Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80
PhD Claire André, PhD Elizabeth Kuhn, PhD Stéphane Rehel, PhD Valentin Ourry, Solène Demeilliez-Servouin MSc, MSc Cassandre Palix, MSc Francesca Felisatti, MSc Pierre Champetier, MD Sophie Dautricourt, PhD Paul Yushkevich, Denis, V. De, MD La Sayette, PhD Gaël Chételat, PhD Robin de Flores, G. Rauchs, MD Andrea Schneider
Background and objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been related to amyloid deposition and increased dementia risk. However, how SDB relates to medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration and subsequent episodic memory impairment is unclear. Our objective was to investigate the impact of amyloid positivity on the associations between SDB severity, medial temporal lobe subregions and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults.
{"title":"Neurology","authors":"PhD Claire André, PhD Elizabeth Kuhn, PhD Stéphane Rehel, PhD Valentin Ourry, Solène Demeilliez-Servouin MSc, MSc Cassandre Palix, MSc Francesca Felisatti, MSc Pierre Champetier, MD Sophie Dautricourt, PhD Paul Yushkevich, Denis, V. De, MD La Sayette, PhD Gaël Chételat, PhD Robin de Flores, G. Rauchs, MD Andrea Schneider","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been related to amyloid deposition and increased dementia risk. However, how SDB relates to medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration and subsequent episodic memory impairment is unclear. Our objective was to investigate the impact of amyloid positivity on the associations between SDB severity, medial temporal lobe subregions and episodic memory performance in cognitively unimpaired older adults.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"80 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.80","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.77
{"title":"Avitaminosis and the Nervous System","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"77 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.77","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.92
iReviews anb lRotices
No one is better qualified than Dr. Norwood East to discuss with sympathy and sense a variety of problems bearing on the treatment of legal offenders and the relation of their misdemeanour or crime to their particular personalities. Constantly occupied with a special branch of his profession, he feels that a time has come when accumulated facts and impressions gleaned by him over a long period of years may usefully be shared with others, the outcome being this very readable and often deeply engrossing book. Its constituent chapters are mostly reproduced and amplified from individual communications, lectures, and addresses delivered at one time or another before varying audiences. About one quarter of the work is devoted to questions of prison administration; elsewhere 1,000 cases of attempted suicide are analysed; inter alia, the bearing of mental deficiency, drug addiction, and other abnormal mental states on crime is discussed dispassionately and ably. One of the most interesting chapters deals with murder from the point of view of the psychiatrist. Analysing 235 cases of murder, Dr. Norwood East found that only 35 of the murderers were insane or mentally defective, i.e. about one-seventh; and he quietly explodes a number of popular fallacies, such as that if a homicide confesses, or surrenders himself to the police, he is ipso facto insane, or that multiplicity of wounds has the same significance. He is no friend of the view that no murderer can be considered normal, that all such crime indicates insane impulse, that he who commits it needs treatment and not adjudication. Brushing away psychological speculations sometimes introduced to exculpate the accused, he concludes in words worth citing: 'the very existence of civilized society is endangered if crime is uncontrolled, and although the law in this country in regard to criminal responsibility is illogical, justice is done, and the manner in which it is done compels the admiration of the world.'
{"title":"Reviews and Notices of Books","authors":"iReviews anb lRotices","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.92","url":null,"abstract":"No one is better qualified than Dr. Norwood East to discuss with sympathy and sense a variety of problems bearing on the treatment of legal offenders and the relation of their misdemeanour or crime to their particular personalities. Constantly occupied with a special branch of his profession, he feels that a time has come when accumulated facts and impressions gleaned by him over a long period of years may usefully be shared with others, the outcome being this very readable and often deeply engrossing book. Its constituent chapters are mostly reproduced and amplified from individual communications, lectures, and addresses delivered at one time or another before varying audiences. About one quarter of the work is devoted to questions of prison administration; elsewhere 1,000 cases of attempted suicide are analysed; inter alia, the bearing of mental deficiency, drug addiction, and other abnormal mental states on crime is discussed dispassionately and ably. One of the most interesting chapters deals with murder from the point of view of the psychiatrist. Analysing 235 cases of murder, Dr. Norwood East found that only 35 of the murderers were insane or mentally defective, i.e. about one-seventh; and he quietly explodes a number of popular fallacies, such as that if a homicide confesses, or surrenders himself to the police, he is ipso facto insane, or that multiplicity of wounds has the same significance. He is no friend of the view that no murderer can be considered normal, that all such crime indicates insane impulse, that he who commits it needs treatment and not adjudication. Brushing away psychological speculations sometimes introduced to exculpate the accused, he concludes in words worth citing: 'the very existence of civilized society is endangered if crime is uncontrolled, and although the law in this country in regard to criminal responsibility is illogical, justice is done, and the manner in which it is done compels the admiration of the world.'","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"92 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.92","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.83
[7] Summary of the Report of the American Neurological Association Committee for the investigation of sterilization.-ABRAHAM MYERSON. Amer. Jour. Psychiat., 1935, 92, 615. KNOWLEDGE of human genetics has not the precision or amplitude which would warrant the sterilization of people who themselves are normal in order to prevent the appearance, in their descendants, of manic-depressive psychosis, dementia precox, feeblemindedness, epilepsy, criminal conduct. An exception may exist in the case of normal parents of one or more children suffering from certain familial diseases, such as Tay-Sachs amaurotic idiocy. There is at present no sound scientific basis for sterilization on account of immorality or character defect. Until and unless heredity can be shown to have an overwhelming importance in the causation of dangerous antisocial behaviour, sterilization merely on the basis of conduct must continue to be regarded as a 'cruel and unusual punishment.' Nothing in the acceptance of heredity as a factor in the genesis of any condition considered by this Report excludes the environmental agencies of life as equally potent and, in many instances, as even more effective. Sterilization can only be recommended in selected cases of certain diseases and with the consent of the patient or those responsible for him. It may be considered in Huntington's chorea, feeblemindedness of familial type, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and epilepsy. It is to be stressed that no great or radical change in the complexion of society can thus be expected. C. S. R.
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Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.85
suicidal impulses. There is also a similarity between the fatal accidents and those in which only a part of the body is destroyed. We may be able to see precisely how the accident serves to punish the individual for guilty acts or wishes. In those cases which are not fatal, however, this punishment serves not only as the price of atonement but as a permission for further indulgences in the same guilty acts or phantasies. The guilty act stimulates the conscience to demand of the ego a price. In some instances this price is a (selfinflicted) death penalty. In other instances, however, it seems to be less severe. One may note the principle of periodic payment for the continued indulgence in forbiddden erotic or aggressive tendencies in many neurotic patients, and melancholia is often forestalled or deferred by various obsessive and compulsive techniques. There are certain individuals who seem to fall victim to successive disasters with an uncanny regularity. C. S. R. [14] Pituitary disturbances in behaviour problems.-MATTHEW MOLITcH and S. POLIAKOFF. Amer. Jour. Orthopsychiat., 1936, 6, 125. NINETY-SEVEN boys with pituitary dysfunction in a State Home were studied and are reported from the standpoint of diagnosis, mental level, school achievement, behaviour, personality, and treatment. Those with such dysfunction were found to be brighter than the control group but the school attendance and achievement were the same in both. They were found, too, to be unstable, immature and suggestible. More personality deviations were found than in the controls. Within the Institution the 'pituitary' boys were found to be above average in school progress but below in conduct and adjustment. The offences causing commitment to the Home consisted essentially of stealing and truancy. Positive correlations were found between height and mental level. Five boys with hypopituitary dysfunction were treated with growth hormone with subsequent increase in height and improvement in secondary sexual development. C. S. R. [15] Mental changes following head trauma in children.-ABRAM BLAIU. Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 1936, 35, 723. THE cases of 22 children showing mental changes following head injury arc reported. The conditions are classified and designated as posttraumafic acute psychosis, chronic behaviour disorder, epilepsy with secondary deterioration, and defect conditions and secondary intellectual deterioration. The acute psychosis was observed in six children. The onset occurred immediately after the patient recovered consciousness and the symptomatology consisted of a demonstration of unrestrained instinctual, emotional and
自杀的冲动。在致命事故和那些只有身体一部分受损的事故之间也有相似之处。我们也许能够准确地看到事故是如何惩罚个人的犯罪行为或愿望的。然而，在那些不是致命的情况下，这种惩罚不仅是赎罪的代价，而且是允许进一步放纵同样的犯罪行为或幻想的许可。有罪的行为刺激良心要求自我付出代价。在某些情况下，这种代价是(自我矛盾的)死刑。然而，在其他情况下，它似乎没有那么严重。人们可能会注意到，在许多神经症患者中，对于被禁止的色情或攻击倾向的持续放纵，定期支付的原则，而忧郁症经常被各种强迫和强迫技术预先阻止或推迟。有些人似乎以一种不可思议的规律成为连续灾难的受害者。C. S. R.[14]行为问题中的垂体紊乱。——马修·莫里奇和s·波利亚克夫。阿米尔。日记账。Orthopsychiat。， 1936, 6, 125。本文从诊断、心理水平、学业成绩、行为、个性和治疗等方面对97例国家儿童之家垂体功能障碍男童进行了研究。有这种功能障碍的人比对照组更聪明，但他们的出勤率和成绩是一样的。他们也被发现不稳定、不成熟、易受影响。与对照组相比，发现了更多的人格偏差。在该机构内，“脑下垂体”男孩在学业进步方面高于平均水平，但在行为和适应方面低于平均水平。造成家庭监禁的罪行主要包括偷窃和逃学。身高与心理水平呈正相关。5名患有垂体功能低下的男孩接受生长激素治疗，随后身高增加，第二性发育改善。儿童头部外伤后的心理变化。亚伯兰BLAIU。拱门。神经。和Psychiat。， 1936, 35, 723。本文报道了22例儿童头部损伤后出现精神变化的病例。这些情况被分类并指定为创伤后急性精神病、慢性行为障碍、继发性恶化的癫痫、缺陷状况和继发性智力退化。6例患儿出现急性精神病。患者在恢复意识后立即发病，症状表现为本能、情绪和情绪失控
{"title":"PSYCHOPATHOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.85","url":null,"abstract":"suicidal impulses. There is also a similarity between the fatal accidents and those in which only a part of the body is destroyed. We may be able to see precisely how the accident serves to punish the individual for guilty acts or wishes. In those cases which are not fatal, however, this punishment serves not only as the price of atonement but as a permission for further indulgences in the same guilty acts or phantasies. The guilty act stimulates the conscience to demand of the ego a price. In some instances this price is a (selfinflicted) death penalty. In other instances, however, it seems to be less severe. One may note the principle of periodic payment for the continued indulgence in forbiddden erotic or aggressive tendencies in many neurotic patients, and melancholia is often forestalled or deferred by various obsessive and compulsive techniques. There are certain individuals who seem to fall victim to successive disasters with an uncanny regularity. C. S. R. [14] Pituitary disturbances in behaviour problems.-MATTHEW MOLITcH and S. POLIAKOFF. Amer. Jour. Orthopsychiat., 1936, 6, 125. NINETY-SEVEN boys with pituitary dysfunction in a State Home were studied and are reported from the standpoint of diagnosis, mental level, school achievement, behaviour, personality, and treatment. Those with such dysfunction were found to be brighter than the control group but the school attendance and achievement were the same in both. They were found, too, to be unstable, immature and suggestible. More personality deviations were found than in the controls. Within the Institution the 'pituitary' boys were found to be above average in school progress but below in conduct and adjustment. The offences causing commitment to the Home consisted essentially of stealing and truancy. Positive correlations were found between height and mental level. Five boys with hypopituitary dysfunction were treated with growth hormone with subsequent increase in height and improvement in secondary sexual development. C. S. R. [15] Mental changes following head trauma in children.-ABRAM BLAIU. Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 1936, 35, 723. THE cases of 22 children showing mental changes following head injury arc reported. The conditions are classified and designated as posttraumafic acute psychosis, chronic behaviour disorder, epilepsy with secondary deterioration, and defect conditions and secondary intellectual deterioration. The acute psychosis was observed in six children. The onset occurred immediately after the patient recovered consciousness and the symptomatology consisted of a demonstration of unrestrained instinctual, emotional and","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"85 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.84
L. E. Taylor
case-histories would not appear to lend support to any dogmatic pronouncement that men of genius are characterized by solitary traits, although it does seem justifiable to conclude that in some (perhaps many) geniuses there is a decided propensity to solitude and seclusion. This, however, does not seem to involve an innate disposition; rather, it would appear that the tendency can be accounted for on the basis of conditioning. Solitude is not the goal of genius but its refuge. Aloofness is frequently the result of a shrinking from the deteriorating standards of society. The genius is not only constantly forced into solitary retreat, but he sometimes seeks seclusion voluntarily and deliberately because as he associates with mankind he senses the advantages to be gained from insulating himself from the masses. In some instances contempt for society among men of geinius may be the result of an attempt to compensate for a feeling of social inferiority. C. S. R.
{"title":"PSYCHOSES","authors":"L. E. Taylor","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.84","url":null,"abstract":"case-histories would not appear to lend support to any dogmatic pronouncement that men of genius are characterized by solitary traits, although it does seem justifiable to conclude that in some (perhaps many) geniuses there is a decided propensity to solitude and seclusion. This, however, does not seem to involve an innate disposition; rather, it would appear that the tendency can be accounted for on the basis of conditioning. Solitude is not the goal of genius but its refuge. Aloofness is frequently the result of a shrinking from the deteriorating standards of society. The genius is not only constantly forced into solitary retreat, but he sometimes seeks seclusion voluntarily and deliberately because as he associates with mankind he senses the advantages to be gained from insulating himself from the masses. In some instances contempt for society among men of geinius may be the result of an attempt to compensate for a feeling of social inferiority. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"84 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.84","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.83-a
[7] Summary of the Report of the American Neurological Association Committee for the investigation of sterilization.-ABRAHAM MYERSON. Amer. Jour. Psychiat., 1935, 92, 615. KNOWLEDGE of human genetics has not the precision or amplitude which would warrant the sterilization of people who themselves are normal in order to prevent the appearance, in their descendants, of manic-depressive psychosis, dementia precox, feeblemindedness, epilepsy, criminal conduct. An exception may exist in the case of normal parents of one or more children suffering from certain familial diseases, such as Tay-Sachs amaurotic idiocy. There is at present no sound scientific basis for sterilization on account of immorality or character defect. Until and unless heredity can be shown to have an overwhelming importance in the causation of dangerous antisocial behaviour, sterilization merely on the basis of conduct must continue to be regarded as a 'cruel and unusual punishment.' Nothing in the acceptance of heredity as a factor in the genesis of any condition considered by this Report excludes the environmental agencies of life as equally potent and, in many instances, as even more effective. Sterilization can only be recommended in selected cases of certain diseases and with the consent of the patient or those responsible for him. It may be considered in Huntington's chorea, feeblemindedness of familial type, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and epilepsy. It is to be stressed that no great or radical change in the complexion of society can thus be expected. C. S. R.
{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.83-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.83-a","url":null,"abstract":"[7] Summary of the Report of the American Neurological Association Committee for the investigation of sterilization.-ABRAHAM MYERSON. Amer. Jour. Psychiat., 1935, 92, 615. KNOWLEDGE of human genetics has not the precision or amplitude which would warrant the sterilization of people who themselves are normal in order to prevent the appearance, in their descendants, of manic-depressive psychosis, dementia precox, feeblemindedness, epilepsy, criminal conduct. An exception may exist in the case of normal parents of one or more children suffering from certain familial diseases, such as Tay-Sachs amaurotic idiocy. There is at present no sound scientific basis for sterilization on account of immorality or character defect. Until and unless heredity can be shown to have an overwhelming importance in the causation of dangerous antisocial behaviour, sterilization merely on the basis of conduct must continue to be regarded as a 'cruel and unusual punishment.' Nothing in the acceptance of heredity as a factor in the genesis of any condition considered by this Report excludes the environmental agencies of life as equally potent and, in many instances, as even more effective. Sterilization can only be recommended in selected cases of certain diseases and with the consent of the patient or those responsible for him. It may be considered in Huntington's chorea, feeblemindedness of familial type, schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, and epilepsy. It is to be stressed that no great or radical change in the complexion of society can thus be expected. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"83 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.83-a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-07-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.88
J. Aitchison, J. Kay, I. Lauder
FROM his work the writer concludes that the toxic and Sudanophil granule estimations appear to follow the course of the psychosis, varying directly with the intensity of the disorder. The gradual improvement in the counts observed in recovering cases must be ascribed in part to the general detoxication which is instituted in each patient soon after admission. Though it would be rash to infer from only a few examinations that these estimations have definite and prognostic value, it is suggested that they may prove of considerable assistance. C. S. R.
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"J. Aitchison, J. Kay, I. Lauder","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.88","url":null,"abstract":"FROM his work the writer concludes that the toxic and Sudanophil granule estimations appear to follow the course of the psychosis, varying directly with the intensity of the disorder. The gradual improvement in the counts observed in recovering cases must be ascribed in part to the general detoxication which is instituted in each patient soon after admission. Though it would be rash to infer from only a few examinations that these estimations have definite and prognostic value, it is suggested that they may prove of considerable assistance. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"88 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.65.88","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.64.341
A. Meyer, L. Cook
THE condition known as 6tat marbr6 was first described fully by C. Vogt 24 in 1911 under the name of status marmoratus and has since been the subject of considerable interest and study. Nevertheless no full description has as yet appeared in any English journal, and therefore a brief introductory summary of the main clinical and pathological features may not come amiss. On the clinical side, the condition usually manifests itself from earliest infancy, development is retarded and more or less severe mental defect is of constant appearance. The picture is one of double choreoathetosis, sometimes combined with epilepsy. Loss of emotional control is a prominent feature, and inability to use the muscles of expression and articulation sometimes occurs. In the majority of cases the condition remains stationary; in others severe generalized paralysis, often with torsion spasm and other contractures, eventually supervenes, and death occurs before or during early adult life. Pathologically the most striking feature is the peculiar marblelike appearance of certain areas of the striate body and to a lesser degree of other parts of the brain. The clinical picture, sometimes known as Vogt's disease, is considered by some to be sufficiently characteristic to be diagnosed during life, but, as we shall point out later, there are reasons for believing that the condition is not a clear-cut clinical or pathological entity. Although uncommon, the condition is probably not so rare as might at first appear. It is probable that the majority of cases have failed to come under the care of competent neurologists; some may have been attributed to meningitis or encephalitis lethargica, while others have almost certainly been overlooked in institutions or elsewhere amongst a mass of heterogeneous cerebral palsies of childhood.
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Pub Date : 1936-04-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.64.369
I T has occasionally been said of organic diseases of the nervous system that while constituting a most interesting field of study in applied physiology and pathology, they are therapeutically destitute. An ardent neurologist might have replied that treatment in organic neurology at all times compared favourably with that in organic medical diseases, such as chronic conditions of the heart, liver and kidneys. We utter a truism in adding that all advance in knowledge of the setiology, pathology and diagnosis of a disease inevitably leads to increased understanding of the possible means of treatment. It is to these aspects of organic disease of the nervous system that most neurological research has been directed, with many brilliant results. Nevertheless, in reviewing the progress of neurology during recent years, it is evident that increasing attention has been paid to treatment per se and that the advances have been considerable. Several diseases, formerly considered almost untreatable apart from general care and management, are now subjected to direct attack. Foremost among these is that form of progressive syphilitic meningoencephalitis, popularly though unfortunately known as ' general paralysis of the insane.' The application of malarial therapy undoubtedly inhibits the malady in the majority of early cases with the result that after a number of years, varying from two to six, the cerebrospinal fluid becomes normal, losing its increased protein content, positive Wassermann reaction and Lange curve. Patients are known among the first to be treated in this country-some 14 years ago-who still survive and in some instances remain useful members of society. An average of the available statistics indicates that approximately 35 per cent. of all cases treated-irrespective of the stage of the disease-show good and lasting remissions, while in a fair proportion of the remainder improvement or arrest of the disease occurs. Compare this with the prognosis invariably given prior to the introduction of malarial treatment
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