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Nepal-India Political Relations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Historical Dynamics, Contemporary Challenges, and Future Prospects 尼泊尔-印度政治关系:历史动力、当代挑战和未来前景的全面分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67833
N. S. Mahar
This research provides a comprehensive analysis of the historical dynamics, contemporary challenges, and future prospects in Nepal-India political relations. The diplomatic ties between the two nations, rooted in shared history, cultural affinities, and geographical proximity, have witnessed both cooperation and discord over the centuries. While historical documents highlight periods of mutual respect, the study delves into the complexities of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1950, solidifying diplomatic bonds. However, recent years have seen a shift in this narrative, marked by territorial disputes, economic imbalances, and evolving geopolitical dynamics. Contemporary challenges include territorial disputes leading to diplomatic intricacies and economic imbalances raising questions about the equitable nature of the bilateral relationship. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining historical analysis, policy examination, and stakeholder perspectives to offer timely and relevant insights. Key informant interviews with political leaders, diplomats, and professionals provide a diverse understanding of the multifaceted issues at hand. The study identifies territorial disputes and unequal diplomatic treaties as major challenges, contributing to tensions in Nepal-India relations. It emphasizes the need for a peaceful discourse to resolve border encroachments and calls for a revision of existing treaties in light of changing regional and international circumstances. Additionally, socio cultural affinities between the two nations are explored, with strategies proposed for bridging gaps and fostering a sense of shared identity. The research concludes with strategies for future cooperation, advocating for a balanced diplomatic relationship that considers the changing global landscape. The equidistance principle is discussed, urging both nations to adapt their mindsets and refrain from micromanaging each other's domestic politics. The study underscores the importance of recognizing the historical ties between Nepal and India, emphasizing the potential for multifaceted alliances in the future.
本研究全面分析了尼泊尔-印度政治关系的历史动态、当代挑战和未来前景。两国之间的外交关系植根于共同的历史、亲近的文化和毗邻的地理位置,几个世纪以来既有合作也有不和。历史文献强调了相互尊重的时期,本研究则深入探讨了 1950 年《和平友好条约》的复杂性,该条约巩固了外交纽带。然而,近些年来,领土争端、经济失衡和不断变化的地缘政治动态使这一叙述发生了变化。当代面临的挑战包括领土争端导致外交关系错综复杂,经济失衡引发对双边关系公平性的质疑。本研究采用混合方法,将历史分析、政策审查和利益相关者的观点结合起来,以提供及时和相关的见解。对政治领导人、外交官和专业人士进行的关键信息访谈提供了对当前多方面问题的不同理解。研究指出,领土争端和不平等的外交条约是造成尼印关系紧张的主要挑战。研究强调有必要通过和平对话解决边界侵占问题,并呼吁根据不断变化的地区和国际形势修订现有条约。此外,研究还探讨了两国之间的社会文化亲缘关系,并提出了缩小差距和培养共同认同感的战略。研究最后提出了未来合作的战略,主张建立一种考虑到不断变化的全球格局的平衡外交关系。研究讨论了等距离原则,敦促两国调整心态,避免微观管理对方的国内政治。研究强调了承认尼泊尔和印度之间历史联系的重要性,强调了未来多方面联盟的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating Structural, Mechanical, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Spin-Gapless Quaternary Heusler Alloy Crmnval 研究无自旋间隙四元 Heusler 合金 Crmnval 的结构、机械、电子和磁性能
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67834
R. B. Ray, R. Rai, G. C. Kaphle
Utilizing density functional theory (DFT), the study thoroughly investigates the equiatomic quaternary Heusler compound CrMnVAl, revealing its promising properties across multiple domains. The energy minimization curve shows its structural stability with lattice parameter 5.91Å in ferromagnetic phase. The negative values of formation and cohesive energy indicate its chemical stability, while electronic structure analysis demonstrates spin gapless semiconducting behavior. The total spin magnetic moment of this compound is almost 3.00 μB obeying the Slater-Pauling 18 electron rule (Mt = Zt – 18). The 100% spin polarisation and the Curie temperature higher than ambient temperature indicate that this compound acts as a promising material for spin dependent applications. Furthermore, exploring its mechanical properties complements these findings, offering insights into its structural integrity and suitability for diverse applications. Overall, the study underscores CrMnVAl's potential as a versatile material for spintronics and beyond.
本研究利用密度泛函理论(DFT)对等原子四价 Heusler 化合物 CrMnVAl 进行了深入研究,揭示了其在多个领域的良好特性。能量最小化曲线显示了它在铁磁相中晶格参数为 5.91Å 时的结构稳定性。形成能和内聚能的负值表明了其化学稳定性,而电子结构分析则证明了其自旋无间隙半导体行为。该化合物的总自旋磁矩接近 3.00 μB,符合斯莱特-保龄 18 电子规则(Mt = Zt - 18)。100% 的自旋极化和高于环境温度的居里温度表明,这种化合物是一种很有前途的自旋相关应用材料。此外,对其机械性能的探索补充了这些发现,使人们对其结构的完整性和在各种应用中的适用性有了更深入的了解。总之,这项研究强调了 CrMnVAl 作为自旋电子学及其他领域多功能材料的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
पाठको संयुक्तिगत अर्थ विश्लेषणको सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप {A theoretical framework for conjunctive meaning analysis of text} पाठको संयुक्तिगत अर्थ विश्लेषणको सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप {文本连接意义分析的理论框架}。
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67772
दीपकप्रसाद Dipakprasad ढकाल Dhakal
प्रस्तुत लेख भाषिक पाठको संयुक्ति व्यवस्था तथा पाठले ग्रहण गरेको विधा स्वरूप पहिचानको अधारमा केन्द्रित छ । भाषिक पाठ समाज सन्दर्भको आर्थी प्रतिबिम्बन हो । त्यसैले पाठमा आर्थको समन्वय हुनु अनिवार्य पक्ष हो । प्रस्तुत लेखको शीर्षक सोद्देश्य रूपले तयार गरिएको हो । लेख तयारीका क्रममा पुस्तकालय कार्य सामाग्रीको स्रोत हो । पाठभाषाविज्ञानमा भएका सैद्धान्तिक सामग्री यस लेखका प्राथमिक सामग्री हुन् । पाठको संरचना तथा त्यसका आन्तरिक व्यवस्थामा केन्द्रित भएर गरिएका अध्ययन यस लेखका निम्ति द्वितीयक सामाग्री हुन् । गुणात्मक अध्ययन पद्धतिमा आधारित भई प्रस्तुत लेख तयार गरिएको छ । कुनै पनि भाषिक पाठ सांस्कृतिक सन्दर्भको प्रतिबिम्बन हो । यस्तो प्रतिबिम्बन तयार गर्दा सङ्केतको सघनता अर्थात् ती सङ्केतले सन्दर्भित गरेको स्थितिगत मानको एकरूपतामा केन्द्रित हुनु पर्छ । त्यसैगरी सङ्केतको सघनताले प्रस्तुत गरेका समाज सन्दर्भका सूचक (क्षेत्र, सहभागी र माध्यम) का पारस्परिक आर्थी सहगुणको मेल हुनु पर्छ । कुनै पाठले विधा स्वरूप ग्रहण गर्न क्षेत्र, सहभागी र माध्यमका बिचको श्रेणीमानले एकाइगत वा समष्टिगत रूपमा भूमिका खेलेको हुन्छ । साहित्यका स्थापित विधा पनि समाज सन्दर्भका यिनै सूचकको सघन र पारस्परिकतामा आधारित हुन्छ । 
प्रस्तुतलेख भाषिक पाठको संयुक्ति व्यवस्था तथ ा पाठले ग्रहण गरेको विधास्वरू पहिचानको अधारमाकेन्द्रितछ । भाषिक पाठ समाज सन्दर्भको आर्थी प्रतिबिम्बन हो । त्यसैले पाठमा आर्थको समन्वय हुनु अनिवार्य पक्द होपPo_964↩ प्रस्तुतलेखको शीर्षकसोद्देश्य रूल तया गर्एको हो । लेख तयारीकाक्रममा पुस्तकालय कार्य सामाग्रीकोस्रोत हो । पाठभाषाविज्ञानमा भएका सैद्धान्तिकसामग्रीयसलेखका प्राथमिकसामग्री ह↪Lo_Mn_941↩न् । पाठको संरचनाा तथत्यसका आन्तरिक व्यवस्थामा केन्द्रित भएर गरिएका अध्ययन यस लेखका निम्ति द्वितीयक सामाग्री हुन् । गुणात्मकअध्ययन पद्धतिमा आधारित भई प्रस्तुत लेख तयार गरिएको छ ।कुनै पनि भाषिक पाठ सांस्कृतिक न्दर्भको प्रतिबिम्बनहो । यस्तो प्रतिबिम्बन तयार गर्द ासङ्केतको सघनता अर्थात् ती सङ्केतले सन्दर्भित गरेको स्थितिगत मानकोएकरूपतामाकेन्द्रित हुनु पर्छ । त्यसैगरी सङ्केतको सघनताले प्रस्तुत गरेकासमाज सन्दर्भका सूचक (क्षेत्र、सहभागी र माध्यम) का पारस्परिक आर्थी सहगुणको मेल हुनु पर्छ । कुनै पाठले विधा स्वरूप ग्रहण गर्न क्षेत्र、सहभागी र माध्यमका बिचको श्रेणीमानले एकाइगत वा समष्टिगत रूपमा भूमिका खेलेको हुन्छ । साहित्यका स्थापित विधा पनि समाज सन्दर्भका यिनै सूचकको सघन र पारस्परिकतामा आधारित हुन्छ ।
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引用次数: 0
Off The Margin: Portrayal of Slavery in Guru Prasad Mainali’s Short Fictions 偏离边缘:古鲁-普拉萨德-马伊纳利短篇小说中的奴隶制描写
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67774
K. P. Phuyal
Guru Prasad Mainali’s literary accomplishment Naso [The Ward] portrays the issues of slavery in the late 1920s in Nepal. The collection of eleven stories has two specific stories that deal with the issue of the former slaves: “Papko parinam” [The results of misdeeds] (1927) and “Naso” [The ward] (1935) depict the life of the people who once lived the life as slaves. Mainali draws his characters from Nepali society after Chandra Shumsher abolished slavery in Nepal in 1924. Mainali presents them in the most humane form, struggling to settle themselves into an organized society after their emancipation from the bondage of slavery. “Papko parinam” (1927) builds the world around their quest placing the former slaves at the center stage, while “Naso” (1935) pictures former slave Nauli in a functional role to bring Devi Raman’s first wife Subhadra back to her house from Kathmandu. Both stories leave traces of slavery and the issues surrounding the era of fundamental change in the history of Nepal. Mainali sets the events in the background of the change in the 1920s and unfolds his story of Devi Raman and Shubhadra in "Naso" and Kanta Padhya in "Papko Parinam." This paper rereads Mainali’s two fiction in the historical backdrop to get into the world of slavery as depicted in them and conclude that Nepali fiction has dealt with the issue of slavery in the 1920s.
古鲁-普拉萨德-马伊纳利(Guru Prasad Mainali)的文学成就《病房》(Naso)描绘了 20 世纪 20 年代末尼泊尔的奴隶制问题。这本由 11 个故事组成的小说集中有两个故事是关于前奴隶问题的:"Papko parinam"[恶行的结果](1927 年)和 "Naso"[病房](1935 年)描绘了曾经过着奴隶生活的人们的生活。1924 年钱德拉-舒姆舍在尼泊尔废除奴隶制后,马伊纳利从尼泊尔社会中选取人物。马伊纳利以最人性化的形式展现了他们从奴隶制的束缚中解放出来后,为融入一个有组织的社会而奋斗的故事。"Papko parinam》(1927 年)围绕他们的追求构建了一个世界,将前奴隶置于中心舞台,而《Naso》(1935 年)则描绘了前奴隶纳乌丽扮演的角色,她将德维-拉曼的第一任妻子苏巴德拉从加德满都带回家中。这两个故事都留下了奴隶制的痕迹,以及围绕尼泊尔历史上根本性变革时代的问题。马伊纳利将事件设定在 20 世纪 20 年代的变革背景下,在 "纳索 "中展开了德维-拉曼和舒巴德拉的故事,在 "帕帕科-帕里南 "中展开了坎塔-帕迪亚的故事。本文在历史背景下重读了马伊纳利的两部小说,以了解其中所描绘的奴隶制世界,并得出尼泊尔小说在 20 世纪 20 年代曾涉及奴隶制问题的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Motivating the Decision to Major in Mathematics at the Higher Secondary Level 促使学生决定主修高中数学的因素
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67770
B. B. Badaila, B. P. Dhakal
This study focuses on the “Motivational Factors for Choosing Mathematics as a Major Subject at Higher Secondary Level.” The objectives of this study were to explore the motivational factors of students choosing mathematics as a major subject and to explore the strategies of students majoring mathematics at higher secondary level. It is case study and qualitative in nature. One mathematics teacher and twelve students (six boys and six girls’) were respondents of the study which were selected through purposive sampling. Interview and Classroom observation was used as data collection tools during teaching learning activities. The collected information was analyzed with the help of theoretical and conceptual framework. The finding of the study shows that, the majority of students believe that mathematics is an easy subject from their childhood and that they are all proficient at it, obtaining a decent profession in the future is conceivable. Despite this, it is also seen that, there are not enough math students; this is because society does not place a high importance on math education. The number of mathematics students will raise if we introduce the new trend of thinking among students that mathematics is not a tough subject, it is an interesting one.
本研究的重点是 "高中学生选择数学作为主修科目的动机因素"。本研究的目的是探讨学生选择数学作为主修科目的动机因素,以及探讨高中学生主修数学的策略。本研究为个案研究和定性研究。通过有目的的抽样选取了一名数学教师和十二名学生(六名男生和六名女生)作为研究对象。在教学活动中,采用了访谈和课堂观察作为数据收集工具。在理论和概念框架的帮助下,对收集到的信息进行了分析。研究结果表明,大多数学生认为数学是一门从小就很容易学的学科,而且他们都精通数学,将来从事体面的职业是可以想象的。尽管如此,我们也看到,数学专业的学生人数不足,这是因为社会对数学教育的重视程度不高。如果我们在学生中引入 "数学不是一门难学的学科,而是一门有趣的学科 "的新思维,数学学生的数量就会增加。
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引用次数: 0
वैदिकसादित्ये विश्वशान्तिस्तथा सद्भावः वैदिकसादित्ये विश्वशान्तिस्तथा सद्भावः
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67832
गोविन्द Govinda घिमिरे Ghimire
Available with fulltext
提供全文
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引用次数: 0
Perception towards Digital Mode of Teaching at Higher Education: A Qualitative Research 对高等教育数字化教学模式的看法:定性研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67764
K. Poudel
This article aims to explore the perception towards the digital mode of teaching at higher education for enhancing the quality education needed for 21st century. To achieve this objective, the researcher followed the qualitative research design. Altogether 10 teachers, 5 students and 2 IT experts were chosen as a sample population following the purposive sampling technique. Similarly, FGD, in depth interview and document analysis were main tools for collecting authentic data in the concerned area. Additionally, collected data were edited, transcribed, coded and thematized in a systematic way. Furthermore, the researcher triangulated the date to get meaningful results and conclusions. Finally, this study identified that the digital pedagogy have been creating new opportunities to seek and share information more easily. In the same vein, the government should focus on strengthening the digital pedagogy in all educational institutions. As a result, Digital technologies can support learning by providing necessary information at a convenient place and suitable time. The universal crisis demands the change in education sectors all over the world due to facing the bad situation of Covid pandemic. It caused a rising interest in the use of digital mode of teaching those who are staying in remote area.
本文旨在探讨高校对数字化教学模式的看法,以提高 21 世纪所需的优质教育。为实现这一目标,研究人员采用了定性研究设计。按照目的性抽样技术,共选择了 10 名教师、5 名学生和 2 名信息技术专家作为样本人群。同样,FGD、深度访谈和文件分析是收集相关领域真实数据的主要工具。此外,还对收集到的数据进行了系统的编辑、转录、编码和专题化处理。此外,研究人员还对数据进行了三角测量,以获得有意义的结果和结论。最后,本研究发现,数字教学法为人们更轻松地寻求和分享信息创造了新的机会。同样,政府应重点加强所有教育机构的数字化教学法。因此,数字技术可以在方便的地点和适当的时间提供必要的信息,从而为学习提供支持。由于面临科维德大流行病的恶劣形势,全球危机要求世界各地的教育部门进行变革。这引起了人们对使用数字模式为偏远地区的学生授课的兴趣。
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引用次数: 0
Quality and Creativity of Teachers through Teacher Education 通过师范教育提高教师素质和创造力
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67836
T. N. Adhikari
In order to foster the excellence and originality of teachers, this article attempts to highlight some of the ideas that are essential for teacher education programmes and for instructors themselves. The core skeleton of any nation should be its teachers. Physical strength between vertebrate animals and non-vertebrate animals is well established. In the same manner, a community cannot effectively thrive without teachers of high calibre. Effective community development indicates a country's development in a wealthy manner. Today's instructors must consider their professional growth as part of their teacher education, just as a nation must manage in order to develop. Our early teachers changed basic existence into the state it is in today. Teachers should become very confident in their ability to instruct. The aim of teacher education ought to be to prepare teachers who are capable and innovative in their instruction. The profession of teaching is one that needs to be widely accepted. In the past, a teacher was like a spiritual person, and that quality should still exist now in order to impart knowledge to pupils and prepare them to influence the direction of a nation's development. In such cases, teacher education should be designed to support teachers' professional growth in terms of enhancing their critical thinking abilities. The kids will acquire the right knowledge if the teacher is flawless in every way. Teacher preparation shouldn't be seen as just a means of landing a job; rather, it should be viewed in the context of a teacher's role as a source of truth as well as the philosophy of the cosmos and nature. Only a top-notch instructor can present the information. Professional growth and inventiveness are required qualities for this capacity. The author's experience and document analysis form the foundation of the study's methodology.
为了促进教师的卓越性和独创性,本文试图强调对教师教育计划和教师本身至关重要的一些观点。任何一个国家的核心骨架都应该是教师。脊椎动物和非脊椎动物之间的体力是公认的。同样,一个社区如果没有高素质的教师,就不可能有效地繁荣发展。社区的有效发展预示着一个国家的富裕发展。今天的教师必须将自己的专业成长视为师范教育的一部分,正如一个国家要发展必须管理好自己一样。我们早期的教师改变了基本的生存状态,使之成为今天的样子。教师应该对自己的教学能力充满信心。师范教育的目标应该是培养在教学方面有能力和创新精神的教师。教师这一职业需要被广泛接受。在过去,教师就像一个有灵魂的人,为了向学生传授知识并培养他们影响国家的发展方向,这种品质现在仍然应该存在。在这种情况下,教师教育的设计应支持教师的专业成长,提高他们的批判性思维能力。如果教师在各个方面都无懈可击,孩子们就能获得正确的知识。教师的培养不应仅仅被视为谋得一份工作的手段,而应该从教师作为真理之源以及宇宙和自然哲学的角度来看待。只有一流的教师才能呈现信息。专业成长和创造力是这一能力所需的素质。作者的经验和文献分析是研究方法的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Configuration of Man’s Position within Patriarchal Structure in Nepalese Society 尼泊尔社会中男子在父权制结构中的地位配置
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67768
M. D. Uprety
Patriarchy is a powerful philosophy and structure of male domination and supremacy. It is not new, nor is the recognition of women’s demoralized existence well-established patriarchal system and it embraces that there is an inferior position of women since historical period. Patriarchy is a social system in which men use, abuse, control, oppress and exploit women. The concept of patriarchy highlights the interconnection of different aspects of gender discrimination and women are often underprivileged in many areas of social existence. Theories and philosophies of patriarchy explore the division of interests between most men and women formed by the social system of gender perceptions, practices and relationships. Gender is a relationship of power and inequality and not merely of variation. There are various supplementary expressions that have extremely related meaning to patriarchy. These incorporate gender command, gender arrange, gender display and sex-gender formulation. They are comparable in pointing to the powerful interconnection of various sphere of influence of gender discrimination. Analyses of patriarchy differ as to whether men's position as head of the household and family or society or state entity is recognized as the key to their potentiality to rule and oppress, or whether the institutional features of men's supremacy are pictured and imagined. In this context, this study provides an analysis of the understanding and accepting of man's position within existing patriarchal structure in Nepalese societies inside the background of gender standpoints and different educational status. It also tries to explore the common judgments and ruling ideologies on patriarchy and its practices and social insights of gender relationships.
父权制是一种强大的男性统治和男性至上的哲学和结构。父权制并不是新事物,承认妇女的不道德存在也不是行之有效的父权制,它包含了自历史时期以来妇女所处的低下地位。父权制是男性利用、虐待、控制、压迫和剥削女性的一种社会制度。父权制的概念突出了性别歧视不同方面的相互联系,妇女在社会生存的许多领域往往处于弱势地位。父权制的理论和哲学探讨了由性别观念、习俗和关系的社会体系所形成的大多数男女之间的利益划分。性别是一种权力和不平等的关系,而不仅仅是一种差异。与父权制极为相关的还有各种补充表述。这些表述包括性别命令、性别安排、性别展示和性别表述。它们在指出性别歧视的各个影响领域之间的强大联系方面具有可比性。对父权制的分析存在差异,即男性作为户主、一家之主、社会或国家实体的地位是否被认为是其统治和压迫潜力的关键,或者男性至上的制度特征是否被描绘和想象出来。在这种情况下,本研究分析了在尼泊尔社会中,在性别观点和不同教育地位的背景下,人们对男子在现有父权制结构中的地位的理解和接受程度。本研究还试图探讨对父权制及其做法的共同判断和统治意识形态,以及对两性关系的社会见解。
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引用次数: 0
गोविन्द बहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को नाटयशिल्प गोविन्द बहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को नाटयशिल्प
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3126/pdmdj.v6i1.67835
दुर्गाबहादुर Durgabahadur घर्ती Gharti
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गोविन्दबहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को नाट्यशिल्पको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । ‘गोठाले’ नेपाली नाट्यसाहित्यका नवयुगका निर्माताका रूपमा देखापर्दछन् । उनले बालकृष्ण समले अँगालेको शेक्सपियरको सुखान्त र दुःखान्त नाट्यलेखन र गोपालप्रसाद रिमालको इब्सनेली परम्पराभन्दा अघि बढेर मनोविश्लेषणात्मक प्रवृत्तिको आरम्भ गरेको देखिन्छ । उनले एकाङ्की, तीन अङ्के नाटक र चार अङ्के नाटकको सिर्जना गरेका छन् । एकाङ्की र तीन अङ्के नाटकको रचना पाश्चात्य नाटकको प्रभावअनुरूप देखिन्छ तर चार अङ्के नाटकको विधान पूर्वीय एवं पाश्चात्य नाट्यपरम्पराभन्दा भिन्न रहेको छ । विषय प्रतिपादनका दृष्टिले उनका नाटक समस्यामूलक छन् । उनका नाटकमा प्रस्तुत समस्या लैङ्गिक, जातीय, आर्थिक र मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रकारका छन् । विशेषगरी उनका नाटकमा नारीसमस्यालाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । त्यो इब्सेनेली नाट्यपद्धति अनुरूप छ । इब्सनेली नाट्यप्रवृत्तिलाई मनोविश्लेषणका साथ नेपाली नाटकमा प्रवेश गराउनु उनको मुख्य योगदान हो । कसिलो कथानक, संवादमा जोड, गतिशील पात्र, अन्तर्बाह्य परिवेशको उद्घाटन, वैचारिकता र प्रतीकात्मक प्रयोग उनका नाटकका मुख्य नाट्यशिल्प हो । उनको नाट्यशिल्पको अध्ययन पूर्वीय एवं पाश्चात्य नाट्यसिद्धान्तका आधारमा गर्न सकिन्छ । पूर्वीयपाश्चात्य साहित्य प्राचीन कालदेखि नै नाट्य लेखन र नाट्य चिन्तन थालिएको पाइन्छ । पूर्वमा भरतमुनि र पाश्चात्य जगत्मा अरिस्टोटल नाट्यचिन्तनका आदिगुरु हुन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका लागि सामग्री सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयकार्यबाट गरिएको छ र सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गुणात्मक पद्धति र पाठात्मक विश्लेषण विधिमा गरिएको छ । प्रकृतवाद, अतियथार्थवाद र अस्तित्ववादको प्रभाव पनि उनको मनोविश्लेषणात्मक प्रयोगसँग जोडिएर आएको छ र त्यही ने ‘गोठाले’को नाट्यशिल्पको प्राप्ति हो भन्ने यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष छ ।
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गोविन्दबहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ को नाट्यशिल्पको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । ‘गोठाले’ नेपाली नाट्यसाहित्यका नवयुगका निर्माताका रूपमा देखापर्दछन् । उनले बालकृष्णसमले अँगालेको शेक्सपियरको सुखान्त र दुःखान्त नाट्यलेखन र गोपालप्रसाद रिमालको इब्सनेली परम्पराभन्दा अघि बढेर मनोविश्लेषणात्मक प्रवृत्तिको आरम्भ गरेको देखिन्छ । उनले एकाङ्की,तीन अङ्के नाटकर चार अङ्के नाटकको सिर्जना गरेका छन् । एकाङ्की र तीन अङ्के नाटको रचना पाश्चात्य नाटको प्रभावअनरुरूप देखिन्छ तर चार अङ्के नाटको विधानपूर्वीय एवं पाश्चात्य नाट्यपरम्पराभन्दा भिन्न रहेको छ । विषय प्रतिादनका दृष्टिले उनका नाटकसमस्यामूलक छन् । उनका नाटकमा प्रस्तुत समस्या लैङ्गिक 、जातीय、आर्थिक र मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रकारका छन् । विशेषगरी उनका नाटकमा नारीसमस्यालाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । त्यो इब्सेनेली नाट्यपद्धतिअनुरू पछ । इब्सनेली नाट्यप्रवृत्तिलाईन मोविश्लेषणकासाथ नेपाली नाटकमा प्रवेश गराउनु उनको मुख्य योगदान हो । किसलो कथानक 、संवादमा जोड, गतिशील पात्र, अन्तर्बाह्य परिवेशको उद्घाटन、वैचारिकता प्रतीकात्मक प्रयोग उनका नाटकका मुख्य नाट्यशिल्प हो । उनको नाट्यशिल्पको अध्ययन पूर्वीय एव ं पाश्चात्यनाट्यसिद्धान्तका आधारमा गर्न सकिन्छ । पूर्वीयपाश्चात्य साहित्य प्राचीन कालदेखि नै नाट्यलेखन र नाट्य चिन्तन थालिएक07ोपाइन्छ । पूर्वमा भरतमुनि र पाश्चात्य जगत्मा अरिस्टोटल नाट्यचिन्तनका आदिगुरु हुन् । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका लागि सामग्रीससङ्कलन पुस्तकालयकार्यबाट गरिएको छ र सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गुणात्मक पद्धति र पाठात्मक विश्लेषण विधिमा गरिएको छ । प्रकृतवाद、अतियथार्थवाद र अस्तित्ववादको प्रभाव पनि उनको मनोविश्लेषणात्मक प्रयोगसँग जोडिएर आएको छ र्यीने 'गोठाले'को नाट्यशिल्पको प्राप्ति हो भन्नेस य अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष छ ।
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Pragya Darshan प्रज्ञा दर्शन
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