Pub Date : 2018-12-09DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1552358
Bertrand Saulquin, F. Gohin, O. Fanton d'Andon
ABSTRACT The new level-4 daily chlorophyll-a interpolated products described in this paper and freely available in the Copernicus-Marine Environment Service, aim at providing daily continuous fields (cloud-free) of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a surface concentration at two different resolutions: 4*4 km over the world and 1*1 km resolution over Europe. The multi-sensor daily analyses, by filling the cloudy pixels, provide high-frequency retrievals of chlorophyll-a which can contribute to a better monitoring of the phytoplankton biomass. From a methodological point of view our approach is a combination of a water-typed merge of chlorophyll-a estimates and an optimal interpolation based on the kriging method with regional anisotropic covariance models. These analysed products have been designed to meet the expectations of the end users, by considering both the typical lack of observations during cloudy conditions and the historical multiplicity of available algorithms involved by case 1 (oligotrophic) and case 2 (turbid) water classifications. These products gather MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer), SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor), VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) and OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) daily observations from 1997 to the present. A total product uncertainty, i.e. a combination of the interpolation and the product error, is provided for each pixel.
{"title":"Interpolated fields of satellite-derived multi-algorithm chlorophyll-a estimates at global and European scales in the frame of the European Copernicus-Marine Environment Monitoring Service","authors":"Bertrand Saulquin, F. Gohin, O. Fanton d'Andon","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1552358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1552358","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The new level-4 daily chlorophyll-a interpolated products described in this paper and freely available in the Copernicus-Marine Environment Service, aim at providing daily continuous fields (cloud-free) of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a surface concentration at two different resolutions: 4*4 km over the world and 1*1 km resolution over Europe. The multi-sensor daily analyses, by filling the cloudy pixels, provide high-frequency retrievals of chlorophyll-a which can contribute to a better monitoring of the phytoplankton biomass. From a methodological point of view our approach is a combination of a water-typed merge of chlorophyll-a estimates and an optimal interpolation based on the kriging method with regional anisotropic covariance models. These analysed products have been designed to meet the expectations of the end users, by considering both the typical lack of observations during cloudy conditions and the historical multiplicity of available algorithms involved by case 1 (oligotrophic) and case 2 (turbid) water classifications. These products gather MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer), SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor), VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) and OLCI (Ocean and Land Colour Instrument) daily observations from 1997 to the present. A total product uncertainty, i.e. a combination of the interpolation and the product error, is provided for each pixel.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"24 1","pages":"47 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81706610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1547261
H. Rahaman, T. Venugopal, S. Penny, D. Behringer, M. Ravichandran, J. Raju, U. Srinivasu, D. Sengupta
ABSTRACT The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) produce global ocean analyses based on the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS). This system uses a state of the art ocean general circulation model named moduler ocean model (MOM) and the 3D-Variational (3DVar) data assimilation technique. In this study we have evaluated the INCOIS-GODAS operational analysis products with an upgrade of the physical model from MOM4p0d to MOM4p1. Two experiments were performed with same atmospheric forcing fields:(i) using MOM4p0d (GODAS_p0), and (ii) using MOM4p1 (GODAS_p1). Observed temperature and salinity profiles were assimilated in both experiments. Validation with independent observations show improvement of sea surface temperature(SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and surface currents in the new analysis GODAS_p1 as compared to the old analysis GODAS_p0.
{"title":"Improved ocean analysis for the Indian Ocean","authors":"H. Rahaman, T. Venugopal, S. Penny, D. Behringer, M. Ravichandran, J. Raju, U. Srinivasu, D. Sengupta","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1547261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1547261","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) produce global ocean analyses based on the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS). This system uses a state of the art ocean general circulation model named moduler ocean model (MOM) and the 3D-Variational (3DVar) data assimilation technique. In this study we have evaluated the INCOIS-GODAS operational analysis products with an upgrade of the physical model from MOM4p0d to MOM4p1. Two experiments were performed with same atmospheric forcing fields:(i) using MOM4p0d (GODAS_p0), and (ii) using MOM4p1 (GODAS_p1). Observed temperature and salinity profiles were assimilated in both experiments. Validation with independent observations show improvement of sea surface temperature(SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and surface currents in the new analysis GODAS_p1 as compared to the old analysis GODAS_p0.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"52 1","pages":"16 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90338804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-21DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1543982
R. Rayner, C. Gouldman, Z. Willis
ABSTRACT Sustained ocean observations, measurements and models provide a wide range of societal benefits underpinning the safety, operational and compliance needs of beneficiaries that operate around, on and under the ocean (In the context of this paper, the term ‘ocean’ is defined as encompassing the global ocean, enclosed seas and the US Great Lakes.) They also provide an essential input to ocean scientific research and the effective protection of the marine environment. Delivering the means to collect and use ocean data and information on a sustained basis constitutes a significant business undertaking. The companies that enable sustained ocean observation, measurement and forecasting, and deliver its benefits as commercial services, combine to create a unique and growing industry cluster; the Ocean Enterprise. Ocean Enterprise businesses underpin the ability to provide societal benefit from sustained ocean observations, measurements and models, as well as delivering significant economic and employment benefits in their own right. In this paper, we describe a systematic evaluation of the scale, scope and characteristics of the Ocean Enterprise in the United States. We explore the ways in which this industry cluster interacts with the US Integrated Ocean Observing System and how the United States Ocean Enterprise compares to that of the United Kingdom.
{"title":"The Ocean Enterprise – understanding and quantifying business activity in support of observing, measuring and forecasting the ocean","authors":"R. Rayner, C. Gouldman, Z. Willis","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1543982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1543982","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustained ocean observations, measurements and models provide a wide range of societal benefits underpinning the safety, operational and compliance needs of beneficiaries that operate around, on and under the ocean (In the context of this paper, the term ‘ocean’ is defined as encompassing the global ocean, enclosed seas and the US Great Lakes.) They also provide an essential input to ocean scientific research and the effective protection of the marine environment. Delivering the means to collect and use ocean data and information on a sustained basis constitutes a significant business undertaking. The companies that enable sustained ocean observation, measurement and forecasting, and deliver its benefits as commercial services, combine to create a unique and growing industry cluster; the Ocean Enterprise. Ocean Enterprise businesses underpin the ability to provide societal benefit from sustained ocean observations, measurements and models, as well as delivering significant economic and employment benefits in their own right. In this paper, we describe a systematic evaluation of the scale, scope and characteristics of the Ocean Enterprise in the United States. We explore the ways in which this industry cluster interacts with the US Integrated Ocean Observing System and how the United States Ocean Enterprise compares to that of the United Kingdom.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"12 1","pages":"S110 - S97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89324385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-17DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1545558
R. Edwing
ABSTRACT The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS®) is an integrated system of sensors concentrated in seaports that provide accurate and reliable real-time information about environmental conditions. PORTS measures and disseminates observations for water levels, currents, waves, bridge air gap, water temperature, salinity, and meteorological parameters. PORTS was developed and implemented in the early 1990s in response to an accident in Tampa Bay where a vessel struck the Sunshine Skyway Bridge resulting in a substantial loss of life and property. The programme was established as a public-private partnership where the local community funds the establishment and maintenance of the local observing system, and NOAA provides the programme and data management. Today, PORTS has grown to over 30 locations around the country and services over 80% of the tonnage and over 90% of the value of cargo transiting U.S. seaports. A number of economic benefit studies have shown PORTS can reduce accidents by over 50% and significantly increase efficiency. This article examines the evolution of the programme in terms of addressing emerging observational needs, infusing new technology, enhancing products, conducting economic benefit studies, adapting business models, and serving other societal needs.
{"title":"NOAA’s Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS®)","authors":"R. Edwing","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1545558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1545558","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS®) is an integrated system of sensors concentrated in seaports that provide accurate and reliable real-time information about environmental conditions. PORTS measures and disseminates observations for water levels, currents, waves, bridge air gap, water temperature, salinity, and meteorological parameters. PORTS was developed and implemented in the early 1990s in response to an accident in Tampa Bay where a vessel struck the Sunshine Skyway Bridge resulting in a substantial loss of life and property. The programme was established as a public-private partnership where the local community funds the establishment and maintenance of the local observing system, and NOAA provides the programme and data management. Today, PORTS has grown to over 30 locations around the country and services over 80% of the tonnage and over 90% of the value of cargo transiting U.S. seaports. A number of economic benefit studies have shown PORTS can reduce accidents by over 50% and significantly increase efficiency. This article examines the evolution of the programme in terms of addressing emerging observational needs, infusing new technology, enhancing products, conducting economic benefit studies, adapting business models, and serving other societal needs.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"86 1","pages":"S176 - S186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81316060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-15DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1541538
Yung-Ting Shen, Jian-Wu Lai, L. Leu, Yi-Chieh Lu, Jau‐Ming Chen, Huan‐Jie Shao, Hsien-Wen Chen, Kuo-Tung Chang, C. Terng, Yu-Chia Chang, R. Tseng
ABSTRACT To enhance the immediacy and accuracy of search and rescue missions conducted by Taiwan Coast Guard Administration (TCGA), this study examines the characteristics of ocean currents and estimates the drifting trajectory of objects for two cases of marine incidents. Two methods are used to predict object’s drift tracks: the first one is simply calculating the advection driven by currents and the second method adopts a Monte Carlo based software, SARMAP. Ocean currents data from a high-frequency radar system comprised of 18 radar units surrounding Taiwan supplemented by bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) data and wind data are used as the primary oceanic environment data. The estimated ending points of drifting for both cases of missing persons in water by using both methods are consistent with the actual recovery locations. Our analyses demonstrate that ocean currents data, if properly used, can be very useful for rapid response in marine search and rescue.
{"title":"Applications of ocean currents data from high-frequency radars and current profilers to search and rescue missions around Taiwan","authors":"Yung-Ting Shen, Jian-Wu Lai, L. Leu, Yi-Chieh Lu, Jau‐Ming Chen, Huan‐Jie Shao, Hsien-Wen Chen, Kuo-Tung Chang, C. Terng, Yu-Chia Chang, R. Tseng","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1541538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1541538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To enhance the immediacy and accuracy of search and rescue missions conducted by Taiwan Coast Guard Administration (TCGA), this study examines the characteristics of ocean currents and estimates the drifting trajectory of objects for two cases of marine incidents. Two methods are used to predict object’s drift tracks: the first one is simply calculating the advection driven by currents and the second method adopts a Monte Carlo based software, SARMAP. Ocean currents data from a high-frequency radar system comprised of 18 radar units surrounding Taiwan supplemented by bottom-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) data and wind data are used as the primary oceanic environment data. The estimated ending points of drifting for both cases of missing persons in water by using both methods are consistent with the actual recovery locations. Our analyses demonstrate that ocean currents data, if properly used, can be very useful for rapid response in marine search and rescue.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"76 1","pages":"S126 - S136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86841433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-14DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1544783
S. Siiriä, Petra Roiha, L. Tuomi, T. Purokoski, Noora Haavisto, P. Alenius
ABSTRACT Argo floats have been successfully used for more than 10 years in the world's ocean. The Finnish Meteorological Institute began to develop practices to use Argo floats in the shallow brackish water Baltic Sea in 2011. Since 2012, Argo floats have been in continuous use in the Baltic Sea and are now a part of the Euro–Argo European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). The floats are kept in the different basins of the Baltic Sea, usually for a year and then recovered and replaced with a new float. The observation cycle is usually a week in monitoring mode, but we have also used shorter intervals up to one day. With proper piloting practices, Argo floats are of great value in monitoring and for research of shallow marginal seas, as they give regular and frequent data around the year, regardless of weather conditions. Operating the floats has matured to a level where we can state that Argo monitoring of the Baltic Sea is an operative reality.
{"title":"Applying area-locked, shallow water Argo floats in Baltic Sea monitoring","authors":"S. Siiriä, Petra Roiha, L. Tuomi, T. Purokoski, Noora Haavisto, P. Alenius","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1544783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1544783","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Argo floats have been successfully used for more than 10 years in the world's ocean. The Finnish Meteorological Institute began to develop practices to use Argo floats in the shallow brackish water Baltic Sea in 2011. Since 2012, Argo floats have been in continuous use in the Baltic Sea and are now a part of the Euro–Argo European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). The floats are kept in the different basins of the Baltic Sea, usually for a year and then recovered and replaced with a new float. The observation cycle is usually a week in monitoring mode, but we have also used shorter intervals up to one day. With proper piloting practices, Argo floats are of great value in monitoring and for research of shallow marginal seas, as they give regular and frequent data around the year, regardless of weather conditions. Operating the floats has matured to a level where we can state that Argo monitoring of the Baltic Sea is an operative reality.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"25 1","pages":"58 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82053858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-29DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1533723
J. Sanchez-Cabeza, L. F. Álvarez Sánchez, J. Cardoso-Mohedano, Edgar Escalante Mancera, M. Díaz-Asencio, Hugo López-Rosas, M. Machain-Castillo, M. Merino-Ibarra, A. Ruiz-Fernández, R. Alonso-Rodríguez, M. Gómez-Ponce, Enrique Ávila, Serguei Rico-Esenaro, Miguel Ángel Gómez-Reali, Carlos Alberto Herrera-Becerril, M. Grutter
ABSTRACT The identification and quantification of global change, including climate change, requires long time series of key variables. In this work, the fundamentals and operation of low-cost long-term coastal observatories are described, and preliminary data are shown. The vision is to offer a scientific platform of physicochemical data for at least the next 100 years, what requires establishing sustainable strategies, training human resources, strong institutional support, and long-term funding sources. The network formally operates since 2013 and has generated more than 6 million data points, continuously growing, of which >1.5 million data points are permanently stored and available through a public access web platform. The strategies and methodologies are described and, in the Mazatlan observatory, data recovery and basic statistics of eight environmental variables are presented. During 2015, an extreme El Niño year, marine temperatures increased from the bay to the middle Urias coastal lagoon, were higher than atmospheric temperatures, and showed the impact of a thermal power plant. In surface waters of Mazatlan bay, hypoxic periods were also observed. It is expected that results will foster the development of other projects, and will be useful to the scientific community and decision makers, for a better management of coastal ecosystems worldwide.
{"title":"A low-cost long-term model of coastal observatories of global change","authors":"J. Sanchez-Cabeza, L. F. Álvarez Sánchez, J. Cardoso-Mohedano, Edgar Escalante Mancera, M. Díaz-Asencio, Hugo López-Rosas, M. Machain-Castillo, M. Merino-Ibarra, A. Ruiz-Fernández, R. Alonso-Rodríguez, M. Gómez-Ponce, Enrique Ávila, Serguei Rico-Esenaro, Miguel Ángel Gómez-Reali, Carlos Alberto Herrera-Becerril, M. Grutter","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1533723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1533723","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The identification and quantification of global change, including climate change, requires long time series of key variables. In this work, the fundamentals and operation of low-cost long-term coastal observatories are described, and preliminary data are shown. The vision is to offer a scientific platform of physicochemical data for at least the next 100 years, what requires establishing sustainable strategies, training human resources, strong institutional support, and long-term funding sources. The network formally operates since 2013 and has generated more than 6 million data points, continuously growing, of which >1.5 million data points are permanently stored and available through a public access web platform. The strategies and methodologies are described and, in the Mazatlan observatory, data recovery and basic statistics of eight environmental variables are presented. During 2015, an extreme El Niño year, marine temperatures increased from the bay to the middle Urias coastal lagoon, were higher than atmospheric temperatures, and showed the impact of a thermal power plant. In surface waters of Mazatlan bay, hypoxic periods were also observed. It is expected that results will foster the development of other projects, and will be useful to the scientific community and decision makers, for a better management of coastal ecosystems worldwide.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"14 1","pages":"34 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78995728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-17DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714
R. Sayre, S. Noble, S. Hamann, Rebecca A. Smith, D. Wright, Sean Breyer, K. Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Dabney Hopkins, Drew Stephens, K. Kelly, Zeenatul Basher, D. Burton, J. Cress, Karina Atkins, D. V. Sistine, B. Friesen, R. Allee, T. Allen, P. Aniello, Irawan Asaad, Mark John Costello, K. Goodin, P. Harris, M. Kavanaugh, H. Lillis, E. Manca, F. Muller‐Karger, B. Nyberg, R. Parsons, Justin A. Saarinen, J. Steiner, Adam J. Reed
ABSTRACT A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, resulting in a new characterisation of the number and size of global islands. Three size classes of islands were mapped: continental mainlands (5), islands greater than 1 km2 (21,818), and islands smaller than 1 km2 (318,868). The GSV represents the shore zone land and water interface boundary, and is a spatially explicit ecological domain separator between terrestrial and marine environments. The development and characteristics of the GSV are presented herein. An approach is also proposed for delineating standardised, high spatial resolution global ecological coastal units (ECUs). For this coastal ecosystem mapping effort, the GSV will be used to separate the nearshore coastal waters from the onshore coastal lands. The work to produce the GSV and the ECUs is commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and is associated with several GEO initiatives including GEO Ecosystems, GEO Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and GEO Blue Planet.
{"title":"A new 30 meter resolution global shoreline vector and associated global islands database for the development of standardized ecological coastal units","authors":"R. Sayre, S. Noble, S. Hamann, Rebecca A. Smith, D. Wright, Sean Breyer, K. Butler, Keith Van Graafeiland, Charlie Frye, Deniz Karagulle, Dabney Hopkins, Drew Stephens, K. Kelly, Zeenatul Basher, D. Burton, J. Cress, Karina Atkins, D. V. Sistine, B. Friesen, R. Allee, T. Allen, P. Aniello, Irawan Asaad, Mark John Costello, K. Goodin, P. Harris, M. Kavanaugh, H. Lillis, E. Manca, F. Muller‐Karger, B. Nyberg, R. Parsons, Justin A. Saarinen, J. Steiner, Adam J. Reed","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1529714","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A new 30-m spatial resolution global shoreline vector (GSV) was developed from annual composites of 2014 Landsat satellite imagery. The semi-automated classification of the imagery was accomplished by manual selection of training points representing water and non-water classes along the entire global coastline. Polygon topology was applied to the GSV, resulting in a new characterisation of the number and size of global islands. Three size classes of islands were mapped: continental mainlands (5), islands greater than 1 km2 (21,818), and islands smaller than 1 km2 (318,868). The GSV represents the shore zone land and water interface boundary, and is a spatially explicit ecological domain separator between terrestrial and marine environments. The development and characteristics of the GSV are presented herein. An approach is also proposed for delineating standardised, high spatial resolution global ecological coastal units (ECUs). For this coastal ecosystem mapping effort, the GSV will be used to separate the nearshore coastal waters from the onshore coastal lands. The work to produce the GSV and the ECUs is commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), and is associated with several GEO initiatives including GEO Ecosystems, GEO Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON) and GEO Blue Planet.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"63 1","pages":"S47 - S56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76110682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1527883
M. A. Sarker
ABSTRACT Tsunamis cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, ecosystems and marine structures and facilities. Tsunami modelling results are used for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. The results are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate the potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) has set up a regional tidal hydrodynamic model covering the Northern Arabian Sea to provide data to address the above issues. The 1945 earthquake in the Makran Subduction Zone generated a tsunami along the coastlines of Iran and Pakistan killing as many as 4,000 people. Furthermore, the tsunami caused catastrophic damage to properties and other coastal facilities. The tsunami modelling in the present study was carried out for this 1945 event. The MIKE21 Flow Model FM of DHI was used to simulate this tsunami event and sample results from the modelling are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. Structural design considerations and tsunami risk reduction measures are also discussed. The model could be used to simulate any tsunami generated within the Arabian Sea. The methodology described in this paper for modelling the 1945 tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone could also be applied to simulate this type of events at other sites around the world.
{"title":"Numerical modelling of tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone – A case study on the 1945 event","authors":"M. A. Sarker","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1527883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1527883","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tsunamis cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, ecosystems and marine structures and facilities. Tsunami modelling results are used for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. The results are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate the potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (RHDHV) has set up a regional tidal hydrodynamic model covering the Northern Arabian Sea to provide data to address the above issues. The 1945 earthquake in the Makran Subduction Zone generated a tsunami along the coastlines of Iran and Pakistan killing as many as 4,000 people. Furthermore, the tsunami caused catastrophic damage to properties and other coastal facilities. The tsunami modelling in the present study was carried out for this 1945 event. The MIKE21 Flow Model FM of DHI was used to simulate this tsunami event and sample results from the modelling are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. Structural design considerations and tsunami risk reduction measures are also discussed. The model could be used to simulate any tsunami generated within the Arabian Sea. The methodology described in this paper for modelling the 1945 tsunami in the Makran Subduction Zone could also be applied to simulate this type of events at other sites around the world.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"110 1","pages":"S212 - S229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80548823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-27DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1526463
P. Miloslavich, S. Seeyave, F. Muller‐Karger, N. Bax, E. Ali, C. Delgado, Hayley Evers-King, B. Loveday, V. Lutz, J. Newton, G. Nolan, A. C. Peralta Brichtova, Christine Traeger-Chatterjee, E. Urban
ABSTRACT Sustained global ocean observations are needed to recognise, understand, and manage changes in marine biodiversity, resources and habitats, and to implement wise conservation and sustainable development strategies. To meet this need, the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), a network of observing systems distributed around the world and coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) has proposed Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) that are relevant to both the scientific and the broader community, including resource managers. Building a network that is truly global requires expanding participation beyond scientists from well-resourced countries to a far broader representation of the global community. New approaches are required to provide appropriate training, and resources and technology should follow to enable the application of this training to engage meaningfully in global observing networks and in the use of the data. Investments in technical capacity fulfil international reporting obligations under the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14A. Important opportunities are emerging now for countries to develop research partnerships with the IOC and GOOS to address these obligations. Implementing these partnerships requires new funding models and initiatives that support a sustained research capacity and marine technology transfer.
{"title":"Challenges for global ocean observation: the need for increased human capacity","authors":"P. Miloslavich, S. Seeyave, F. Muller‐Karger, N. Bax, E. Ali, C. Delgado, Hayley Evers-King, B. Loveday, V. Lutz, J. Newton, G. Nolan, A. C. Peralta Brichtova, Christine Traeger-Chatterjee, E. Urban","doi":"10.1080/1755876X.2018.1526463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1526463","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustained global ocean observations are needed to recognise, understand, and manage changes in marine biodiversity, resources and habitats, and to implement wise conservation and sustainable development strategies. To meet this need, the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), a network of observing systems distributed around the world and coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) has proposed Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) that are relevant to both the scientific and the broader community, including resource managers. Building a network that is truly global requires expanding participation beyond scientists from well-resourced countries to a far broader representation of the global community. New approaches are required to provide appropriate training, and resources and technology should follow to enable the application of this training to engage meaningfully in global observing networks and in the use of the data. Investments in technical capacity fulfil international reporting obligations under the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14A. Important opportunities are emerging now for countries to develop research partnerships with the IOC and GOOS to address these obligations. Implementing these partnerships requires new funding models and initiatives that support a sustained research capacity and marine technology transfer.","PeriodicalId":50105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Operational Oceanography","volume":"115 1","pages":"S137 - S156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79348533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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