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Interaction between the Judiciary and Political Processes: Analyzing the Impact of Political Factors on the Professional Training of Specialists 司法与政治过程的互动:政治因素对专家专业培训的影响分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.2
Viktor G. Bondarev, Ekaterina P. Tsyplakova
The interaction between the judiciary and political processes has many dimensions, such as the appointment of judges, political attitudes, the training of judicial professionals, support for their professional development, the influence of political forces and groups on judicial processes and the enforcement of judicial decisions. Examining these linkages allows for a better understanding of the complexity and dynamics of the relationship between the judiciary and the political sphere, as well as identifying possible challenges and problems faced by professionals in the judiciary. The article analyzes the mechanisms by which political processes affect the professional training and development of judicial professionals, such as political appointments, legislative changes, public policy, funding, and other factors. Examples of the impact of political factors on the judiciary are given, highlighting negative and positive aspects. The authors emphasize the importance of maintaining the independence, objectivity and competence of judicial training and the need to continuously monitor and respond to changes in the political environment.
司法和政治进程之间的相互作用有许多方面,例如法官的任命、政治态度、司法专业人员的培训、对其专业发展的支持、政治力量和政治团体对司法进程的影响以及司法决定的执行。审查这些联系可以更好地了解司法和政治领域之间关系的复杂性和动态,并确定司法专业人员可能面临的挑战和问题。本文分析了政治进程影响司法专业人员专业培训和发展的机制,如政治任命、立法变化、公共政策、资金和其他因素。列举了政治因素对司法的影响的例子,突出了消极和积极的方面。作者强调保持司法培训的独立性、客观性和能力的重要性,以及不断监测和应对政治环境变化的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Changes in Support for Political Parties in Andalusia’s Regional and Municipal Elections (2018–2023) 安达卢西亚地区和市政选举中政党支持率的变化(2018-2023)
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.1
Andrey V. Baranov
The study of the dynamics of support for political parties in Andalusia’s regional and municipal elections is rel-evant for understanding the trends in the development of the Spanish political system, the decentralization of the state and the factors of electoral behavior. Attention is focused on the agenda of pre-election rivalry, politi-cal positioning of the main subjects of politics in the autonomous community, and changes in their electoral support. National factors playing a significant role in increasing the influence of right-wing parties and splitting left-wing forces are noted, resulting in the return of the Andalusian regional electorate to support the three main parties instead of the five. The practical significance of the topic is to determine the similarities and differences of regional electoral processes in the countries of Southern Europe. Despite the qualitative difference between the party systems in Spain and the Russian Federation, it is feasible to apply in our country the experience of inter-party coalitions in regional and municipal elections and to reduce the barrier at this territorial level.
对安达卢西亚地区和市政选举中政党支持动态的研究,对于理解西班牙政治制度发展趋势、国家权力下放和选举行为因素具有重要意义。人们的注意力集中在选举前的竞争议程、自治区主要政治主体的政治定位以及他们的选举支持的变化。报告指出,国家因素在增加右翼政党的影响力和分裂左翼力量方面发挥了重要作用,导致安达卢西亚地区选民重新支持三个主要政党,而不是五个主要政党。本专题的实际意义在于确定南欧国家区域选举进程的相同点和不同点。尽管西班牙和俄罗斯联邦的政党制度在质量上存在差异,但在我国应用区域和市政选举中政党间联盟的经验并减少这一地区一级的障碍是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
American Propaganda of Freedom and Uniqueness of Personality through the Images of DC Comics Antiheroes 从DC漫画反英雄形象看美国人对自由与个性独特性的宣传
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.11
Alexandra S. Temerbaeva
The aim of this article is to determine the role of American comics as one of the most effective tools of political propaganda of such American values as freedom, perceived as permissiveness, and the uniqueness of the individual, manifested in the rejection of traditional norms. So that the propaganda works effectively all over the world, the US actively uses mass culture. In the modern world, one of its most popular elements are DC comics – graphic stories. They are very popular among young people. At first glance, these pictures, which are only entertaining in nature, are a powerful relay of American values, through which the necessary ideas are easily fixed in the minds of young readers. As iconic characters of such works, the article considers the Joker and Har-ley Quinn. In conclusion, it argues for the idea that such mass culture media become an instrument of political propaganda and serve to implement the concept of “soft power” on the part of the United States towards other countries, pursuing the goal of spreading America’s influence in the world.
本文的目的是确定美国漫画作为政治宣传美国价值观的最有效工具之一的作用,这些价值观包括自由,被认为是宽容的,以及个人的独特性,表现在对传统规范的拒绝。为了在世界范围内有效地进行宣传,美国积极利用大众文化。在现代世界,它最受欢迎的元素之一是DC漫画——图形故事。它们在年轻人中很受欢迎。乍一看,这些图片只是娱乐性质的,但它们有力地传递了美国价值观,通过这些价值观,必要的思想很容易在年轻读者的脑海中固定下来。作为这类作品的标志性人物,本文以小丑和哈利·奎因为例。综上所述,本文认为这种大众文化媒介成为政治宣传的工具,是美国对其他国家实施“软实力”概念的工具,其目的是在世界范围内扩大美国的影响力。
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引用次数: 0
Peculiarities of Cost Management in IT Companies IT企业成本管理的特点
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.18
Olga A. Naumova, Svetlana A. Palevskaya
The article defines the peculiarities of calculating the cost of IT products, as well the types of companies pro-ducing them. It is emphasized that an objective assessment of the planned cost of software will help to more accurately predict the future financial result, which will determine the further adoption of management deci-sions. Software development costs necessarily affect its pricing, which largely determines the competitiveness of the future product. The work reflects the results of the authors’ study of the process of formation of labor costs for software production in modern Russian development companies. It is noted that the planning of over-head costs in such organizations is carried out in proportion to labor costs. To improve the effectiveness of their management, the authors developed a deviation matrix used to monitor the level of costs and identify the need for adjusting the planned indicators.
本文定义了计算IT产品成本的特点,以及生产IT产品的公司类型。强调的是,对软件计划成本的客观评估将有助于更准确地预测未来的财务结果,这将决定进一步采用管理决策。软件开发成本必然影响其定价,这在很大程度上决定了未来产品的竞争力。这项工作反映了作者对现代俄罗斯开发公司软件生产的劳动力成本形成过程的研究结果。值得注意的是,在这些组织中,管理费用的规划是按劳动力成本的比例进行的。为了提高其管理的有效性,作者编制了一个偏差矩阵,用于监测成本水平和确定调整计划指标的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
On Modern Problems and Development Prospects of Public Inspections and Public Control Groups in the Russian Federation: Constitutional and Legal Analysis 论俄罗斯联邦公共监察和公共监督团体的现代问题与发展前景:宪法与法律分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.21
Vitaly V. Goncharov
The present article is focused on the constitutional and legal analysis of modern problems and prospects for the development of public inspections and public control groups in Russia. The author examines the place and role of the above-mentioned entities in the mechanism for organizing and implementing this institution of civil society. The analysis of the main approaches in the legislation regarding the regulation of the legal status, powers, organization and activities of public inspections and public control groups is carried out. Among the problems of the development of these subjects of public control, the following have been formalized and inves-tigated: the lack of consolidation of this institution of civil society in the Constitution of the Russian Federation; weak unification of regional legislation and municipal regulations governing their organization and activities; their lack of real powers; lack of elaboration in legislation and scientific literature of specific forms and types of public control measures for of them; insufficient funding for their activities; weak use of modern digital technol-ogies, foreign practice, as well as the experience of the functioning of people’s control groups in the USSR; lack of elaboration of a system of measures of responsibility for countering their legitimate activities. The system of measures to resolve these problems and the main directions of development of these subjects of public control are substantiated.
本文的重点是对俄罗斯公共监察和公共控制团体的现代问题和发展前景的宪法和法律分析。作者考察了上述实体在组织和实施这一公民社会制度的机制中的地位和作用。分析了我国立法中对公共监察和公共监察团体的法律地位、权力、组织和活动进行规制的主要途径。在这些公共控制主体发展的问题中,下列问题已得到正式确定和调查:在俄罗斯联邦宪法中没有巩固这一民间社会机构;管理其组织和活动的地方立法和市政条例统一不力;他们缺乏实权;立法和科学文献中缺乏对此类公共管制措施的具体形式和类型的阐述;活动经费不足;现代数字技术的薄弱使用,国外的做法,以及苏联人民控制小组运作的经验;缺乏对打击其合法活动的责任措施制度的详细制定。确立了解决这些问题的措施体系和公共控制主体发展的主要方向。
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引用次数: 0
Defining Priorities for “Smart Specialization” of the Belgorod Region Based on the Conjugation of Industrial and Scientific–Technological Competencies 根据工业和科技能力的结合,确定别尔哥罗德地区“智能专业化”的优先事项
Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.8.17
Julia V. Lyshchikova
The article examines the approaches of foreign and Russian authors to determining the priorities of the “smart specialization” of regions. It is established that the current approaches are mainly of a complex nature and in-clude the adaptation of methodological approaches of foreign organizations, for example, the European Clus-ter Observatory, the definition of alternative development scenarios and differentiated structural models of spe-cialization; using localization indicators to identify the core specialization of regions, as well as indicators of relative technological advantage and technological connectivity to identify additional opportunities for diversifi-cation based on interregional ties with an emphasis on the development of end-to-end digital technologies; formation of spatial contexts of “smart specialization” taking into account the degree of industrial and organiza-tional density and diversity, institutional structures, system features, political opportunities, past experience of innovative strategies, the level of political centralization; identification of a “bundle of competencies” (a flexible set of economic activities or interrelated industries depending on the key competencies of the region) based on the study of the industry, patent, innovation and publication components of regional specialization. As a result, the author’s methodological approach to determining the priorities of “smart specialization” based on the con-jugation of sectoral specialization of global, national and macro-regional level and scientific and technological competencies of the region in the context of geographical, structural-technological and cognitive proximity is proposed. Approbation of the research tools resulted in the construction of a scenario model for determining the priorities of “smart specialization” of the Belgorod region within the application of entrepreneurial search procedures involving all stakeholders (regional authorities, business community, scientific community and res-idents of the region). The implementation of the proposed approach will allow all regions, including those not widely included in the global or national division of labor, to find a promising niche for development at the mac-ro-regional level, and also takes into account the possibilities of intersectoral convergence and the use of ac-cumulated competencies of regions in the field of end-to-end digital technologies.
本文考察了国外和俄罗斯作者确定地区“智能专业化”优先事项的方法。可以确定的是,目前的方法主要是复杂的,其中包括调整外国组织的方法方法,例如欧洲集群观察站,定义替代发展情景和特殊化的不同结构模式;使用本地化指标来确定区域的核心专业化,以及相对技术优势和技术连通性指标来确定基于区域间联系的额外多样化机会,重点是端到端数字技术的发展;考虑到产业和组织的密度和多样性程度、制度结构、制度特征、政治机遇、创新战略的过去经验、政治集中化水平的“智能专业化”空间语境的形成;根据对区域专业化的工业、专利、创新和出版组成部分的研究,确定“一系列能力”(一套灵活的经济活动或相互关联的产业,取决于该区域的关键能力)。因此,作者提出了基于全球、国家和宏观区域层面的部门专业化与区域在地理、结构-技术和认知接近背景下的科学和技术能力的结合来确定“智能专业化”优先事项的方法方法。对研究工具的批准导致了一个场景模型的构建,用于确定别尔哥罗德地区在涉及所有利益相关者(地区当局、商界、科学界和该地区居民)的创业搜索程序应用中的“智能专业化”优先事项。实施拟议的方法将使所有地区,包括那些没有广泛参与全球或国家劳动分工的地区,在宏观区域一级找到一个有希望的发展利基,并考虑到部门间融合的可能性和利用区域在端到端数字技术领域积累的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Scenarios of a Possible Solution to the Korean Issue: The 38th Parallel and the Global Paradigm of Changing the “Centers of Power” 朝鲜问题的可能解决方案:三八线与“权力中心”变化的全球范式
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.6.15
Alexey S. Kharlanov, Ivan A. Molchanov
The article analyzes the current situation around the Korean Peninsula. The current positions of the countries taking part in the resolution of the Korean question are assessed. Probable scenarios for stabilizing the situa-tion in the region are being considered, including the possibility of reuniting the peoples of the North and South. Issues of interaction between the Russian Federation and the two Korean republics in trade, economic, scien-tific and technical spheres are highlighted. It is emphasized that the continuing attempts of the United States and China towards taking the place of the irremovable leader in the Asia-Pacific region lead to an increase in threats on the Korean Peninsula, reformatting the tasks of further military construction in Asia, especially in the defense doctrines of Japan and South Korea. The issue of preserving the region’s nuclear-free status and its states’ policy of nonparticipation in nuclear tests remains relevant.
这篇文章分析了当前朝鲜半岛的局势。对参与解决朝鲜问题的各国目前的立场进行了评估。目前正在考虑稳定该区域局势的可能方案,包括使南北人民重新团聚的可能性。强调了俄罗斯联邦和两个朝鲜共和国在贸易、经济、科学和技术领域相互作用的问题。文章强调,美国和中国继续试图取代亚太地区不可取代的领导人,导致朝鲜半岛的威胁增加,重新调整了亚洲进一步军事建设的任务,特别是日本和韩国的防务理论。保持该区域的无核地位及其国家不参与核试验的政策的问题仍然具有现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
Wikipedia as Space for a Memorial Confrontation between Catalan and Spanish Historical Memory 维基百科作为加泰罗尼亚和西班牙历史记忆的纪念对抗空间
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.6.1
Maksym V. Kirchanov
The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of Catalan nationalism in the Catalan and Spanish ver-sions of Wikipedia as modern space for the development and actualization of collective historical memory and national identities. The author analyzes how agents of historical politics in Catalonia and Castile, using the vir-tual space of Wikipedia, construct various images of the history of Catalan nationalism and its political deriva-tives. The novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the virtual space of Wikipedia as a sphere of actual-ization of different versions of collective historical memory for Catalonia and Spain. The author analyzes: the perception of Catalan nationalism experience in the Catalan and Spanish sections of Wikipedia; various points of view on the history of Catalan nationalism presented in the virtual space; the perception of the history of Cat-alan nationalism as space of memory wars and memorial confrontations. The study also shows that the virtual-ization of collective memory has become a factor stimulating various and mutually exclusive ways of perceiv-ing the historical past, as presented in articles in the Catalan and Spanish sections of Wikipedia focused on the history of Catalan nationalism. It is assumed that the virtual space of the Catalan and Spanish versions of Wik-ipedia are just as susceptible to politicization as the academic environment of the regional historiographies of Spain. The results of the study suggest that the trends of memory virtualization will contribute to the Catalan-Spanish memorial confrontation.
本研究的目的是分析加泰罗尼亚和西班牙语版本的维基百科对加泰罗尼亚民族主义的看法,作为集体历史记忆和民族认同发展和实现的现代空间。作者分析了加泰罗尼亚和卡斯蒂利亚的历史政治代理人如何利用维基百科的虚拟空间,构建加泰罗尼亚民族主义历史及其政治衍生品的各种形象。该研究的新颖之处在于将维基百科的虚拟空间作为加泰罗尼亚和西班牙不同版本的集体历史记忆的现实化领域进行分析。作者分析:在维基百科的加泰罗尼亚语和西班牙语部分对加泰罗尼亚民族主义经验的感知;在虚拟空间中呈现的关于加泰罗尼亚民族主义历史的各种观点;将加泰罗尼亚民族主义的历史视为记忆战争和纪念对抗的空间。该研究还表明,集体记忆的虚拟化已经成为一个因素,刺激了各种相互排斥的感知历史的方式,正如维基百科加泰罗尼亚语和西班牙语部分关于加泰罗尼亚民族主义历史的文章所呈现的那样。据推测,加泰罗尼亚语和西班牙语版本的维基百科的虚拟空间就像西班牙地区史学的学术环境一样容易受到政治化的影响。研究结果表明,记忆虚拟化的趋势将有助于加泰罗尼亚-西班牙纪念对抗。
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引用次数: 0
Prospects for the Development of Counter-Terrorism Institutions and Technologies in Angola 安哥拉发展反恐怖主义机构和技术的前景
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.6.6
Rodrigesh P.D.D. Santush
The article focuses on the growth of the terrorist threat in modern Angola and the prospects for its reduction. It is argued that the emerging situation is due to a combination of economic, political and social factors. Ensuring the stable development of society requires Angola to improve the quality of social institutions in terms of coun-ter-terrorism technology development. In particular, it is necessary to take into account possible terrorist innova-tions, which, in the absence of an institutional response, can make the country’s population more vulnerable to terrorist propaganda. Long-term counteraction to terrorism in Angola should be linked to the state program of economic development of lagging regions and economic diversification. The state development of the IT in-dustry looks particularly promising, which will not only strengthen the country’s economy, but also allow the state to develop effective counter-terrorism technologies in the digital space. A decisive contribution to reducing the level of the terrorist threat should be made by institutional changes that involve the legitimisation of Cabin-da's political elites, as well as the formation of a strong national identity, which is impossible without building a more inclusive education system.
这篇文章的重点是在现代安哥拉恐怖主义威胁的增长和其减少的前景。有人认为,出现这种情况是由于经济、政治和社会因素的综合作用。确保社会的稳定发展要求安哥拉在反恐技术发展方面提高社会机构的质量。特别是,有必要考虑到可能的恐怖主义创新,在缺乏制度反应的情况下,这些创新可能使该国人民更容易受到恐怖主义宣传的影响。安哥拉对恐怖主义的长期反击应与落后地区的经济发展和经济多样化的国家方案联系起来。IT行业的国家发展看起来特别有希望,这不仅会加强国家的经济,而且还允许国家在数字空间开发有效的反恐技术。为降低恐怖主义威胁水平做出决定性贡献的,应该是制度变革,包括让执政联盟的政治精英合法化,以及形成强大的国家认同。如果不建立一个更具包容性的教育体系,这是不可能的。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership Community in the System of Regional Public Policy (Based on the Study of the Participants’ Community of the “Leaders of Kuban” Personnel Project) 区域公共政策体系中的领导共同体(基于“库班领导”人才项目参与者共同体的研究)
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.6.2
Irina V. Samarkina, Inna V. Miroshnichenko, Laura A. Shpiro
The article presents the results of a study of the regional leadership community (participants of five seasons of the Governor’s Personnel Project “Leaders of Kuban – Moving Up!”), conducted in 2022 by online question-naire to assess the career development, professional potential and effectiveness of institutional mechanisms for recruiting youth leaders into the system of public administration of Krasnodar Krai. The authors come to the following conclusions: the community of leaders in the region includes representatives of different age groups of society, combining the potential of energy and experience; leadership potential is concentrated mainly in local centers; the leadership community is mainly focused on realizing its potential in the region. The region’s leadership potential is concentrated in the system of public policy, but this potential is unevenly distributed: the maximum concentration of leadership potential is in the social sphere, the economy and business. Representa-tives of the leadership community are focused on the further search for social lifts and career advancement, they are open to using various innovative recruitment formats for the socio-political and administrative-political elite of the region.
本文介绍了2022年通过在线问卷对地区领导社区(省长人事项目“库班领导人-提升!”的五季参与者)进行的研究结果,以评估克拉斯诺达尔边疆区公共管理系统中招募青年领导人的制度机制的职业发展,专业潜力和有效性。作者得出以下结论:该地区的领导人社区包括不同年龄段的社会代表,结合了能量和经验的潜力;领导潜能主要集中在地方中心;领导社区主要致力于实现其在该地区的潜力。该地区的领导潜力集中在公共政策系统中,但这种潜力分布不均匀:领导潜力的最大集中在社会领域、经济和商业领域。领导阶层的代表关注于进一步寻求社会提升和职业发展,他们愿意为该地区的社会政治和行政政治精英采用各种创新的招聘形式。
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引用次数: 0
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Obŝestvo: politika, èkonomika, pravo
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