was developed using logistic regression analysis with data from Hanwoo calves from 2019 to 2022. The model was externally validated using data from Hanwoo calves in 2018 and 2023.

Results

After univariable and multivariable logistic analyses, the month of birth, rainy weather, duration of pregnancy, dam parity, retained fetal membranes, prevalence of neonatal calf diarrhea, induction of parturition, bedding type, and management of failure transfer of passive immunity were selected as predictors, with a sensitivity of 74.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.9%–78.7%) and specificity of 72.2% (95% CI: 70.6%–73.8%; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.766–0.814). In external validation, the accuracy was 83.3% (95% CI: 81.2%–85.2%). Sensitivity and specificity were 60% (95% CI: 50.0%–69.3%) and 85% (95% CI: 82.9%–86.9%), respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

We have identified predictors for severe neonatal calf diarrhea in Hanwoo calves and have developed a simple, easily calculated scoring prediction model based on these predictors.

背景：新生儿犊牛腹泻是韩宇牛断奶前犊牛损失的主要原因。一个新的预测模型严重的新生儿小牛腹泻将帮助兽医和农民预防疾病的小牛。假设/目的：建立韩宇牛新生儿严重腹泻的简单预测模型并进行外部验证。动物：采用韩宇犊牛建立模型（n = 3179），并进行外部验证（n = 1383）。方法：回顾性观察性研究。以2019 ~ 2022年的韩宇犊牛为对象，利用logistic回归分析建立了预测模型。该模型使用2018年和2023年韩宇小牛的数据进行了外部验证。结果：经单变量和多变量logistic分析，选择出生月份、阴雨天气、妊娠持续时间、胎次、胎膜保留、新生儿犊牛腹泻发生率、诱导分娩、垫层类型、被动免疫转移失败处理作为预测因子，敏感性为74.1%(95%可信区间[CI]: 68.9% ~ 78.7%)，特异性为72.2% （95% CI: 70.6% ~ 73.8%；曲线下面积[AUC]: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.766 ~ 0.814）。在外部验证中，准确度为83.3% （95% CI: 81.2% ~ 85.2%）。敏感性和特异性分别为60% （95% CI: 50.0% ~ 69.3%）和85% （95% CI: 82.9% ~ 86.9%）。结论和临床意义：我们已经确定了韩宇犊牛严重新生儿腹泻的预测因素，并基于这些预测因素建立了一个简单、易于计算的评分预测模型。

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引用次数: 0

Clinical Utility of Magnetic Resonance Urethrography in Assessment of Canine Urethra 磁共振尿道造影在犬尿道评估中的临床应用。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.70236

Younjin Kang, Jonghui Baek, Sunghwa Hong, Soyeon Kim, Eunjee Kim, Junghee Yoon, Jihye Choi

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in human medicine for evaluating lower urinary tract diseases; however, its application in veterinary medicine remains limited.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare MRI with computed tomography (CT) in visualizing urethral and bladder wall layers and to assess the feasibility and diagnostic utility of MRI for evaluating lower urinary tract anatomy and pathology in dogs. It was hypothesized that the T2-weighted (T2W) sequence would provide the most distinct visualization of urethral layers, while the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (post-T1W) sequence would best delineate bladder wall layers.

Animals

Five healthy dogs and six dogs with suspected uroepithelial tumors.

Methods

Magnetic resonance imaging sequences (T2W, pre-T1W, and post-T1W) and contrast-enhanced CT (post-CT) were performed. Images were evaluated for urethral and bladder wall layer distinction, urethral conspicuity, image quality, and characteristics of lower urinary tract tumors.

Results

T2W sequence clearly delineated urethral wall layers and differentiated the urethral mucosal layer from the lumen using urine as a natural contrast. Post-T1W sequence enhanced bladder wall layer visualization, improving anatomical boundary conspicuity and aiding in tumor invasion detection. In contrast, post-CT allowed rapid imaging with minimal motion artifacts but provided limited soft-tissue detail.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated superior efficacy in evaluating anatomic structures and lesions of the lower urinary tract, particularly in assessing tissue invasion. Combining T2W and post-T1W sequences optimized diagnostic accuracy, making MRI a valuable tool for assessing lower urinary tract pathology in dogs.

背景：磁共振成像（MRI）在人类医学中广泛应用于评估下尿路疾病；然而，其在兽医学上的应用仍然有限。假设/目的：比较MRI与计算机断层扫描（CT）在观察尿道和膀胱壁层的效果，并评估MRI在评估犬下尿路解剖和病理方面的可行性和诊断效用。我们假设t2加权（T2W）序列能提供最清晰的尿道层状图，而增强t1加权（后t1w）序列能最好地描绘膀胱壁层状图。动物：5只健康犬和6只疑似尿上皮肿瘤犬。方法：进行磁共振成像（T2W、t1w前、t1w后）和增强CT （CT后）扫描。评估图像对尿道和膀胱壁层的区分、尿道的显著性、图像质量和下尿路肿瘤的特征。结果：T2W序列清晰地描绘了尿道壁层，并以尿液作为自然对比物区分了尿道粘膜层和尿道腔。t1w后序列增强了膀胱壁层的可视化，提高了解剖边界的显著性，有助于肿瘤的侵袭检测。相比之下，ct后可以快速成像，运动伪影最小，但提供的软组织细节有限。结论及临床意义：磁共振成像在评估下尿路的解剖结构和病变，特别是组织侵犯方面显示出优越的疗效。T2W和后t1w序列的结合优化了诊断准确性，使MRI成为评估犬下尿路病理的重要工具。

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引用次数: 0