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Proclamation of the Decade as a Tool for Strategic Planning of Socio-Economic Development of Regions (On the Example of the North-West Federal District) 宣布十年作为区域社会经济发展战略规划工具(以西北联邦区为例)
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.12
Grigory V. Dvas, Yulia I. Busheneva
The article discusses the announcement of the Decade of Science and Technology as a new strategic planning tool. It is stated that this tool has the character of a long-term large-scale set of measures based on a program-targeted approach. Drawing up regional plans for the implementation of the Decade’s initiatives, according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 25 April 2022, 231 is a recommended norm for the regions. In this regard, not all regions (in particular, in the North-Western Federal District 6 out of 11) have nor-matively become participants of the Decade. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that it is necessary to expand the participation of regions and municipalities in the implementation of the Decade of Science and Technology, including through the creation of a model plan for the implementation of measures.
文章论述了科技十年作为一种新的战略规划工具的宣布。有人指出,这一工具具有一套长期的大规模措施的特点,这些措施是基于一种针对方案的方法。根据俄罗斯联邦总统2022年4月25日颁布的法令,为执行十年倡议制定区域计划是各区域的一项建议准则。在这方面,并非所有地区(特别是西北联邦区的11个地区中的6个)都主动成为十年的参与者。结论部分详述了这样一个事实,即必须扩大各区域和城市对执行科学和技术十年的参与,包括通过制定执行各项措施的示范计划。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomy and Independence of Subjects of Public Control in the Russian Federation as its Principle 俄罗斯联邦公共监督主体的自治和独立原则
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.15
Vitaly V. Goncharov
The article touches upon the problems of realization of one of the key principles of public control – autonomy and independence of its subjects. It is emphasized that in any democratic state governed by the rule of law, the system of constitutional principles requires guarantees for their implementation, protection and defense. Meanwhile, the fundamental guarantee of people’s power and public participation in the management of state affairs (as the key principles of the Basic Law of the country) is the institution of public control. The author con-siders various points of view regarding the definition and content of the concepts of autonomy and independ-ence of subjects of public control in Russia, formalizes and substantiates the author’s definitions of these con-cepts. Besides, the main objective and subjective problems hindering the implementation, protection and de-fense of the mentioned principle of public control are formalized and investigated in the work. The following system of measures to resolve them has been developed and substantiated: a) by incorporating the above-mentioned institution of civil society and the system of its principles into the Basic Law of the country; b) by fix-ing the definition of the concept of the principle of autonomy and independence of subjects of public control in the legislation on public control; c) by expanding the list of powers of subjects of public control, ensuring their autonomy and independence, as well as their varieties; d) by changing the order of formation of subjects of public control (including organizational forms of public control) in the country; e) by consolidating a system of criminal and administrative-legal corpus delicti, by means of which any attempts of illegal influence on the ac-tivities of subjects of public control will be severely punished by the legislation; (e) through the introduction of modern technologies into the activities of subjects of public control, ensuring the realization of the above-mentioned principle.
本文探讨了公共控制的核心原则之一——公共控制主体的自主性和独立性的实现问题。强调在任何民主法治国家,宪法原则体系都需要保障其实施、保护和捍卫。同时,人民权力和公众参与管理国家事务(作为国家基本法的重要原则)的根本保障是公众监督制度。作者综合考虑了关于俄罗斯公共控制主体自治和独立概念的定义和内容的各种观点,将作者对这些概念的定义形式化并具体化。并在工作中对阻碍上述公共控制原则实施、保护和捍卫的主要客观和主观问题进行了形式化和考察。为解决这些问题,香港已发展并确立了以下措施体系:a)将上述公民社会制度及其原则体系纳入香港基本法;B)在公共控制立法中确定公共控制主体自治和独立原则的概念;C)扩大公共控制主体的权力范围,保证其自主性、独立性和多样性;D)改变国家公共控制主体的形成顺序(包括公共控制的组织形式);E)巩固刑事和行政法律职权制度,通过这一制度,任何企图非法影响公共控制对象的活动的行为都将受到立法的严厉惩罚;(e)通过将现代技术引入公共控制主体的活动,确保实现上述原则。
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引用次数: 0
Population Migration as an Element of the Eurosceptic Agenda (Political-Managerial Analysis) 人口迁移是欧洲怀疑论议程的一个要素(政治-管理分析)
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.11
Timofey N. Potapov
The article examines the approaches to the regulation of migration processes by the major Eurosceptic parties. Based on the analysis of statistical information, it is established that the EU countries are among the world leaders in terms of the number of accepted migrants, which makes the migration agenda one of the most topi-cal and discussed in the EU countries. Large migration flows, among other risks, carry security risks. he events of New Year’s Eve in Cologne (2015), terrorist attacks in the editorial offices of Charlie Hebdo magazine (2015), Nice (2016), riots in France (2023), etc. have become a catalyst for the rise in anti-migrant sentiment and the growing popularity of parties advocating a tougher migration policy. In 2022, European countries are faced with a huge flow of refugees from the territory of Ukraine (more than 8 million according to the UN), which, despite being culturally and mentally much closer than migrants from Africa and the Middle East, in the absence of proper regulation can also be a source of economic and criminal problems, which again, as in 2015–2016, it necessary to pay close attention to the measures proposed by the parties of European skeptics.
本文考察了主要欧洲怀疑主义政党对移民过程的监管方法。通过对统计信息的分析,可以确定欧盟国家在接受移民数量方面处于世界领先地位,这使得移民议程成为欧盟国家最具话题性和讨论性的议程之一。除其他风险外,大规模移民流动还会带来安全风险。2015年新年前夜科隆事件、2015年《查理周报》编辑部恐怖袭击事件、2016年尼斯事件、2023年法国骚乱事件等,都成为反移民情绪高涨和主张更严格移民政策的政党越来越受欢迎的催化剂。2022年,欧洲国家面临着来自乌克兰领土的大量难民(根据联合国的数据,超过800万),尽管他们在文化和精神上比来自非洲和中东的移民更接近,但在缺乏适当监管的情况下,也可能成为经济和犯罪问题的根源,再次,正如2015-2016年一样,有必要密切关注欧洲怀疑论者提出的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Immigrants in the Far Eastern Federal District: Adaptation and Integration Issues 远东联邦区的移民:适应与融合问题
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.2
Darima Ts. Budaeva
The aim of the article is to study theoretical and methodological approaches and statutory and regulatory pro-visions that reveal the essence of the concepts of “adaptation of foreign migrants”, “integration of foreign mi-grants” and analyze the practical formats regulating the movement of foreign citizens in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in the context of the Strategy of State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025. The work employs analytical and comparative methods of document research, methods of analyzing statistical data. According to the author’s conclusion, clarification of the theoretical, methodological and normative-legal definition of the concepts of “adaptation of foreign migrants” and “integration of foreign migrants” will provide clarification of the immigrant’s status in terms of the purpose and duration of his resi-dence in Russia. This will help to increase the targeting and transparency of political and managerial actions aimed at regulating the flows of foreign migrants, consisting of representatives of different nationalities, preaching different religions, having a different mentality, etc. Differentiation of foreign migrants and the host community by ethno-cultural characteristics creates a platform for the formation of different worldviews for both groups of the population. The results of the study can be used not only in scientific developments devoted to theoretical and methodological issues of the processes of “adaptation of foreign migrants” and “integration of foreign migrants”, but also in political and legal documents regulating the process of adaptation and integration of foreign migrants, differing in their level of motivation. Returning (labor) migrants are not always aimed at entering Russian society, and foreign citizens who have arrived in Russia for temporary and permanent resi-dence are distinguished by the development of intentions for integration.
本文的目的是研究揭示“外国移民的适应”、“外国移民的融入”概念的本质的理论和方法方法以及法律和监管规定,并分析在俄罗斯联邦国家国家政策战略的背景下管理远东联邦区地区外国公民流动的实际形式,直至2025年。本研究采用文献研究的分析和比较方法,统计数据分析的方法。根据作者的结论,澄清“外国移民适应”和“外国移民融合”概念的理论、方法和规范法律定义将有助于澄清移民在俄罗斯居住的目的和期限方面的地位。这将有助于增加旨在管制外国移徙者流动的政治和管理行动的目标和透明度,这些移徙者包括不同国籍的代表、宣扬不同的宗教、具有不同的心态等。外来移民和东道国社区在民族文化特征上的差异,为这两个人口群体形成不同的世界观创造了平台。这项研究的结果不仅可用于研究“外国移徙者适应”和“外国移徙者融入”过程的理论和方法问题的科学发展,而且也可用于管理动机不同的外国移徙者适应和融入过程的政治和法律文件。返回(劳动)移民并不总是以进入俄罗斯社会为目的,而来俄罗斯临时和永久居留的外国公民则以融入意图的发展来区分。
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引用次数: 0
Digital Transformation of Public Administration as a Factor to Ensure Digital Sovereignty in the Russian Federation 公共行政的数字化转型是确保俄罗斯联邦数字主权的一个因素
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.5
Elena V. Kubantseva
The aim of this paper is to examine theoretical approaches to understanding the phenomenon of digital sover-eignty, its structure and function in the conditions of creation and implementation of information and telecom-munication technologies in various sectors of the country’s economic activity and the active process of digital transformation of public administration, changing the boundaries and instrumental base of ensuring national sovereignty of the country. The object – the process of digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the activities of digital transformation of public administration of various branches and levels of government, which have an impact on ensuring the digital sovereignty of the country. The paper analyzes the stages of penetration and use of digital technologies in public administration, basing on which the main directions and goals that are mandatory elements of ensuring the digital sovereignty of the country are defined, taking into account the increasing role of technology as an instrument of countries’ political confrontation in the international arena. Based on the results of the work, it is concluded that the active introduction of modern digital technologies in key areas of public administration and society requires ensuring state digital sovereignty, which, in turn, implies the creation of its own critical information and telecommunica-tion technologies, national independent infrastructure and information systems.
本文的目的是研究理解数字主权现象的理论方法,其结构和功能在国家经济活动各个部门中创建和实施信息和电信技术的条件下,以及公共行政数字化转型的积极过程,改变了确保国家主权的边界和工具基础。研究对象——俄罗斯联邦公共行政数字化转型的过程。研究的主题是政府各部门和各级公共行政的数字化转型活动,这些活动对确保国家的数字主权产生影响。本文分析了数字技术在公共行政中的渗透和使用阶段,并在此基础上确定了确保国家数字主权的强制性要素的主要方向和目标,同时考虑到技术作为国家在国际舞台上政治对抗的工具的作用日益增强。根据工作结果,得出的结论是,在公共管理和社会的关键领域积极引入现代数字技术需要确保国家数字主权,这反过来意味着创建自己的关键信息和电信技术,国家独立的基础设施和信息系统。
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引用次数: 0
Youth Engagement Institutions to State Activities in the Subjects of the Volga Federal District: Practical Work and Functional Transformations 伏尔加河联邦区青年参与国家活动的机构:实际工作和职能转变
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.8
Vladimir A. Moskalenko
The article examines the practical activities of institutions to attract young people to state activities in the sub-jects of the Volga Federal District in 2021–2023. The author analyzes in detail the main directions of this work, implemented programs and activities. Building upon this, conclusion dwells upon the fact that there is a notice-able functional transformation of these institutions, their place and role in the political and legal system. Tradi-tional representative and rule-making functions of such structures, enshrined in regulatory documents, are now receding into the background, giving way to civic-educational, informational-educational and partly socializing functions. This is due to certain successes of the regional authorities in the field of the formation of civic identity and patriotic consciousness of young people. Nevertheless, such a strategy also leads to significant problems, the main of which is the inability to deal with critical attitudes among youth.
本文考察了各机构在2021-2023年吸引年轻人参加伏尔加河联邦区主题国家活动方面的实际活动。作者详细分析了本工作的主要方向、实施方案和活动。在此基础上,结论详述了这些机构及其在政治和法律制度中的地位和作用的明显职能转变。这些机构传统的代表和制定规则的功能被写入规范性文件,现在正退居幕后,让位给公民教育、信息教育和部分社交功能。这是由于区域当局在培养年轻人的公民身份和爱国意识方面取得了某些成功。然而,这种策略也会导致严重的问题,其中主要是无法处理青年的批评态度。
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引用次数: 0
Ecotourism and Smart Tourism in the Context of Sustainable Development of the Tourism Industry in Russia 俄罗斯旅游业可持续发展背景下的生态旅游和智慧旅游
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.19
Dinara V. Ralyk
The article presents statistical confirmation of the dynamic development of the tourism industry in Russia, which resumed after the pandemic 2020, and analyzes the demand for environmental and cultural and educa-tional tourism services. At the same time, there is a low degree of population involvement in the process of in-dustry digitalization. The global spread of the sustainable development concept has also affected the tourism sector, the peculiarity of which is the organization and maintenance of the movement of travelers' flows in space. The consequences of tourists’ activity on the way to the destination and on the host territory may be negative. In this regard, the quality management of this process should be carried out with long-term compli-ance with the balance of economic growth goals with environmental awareness and social responsibility. The realization of the idea of sustainable tourism is associated with its digital transformation, as well as the prob-lems of developing the intellectual capital of the territories. Due to the lack of clear terminological links in the system of sustainable tourism, the author clarified the essence and interrelation of the terms “sustainable tour-ism”, “smart tourism”, “digital tourism”, “intellectual tourism”, “educational tourism” and “ecological tourism”.
文章对俄罗斯旅游业在2020年大流行后恢复的动态发展进行了统计确认,并分析了对环境和文化教育旅游服务的需求。与此同时,工业数字化过程中的人口参与程度较低。可持续发展概念的全球传播也影响到旅游部门,其特点是组织和维持游客在空间中的流动。游客在前往目的地的途中和在东道国境内的活动的后果可能是负面的。在这方面,这一过程的质量管理应长期遵守经济增长目标与环境意识和社会责任的平衡。可持续旅游理念的实现与其数字化转型以及发展领土智力资本的问题有关。由于可持续旅游体系中缺乏明确的术语联系,笔者对“可持续旅游”、“智慧旅游”、“数字旅游”、“智慧旅游”、“教育旅游”和“生态旅游”等术语的本质和相互关系进行了梳理。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Modernization of Russian Extractive and Manufacturing Industries Using Digi-tal Technologies in a Transforming World: Investment Aspect 在转型世界中利用数字技术发展和现代化俄罗斯采掘业和制造业:投资方面
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.20
Alexandra А. Chudaeva, Olga A. Sapova, Anton Yu. Sapov
The changes that have taken place in the world order in recent years are reflected in scientific concepts de-scribing transformation processes. In the eighties of the XX century, the SPOD-world was replaced by the VUCA-world, and total digitalization, the coronavirus pandemic and geopolitical conflicts gave rise to the BANI-world, the transition to which from the VUCA-world, according to many researchers, is not yet complete. The era of change is affecting businesses that need to plan for and invest in their future. In a highly uncertain environ-ment, forecasting is difficult but necessary. Moreover, this should be done taking into account the peculiarities inherent in the present period of time – the high level of riskiness of investments, the innovative nature of the digital technologies used, and so on. Enterprises in the extractive and manufacturing industries are of key im-portance for the Russian economy. Their development and modernization are identified by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin as a priority direction of the state policy. Putin has identified their development and modernization as a priority direction of state policy. Companies in Russia’s extractive and manufacturing industries have a high degree of wear and tear on machinery and equipment and need to upgrade them. In modern conditions, it is advisable to do it on an innovative basis, using digital technologies that allow to reduce transaction costs, level the influence of the human factor on some processes, increase the speed of product development and creation, etc. Currently, some Russian extractive and manufacturing companies are imple-menting various digital solutions, but in order to meet the Government’s objectives of import substitution, tech-nological sovereignty and digital transformation, the number of such companies must increase significantly. However, there are limitations to the incorporation of digital technologies in the activities of enterprises due to uncertainty and the risks it generates, the significant amount of investment required to implement projects for the development and modernization of enterprises using digital technologies, and the need not to increase the level of social tension in society. State support measures are aimed at overcoming these obstacles, the use of which, according to the authors of the article, will allow to solve not only the problems of enterprises using them, but also to transfer the developed technologies to other enterprises and other industries.
近年来世界秩序发生的变化反映在描述变革过程的科学概念中。20世纪80年代,spod世界被vuca世界所取代,全面数字化、冠状病毒大流行和地缘政治冲突催生了bani世界,许多研究人员认为,从vuca世界向bani世界的过渡尚未完成。变革的时代正在影响着需要规划和投资未来的企业。在高度不确定的环境中,预测是困难的,但也是必要的。此外,在进行这项工作时应考虑到当前时期所固有的特点- -投资的高度风险、所使用的数字技术的创新性质等等。采掘业和制造业企业对俄罗斯经济至关重要。它们的发展和现代化被俄罗斯联邦总统普京确定为国家政策的优先方向。普京已将其发展和现代化确定为国家政策的优先方向。俄罗斯采掘业和制造业企业的机械设备磨损程度较高,需要进行升级改造。在现代条件下,建议在创新的基础上做到这一点,使用数字技术可以降低交易成本,消除人为因素对某些过程的影响,提高产品开发和创造的速度等。目前,一些俄罗斯采掘业和制造业公司正在实施各种数字化解决方案,但为了实现政府的进口替代、技术主权和数字化转型目标,这类公司的数量必须大幅增加。然而,由于其产生的不确定性和风险,实施使用数字技术的企业发展和现代化项目所需的大量投资,以及不需要增加社会的社会紧张程度,因此将数字技术纳入企业活动存在局限性。国家支持措施的目的是克服这些障碍,根据这篇文章的作者,利用这些措施不仅可以解决使用它们的企业的问题,而且还可以将已开发的技术转让给其他企业和其他行业。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific and Theoretical Aspects of Stimulating Innovation and Investment Drivers for the Development of the Regional Economy’s High-Tech Sector 激发创新和投资驱动区域经济高技术产业发展的科学理论研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.12
Yuri A. Doroshenko, Irina O. Malykhina, Ekaterina D. Schetinina
The study is focused on the problem of analyzing the mechanisms and tools for activating innovation and in-vestment drivers for the development of the regional economy’s high-tech sector. Emerging contradictions in the processes of globalization and cooperation, underlying the international system of interaction between economic entities, lead to the need to develop and improve the high-tech sector of the domestic economy, sus-tainable to modern challenges, self-sufficient at all stages of the innovation process, which confirms the rele-vance of the study. In this regard, the most important issue in the context of the identified problems is the search for and stimulation of economic development drivers of the regional economic system. This paper stud-ies the innovation and investment nature of the drivers, as which high-tech industries are proposed. The aim of the study is to improve methodological approaches and scientific and theoretical provisions for improving the efficiency of high-tech production sites of innovation and investment genesis. The following research methods were used: the method of comparison, theoretical generalization, scientific abstraction, deduction, induction, generalization, etc. As a result of the conducted research, a system of management measures is proposed to intensify the development of the regional economy’s high-tech sector.
研究的重点是分析激活区域经济高新技术产业发展的创新和投资动力的机制和工具问题。全球化和合作进程中出现的矛盾,是经济实体之间互动的国际体系的基础,导致需要发展和改善国内经济的高科技部门,可持续应对现代挑战,在创新过程的各个阶段自给自足,这证实了研究的相关性。在这些问题中,最重要的问题是寻找和激发区域经济体系的经济发展动力。本文研究了驱动因素的创新和投资性质,并以此提出了高新技术产业。本研究的目的是为提高创新和投资起源的高科技生产场所的效率提供方法方法和科学理论依据。研究方法主要有:比较法、理论概括法、科学抽象法、演绎法、归纳法、概括法等。根据研究结果,提出了加强区域经济高新技术产业发展的管理措施体系。
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引用次数: 0
National Ideas and State Mottos as a Reflection of Society’s Spiritual Values: Theory and Practice 民族观念与国家格言是社会精神价值的反映:理论与实践
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.4
Nina O. Voskresenskaya, Elena A. Yalozina
Issues significant for every person and society as a whole are considered in the article: whether a country can be successful without a national idea as a concentrated expression of spiritual values of the people and without a state motto – its short verbal formula; what spiritual values are reflected in the state mottos of the countries of the world and whether there is a relationship between the level of development of a country and its state motto; whether the state motto of modern Russia is necessary and, if so, what its content can be. The topic is relevant since state mottos as an element of state symbols, are able to influence the people’s worldview and behavior and set the basic parameters of human social activity. It is shown that the values outlined in the state mottos of many countries with different levels of development coincide in many respects; the types of state mottos in the context of their advantages and limitations are highlighted; the formula of the state motto for modern Russia is proposed.
文章考虑了对每个人和整个社会都很重要的问题:一个国家能否在没有集中表达人民精神价值的国家理念和没有国家格言的情况下取得成功;世界各国的国训体现了什么样的精神价值,一个国家的发展水平与其国训之间是否存在关系;现代俄罗斯的国训是否必要,如果必要,其内容是什么。国家格言作为国家象征的一个元素,能够影响人们的世界观和行为,并设定人类社会活动的基本参数,因此这个话题是相关的。研究表明,许多发展水平不同的国家的国训所概括的价值观在许多方面是一致的;强调了国家格言的类型及其优势和局限性;提出了现代俄罗斯的国训公式。
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引用次数: 0
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