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The Role and Influence of the United States in Latin America: Problems and Perspectives 美国在拉丁美洲的作用和影响:问题和观点
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.9
Oleg A. Khlopov
This article explores key areas and issues underlying U.S.-Latin American relations and analyzes current chal-lenges to U.S. leadership on issues of migration, democracy, and the economy. Despite President J. Biden’s assertion that the United States’ influence in Latin America is necessary to address the persistent challenges that prevent the region from realizing its full potential, the United States now faces the challenge of fragmented leadership as a major global player, and Latin American states are developing numerous partnerships with other regions and countries, including Russia and China. According to the article, conclusion dwell upon the fact that many states that are supporters of a multipolar world and strive to take their rightful place in the global system of economic relations, such as the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China, do not ac-cept direct U.S. interference in their internal affairs.
本文探讨了美国与拉丁美洲关系的关键领域和问题,并分析了当前美国在移民、民主和经济等问题上的领导地位所面临的挑战。尽管j·拜登(J. Biden)总统断言,美国在拉丁美洲的影响力对于解决阻碍该地区充分发挥潜力的持续挑战是必要的,但作为一个主要的全球参与者,美国现在面临着领导力分散的挑战,拉美国家正在与包括俄罗斯和中国在内的其他地区和国家发展众多伙伴关系。文章的结论指出,许多支持多极世界并努力在全球经济关系体系中占据应有地位的国家,如俄罗斯联邦和中华人民共和国,不接受美国对其内政的直接干涉。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Russians’ Perceptions of Patriotism 俄罗斯人爱国主义观念的动态
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.7
Elena V. Savva
Patriotism is one of the broadest and loosely defined concepts of social and political science. Commonly, it is viewed as a political principle and a person’s sense of belonging to the country. The verbal acceptance and approval of patriotism in Russian society increased throughout the entire period of scientific observations 2006–2023, with the dynamics being particularly intense in the period 2012–2018. Foreign policy appears to be the major factor in the growth of Russians’ patriotic sentiments. Loyalty to the authorities as a component of patriotism practically did not change in the period 2006–2018, and then increased rapidly and significantly in the period 2018–2023. It is fair to assume that such dynamics is associated not with foreign policy, but with in-ternal socio-political factors.
爱国主义是社会和政治科学中最广泛和最松散的概念之一。通常,它被视为一种政治原则和一个人对国家的归属感。在2006-2023年整个科学观察期间,俄罗斯社会对爱国主义的口头接受和认可有所增加,其中2012-2018年期间的动态尤为强烈。外交政策似乎是俄罗斯人爱国情绪增长的主要因素。作为爱国主义组成部分的对当局的忠诚在2006年至2018年期间几乎没有变化,然后在2018年至2023年期间迅速而显著地增加。可以公平地假设,这种动态与外交政策无关,而与内部社会政治因素有关。
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引用次数: 0
“Closed Society and its Friends”: Strategy of Survival of the Russian Civilization in the Conditions of Global Turbulence “封闭社会及其朋友”:全球动荡条件下俄罗斯文明的生存战略
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.1
Ilya L. Morozov
Based on the principles of system approach and using the historical and genetic method, the author examines the process of evolution of Russian civilization from the superpower of the USSR to the weakened international positions of the Russian Federation (1985–1999) and comes to the conclusion that the main mistake of the state-management elite was the premature opening of economic, informational, socio-cultural “contours” of the state and society to the external impact of the collective West (Euro-Atlantic), which turned out to be destructive and directed towards the Russian civilization. In modern conditions, Russia in the international arena positions itself as a state-civilization, which has to simultaneously solve two political problems: ensuring a sufficient de-gree of “closedness” from external destructive influences, but at the same time searching for a spiritual and ideological concept of “open” type, aimed at gathering allies around it, ready to resist the westernized version of globalization and the unipolar military-political model of the international system.
基于系统方法的原则,作者运用历史和遗传学的方法,考察了俄罗斯文明从苏联的超级大国到俄罗斯联邦国际地位的削弱(1985-1999)的演变过程,并得出结论:国家管理精英的主要错误是过早地开放经济、信息、国家和社会的社会文化“轮廓”受到西方集体(欧洲-大西洋)的外部影响,结果证明这是破坏性的,并指向俄罗斯文明。在现代条件下,俄罗斯在国际舞台上将自己定位为一个国家文明,它必须同时解决两个政治问题:确保足够程度的“封闭”,不受外部破坏性影响,同时寻求一种“开放”型的精神和意识形态概念,旨在将盟友聚集在自己周围,准备抵制西方化的全球化和国际体系的单极军事政治模式。
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引用次数: 0
Features of Calculating the Initial (Maximum) Prices of Contracts in the Implementation of Public Procurement 公共采购实施中合同初始(最高)价格计算的特点
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.13
Inna M. Asymont
Justification of the initial (maximum) contract price is one of the main tools used at the stage of supplier selec-tion. Establishing the marginal price of the contract has a significant impact on the quality of work performance, qualification of the supplier and, as a consequence, on the efficiency of budget financing utilization as a whole. The aim of the study is to analyze the correctness of the methods used in practice to calculate the initial (maxi-mum) prices of contracts enshrined in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. Thus, the methods of analysis, synthesis, abduction and comparison of the obtained mathematical calculations were used in the work. The documentation attached to the notices published in the Unified Information System justifying the cal-culation of the marginal price of various contracts has been analyzed. In the course of the analysis, the author calculated the coefficients necessary to decide on the acceptability of the values applied by customers at the stage of supplier selection, in particular, the coefficients of variation and mean square deviation used in the method of comparable market prices. The study identified cases of incorrect application of mathematical justi-fication models in determining the amount of funding aimed at realizing the objectives of budgetary institutions. Such incorrect application of models can lead to an increase in the cost of work and, as a result, the risks of unfair behavior of participants in the contract model.
确定初始(最高)合同价格是供应商选择阶段使用的主要工具之一。合同边际价格的确定对工作绩效的质量、供应商的资质,进而对整个预算融资利用的效率产生重大影响。本研究的目的是分析在实践中用于计算俄罗斯联邦监管法律行为中规定的合同初始(最高)价格的方法的正确性。因此,在工作中采用了分析、综合、引申和比较所得数学计算的方法。对统一信息系统中公布的证明计算各种合同边际价格的通知所附的文件进行了分析。在分析过程中,作者计算了在供应商选择阶段决定客户所应用的值的可接受性所需的系数,特别是在可比市场价格方法中使用的变异系数和均方差。这项研究查明了在确定旨在实现预算机构目标的资金数额时错误地应用数学证明模型的情况。这种不正确的模型应用可能导致工作成本的增加,从而增加合同模型参与者不公平行为的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Оfficial Digital Political Agenda of Political Opinion Leaders: Major Intersections of Political Discourse and Youth Preferences Оfficial政治意见领袖的数字政治议程:政治话语和青年偏好的主要交叉点
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.6
Maria V. Nikolaeva, Yulia A. Romanova
The authors examine the official digital political agenda in terms of young people’s perception of the political discourse broadcast by political actors in the online space. Social media contribute to the formation of a new political agenda involving users and political actors. This facilitates the integration of a political subject into the information and news flow, as well as to become a leader of socio-political opinion. The empirical base of the research was the content of the official accounts of D.A. Medvedev, S.S. Sobyanin and S.K. Shoigu (the method of linguistic and discourse analysis of publications, hashtags, photos, videos and feedback in the form of comments and reposts), which constitute the political content of the social platform “VKontakte” and messenger “Telegram” according to the rating of Medialogy for the period from June 1 to June 30, 2023. The empirical base also includes the results of the author’s projective methodology focused on studying of young people’s perception of the digital political agenda. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that users perceive the digital political agenda in the online space in a non-linear way, reacting to visual and textual pat-terns, but not reproducing a holistic political picture, which is represented by a political subject in their social media.
作者根据年轻人对政治行动者在网络空间中传播的政治话语的看法,研究了官方数字政治议程。社交媒体有助于形成涉及用户和政治行动者的新政治议程。这有助于将政治主体融入信息和新闻流,并成为社会政治意见的领导者。研究的实证基础是D.A. Medvedev、S.S. Sobyanin和S.K. Shoigu官方账号的内容(对出版物、标签、照片、视频和评论和转发形式的反馈进行语言和话语分析的方法),根据Medialogy的评级,这些内容构成了社交平台“VKontakte”和信使“Telegram”在2023年6月1日至6月30日期间的政治内容。实证基础还包括作者专注于研究年轻人对数字政治议程的感知的投影方法的结果。通过研究,作者得出结论,用户以非线性的方式感知网络空间中的数字政治议程,对视觉和文本模式做出反应,但并没有再现一个整体的政治图景,而这个政治图景是由他们的社交媒体中的政治主体所代表的。
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引用次数: 0
The Global Coal Market in New Geopolitical Realities 地缘政治新现实下的全球煤炭市场
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.8
Andrey A. Sizov
Currently, the global coal market is influenced by several conflicting factors, which contribute to the fact that coal energy will retain a significant role in the world economy in future. In particular, the negative impact on the environment can be significantly reduced with new technological solutions (CCUS, HELE). An important role in the global coal market is played by the Russian coal industry, which, despite West-ern sanctions, is developing dynamically, including due to the redirection of export flows to the east. To consol-idate Russia's leading position in the global market, in our opinion, it is necessary to implement the idea of unit-ing coal-producing countries by forming the Alliance of Coal Exporters (ACE). The creation of the Alliance of Coal Exporters will help to increase the degree of controllability of the global coal market as a whole and the predictability of world coal prices, which will meet the interests of both suppliers and consumers of coal. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which unites a number of leading suppliers and con-sumers of this type of fuel, could become the institutional basis for the creation of the Alliance of Coal Export-ers. The exporters remaining outside the organization will not be able to challenge the energy component of the SCO, with its growing geopolitical and military-political potential and mutual coordination of the Eurasian countries – coal producers.
目前,全球煤炭市场受到几个相互矛盾的因素的影响,这有助于煤炭能源在未来的世界经济中仍将发挥重要作用。特别是,新的技术解决方案可以显著减少对环境的负面影响(CCUS, HELE)。俄罗斯煤炭工业在全球煤炭市场上发挥着重要作用,尽管受到西方的制裁,但由于出口流量转向东方,俄罗斯煤炭工业正在蓬勃发展。为了巩固俄罗斯在全球市场上的领先地位,我们认为有必要通过组建煤炭出口国联盟(ACE)来实现联合煤炭生产国的想法。煤炭出口商联盟的成立将有助于提高全球煤炭市场的整体可控性和世界煤炭价格的可预测性,这将符合煤炭供应国和消费国的利益。上海合作组织(SCO)联合了一些主要的煤炭供应商和消费者,可以成为建立煤炭出口国联盟的制度基础。由于上海合作组织的地缘政治和军事政治潜力日益增长,以及欧亚大陆煤炭生产国之间的相互协调,未加入该组织的出口国将无法挑战上海合作组织的能源部分。
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引用次数: 0
Russia-China Interaction on Countering Terrorism in Cyberspace 俄中网络空间反恐合作
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.3
Tatiana N. Bukreeva, Anastasia V. Popova, Alena I. Lavrova
The availability of the Internet, the increasing speed of information dissemination, and the wide reach of audi-ences are moving terrorist organizations into cyberspace. The global nature of the Internet and digitalization requires close international cooperation to counter terrorism in the online space. Over the past 5 years, the problems of cyber terrorism have steadily increased, and both Russia and China remain targets for cyber threats. To counter cyberterrorism, the two countries cooperate multilaterally and bilaterally. Multilateral coop-eration is carried out as part of the UN, SCO, and BRICS, where Russia and China demonstrate similar ap-proaches in developing international legal instruments to combat cybercrime. Bilateral cooperation includes collaboration between national competent authorities, exchange of information between the parties on investi-gating the use of ICTs for criminal purposes, joint response to threats in the information environment, and tech-nological cooperation. Russia and China have achieved some success in countering threats in cyberspace. Nevertheless, it is necessary to expand information interaction between the parties on international platforms, to pursue a policy that prevents terrorist organizations from using the territory of the two countries to commit cybercrimes, and to develop tools for joint control over the dissemination of information with terrorist content.
互联网的普及、信息传播速度的加快和受众的广泛,使恐怖组织进入网络空间。互联网和数字化的全球性要求在打击网络空间恐怖主义方面开展密切的国际合作。过去5年,网络恐怖主义问题有增无减,俄罗斯和中国都是网络威胁的目标。在打击网络恐怖主义方面,两国开展了多边和双边合作。在联合国、上海合作组织和金砖国家框架下开展多边合作,俄罗斯和中国在制定打击网络犯罪的国际法律文书方面表现出相似的做法。双边合作包括国家主管部门之间的协作、双方在调查信息通信技术用于犯罪目的方面的信息交流、共同应对信息环境中的威胁以及技术合作。俄罗斯和中国在应对网络空间威胁方面取得了一些成功。然而,有必要扩大双方在国际平台上的信息互动,采取防止恐怖组织利用两国领土实施网络犯罪的政策,并开发共同控制恐怖内容信息传播的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Methodological Basis for Comprehensive Assessment of Business Process Performance in Enterprise Quality Management 企业质量管理中业务过程绩效综合评价的方法基础
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.14
Elena D. Starodubtseva
The article explains the specifics of forming a methodology for the comprehensive assessment of key perfor-mance indicators of business processes in quality management. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the existing methods of foreign and domestic scientists for calculating and evaluating business process indicators do not affect their relationship with the quality management of enterprises and do not describe the procedure for their automation. In addition, the author argues for the methodology of comprehensive assess-ment of key performance indicators of business processes of the quality management system, consisting of several stages: identification of processes, determination of their performance, expert evaluation of indicators, carrying out calculations according to specified formulas. An example of automating the calculation of key per-formance indicators of the business process “monitoring and measurement” of an industrial enterprise is pre-sented. This methodology allows to consider the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise’s business pro-cesses for further development of corrective action plans to improve the quality management system.
本文解释了形成质量管理中业务过程关键绩效指标综合评估方法的具体内容。该研究的相关性是由于国内外科学家计算和评估业务流程指标的现有方法不影响其与企业质量管理的关系,也没有描述其自动化的程序。提出了质量管理体系业务过程关键绩效指标综合评价的方法,包括过程识别、过程绩效确定、指标专家评价、按规定公式进行计算等几个阶段。给出了一个工业企业业务流程“监控与度量”关键绩效指标自动化计算的实例。该方法允许考虑企业业务过程的优势和劣势,以便进一步制定纠正措施计划,以改进质量管理体系。
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引用次数: 0
National Research and Development Policy and Higher School of the Russian Federation in the Context of the Presidential Addresses to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation 在俄罗斯联邦联邦会议总统讲话的背景下,俄罗斯联邦国家研究与发展政策和高等学校
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.4
Dmitrii Yu. Znamenskiy, Maria A. Elizarova
The article is focused on the problem of changing the priorities of the state science and technology policy of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the issues under consideration is especially growing in recent years in the context of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy in general and on its knowledge-intensive industries in particular. The authors use content analysis as a key method of research, the object of which are the texts of the last three presidential addresses to the Federal Assembly. As a result, the authors ascertain the increasing attention to the problems of domestic science, including fundamental science, on the part of the head of state, highlight the key emphases in the presidential messages on the issues of training of scientific personnel, fi-nancing of fundamental research, attracting young researchers to science, etc. Besides, the article highlights a number of problems that are objectively inherent in the domestic scientific and technological system, but are not directly mentioned in the presidential addresses.
本文的重点是改变俄罗斯联邦国家科学和技术政策优先次序的问题。近年来,在制裁对整个俄罗斯经济,特别是对其知识密集型工业施加压力的背景下,审议中的问题的相关性尤其增加。作者使用内容分析作为研究的关键方法,其对象是最近三次总统在联邦大会上的演讲文本。因此,作者确定了国家元首对包括基础科学在内的国内科学问题的日益关注,并强调了总统咨文中关于培训科学人员、资助基础研究、吸引年轻研究人员从事科学研究等问题的重点。此外,这篇文章还强调了国内科技体系客观上固有的一些问题,但这些问题在总统的讲话中没有直接提到。
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引用次数: 1
Digitalization: Role in the Development of Russia’s Political System 数字化:在俄罗斯政治体制发展中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.24158/pep.2023.9.10
Carl H.O. Etchue
This article scrutinizes the role of digitalization in the development of Russia’s administrative and political sys-tems as part of the digitalization policy that aims to create the foundations of a digital government and the digi-talization policy to rapidly introduce digital-based working methods and management of administrative re-sources in all government services for the period 2018–2024. This policy is part of the implementation of the national project “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, which aims to formulate and build a suitable na-tional policy in a world of growing digital competition, taking into account international experience. The suc-cessful realization of this program hinges primarily on a lucid and uncomplicated articulation of the strategic objectives of the socio-political development model that Russian society has opted for. This should be rooted in a profound understanding of the state’s duties and functions within the digital policy framework.
本文详细介绍了数字化在俄罗斯行政和政治系统发展中的作用,作为数字化政策的一部分,数字化政策旨在为数字政府奠定基础,数字化政策旨在2018-2024年期间在所有政府服务中迅速引入基于数字的工作方法和行政资源管理。该政策是实施“俄罗斯联邦数字经济”国家项目的一部分,该项目旨在制定和建立适合数字竞争日益激烈的世界的国家政策,并考虑到国际经验。该计划的成功实现主要取决于俄罗斯社会选择的社会政治发展模式的战略目标的清晰和简单的表达。这应该植根于对国家在数字政策框架内的职责和职能的深刻理解。
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引用次数: 0
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