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Modelling the influence of social network with a multiple group latent class analysis 基于多群体潜在阶级分析的社会网络影响建模
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1821199
Ankita Dey, Diganta Mukherjee, Sugata Sen Roy
ABSTRACT Presence of social network among the respondents in a survey may have an influence on the patterns of response. Latent class analysis identifies hidden subgroups in the respondents in a survey and simplifies the structure of heterogeneity amongst them. In the present study, a new model of social network-informed multiple group latent class analysis is developed by introducing a parameter measuring the influence of a social network on a respondent. For suitable application of the proposed model, data from 75 Indian villages with detailed demographic characteristics and a diverse social and economic network are used. The present study examined the methodological aspect of the proposed model of multiple group latent class analysis adjusted for the impact of social network.
摘要调查中受访者之间的社交网络可能会对反应模式产生影响。潜在类别分析在调查中识别出受访者中隐藏的亚组,并简化了他们之间的异质性结构。在本研究中,通过引入一个衡量社交网络对受访者影响的参数,开发了一个新的基于社交网络的多群体潜在类别分析模型。为了适当应用所提出的模型,使用了来自75个印度村庄的数据,这些村庄具有详细的人口特征和多样化的社会和经济网络。本研究考察了所提出的多群体潜在阶级分析模型的方法论方面,该模型根据社会网络的影响进行了调整。
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引用次数: 0
Not all bridges connect: integration in multi-community networks 并不是所有的桥都连接:多社区网络的集成
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/0022250x.2019.1694519
B. Heydari, Pedram Heydari, M. Mosleh
ABSTRACT This paper studies structures for efficient and stable integration of multi-community networks where establishing bridges across communities incur additional link cost compared to those within communities. Building on the connections models with direct and indirect benefits, we show that the efficient structure for homogeneous cost and benefit parameters, and for communities of arbitrary size, always has a diameter no greater than 3. We further show that for non-trivial cases, integration always follows one of these three structures: single star, two hub-connected stars, and a new structure we introduce in this paper as parallel hyperstar, which is a special core/periphery structure with parallel bridges that connect the core nodes of different communities. Then we investigate stability conditions of these structures, using the standard pairwise stability, as well as post-transfer pairwise stability, a new stability notion we introduce in this paper, which allows for bilateral utility transfers. We show that while the parallel hyperstar structure can never be both efficient and pairwise stable, once post-transfer pairwise stability is used, efficiency guarantees stability. Furthermore, we show that all possible efficient structures can be simultaneously post-transfer pairwise stable. In the end, we provide some numerical results and discussion of empirical evidences.
摘要本文研究了多社区网络的高效和稳定集成结构,与社区内的桥梁相比,在社区之间建立桥梁会产生额外的连接成本。在具有直接和间接效益的连接模型的基础上,我们表明,对于同质成本和效益参数,以及任意大小的社区,有效结构的直径总是不大于3。我们进一步证明,对于非平凡的情况,积分总是遵循这三种结构中的一种:单星、两个集线器连接的星,以及我们在本文中引入的一种新结构,即平行超星,这是一种特殊的核心/外围结构,具有连接不同社区核心节点的平行桥。然后,我们使用标准成对稳定性和转移后成对稳定性来研究这些结构的稳定性条件,这是我们在本文中引入的一个新的稳定性概念,允许双边效用转移。我们证明,虽然平行超星结构永远不可能既有效又成对稳定,但一旦使用了后转移成对稳定性,效率就保证了稳定性。此外,我们证明了所有可能的有效结构都可以同时在转移后成对稳定。最后,我们给出了一些数值结果,并对经验证据进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Predictive evaluation of human value segmentations 人类价值分割的预测评价
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1811277
K. J. Albers, Morten Mørup, Mikkel N. Schmidt, Fumiko Kano Glückstad
ABSTRACT Data-driven segmentation is an important tool for analyzing patterns of associations in social survey data; however, it remains a challenge to compare the quality of segmentations obtained by different methods. We present a statistical framework for quantifying the quality of segmentations of human values, by evaluating their ability to predict held-out data. By comparing clusterings of human values survey data from the forth round of European Social Study (ESS-4), we show that demographic markers such as age or country predict better than random, yet are outperformed by data-driven segmentation methods. We show that a Bayesian version of Latent Class Analysis (LCA) outperforms the standard maximum likelihood LCA in predictive performance and is more robust for different number of clusters.
数据驱动分割是分析社会调查数据关联模式的重要工具;然而,如何比较不同方法获得的分割质量仍然是一个挑战。我们提出了一个统计框架来量化人类价值分割的质量,通过评估他们预测持有数据的能力。通过比较来自第四轮欧洲社会研究(ESS-4)的人类价值调查数据的聚类,我们表明年龄或国家等人口统计学标记比随机预测更好,但数据驱动的分割方法优于随机预测。我们表明,贝叶斯版本的潜在类分析(LCA)在预测性能上优于标准最大似然LCA,并且对于不同数量的聚类更具鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 1
The power of voting and corruption cycles 投票权与腐败循环
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-09-16 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1818077
E. Accinelli, Filipe Martins, A. Pinto, Atefeh Afsar, B. Oliveira
ABSTRACT We introduce an evolutionary dynamical model for corruption in a democratic state describing the interactions between citizens, government and officials, where the voting power of the citizens is the main mechanism to control corruption. Three main scenarios for the evolution of corruption emerge depending on the efficiency of the institutions and the social, political, and economic characteristics of the State. Efficient institutions can create a corruption intolerant self-reinforcing mechanism. The lack of political choices, weaknesses of institutions and vote buying can create a self-reinforcing mechanism of corruption. The ambition of the rulers can induce high levels of corruption that can be fought by the voting power of the citizens creating corruption cycles.
本文引入了一个民主国家腐败的演化动力学模型,描述了公民、政府和官员之间的相互作用,其中公民的投票权是控制腐败的主要机制。腐败演变的三种主要情况取决于机构的效率以及国家的社会、政治和经济特征。有效的制度可以创造出一种不容忍腐败的自我强化机制。政治选择的缺乏、制度的薄弱和贿选会形成一种自我强化的腐败机制。统治者的野心可能导致高度腐败,而腐败可以通过公民的投票权来对抗,从而形成腐败循环。
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引用次数: 4
Convex combinations of centrality measures 中心性测度的凸组合
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1765776
Ying Ying Keng, K. Kwa, Chris McClain
ABSTRACT Despite a plethora of centrality measures were proposed, there is no consensus on what centrality is exactly due to the shortcomings each measure has. In this manuscript, we propose to combine centrality measures pertinent to a network by forming their convex combinations. We found that some combinations, induced by regular points, split the nodes into the largest number of classes by their rankings. Moreover, regular points are found with probability and their induced rankings are insensitive to small variation. By contrast, combinations induced by critical points are scarce, but their presence enables the variation in node rankings. We also discuss how optimum combinations could be chosen, while proving various properties of the convex combinations of centrality measures.
摘要尽管提出了过多的中心性度量,但由于每种度量的缺点,人们对中心性究竟是什么还没有达成共识。在这篇手稿中,我们提出通过形成它们的凸组合来组合与网络相关的中心性度量。我们发现,一些由规则点诱导的组合会根据节点的排名将其划分为最多的类。此外,规则点是有概率的,它们的诱导排名对小的变化不敏感。相比之下,由临界点诱导的组合很少,但它们的存在使得节点排名发生变化。我们还讨论了如何选择最佳组合,同时证明了中心测度的凸组合的各种性质。
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引用次数: 7
Exploring ideological signals from cosponsorship 从共同赞助中探寻意识形态信号
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1787406
Carol Ann Downes, Philip D. Waggoner
ABSTRACT While cosponsorship is a useful tool for cosponsors, what is its impact on the bill? Adapting the mathematical concept of directed transportation networks for the American Congressional context, we suggest cosponsorship’s impact on a bill comes in the form of an ideological signal. We offer a model of policymaking where ideological “weight” is added to bills each time legislators sign on as cosponsors. In addition to policy substance, the bill’s final position in ideological space may also be considered as a function of all collaborators (i.e., initial sponsor and cosponsors). We conclude by extending and applying our model to two bills from the 115th U.S. House. Results comport with our model’s expectations, suggesting we are capturing ideological signals from cosponsorship.
虽然共同赞助是共同提案人的一个有用的工具,但它对法案的影响是什么?根据美国国会背景下定向交通网络的数学概念,我们建议共同赞助对法案的影响以意识形态信号的形式出现。我们提供了一种政策制定模式,每次立法者以共同提案人的身份签署法案时,都会给法案增加意识形态的“分量”。除了政策实质之外,法案在意识形态空间中的最终位置也可以被认为是所有合作者(即初始发起人和共同发起人)的函数。最后,我们将我们的模型扩展并应用于第115届美国众议院的两项法案。结果与我们的模型预期相符,表明我们正在从共同赞助中捕捉意识形态信号。
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引用次数: 0
A simple, dynamic extension of temporal motivation theory 时间动机理论的一个简单的、动态的扩展
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2019.1666268
Christopher R. Dishop
ABSTRACT Temporal motivation theory (TMT) has been criticized for its static representation and neglect of the environment. In this paper, I develop goal sampling theory (GST) to appease these criticisms and extend our understanding of goal choices beyond momentary preferences and into dynamic updating and sampling behavior across time. GST draws from temporal motivational theory, sampling models of impression formation, and organizational theory on how the environment constrains behavior and situates aspects of each into a formal model of goal sampling. Doing so addresses the limitations of our prior thinking, introduces new concepts and predictions, and provides a mathematical framework that lends itself to computational modeling.
时间动机理论(TMT)因其静态表征和忽视环境而受到批评。在本文中,我发展了目标抽样理论(GST)来平息这些批评,并将我们对目标选择的理解从瞬间偏好扩展到动态更新和抽样行为。GST借鉴了时间动机理论,印象形成的抽样模型,以及环境如何约束行为的组织理论,并将每个方面置于目标抽样的正式模型中。这样做解决了我们先前思维的局限性,引入了新的概念和预测,并提供了一个适合计算建模的数学框架。
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引用次数: 0
Heider balance, prejudices and size effect 海德尔平衡、偏见与尺寸效应
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2019.1664509
Krzysztof Kułakowski, M. Stojkow, Dorota Żuchowska-Skiba
ABSTRACT In a fully connected network of K individuals, links represent symmetric interpersonal relations with their signs – positive for friendly, negative for hostile ones. The network is balanced in the sense of Heider if it is divided into two, internally friendly but mutually hostile groups. A dynamics of the relations has been proposed which leads to balanced states; there, a separate differential equation is designed for each out of K(K-1)/2 links. Here we demonstrate that besides the balanced states, whole families of stable-unbalanced states exist, and the number of these states is limited only by the size of the network. Examples are given for three and four internally friendly, but mutually hostile groups.
摘要在一个由K个人组成的完全连接的网络中,链接代表了与其符号对称的人际关系——积极表示友好,消极表示敌对。如果网络被划分为两个内部友好但相互敌对的群体,那么它在海德尔的意义上是平衡的。已经提出了一种关系的动力学,它导致了平衡状态;在那里,为K(K-1)/2个链路中的每个链路设计单独的微分方程。在这里,我们证明了除了平衡态之外,还存在完整的稳定不平衡态族,并且这些状态的数量仅受网络大小的限制。列举了三个和四个内部友好但相互敌对的团体。
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引用次数: 8
Modeling risk perception using independent and social learning: application to individuals with autism spectrum disorder 使用独立和社会学习建模风险感知:在自闭症谱系障碍个体中的应用
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-06-24 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1774877
Tanu Wadhera, D. Kakkar
ABSTRACT The current study mathematically models key factors influencing Risk Perception (RP) that involves knowledge inferred from present situations and social learning, past information and priming effect. It is a generalized perception-based model and in the present paper, it is applied to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The computational model has been simulated for numerous rounds in two phases to find a quantitative value of the model factors. In the first phase, the model reflected dependency of RP upon recent past events and priming, while second phase revealed that social learning modulates RP, even in ASD. This further proves that peer-interaction plays a crucial role in building perception. Thus, our work provides a mathematical framework to evaluate perception objectively in any situation, such as risky/danger-situations.
摘要本研究对影响风险感知的关键因素进行数学建模,包括从当前情境和社会学习中推断的知识、过去信息和启动效应。它是一种基于广义感知的模型,本文将其应用于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)。计算模型分两阶段进行了多次模拟,得到了模型因子的定量值。在第一阶段,该模型反映了RP依赖于最近的过去事件和启动,而第二阶段揭示了社会学习调节RP,即使在ASD中也是如此。这进一步证明同伴互动在建立感知中起着至关重要的作用。因此,我们的工作提供了一个数学框架来客观地评估任何情况下的感知,例如风险/危险情况。
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引用次数: 5
The mechanics of contentious politics: an agent-based modeling approach 争议政治的机制:一种基于代理的建模方法
IF 1 4区 社会学 Q3 MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/0022250X.2020.1753187
Eugenio Dacrema, S. Benati
ABSTRACT “Contentious politics” has become the main label to define a wide range of previously separated fields of research encompassing topics such as collective action, radicalization, armed insurgencies, and terrorism. Over the past two decades, scholars have tried to bring these various strands together into a unified field of study. In so doing, they have developed a methodology to isolate and analyze the common social and cognitive mechanisms underlying several diverse historical phenomena such as “insurgencies,” “revolutions,” “radicalization,” or “terrorism.” A multidisciplinary approach was adopted open to contributions from diverse fields such as economics, sociology, and psychology. The aim of this paper is to add to the multidisciplinarity of the field of Contentious Politics (CP) and introduce the instruments of Agent-Based Modeling and network game-theory to the study of some fundamental mechanisms analyzed within this literature. In particular, the model presented in this paper describes the dynamics of one process, here defined as “the radicalization of politics,” and its main underlying mechanisms. Their mechanics are analyzed in diverse social contexts differentiated by the values of four parameters: the extent of repression, inequality, social tolerance, and interconnectivity. The model can be used to explain the basic dynamics underlying different phenomena such as the development of radicalization, populism, and popular rebellions. In the final part, different societies characterized by diverse values of the aforementioned four parameters are tested through Python simulations, thereby offering an overview of the different outcomes that the mechanics of our model can shape according to the contexts in which they operate.
摘要“有争议的政治”已成为定义一系列先前分离的研究领域的主要标签,这些领域包括集体行动、激进化、武装叛乱和恐怖主义等主题。在过去的二十年里,学者们试图将这些不同的线索结合到一个统一的研究领域中。在这样做的过程中,他们开发了一种方法来分离和分析几种不同历史现象背后的共同社会和认知机制,如“叛乱”、“革命”、“激进化”或“恐怖主义”。采取了一种多学科的方法,对经济学、社会学和心理学等不同领域的贡献开放。本文的目的是增加竞争政治(CP)领域的多学科性,并将基于代理的建模和网络博弈论的工具引入到本文中分析的一些基本机制的研究中。特别是,本文中提出的模型描述了一个过程的动力学,在这里被定义为“政治的激进化”,及其主要的潜在机制。它们的机制是在不同的社会背景下进行分析的,这些社会背景由四个参数的值区分:镇压程度、不平等、社会宽容和相互联系。该模型可用于解释激进化、民粹主义和民众叛乱等不同现象背后的基本动力。在最后一部分中,通过Python模拟对以上述四个参数的不同值为特征的不同社会进行了测试,从而概述了我们模型的机制可以根据其运行环境形成的不同结果。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Journal of Mathematical Sociology
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