Paul Maximilian Röhrig, Nils Körber, Julius Zocher, Andreas Ulbig
An essential facet of achieving climate neutrality by 2045 is the decarbonization of municipal energy systems. To accomplish this, it is necessary to establish implementation concepts that detail the timing, location, and specific measures required to achieve decarbonization. This restructuring process involves identifying the measures that offer the most compelling techno-economic and ecological advantages. In particular, measures that contribute to the interconnection of energy vectors and domains, e.g. heating, cooling, and electricity supply, in the sense of decentralized multi-energy systems are a promising future development option. Due to the high complexity resulting from a multitude of decision options as well as a temporal coupling across the transformation path, the use of optimization methods is required, which enable a bottom-up identification of suitable transformation solutions in a high spatial resolution. For the design of reasonable concepts, we develop a multistage optimization problem for the derivation of transformation pathways in the context of a multi-location structure, expansion, and operation problem. The results show that the heat supply in the future will mainly be provided by heat pumps with a share of 60%. It can also be shown that an early dismantling of the gas network will lead to the need for transitional technologies such as pellet heating. Overall, the conversion of the municipal energy system can significantly reduce emissions (97%).
{"title":"Multi-stage optimisation towards transformation pathways for municipal energy systems","authors":"Paul Maximilian Röhrig, Nils Körber, Julius Zocher, Andreas Ulbig","doi":"arxiv-2311.11576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.11576","url":null,"abstract":"An essential facet of achieving climate neutrality by 2045 is the\u0000decarbonization of municipal energy systems. To accomplish this, it is\u0000necessary to establish implementation concepts that detail the timing,\u0000location, and specific measures required to achieve decarbonization. This\u0000restructuring process involves identifying the measures that offer the most\u0000compelling techno-economic and ecological advantages. In particular, measures\u0000that contribute to the interconnection of energy vectors and domains, e.g.\u0000heating, cooling, and electricity supply, in the sense of decentralized\u0000multi-energy systems are a promising future development option. Due to the high\u0000complexity resulting from a multitude of decision options as well as a temporal\u0000coupling across the transformation path, the use of optimization methods is\u0000required, which enable a bottom-up identification of suitable transformation\u0000solutions in a high spatial resolution. For the design of reasonable concepts,\u0000we develop a multistage optimization problem for the derivation of\u0000transformation pathways in the context of a multi-location structure,\u0000expansion, and operation problem. The results show that the heat supply in the\u0000future will mainly be provided by heat pumps with a share of 60%. It can also\u0000be shown that an early dismantling of the gas network will lead to the need for\u0000transitional technologies such as pellet heating. Overall, the conversion of\u0000the municipal energy system can significantly reduce emissions (97%).","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ranking pertaining to the human-centered tasks -- underscoring their paramount significance in these domains such as evaluation and hiring process -- exhibits widespread prevalence across various industries. Consequently, decision-makers are taking proactive measurements to promote diversity, underscore equity, and advance inclusion. Their unwavering commitment to these ideals emanates from the following convictions: (i) Diversity encompasses a broad spectrum of differences; (ii) Equity involves the assurance of equitable opportunities; and (iii) Inclusion revolves around the cultivation of a sense of value and impartiality, concurrently empowering individuals. Data-driven AI tools have been used for screening and ranking processes. However, there is a growing concern that the presence of pre-existing biases in databases may be exacerbated, particularly in the context of imbalanced datasets or the black-box-schema. In this research, we propose a model-driven recruitment decision support tool that addresses fairness together with equity in the screening phase. We introduce the term ``pDEI" to represent the output-input oriented production efficiency adjusted by socioeconomic disparity. Taking into account various aspects of interpreting socioeconomic disparity, our goals are (i) maximizing the relative efficiency of underrepresented groups and (ii) understanding how socioeconomic disparity affects the cultivation of a DEI-positive workplace.
{"title":"Workforce pDEI: Productivity Coupled with DEI","authors":"Lanqing Du, Jinwook Lee","doi":"arxiv-2311.11231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.11231","url":null,"abstract":"Ranking pertaining to the human-centered tasks -- underscoring their\u0000paramount significance in these domains such as evaluation and hiring process\u0000-- exhibits widespread prevalence across various industries. Consequently,\u0000decision-makers are taking proactive measurements to promote diversity,\u0000underscore equity, and advance inclusion. Their unwavering commitment to these\u0000ideals emanates from the following convictions: (i) Diversity encompasses a\u0000broad spectrum of differences; (ii) Equity involves the assurance of equitable\u0000opportunities; and (iii) Inclusion revolves around the cultivation of a sense\u0000of value and impartiality, concurrently empowering individuals. Data-driven AI\u0000tools have been used for screening and ranking processes. However, there is a\u0000growing concern that the presence of pre-existing biases in databases may be\u0000exacerbated, particularly in the context of imbalanced datasets or the\u0000black-box-schema. In this research, we propose a model-driven recruitment\u0000decision support tool that addresses fairness together with equity in the\u0000screening phase. We introduce the term ``pDEI\" to represent the output-input\u0000oriented production efficiency adjusted by socioeconomic disparity. Taking into\u0000account various aspects of interpreting socioeconomic disparity, our goals are\u0000(i) maximizing the relative efficiency of underrepresented groups and (ii)\u0000understanding how socioeconomic disparity affects the cultivation of a\u0000DEI-positive workplace.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergent abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), which power tools like ChatGPT and Bard, have produced both excitement and worry about how AI will impact academic writing. In response to rising concerns about AI use, authors of academic publications may decide to voluntarily disclose any AI tools they use to revise their manuscripts, and journals and conferences could begin mandating disclosure and/or turn to using detection services, as many teachers have done with student writing in class settings. Given these looming possibilities, we investigate whether academics view it as necessary to report AI use in manuscript preparation and how detectors react to the use of AI in academic writing.
{"title":"AI Use in Manuscript Preparation for Academic Journals","authors":"Nir Chemaya, Daniel Martin","doi":"arxiv-2311.14720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.14720","url":null,"abstract":"The emergent abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), which power tools\u0000like ChatGPT and Bard, have produced both excitement and worry about how AI\u0000will impact academic writing. In response to rising concerns about AI use,\u0000authors of academic publications may decide to voluntarily disclose any AI\u0000tools they use to revise their manuscripts, and journals and conferences could\u0000begin mandating disclosure and/or turn to using detection services, as many\u0000teachers have done with student writing in class settings. Given these looming\u0000possibilities, we investigate whether academics view it as necessary to report\u0000AI use in manuscript preparation and how detectors react to the use of AI in\u0000academic writing.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although it has a history that goes back about three decades, Metaverse has grown to be one of the most talked-about subjects today. Metaverse gradually increased its influence in the realm of business discourse after initially being restricted to discussions about entertainment. Before getting deep into the Metaverse, it should be noted that failure and deviating from the business path are highly likely for an enterprise that relies heavily on information technology (IT) because of improper use and thinking about IT. The idea of enterprise architecture (EA) emerged as a management strategy to address this issue. As the first school of thought of EA, it sought to transform IT from an unnecessary burden in an enterprise to a guiding and supporting force. Then an extended EA model is suggested as a result of the attempt made in this paper to use the idea of EA to steer virtual enterprises on Metaverse-based platforms. Finally, to evaluate the conceptual model and demonstrate that the Metaverse can support businesses, three case studies Decentraland, Battle Infinity, and Rooom were utilized.
{"title":"Architecting the Future: A Model for Enterprise Integration in the Metaverse","authors":"Amirmohammad Nateghi, Maedeh Mosharraf","doi":"arxiv-2311.11406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.11406","url":null,"abstract":"Although it has a history that goes back about three decades, Metaverse has\u0000grown to be one of the most talked-about subjects today. Metaverse gradually\u0000increased its influence in the realm of business discourse after initially\u0000being restricted to discussions about entertainment. Before getting deep into\u0000the Metaverse, it should be noted that failure and deviating from the business\u0000path are highly likely for an enterprise that relies heavily on information\u0000technology (IT) because of improper use and thinking about IT. The idea of\u0000enterprise architecture (EA) emerged as a management strategy to address this\u0000issue. As the first school of thought of EA, it sought to transform IT from an\u0000unnecessary burden in an enterprise to a guiding and supporting force. Then an\u0000extended EA model is suggested as a result of the attempt made in this paper to\u0000use the idea of EA to steer virtual enterprises on Metaverse-based platforms.\u0000Finally, to evaluate the conceptual model and demonstrate that the Metaverse\u0000can support businesses, three case studies Decentraland, Battle Infinity, and\u0000Rooom were utilized.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are decentralized digital tokens to represent the unique ownership of items. Recently, NFTs have been gaining popularity and at the same time bringing up issues, such as scams, racism, and sexism. Decentralization, a key attribute of NFT, contributes to some of the issues that are easier to regulate under centralized schemes, which are intentionally left out of the NFT marketplace. In this work, we delved into this centralization-decentralization dilemma in the NFT space through mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. Centralization-decentralization dilemma is the dilemma caused by the conflict between the slogan of decentralization and the interests of stakeholders. We first analyzed over 30,000 NFT-related tweets to obtain a high-level understanding of stakeholders' concerns in the NFT space. We then interviewed 15 NFT stakeholders (both creators and collectors) to obtain their in-depth insights into these concerns and potential solutions. Our findings identify concerning issues among users: financial scams, counterfeit NFTs, hacking, and unethical NFTs. We further reflected on the centralization-decentralization dilemma drawing upon the perspectives of the stakeholders in the interviews. Finally, we gave some inferences to solve the centralization-decentralization dilemma in the NFT market and thought about the future of NFT and decentralization.
{"title":"\"Centralized or Decentralized?\": Concerns and Value Judgments of Stakeholders in the Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) Market","authors":"Yunpeng Xiao, Bufan Deng, Siqi Chen, Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou, Ray LC, Luyao Zhang, Xin Tong","doi":"arxiv-2311.10990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.10990","url":null,"abstract":"Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are decentralized digital tokens to represent the\u0000unique ownership of items. Recently, NFTs have been gaining popularity and at\u0000the same time bringing up issues, such as scams, racism, and sexism.\u0000Decentralization, a key attribute of NFT, contributes to some of the issues\u0000that are easier to regulate under centralized schemes, which are intentionally\u0000left out of the NFT marketplace. In this work, we delved into this\u0000centralization-decentralization dilemma in the NFT space through mixed\u0000quantitative and qualitative methods. Centralization-decentralization dilemma\u0000is the dilemma caused by the conflict between the slogan of decentralization\u0000and the interests of stakeholders. We first analyzed over 30,000 NFT-related\u0000tweets to obtain a high-level understanding of stakeholders' concerns in the\u0000NFT space. We then interviewed 15 NFT stakeholders (both creators and\u0000collectors) to obtain their in-depth insights into these concerns and potential\u0000solutions. Our findings identify concerning issues among users: financial\u0000scams, counterfeit NFTs, hacking, and unethical NFTs. We further reflected on\u0000the centralization-decentralization dilemma drawing upon the perspectives of\u0000the stakeholders in the interviews. Finally, we gave some inferences to solve\u0000the centralization-decentralization dilemma in the NFT market and thought about\u0000the future of NFT and decentralization.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus on Renewable Energy Communities (REC) is fastly growing after the European Union (EU) has introduced a dedicated regulation in 2018. The idea of creating local groups of citizens, small- and medium-sized companies, and public institutions, which self-produce and self-consume energy from renewable sources is at the same time a way to save money for the participants, increase efficiency of the energy system, and reduce CO$_2$ emissions. Member states inside the EU are fixing more detailed regulations, which describe, how public incentives are measured. A natural objective for the incentive policies is of course to promote the self-consumption of a REC. A sophisticated incentive policy is that based on the so called 'virtual framework'. Under this framework all the energy produced by a REC is sold to the market, and all the energy consumed must be paid to retailers: self-consumption occurs only 'virtually', thanks a money compensation (paid by a central authority) for every MWh produced and consumed by the REC in the same hour. In this context, two problems have to be solved: the optimal investment in new technologies and a fair division of the incentive among the community members. We address these problems by considering a particular type of REC, composed by a representative household and a biogas producer, where the potential demand of the community is given by the household's demand, while both members produce renewable energy. We set the problem as a leader-follower problem: the leader decide how to share the incentive for the self-consumed energy, while the followers decide their own optimal installation strategy. We solve the leader's problem by searching for a Nash bargaining solution for the incentive's fair division, while the follower problem is solved by finding the Nash equilibria of a static competitive game between the members.
{"title":"Optimal Investment and Fair Sharing Rules of the Incentives for Renewable Energy Communities","authors":"Almendra Awerkin, Paolo Falbo, Tiziano Vargiolu","doi":"arxiv-2311.12055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.12055","url":null,"abstract":"The focus on Renewable Energy Communities (REC) is fastly growing after the\u0000European Union (EU) has introduced a dedicated regulation in 2018. The idea of\u0000creating local groups of citizens, small- and medium-sized companies, and\u0000public institutions, which self-produce and self-consume energy from renewable\u0000sources is at the same time a way to save money for the participants, increase\u0000efficiency of the energy system, and reduce CO$_2$ emissions. Member states\u0000inside the EU are fixing more detailed regulations, which describe, how public\u0000incentives are measured. A natural objective for the incentive policies is of\u0000course to promote the self-consumption of a REC. A sophisticated incentive\u0000policy is that based on the so called 'virtual framework'. Under this framework\u0000all the energy produced by a REC is sold to the market, and all the energy\u0000consumed must be paid to retailers: self-consumption occurs only 'virtually',\u0000thanks a money compensation (paid by a central authority) for every MWh\u0000produced and consumed by the REC in the same hour. In this context, two\u0000problems have to be solved: the optimal investment in new technologies and a\u0000fair division of the incentive among the community members. We address these\u0000problems by considering a particular type of REC, composed by a representative\u0000household and a biogas producer, where the potential demand of the community is\u0000given by the household's demand, while both members produce renewable energy.\u0000We set the problem as a leader-follower problem: the leader decide how to share\u0000the incentive for the self-consumed energy, while the followers decide their\u0000own optimal installation strategy. We solve the leader's problem by searching\u0000for a Nash bargaining solution for the incentive's fair division, while the\u0000follower problem is solved by finding the Nash equilibria of a static\u0000competitive game between the members.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy security is the guarantee for achieving the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and exploring energy resilience is one of the important ways to promote energy security transition and adapt to changes in international and domestic energy markets. This paper applies the combined dynamic evaluation method to measure China's energy resilience level from 2004-2021, analyses the spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of China's energy resilience through the center of gravity-standard deviation ellipse and kernel density estimation, and employs geo-detectors to detect the main influencing factors and interactions of China's energy resilience. The study finds that:(1)China's energy resilience level generally shows a zigzagging forward development trend, and the spatial imbalance characteristic of China's energy resilience is more obvious.(2)The spatial dynamics of China's energy resilience level evolves in a northeast-southwest direction, and the whole moves towards the southwest, with an overall counterclockwise trend of constant offset.(3)When the energy resilience level of neighboring provinces is too low or too high, it has little effect on the improvement of the energy resilience level of the province; when the energy resilience level of neighboring provinces is 1-1.4, it has a positive spatial correlation with the energy resilience level of the province, and the synergistic development of the provinces can improve the energy resilience level together.(4)GDP, the number of employees, the number of employees enrolled in basic pension and medical insurance, and the number of patent applications in high-tech industries have a more significant impact on China's energy resilience, while China's energy resilience is affected by the interaction of multiple factors.
{"title":"Research on the Dynamic Evolution and Influencing Factors of Energy Resilience in China","authors":"Tie Wei, Youqi Chen, Zhicheng Duan","doi":"arxiv-2311.10987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.10987","url":null,"abstract":"Energy security is the guarantee for achieving the goal of carbon peaking and\u0000carbon neutrality, and exploring energy resilience is one of the important ways\u0000to promote energy security transition and adapt to changes in international and\u0000domestic energy markets. This paper applies the combined dynamic evaluation\u0000method to measure China's energy resilience level from 2004-2021, analyses the\u0000spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of China's energy resilience through the\u0000center of gravity-standard deviation ellipse and kernel density estimation, and\u0000employs geo-detectors to detect the main influencing factors and interactions\u0000of China's energy resilience. The study finds that:(1)China's energy resilience\u0000level generally shows a zigzagging forward development trend, and the spatial\u0000imbalance characteristic of China's energy resilience is more obvious.(2)The\u0000spatial dynamics of China's energy resilience level evolves in a\u0000northeast-southwest direction, and the whole moves towards the southwest, with\u0000an overall counterclockwise trend of constant offset.(3)When the energy\u0000resilience level of neighboring provinces is too low or too high, it has little\u0000effect on the improvement of the energy resilience level of the province; when\u0000the energy resilience level of neighboring provinces is 1-1.4, it has a\u0000positive spatial correlation with the energy resilience level of the province,\u0000and the synergistic development of the provinces can improve the energy\u0000resilience level together.(4)GDP, the number of employees, the number of\u0000employees enrolled in basic pension and medical insurance, and the number of\u0000patent applications in high-tech industries have a more significant impact on\u0000China's energy resilience, while China's energy resilience is affected by the\u0000interaction of multiple factors.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies how religious competition, as measured by the emergence of religious organizations with innovative worship styles and cultural practices, impacts domestic violence. Using data from Colombia, the study estimates a two-way fixed-effects model and reveals that the establishment of the first non-Catholic church in a predominantly Catholic municipality leads to a significant decrease in reported cases of domestic violence. This effect persists in the long run, indicating that religious competition introduces values and practices that discourage domestic violence, such as household stability and reduced male dominance. Additionally, the effect is more pronounced in municipalities with less clustered social networks, suggesting the diffusion of these values and practices through social connections. This research contributes to the understanding of how culture influences domestic violence, emphasizing the role of religious competition as a catalyst for cultural change.
{"title":"Religious Competition, Culture and Domestic Violence: Evidence from Colombia","authors":"Hector Galindo-Silva, Guy Tchuente","doi":"arxiv-2311.10831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.10831","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies how religious competition, as measured by the emergence of\u0000religious organizations with innovative worship styles and cultural practices,\u0000impacts domestic violence. Using data from Colombia, the study estimates a\u0000two-way fixed-effects model and reveals that the establishment of the first\u0000non-Catholic church in a predominantly Catholic municipality leads to a\u0000significant decrease in reported cases of domestic violence. This effect\u0000persists in the long run, indicating that religious competition introduces\u0000values and practices that discourage domestic violence, such as household\u0000stability and reduced male dominance. Additionally, the effect is more\u0000pronounced in municipalities with less clustered social networks, suggesting\u0000the diffusion of these values and practices through social connections. This\u0000research contributes to the understanding of how culture influences domestic\u0000violence, emphasizing the role of religious competition as a catalyst for\u0000cultural change.","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138534979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ethical imperative for technology should be first, do no harm. But digital innovations like AI and social media increasingly enable societal harms, from bias to misinformation. As these technologies grow ubiquitous, we need solutions to address unintended consequences. This report proposes a model to incentivize developers to prevent foreseeable algorithmic harms. It does this by expanding negligence and product liability laws. Digital product developers would be incentivized to mitigate potential algorithmic risks before deployment to protect themselves and investors. Standards and penalties would be set proportional to harm. Insurers would require harm mitigation during development in order to obtain coverage. This shifts tech ethics from move fast and break things to first, do no harm. Details would need careful refinement between stakeholders to enact reasonable guardrails without stifling innovation. Policy and harm prevention frameworks would likely evolve over time. Similar accountability schemes have helped address workplace, environmental, and product safety. Introducing algorithmic harm negligence liability would acknowledge the real societal costs of unethical tech. The timing is right for reform. This proposal provides a model to steer the digital revolution toward human rights and dignity. Harm prevention must be prioritized over reckless growth. Vigorous liability policies are essential to stop technologists from breaking things
{"title":"First, Do No Harm: Algorithms, AI, and Digital Product Liability","authors":"Marc J. Pfeiffer","doi":"arxiv-2311.10861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.10861","url":null,"abstract":"The ethical imperative for technology should be first, do no harm. But\u0000digital innovations like AI and social media increasingly enable societal\u0000harms, from bias to misinformation. As these technologies grow ubiquitous, we\u0000need solutions to address unintended consequences. This report proposes a model\u0000to incentivize developers to prevent foreseeable algorithmic harms. It does\u0000this by expanding negligence and product liability laws. Digital product\u0000developers would be incentivized to mitigate potential algorithmic risks before\u0000deployment to protect themselves and investors. Standards and penalties would\u0000be set proportional to harm. Insurers would require harm mitigation during\u0000development in order to obtain coverage. This shifts tech ethics from move fast\u0000and break things to first, do no harm. Details would need careful refinement\u0000between stakeholders to enact reasonable guardrails without stifling\u0000innovation. Policy and harm prevention frameworks would likely evolve over\u0000time. Similar accountability schemes have helped address workplace,\u0000environmental, and product safety. Introducing algorithmic harm negligence\u0000liability would acknowledge the real societal costs of unethical tech. The\u0000timing is right for reform. This proposal provides a model to steer the digital\u0000revolution toward human rights and dignity. Harm prevention must be prioritized\u0000over reckless growth. Vigorous liability policies are essential to stop\u0000technologists from breaking things","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the evolution of population density across Italian municipalities on the based of their trajectories in the Moran space. We find evidence of spatial dynamical patterns of concentrated urban growth, urban sprawl, agglomeration, and depopulation. Over the long run, three distinct settlement systems emerge: urban, suburban, and rural. We discuss how estimating these demographic trends at the municipal level can help the design and validation of policies contrasting the socio-economic decline in specific Italian areas, as in the case of the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne, SNAI).
{"title":"Unveiling spatial patterns of population in Italian municipalities","authors":"Davide Fiaschi, Angela Parenti, Cristiano Ricci","doi":"arxiv-2311.10520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2311.10520","url":null,"abstract":"We study the evolution of population density across Italian municipalities on\u0000the based of their trajectories in the Moran space. We find evidence of spatial\u0000dynamical patterns of concentrated urban growth, urban sprawl, agglomeration,\u0000and depopulation. Over the long run, three distinct settlement systems emerge:\u0000urban, suburban, and rural. We discuss how estimating these demographic trends\u0000at the municipal level can help the design and validation of policies\u0000contrasting the socio-economic decline in specific Italian areas, as in the\u0000case of the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (Strategia Nazionale per\u0000le Aree Interne, SNAI).","PeriodicalId":501487,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuantFin - Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138535093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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