Pub Date : 1937-01-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.275
S. W. Ranson
WITII the aid of the Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic instrument, lesions were placed in various parts of the hypothalamus in 40 adult cats. In 10 instances prolonged and permanent polyuria developed, while in two cats transient polyuria was observed. In seven of the cats with permanent polyuria transient diuresis which preceded the onset of the permanent phase occurred. The transient polyuria was followed by an interval during which normal conditions of water exchange prevailed. In six instances the interval between the day of operation and the onset of the permanent polyuria varied from eight to 12 days. This interval has been called the latent period. The transient polyuria has been found to differ from the permanent polyuria in the following respects. It develops much more rapidly and reaches a peak much sooner than does the permanent polyuria; the polyuria is primary to the polydipsia during the permanent phase, while the intake of fluid usually exceeds the output of urine on the first day of the transient phase; during the transient phase the output of urine and the intake of fluid may reach proportions never observed in the permanent phase. The polyuria and polydipsia in the 10 diabetic cats lasted from two to nine months and appeared to be permanent. The output of urine and the intake of fluid for the animals with the most severe diabetes insipidus were five or six times greater than the values for the control animals. As the polyuria increased in intensity the specific gravity of the urine became correspondingly lower. Deprivation of water for several days brought about a reduction in the output of urine to a normal level and deprivation of food resulted in a reduction of the output of urine to about one-half the previous level. During the course of the experiments on the deprivation of water. the animals lost considerable fluid and a negative water balance developed, suggesting that the polyuria is primary. Repeated small doses of pitressin injected subcutaneously caused a reduction in the urine output and the fluid intake to normal levels. Permanent polyuria was found to occur only in the cases in which there was bilateral injury to the supraoptico-hypophyseal system. Such
{"title":"Neurology","authors":"S. W. Ranson","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.275","url":null,"abstract":"WITII the aid of the Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic instrument, lesions were placed in various parts of the hypothalamus in 40 adult cats. In 10 instances prolonged and permanent polyuria developed, while in two cats transient polyuria was observed. In seven of the cats with permanent polyuria transient diuresis which preceded the onset of the permanent phase occurred. The transient polyuria was followed by an interval during which normal conditions of water exchange prevailed. In six instances the interval between the day of operation and the onset of the permanent polyuria varied from eight to 12 days. This interval has been called the latent period. The transient polyuria has been found to differ from the permanent polyuria in the following respects. It develops much more rapidly and reaches a peak much sooner than does the permanent polyuria; the polyuria is primary to the polydipsia during the permanent phase, while the intake of fluid usually exceeds the output of urine on the first day of the transient phase; during the transient phase the output of urine and the intake of fluid may reach proportions never observed in the permanent phase. The polyuria and polydipsia in the 10 diabetic cats lasted from two to nine months and appeared to be permanent. The output of urine and the intake of fluid for the animals with the most severe diabetes insipidus were five or six times greater than the values for the control animals. As the polyuria increased in intensity the specific gravity of the urine became correspondingly lower. Deprivation of water for several days brought about a reduction in the output of urine to a normal level and deprivation of food resulted in a reduction of the output of urine to about one-half the previous level. During the course of the experiments on the deprivation of water. the animals lost considerable fluid and a negative water balance developed, suggesting that the polyuria is primary. Repeated small doses of pitressin injected subcutaneously caused a reduction in the urine output and the fluid intake to normal levels. Permanent polyuria was found to occur only in the cases in which there was bilateral injury to the supraoptico-hypophyseal system. Such","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"275 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-01-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.282
section. When the cerebrum is cut the anterior portion of the corpus callosum is seen to be rather sharply divided into three lamin.T, of which the dorsal and ventral are normal in colour and consistency, while the middle is softer and pinkish or greyislh in colour. This condition of the middle layer is sometimes present throughout the corpus callosum. In many cases, in the posterior parts of the corpus callosum the abnormal area disappears in the region of the midline, leavilng symmetrical lesions on the two sides, extending backwards for varyinig distances. The abnormal area usually stops abruptly at or near the lateral margins of the corpus callosum. The soft, pinkish lamina ordinarily occupies about two-thirds of the dorsoventral extent of the corpus callosum. As regards aetiology, whenever the clinical history has been obtained it has been noted that the patient was a heavy drinker, either of wine or of wi11e and distilled liquor. 1R. -M. S.
{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.282","url":null,"abstract":"section. When the cerebrum is cut the anterior portion of the corpus callosum is seen to be rather sharply divided into three lamin.T, of which the dorsal and ventral are normal in colour and consistency, while the middle is softer and pinkish or greyislh in colour. This condition of the middle layer is sometimes present throughout the corpus callosum. In many cases, in the posterior parts of the corpus callosum the abnormal area disappears in the region of the midline, leavilng symmetrical lesions on the two sides, extending backwards for varyinig distances. The abnormal area usually stops abruptly at or near the lateral margins of the corpus callosum. The soft, pinkish lamina ordinarily occupies about two-thirds of the dorsoventral extent of the corpus callosum. As regards aetiology, whenever the clinical history has been obtained it has been noted that the patient was a heavy drinker, either of wine or of wi11e and distilled liquor. 1R. -M. S.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"282 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-01-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.279
positive result. The patient had been given sodium iodide, and the urine also showed lead. Of 12 other cases of various conditions, in only one, a case of lead initoxication, were abundant crystals found in the cerebrospinal fluid. In this case there was 0-2 mg. of lead per litre of urine. Taking all three studies into consideration, there is no adequate proof for, and ample evidence against, the theory that lead is an aetiological agent in cases of multiple sclerosis. R. M. S.
{"title":"SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.279","url":null,"abstract":"positive result. The patient had been given sodium iodide, and the urine also showed lead. Of 12 other cases of various conditions, in only one, a case of lead initoxication, were abundant crystals found in the cerebrospinal fluid. In this case there was 0-2 mg. of lead per litre of urine. Taking all three studies into consideration, there is no adequate proof for, and ample evidence against, the theory that lead is an aetiological agent in cases of multiple sclerosis. R. M. S.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"279 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-01-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.283
THIE aimii of the writer of this book has been to present to his readers, chiefly perhaps to students and members of the profession, an account of the nature and causes of personality disorders. What might be termed the anatomy and physiology of personality are first discussed; that is to say, its relation to constitution is examined, and the effects on its working of heredity and environment. Therefore the author is concerned with the debatable ground, the no-man's-land (or should we say every-man's-land ?) of the marches between the physiological and the psychological. Mental mechanismis, current methods of examination and some clinical syndromes are discussed in a later section. In his studies the author has sought to follow objective lines, is temperate in his conclusions, and has produced a volume which will not alienate the neurologist by its neglect of the nervous system or disappoint the psychopathologist by under-emphasis of the side of the subject that appeals to him.
{"title":"Reviews and Notices of Books","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.283","url":null,"abstract":"THIE aimii of the writer of this book has been to present to his readers, chiefly perhaps to students and members of the profession, an account of the nature and causes of personality disorders. What might be termed the anatomy and physiology of personality are first discussed; that is to say, its relation to constitution is examined, and the effects on its working of heredity and environment. Therefore the author is concerned with the debatable ground, the no-man's-land (or should we say every-man's-land ?) of the marches between the physiological and the psychological. Mental mechanismis, current methods of examination and some clinical syndromes are discussed in a later section. In his studies the author has sought to follow objective lines, is temperate in his conclusions, and has produced a volume which will not alienate the neurologist by its neglect of the nervous system or disappoint the psychopathologist by under-emphasis of the side of the subject that appeals to him.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"283 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1937-01-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.270
{"title":"A Gap in Neuropsychiatric Knowledge","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"270 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1937-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.67.270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189
MYERSON has established for himself the following guiding principles: first, that wherever a psychosis is mainly of constitutional origin, and where medical science is yet unable to find any direct environmental relationship, he is reluctant to state that any environmental event is a probable exciting or precipitating or aggravating cause. If, however, an environmental event occurs which is of serious nature, such as severe trauma, or of great emotional significance, and if it can be shown that the psychosis occurred within a very short period, he is willing to admit some relationship. This is true, however,. mainly of manic-depressive psychosis. He is willing to admit a psychological event as a probable cause for the occurrence of this psychosis. Manicdepressive is mainly an affective psychosis. It is therefore logical to assume that a serious emotional situation may, if immediately followed by a manicdepressive state, be a precipitating or aggravating cause. He is unwilling to admit that there is any reason to assume that this is a factor in the precipitation of dementia prtecox, largely because the schizophrenic state is not, as. far as we know, emotional in origin, and because the personality alteration is of more profound nature than the change which takes place in manicdepressive psychosis. C. S. R.
{"title":"Psychopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189","url":null,"abstract":"MYERSON has established for himself the following guiding principles: first, that wherever a psychosis is mainly of constitutional origin, and where medical science is yet unable to find any direct environmental relationship, he is reluctant to state that any environmental event is a probable exciting or precipitating or aggravating cause. If, however, an environmental event occurs which is of serious nature, such as severe trauma, or of great emotional significance, and if it can be shown that the psychosis occurred within a very short period, he is willing to admit some relationship. This is true, however,. mainly of manic-depressive psychosis. He is willing to admit a psychological event as a probable cause for the occurrence of this psychosis. Manicdepressive is mainly an affective psychosis. It is therefore logical to assume that a serious emotional situation may, if immediately followed by a manicdepressive state, be a precipitating or aggravating cause. He is unwilling to admit that there is any reason to assume that this is a factor in the precipitation of dementia prtecox, largely because the schizophrenic state is not, as. far as we know, emotional in origin, and because the personality alteration is of more profound nature than the change which takes place in manicdepressive psychosis. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"189 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176
{"title":"Needed Reforms in Psychiatry and Neurology","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"176 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a
MYERSON has established for himself the following guiding principles: first, that wherever a psychosis is mainly of constitutional origin, and where medical science is yet unable to find any direct environmental relationship, he is reluctant to state that any environmental event is a probable exciting or precipitating or aggravating cause. If, however, an environmental event occurs which is of serious nature, such as severe trauma, or of great emotional significance, and if it can be shown that the psychosis occurred within a very short period, he is willing to admit some relationship. This is true, however,. mainly of manic-depressive psychosis. He is willing to admit a psychological event as a probable cause for the occurrence of this psychosis. Manicdepressive is mainly an affective psychosis. It is therefore logical to assume that a serious emotional situation may, if immediately followed by a manicdepressive state, be a precipitating or aggravating cause. He is unwilling to admit that there is any reason to assume that this is a factor in the precipitation of dementia prtecox, largely because the schizophrenic state is not, as. far as we know, emotional in origin, and because the personality alteration is of more profound nature than the change which takes place in manicdepressive psychosis. C. S. R.
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a","url":null,"abstract":"MYERSON has established for himself the following guiding principles: first, that wherever a psychosis is mainly of constitutional origin, and where medical science is yet unable to find any direct environmental relationship, he is reluctant to state that any environmental event is a probable exciting or precipitating or aggravating cause. If, however, an environmental event occurs which is of serious nature, such as severe trauma, or of great emotional significance, and if it can be shown that the psychosis occurred within a very short period, he is willing to admit some relationship. This is true, however,. mainly of manic-depressive psychosis. He is willing to admit a psychological event as a probable cause for the occurrence of this psychosis. Manicdepressive is mainly an affective psychosis. It is therefore logical to assume that a serious emotional situation may, if immediately followed by a manicdepressive state, be a precipitating or aggravating cause. He is unwilling to admit that there is any reason to assume that this is a factor in the precipitation of dementia prtecox, largely because the schizophrenic state is not, as. far as we know, emotional in origin, and because the personality alteration is of more profound nature than the change which takes place in manicdepressive psychosis. C. S. R.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"189 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.189-a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183
tissue (e.g. distilled water, alkali) increase the permeability, as shown by the decrease in polarizability. This is a reversible process, as indicated by the effect of some acids and of hypertonic salt solutions after previous swelling of the brain. These experiments support the view that pathological processes which call forth swelling of the brain produce an impairment of the cellsurfaces in that their density is lowered. The transitory increase in permeability of the cell-surfaces, which is, according to modern theories of excitation, an essential part of the excitation process, is thus facilitated, and the threshold of the cells for metabolic or other stimuli is lowered. This explains the mechanism by which swelling of the brain increases convulsive reactivity.
{"title":"SENSORIMOTOR NEUROLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183","url":null,"abstract":"tissue (e.g. distilled water, alkali) increase the permeability, as shown by the decrease in polarizability. This is a reversible process, as indicated by the effect of some acids and of hypertonic salt solutions after previous swelling of the brain. These experiments support the view that pathological processes which call forth swelling of the brain produce an impairment of the cellsurfaces in that their density is lowered. The transitory increase in permeability of the cell-surfaces, which is, according to modern theories of excitation, an essential part of the excitation process, is thus facilitated, and the threshold of the cells for metabolic or other stimuli is lowered. This explains the mechanism by which swelling of the brain increases convulsive reactivity.","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"183 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63913818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1936-10-01DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188
{"title":"PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology","volume":"s1-17 1","pages":"188 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1936-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jnnp.s1-17.66.188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63914247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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