Marine construction homogenise coastal ecosystems by replacing a diverse array of shoreline habitats with artificial hard structures, such as seawalls and jetties. Climate adaptation will further increase shoreline hardening, posing an additional threat to coastal biodiversity. We therefore addressed the urgent need for practically oriented research on how to best promote marine biodiversity on different types of artificial substrates by testing the effects of enriching a Dutch sea-dike with artificial tidepools. For three years we monitored the development of different functional groups of sessile organisms on three different types of tidepools that were added in six clusters to the existing boulder base of a sea-dike. The artificial tidepools developed diverse sessile communities that included the common groups barnacles, green algae, bladderwrack, mussels and oysters; but also unique species groups, such as anemones, hydroids, red algae and colonial diatoms, that were otherwise absent or very rare on the sea-dike. Consequently, after three years, the taxonomic diversity of benthic organisms were 50 % higher in the artificial tidepools than on comparable rock habitats on the sea-dike, and the tidepool communities were more different from each other than from the other habitats on the dike. We demonstrate that artificial tidepools can play an important role in management interventions to increase habitat heterogeneity and bolster marine biodiversity on artificial substrates.
{"title":"Artificial tidepools promote marine diversity on Dutch sea-dikes","authors":"Britas Klemens Eriksson , Johanna Catharina Rippen , Martje Birker-Wegter , Benja Blaschke , Anne-Mare Branderhorst , Jordis Dörfler , Pieter van Essen , Lars Gehin , Jet Hiltermann , Tolga Finn Kucuk , Aveline Meekhof , Leah Merlijn , Marit Nygård , Sanne Puister , Meander Tijsseling , Denise Vaas , Bente Wittendorp , Lucía Irazábal-González","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine construction homogenise coastal ecosystems by replacing a diverse array of shoreline habitats with artificial hard structures, such as seawalls and jetties. Climate adaptation will further increase shoreline hardening, posing an additional threat to coastal biodiversity. We therefore addressed the urgent need for practically oriented research on how to best promote marine biodiversity on different types of artificial substrates by testing the effects of enriching a Dutch sea-dike with artificial tidepools. For three years we monitored the development of different functional groups of sessile organisms on three different types of tidepools that were added in six clusters to the existing boulder base of a sea-dike. The artificial tidepools developed diverse sessile communities that included the common groups barnacles, green algae, bladderwrack, mussels and oysters; but also unique species groups, such as anemones, hydroids, red algae and colonial diatoms, that were otherwise absent or very rare on the sea-dike. Consequently, after three years, the taxonomic diversity of benthic organisms were 50 % higher in the artificial tidepools than on comparable rock habitats on the sea-dike, and the tidepool communities were more different from each other than from the other habitats on the dike. We demonstrate that artificial tidepools can play an important role in management interventions to increase habitat heterogeneity and bolster marine biodiversity on artificial substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102617
Jihyuk Kim , Hyun-Ki Hong , Byeong-Gweon Lee
Ocean acidification (OA) and metal pollution pose significant threats to marine ecosystems, particularly in coastal areas. This study investigated the synergistic effects of OA and copper toxicity on Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) gametes. Spermatozoa and oocytes were exposed to varying pCO2 levels and copper concentrations for 2 h. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell mortality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and fertilization success. Results showed increased mortality in both sperm and oocytes with rising copper and pCO2 levels, with sperm exhibiting higher sensitivity. ROS production in gametes displayed complex patterns, suggesting adaptive responses at lower copper concentrations and potential cell death at higher levels. Fertilization success decreased significantly at lower pH combined with higher copper concentrations (> 10 μg Cu/L). These findings demonstrate that OA exacerbates copper toxicity in M. gigas gametes through interactive effects, highlighting the need to consider multiple stressors when assessing pollutant impacts on coastal ecosystems.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of ocean acidification and copper on gamete health and fertilization potential of the Pacific oyster Magallana (Crassostrea) gigas","authors":"Jihyuk Kim , Hyun-Ki Hong , Byeong-Gweon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean acidification (OA) and metal pollution pose significant threats to marine ecosystems, particularly in coastal areas. This study investigated the synergistic effects of OA and copper toxicity on Pacific oyster (<em>Magallana gigas</em>) gametes. Spermatozoa and oocytes were exposed to varying <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> levels and copper concentrations for 2 h. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell mortality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and fertilization success. Results showed increased mortality in both sperm and oocytes with rising copper and <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> levels, with sperm exhibiting higher sensitivity. ROS production in gametes displayed complex patterns, suggesting adaptive responses at lower copper concentrations and potential cell death at higher levels. Fertilization success decreased significantly at lower pH combined with higher copper concentrations (> 10 μg Cu/L). These findings demonstrate that OA exacerbates copper toxicity in <em>M. gigas</em> gametes through interactive effects, highlighting the need to consider multiple stressors when assessing pollutant impacts on coastal ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102615
Abu Hena Muhammad Yousuf, Mosa. Tania Alim Shampa, MD. Niamul Hasan Rifat, Sahadat Habib
Microplastics (MPs) exert a substantial threat to marine ecosystems, including the Bay of Bengal (BoB), due to their widespread presence and high potential for bioaccumulation in marine biota. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the bioaccumulation of MPs, their prevalence, and the potential pathways for these contaminants in the BoB. By systematically reviewing existing literature, we analyzed relevant studies and identified key findings. MPs were detected in various marine organisms, including finfish, shellfish, and plankton in the BoB. Demersal species were found to ingest more MPs than pelagic species, likely due to their proximity to MP-laden sediments. The concentration of MPs varied with body weight and length, with some species showing a positive correlation, while others exhibited a negative correlation. MP particle sizes ranged from <500 μm to 1000 μm, with black particles, fibers, and fragments being the most common forms. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were identified as the dominant polymers. Major sources of MP pollution in the BoB include fisheries, industrial and sewage discharge, tourism, and agricultural runoff. The review also highlights the ecological implications of their accumulation and the potential health risks to humans through the consumption of contaminated seafood. Lack of information on deep-sea and cultured species, trophic transfer, and standard methods are some of the most important shortcomings. Researchers should use more advanced methods of discovery in future studies and look into the long-term effects on health and the environment. To reduce MP pollution in the BoB, policymakers should work on reducing the use of plastic, making waste management better, and walking biodegradable alternatives.
{"title":"Microplastics in the Bay of Bengal: A critical review of bioaccumulation and ecological impacts across Bangladesh","authors":"Abu Hena Muhammad Yousuf, Mosa. Tania Alim Shampa, MD. Niamul Hasan Rifat, Sahadat Habib","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) exert a substantial threat to marine ecosystems, including the Bay of Bengal (BoB), due to their widespread presence and high potential for bioaccumulation in marine biota. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the bioaccumulation of MPs, their prevalence, and the potential pathways for these contaminants in the BoB. By systematically reviewing existing literature, we analyzed relevant studies and identified key findings. MPs were detected in various marine organisms, including finfish, shellfish, and plankton in the BoB. Demersal species were found to ingest more MPs than pelagic species, likely due to their proximity to MP-laden sediments. The concentration of MPs varied with body weight and length, with some species showing a positive correlation, while others exhibited a negative correlation. MP particle sizes ranged from <500 μm to 1000 μm, with black particles, fibers, and fragments being the most common forms. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were identified as the dominant polymers. Major sources of MP pollution in the BoB include fisheries, industrial and sewage discharge, tourism, and agricultural runoff. The review also highlights the ecological implications of their accumulation and the potential health risks to humans through the consumption of contaminated seafood. Lack of information on deep-sea and cultured species, trophic transfer, and standard methods are some of the most important shortcomings. Researchers should use more advanced methods of discovery in future studies and look into the long-term effects on health and the environment. To reduce MP pollution in the BoB, policymakers should work on reducing the use of plastic, making waste management better, and walking biodegradable alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102609
Zixin Feng, Qiang Gao, Runping Zhang
In the current complex domestic and international environment, marine economic resilience has become one of the basic guarantees for whether the marine economy can achieve high-quality development. At the same time, the development of the marine industry in coastal areas is undergoing rapid development and showing a trend of agglomeration, providing an unprecedented opportunity to increase marine economic resilience. Thus, the impact of marine industrial agglomeration on marine economic resilience deserves further investigation. This study takes 11 coastal provinces and cities in China as an example. First, marine economic resilience is divided into three subsystems: resistance ability, recovery ability, and evolution ability, and evaluated by several methods. Second, this study uses empirical methods to analyse the impact of marine industrial agglomeration on economic resilience and its influencing mechanism. The results show that: (1) Marine industrial agglomeration can significantly increase marine economic resilience. (2) Marine industrial agglomeration increases marine economic resilience through scale effects and spillover effects, and the impact of division of labor effects on marine economic resilience has a single threshold effect. (3) The impact of marine industrial agglomeration on marine economic resilience has significant spatial heterogeneity. Our study can enrich the research in this field and provide reference for the development of marine industry and marine economy in coastal areas.
{"title":"The impact of marine industrial agglomeration on marine economic resilience—A case study of China's coastal areas","authors":"Zixin Feng, Qiang Gao, Runping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current complex domestic and international environment, marine economic resilience has become one of the basic guarantees for whether the marine economy can achieve high-quality development. At the same time, the development of the marine industry in coastal areas is undergoing rapid development and showing a trend of agglomeration, providing an unprecedented opportunity to increase marine economic resilience. Thus, the impact of marine industrial agglomeration on marine economic resilience deserves further investigation. This study takes 11 coastal provinces and cities in China as an example. First, marine economic resilience is divided into three subsystems: resistance ability, recovery ability, and evolution ability, and evaluated by several methods. Second, this study uses empirical methods to analyse the impact of marine industrial agglomeration on economic resilience and its influencing mechanism. The results show that: (1) Marine industrial agglomeration can significantly increase marine economic resilience. (2) Marine industrial agglomeration increases marine economic resilience through scale effects and spillover effects, and the impact of division of labor effects on marine economic resilience has a single threshold effect. (3) The impact of marine industrial agglomeration on marine economic resilience has significant spatial heterogeneity. Our study can enrich the research in this field and provide reference for the development of marine industry and marine economy in coastal areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent a significant environmental and socio-economic threat across the Persian Gulf region, impacting marine ecosystems, public health, and coastal economies. This study shows an advanced predictive pipeline that uses satellite remote sensing data with ensemble Artificial intelligence (AI) modeling to forecast HAB events along the coastlines of Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, and Hormuz. Key environmental variables, including chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at wavelengths of 412, 443, 488, 513, and 555 nm, were extracted from MODIS-Aqua imagery, providing a comprehensive depiction of the spatial and temporal variability in the marine environment. We employed a species distribution modeling approach that integrates an ensemble of five machine learning (ML) algorithms—Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Radial Basis Function (RBF)—to mitigate the limitations of single-model predictions and enhance forecast reliability. Our modeling framework utilized 1809 confirmed HAB presence observations alongside 13,396 systematically generated pseudo-absence points, with model performance validated through bootstrapping and cross-validation over 713 daily prediction intervals. The ensemble model, formulated via AUC-weighted aggregation of individual predictions, achieved a robust average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.95 and a peak True Skill Statistic (TSS) of 0.85. Specifically, a case study on November 23, 2008, yielded a sensitivity of 96.67 % and specificity of 74.37 %, highlighting the model's proficiency in correctly identifying HAB events. Variable importance plots pinned SST and certain Rrs bands (particularly at 443 and 555 nm) as key predictors, which concurs with established drivers of algal growth. Further, this coupled method not only yields high-resolution spatial and temporal forecasts of bloom events but also refined insight into environmental mechanisms underlying HAB dynamics, informing effective coastal governance and policy making. Collectively, these findings illustrate the promise of combining remote sensing data with ensemble AI methods to create effective early-warning systems and inform targeted management practices for reducing impacts of HABs in the Persian Gulf.
{"title":"Prediction of harmful algal blooms in the Persian Gulf using remote sensing and artificial intelligence modeling","authors":"Mitra Naeimi , Zahra Azizi , Mohammad Seddiq Mortazavi , Seyedeh Laili Mohebbi Nozar , Mojtaba Ezam","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent a significant environmental and socio-economic threat across the Persian Gulf region, impacting marine ecosystems, public health, and coastal economies. This study shows an advanced predictive pipeline that uses satellite remote sensing data with ensemble Artificial intelligence (AI) modeling to forecast HAB events along the coastlines of Bandar Abbas, Qeshm, and Hormuz. Key environmental variables, including chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and remote sensing reflectance (R<sub>rs</sub>) at wavelengths of 412, 443, 488, 513, and 555 nm, were extracted from MODIS-Aqua imagery, providing a comprehensive depiction of the spatial and temporal variability in the marine environment. We employed a species distribution modeling approach that integrates an ensemble of five machine learning (ML) algorithms—Random Forest (RF), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Radial Basis Function (RBF)—to mitigate the limitations of single-model predictions and enhance forecast reliability. Our modeling framework utilized 1809 confirmed HAB presence observations alongside 13,396 systematically generated pseudo-absence points, with model performance validated through bootstrapping and cross-validation over 713 daily prediction intervals. The ensemble model, formulated via AUC-weighted aggregation of individual predictions, achieved a robust average Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.95 and a peak True Skill Statistic (TSS) of 0.85. Specifically, a case study on November 23, 2008, yielded a sensitivity of 96.67 % and specificity of 74.37 %, highlighting the model's proficiency in correctly identifying HAB events. Variable importance plots pinned SST and certain Rrs bands (particularly at 443 and 555 nm) as key predictors, which concurs with established drivers of algal growth. Further, this coupled method not only yields high-resolution spatial and temporal forecasts of bloom events but also refined insight into environmental mechanisms underlying HAB dynamics, informing effective coastal governance and policy making. Collectively, these findings illustrate the promise of combining remote sensing data with ensemble AI methods to create effective early-warning systems and inform targeted management practices for reducing impacts of HABs in the Persian Gulf.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102616
Siyi Xu , Ye Xu , Xin Wang , Renming Jia , Qizhong Su , Chao Wang
The global understanding of coastal carbon cycling is increasingly recognising the disproportionate importance of small estuary-coastal bay systems. This study analysed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), coloured and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM, CDOM and FDOM), along with environmental parameters in Lianzhou Bay, northwestern South China Sea, during summer 2022. A two-endmember mixing model was applied to quantify the non-conservative (Δ) dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphorus (SRP), and DOM. DIN decreased linearly with salinity, suggesting conservative mixing, while SRP showed no salinity dependence and was elevated nearshore, suggesting anthropogenic inputs. Non-conservative additions of DOC (44 %), CDOM (31–44 %), and protein-like FDOM (FDOMP, 46 %) were accompanied by substantial DON removal (−83 %). ΔDOC and ΔCDOM were negatively correlated with chlorophyll-a, suggesting their origin from the early microbial transformation of phytoplankton-derived particles. Conversely, the positive correlation between ΔDON and chlorophyll-a, together with a negative ΔDON–ΔDIN correlation of differing magnitudes, suggests partial microbial utilisation of N-rich compounds, with nitrogen not fully retained as DIN. Regionally, CDOM accumulated in the middle bay with minimal ΔDOC, driven by microbial processing of biogenic particles; the southern bay showed zero ΔDOC but positive ΔFDOMP, suggesting coupled production and degradation; in the north, excess primary production led to DOC buildup and DON removal, with labile DOM actively utilized. Among Chinese bays, the relatively low FDOMP proportion in Lianzhou Bay, despite high DOM levels, reflects limited direct anthropogenic inputs and substantial microbial humification, highlighting the complex interplay of natural and human-driven processes shaping coastal DOM composition.
{"title":"Eutrophication-driven biogeochemical processes influencing dissolved organic matter dynamics in a tropical coastal bay: Insights from Lianzhou Bay, northwestern South China Sea","authors":"Siyi Xu , Ye Xu , Xin Wang , Renming Jia , Qizhong Su , Chao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global understanding of coastal carbon cycling is increasingly recognising the disproportionate importance of small estuary-coastal bay systems. This study analysed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), coloured and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (DOM, CDOM and FDOM), along with environmental parameters in Lianzhou Bay, northwestern South China Sea, during summer 2022. A two-endmember mixing model was applied to quantify the non-conservative (Δ) dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphorus (SRP), and DOM. DIN decreased linearly with salinity, suggesting conservative mixing, while SRP showed no salinity dependence and was elevated nearshore, suggesting anthropogenic inputs. Non-conservative additions of DOC (44 %), CDOM (31–44 %), and protein-like FDOM (FDOM<sub>P</sub>, 46 %) were accompanied by substantial DON removal (−83 %). ΔDOC and ΔCDOM were negatively correlated with chlorophyll-a, suggesting their origin from the early microbial transformation of phytoplankton-derived particles. Conversely, the positive correlation between ΔDON and chlorophyll-a, together with a negative ΔDON–ΔDIN correlation of differing magnitudes, suggests partial microbial utilisation of N-rich compounds, with nitrogen not fully retained as DIN. Regionally, CDOM accumulated in the middle bay with minimal ΔDOC, driven by microbial processing of biogenic particles; the southern bay showed zero ΔDOC but positive ΔFDOM<sub>P</sub>, suggesting coupled production and degradation; in the north, excess primary production led to DOC buildup and DON removal, with labile DOM actively utilized. Among Chinese bays, the relatively low FDOM<sub>P</sub> proportion in Lianzhou Bay, despite high DOM levels, reflects limited direct anthropogenic inputs and substantial microbial humification, highlighting the complex interplay of natural and human-driven processes shaping coastal DOM composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102618
Yafang Li , Quehui Tang , Shuangshuang Liu , Lianggen Wang , Jiajia Ning , Lei Xu , Delian Huang , Feiyan Du
The theory of classical island biogeography alone cannot encapsulate the dynamic pattern of island biodiversity, factors such as salinity, and anthropogenic influence and species traits should be considered. Here, islands of varying sizes, degrees of isolation, salinity, and anthropogenic influence from the inner to the outer waters of the Pearl River estuary in China, were selected as the sampling sites. During January to March 2023 (dry season), macrobenthic fauna, comprising various groups with distinct ecological traits, were collected in the rocky intertidal zones. Environmental gradients were derived from long-term salinity, temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen (DO) records from the Pearl River Estuary ecosystem field station, field measurements of anthropogenic disturbance, and GIS-calculated isolation distances. Island areas were obtained from the Guangdong Province Department of Natural Resources. The findings revealed that the species richness of the total, Molluscs and Annelids fit the power-function species–area relationship, whereas Arthropods did not. The generalized linear models showed a significant negative correlation between anthropogenic disturbances and Arthropod richness. Principal coordination analysis and beta diversity indicated substantial dissimilarities in the spatial structure similarity of communities among islands in this area. The analysis of generalized dissimilarity modeling indicated both environmental gradients and spatial distance could affect the β diversity of macrobenthic fauna. In the upper tidal zone, β diversity was predominantly influenced by geographic distance, while in the middle and lower zones, community composition was shaped by the salinity gradient. The outcomes of this study supports the role of area and spatial isolation in structuring community composition and diversity. However, environmental gradients such as salinity and anthropogenic disturbances may take precedence over other biogeographical processes. The significance of these gradients varies across different groups.
{"title":"The diversity and biogeography of macrobenthic fauna in the rocky intertidal zone of islands in the Pearl River estuary: effects of island area, isolation, salinity and human disturbance","authors":"Yafang Li , Quehui Tang , Shuangshuang Liu , Lianggen Wang , Jiajia Ning , Lei Xu , Delian Huang , Feiyan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The theory of classical island biogeography alone cannot encapsulate the dynamic pattern of island biodiversity, factors such as salinity, and anthropogenic influence and species traits should be considered. Here, islands of varying sizes, degrees of isolation, salinity, and anthropogenic influence from the inner to the outer waters of the Pearl River estuary in China, were selected as the sampling sites. During January to March 2023 (dry season), macrobenthic fauna, comprising various groups with distinct ecological traits, were collected in the rocky intertidal zones. Environmental gradients were derived from long-term salinity, temperature, depth, and dissolved oxygen (DO) records from the Pearl River Estuary ecosystem field station, field measurements of anthropogenic disturbance, and GIS-calculated isolation distances. Island areas were obtained from the Guangdong Province Department of Natural Resources. The findings revealed that the species richness of the total, Molluscs and Annelids fit the power-function species–area relationship, whereas Arthropods did not. The generalized linear models showed a significant negative correlation between anthropogenic disturbances and Arthropod richness. Principal coordination analysis and beta diversity indicated substantial dissimilarities in the spatial structure similarity of communities among islands in this area. The analysis of generalized dissimilarity modeling indicated both environmental gradients and spatial distance could affect the β diversity of macrobenthic fauna. In the upper tidal zone, β diversity was predominantly influenced by geographic distance, while in the middle and lower zones, community composition was shaped by the salinity gradient. The outcomes of this study supports the role of area and spatial isolation in structuring community composition and diversity. However, environmental gradients such as salinity and anthropogenic disturbances may take precedence over other biogeographical processes. The significance of these gradients varies across different groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents application and performance comparison of various machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze pH variations in the Red Sea between the years 2021 and 2024, utilizing satellite remote sensing from the Copernicus Programme. The accuracy of the model is enhanced by employing data preprocessing. The performance of a number of machine learning models (Stepwise Linear Regression, Gaussian Process Regression, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks) are assessed. The results shown that the highest predictive accuracy is achieved by Stepwise Linear Regression and Linear Regression models. These models found to be superior in predicting pH changes due to seasonal phytoplankton blooms, vertical mixing of waters, and CO₂ infusion from the atmosphere accurately. Therefore, this research proposes a comprehensive approach for evaluating long-term changes in pH levels using robust data, improving strategic environmental governance in marine ecosystems. ML-based algorithms offer more integrated, cost-effective, and scalable solutions for monitoring ocean acidification, outperforming traditional approaches in both efficiency and adaptability.
{"title":"pH acidification in the Red Sea: A machine learning-based validation study","authors":"Duygu Odabaş Alver , Hakan Işık , Selda Palabıyık , Buse Eraslan Akkan , Tamer Akkan","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents application and performance comparison of various machine learning (ML) techniques to analyze pH variations in the Red Sea between the years 2021 and 2024, utilizing satellite remote sensing from the Copernicus Programme. The accuracy of the model is enhanced by employing data preprocessing. The performance of a number of machine learning models (Stepwise Linear Regression, Gaussian Process Regression, Linear Regression, Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks) are assessed. The results shown that the highest predictive accuracy is achieved by Stepwise Linear Regression and Linear Regression models. These models found to be superior in predicting pH changes due to seasonal phytoplankton blooms, vertical mixing of waters, and CO₂ infusion from the atmosphere accurately. Therefore, this research proposes a comprehensive approach for evaluating long-term changes in pH levels using robust data, improving strategic environmental governance in marine ecosystems. ML-based algorithms offer more integrated, cost-effective, and scalable solutions for monitoring ocean acidification, outperforming traditional approaches in both efficiency and adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102607
Ming Wang, Zhijia Tan, Xiaofeng Zhang
This study addresses the critical challenge of enhancing inland waterway transport (IWT) resilience during disruptions, particularly considering imperfect shipper information. It proposes a dual subsidy mechanism targeting shippers and carriers to improve freight consolidation patterns. A bi-level programming model is formulated to determine optimal subsidies that encourage shippers to select optimal ports for cargo consolidation, aiming to minimize government expenditure while restoring system efficiency. The model, dealing with continuous shipper distribution, is discretized using the Finite Element Method to manage its complexity. To solve this intricate problem, a heuristic algorithm is developed. A comprehensive case study on the Yangtze River Economic Belt demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed freight consolidation subsidy mechanism. Results indicate mitigation of congestion during demand surges and effective adjustment of freight consolidation during compound disruptions, such as concurrent port and road network failures.
{"title":"Improving the resilience of inland waterway freight consolidation during disruptions through subsidies","authors":"Ming Wang, Zhijia Tan, Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the critical challenge of enhancing inland waterway transport (IWT) resilience during disruptions, particularly considering imperfect shipper information. It proposes a dual subsidy mechanism targeting shippers and carriers to improve freight consolidation patterns. A bi-level programming model is formulated to determine optimal subsidies that encourage shippers to select optimal ports for cargo consolidation, aiming to minimize government expenditure while restoring system efficiency. The model, dealing with continuous shipper distribution, is discretized using the Finite Element Method to manage its complexity. To solve this intricate problem, a heuristic algorithm is developed. A comprehensive case study on the Yangtze River Economic Belt demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed freight consolidation subsidy mechanism. Results indicate mitigation of congestion during demand surges and effective adjustment of freight consolidation during compound disruptions, such as concurrent port and road network failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2025.102614
Laura Alma Costa, Juliano Lauser Coletto, José Henrique Muelbert
Myctophids play a vital role in pelagic food webs by connecting basal trophic levels to higher-order consumers. Despite their ecological importance and high abundance, the feeding habits of these fishes have not yet been fully investigated in the Southwest Subtropical Atlantic. We examined spatial variations in the trophic ecology of two lanternfish (Myctophidae: Myctophiformes) species (Gymnoscopelus bolini and Lepidophanes guentheri). The analyses were based on two different regions of the southwest subtropical Atlantic influenced by distinct oceanographic regimes: (a) the north (20–28°S) and (b) south (28–34°S). Stomach content analysis (SCA) revealed that G. bolini preyed mainly on Euphausia spp. and Copepoda (%FO: 18.2), and L. guentheri preyed mainly on Euphausia spp. (%FO: 10.3) and Chaetognatha (%FO: 3.4). Stable isotope analysis (SIA) revealed that L. guentheri had different mean carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) values (± SD) between the north (δ13C: −19.9 ± 0.3 ‰; δ15N: 6.2 ± 0.9 ‰) and south (δ13C: −20.5 ± 0.7 ‰; δ15N: 8.5 ± 2.3 ‰) regions, while G. bolini (south only) had average values of δ13C: −20.4 ± 0.6 ‰, δ15N: 9.6 ± 2.1 ‰. In the southern region, there was similarity between the diets of G. bolini and L. guentheri, and the isotopic niche overlap was also considerable (up to 92.9 %). When comparing the northern and southern regions, there were dietary differences for L. guentheri, as well as significant differences in δ13C and δ15N values (p = 0.002). G. bolini and L. guentheri exhibited a generalist zooplanktivorous feeding behaviour. In addition, region seems to be a determining factor in the trophic ecology of Myctophidae. We hypothesized that the region influence is mainly due to the distinct oceanographic processes that affect primary productivity and the base of the trophic chain.
{"title":"Trophic ecology analysis of two lanternfish species (Gymnoscopelus bolini and Lepidophanes guentheri) suggests spatial niche segregation in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean","authors":"Laura Alma Costa, Juliano Lauser Coletto, José Henrique Muelbert","doi":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seares.2025.102614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Myctophids play a vital role in pelagic food webs by connecting basal trophic levels to higher-order consumers. Despite their ecological importance and high abundance, the feeding habits of these fishes have not yet been fully investigated in the Southwest Subtropical Atlantic. We examined spatial variations in the trophic ecology of two lanternfish (Myctophidae: Myctophiformes) species (<em>Gymnoscopelus bolini</em> and <em>Lepidophanes guentheri</em>). The analyses were based on two different regions of the southwest subtropical Atlantic influenced by distinct oceanographic regimes: (a) the north (20–28°S) and (b) south (28–34°S). Stomach content analysis (SCA) revealed that <em>G. bolini</em> preyed mainly on Euphausia spp. and Copepoda (%FO: 18.2), and <em>L. guentheri</em> preyed mainly on Euphausia spp. (%FO: 10.3) and Chaetognatha (%FO: 3.4). Stable isotope analysis (SIA) revealed that L. <em>guentheri</em> had different mean carbon (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and nitrogen (δ<sup>15</sup>N) values (± SD) between the north (δ<sup>13</sup>C: −19.9 ± 0.3 ‰; δ<sup>15</sup>N: 6.2 ± 0.9 ‰) and south (δ<sup>13</sup>C: −20.5 ± 0.7 ‰; δ<sup>15</sup>N: 8.5 ± 2.3 ‰) regions, while <em>G. bolini</em> (south only) had average values of δ<sup>13</sup>C: −20.4 ± 0.6 ‰, δ<sup>15</sup>N: 9.6 ± 2.1 ‰. In the southern region, there was similarity between the diets of <em>G. bolini</em> and L. <em>guentheri</em>, and the isotopic niche overlap was also considerable (up to 92.9 %). When comparing the northern and southern regions, there were dietary differences for L. <em>guentheri</em>, as well as significant differences in δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N values (<em>p</em> = 0.002). <em>G. bolini</em> and L. <em>guentheri</em> exhibited a generalist zooplanktivorous feeding behaviour. In addition, region seems to be a determining factor in the trophic ecology of Myctophidae. We hypothesized that the region influence is mainly due to the distinct oceanographic processes that affect primary productivity and the base of the trophic chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50056,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sea Research","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 102614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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