首页 > 最新文献

Journal of Laser Applications最新文献

英文 中文
Elucidating the effect of circular and tailing laser beam shapes on keyhole necking and porosity formation during laser beam welding of aluminum 1060 using a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics approach 用多物理场计算流体动力学方法研究了圆形和尾形激光束形状对1060铝合金激光焊接过程中锁眼颈缩和气孔形成的影响
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001150
Qamar Hayat, Pasquale Franciosa, Giovanni Chianese, Anand Mohan, Dariusz Ceglarek, Alexander Griffiths, Christopher Harris
In the attempt to produce lighter battery packs at a lower cost, replacing common copper parts with aluminum components has been a popular approach in recent years. With regard to joining technologies, there is a growing interest in applying laser beam welding in battery pack manufacturing due to several advantages such as single-sided and noncontact access while maintaining a narrow heat-affected zone. Motivated by the need to control and reduce weld porosity in AA1060 battery busbar welding with the ultimate goal to enhance durability and reduce electrical resistance, this paper has been developed with the aim to studying the effect of laser beam shaping on porosity formation and, hence, generate knowledge about the underlying physics of the welding process itself. First, a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics model has been developed and calibrated to experimental data; then, the model has been deployed to study the effect of both circular and tailing beam shapes on melt pool dynamics and the evolution of porosity due to the instability of the keyhole. The study elucidated the importance of the keyhole’s necking on porosity formation. Findings showed that the tail beam shapes, compared to the circular spot, have a pronounced effect on the reduction of the necking effect of the keyhole—this helps to reduce number of collapsing events of the keyhole itself, thereby leading to the reduction of porosity formation.
为了以更低的成本生产更轻的电池组,近年来用铝组件代替常见的铜部件一直是一种流行的方法。在连接技术方面,由于具有单面和非接触式连接,同时保持狭窄的热影响区等优点,人们对将激光束焊接应用于电池组制造越来越感兴趣。为了控制和减少AA1060电池母线焊接中的焊缝孔隙率,最终达到提高耐久性和降低电阻的目的,本文的目的是研究激光束整形对孔隙率形成的影响,从而产生关于焊接过程本身的潜在物理知识。首先,建立了一个多物理场计算流体动力学模型,并根据实验数据进行了校准;然后,利用该模型研究了圆梁和尾梁两种形状对熔池动力学的影响以及锁孔不稳定导致的孔隙度演化。研究阐明了锁孔颈度对孔隙度形成的重要性。研究结果表明,与圆点相比,尾梁形状对减小锁孔颈缩效应有显著的影响,这有助于减少锁孔本身的坍塌事件数量,从而减少孔隙形成。
{"title":"Elucidating the effect of circular and tailing laser beam shapes on keyhole necking and porosity formation during laser beam welding of aluminum 1060 using a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics approach","authors":"Qamar Hayat, Pasquale Franciosa, Giovanni Chianese, Anand Mohan, Dariusz Ceglarek, Alexander Griffiths, Christopher Harris","doi":"10.2351/7.0001150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001150","url":null,"abstract":"In the attempt to produce lighter battery packs at a lower cost, replacing common copper parts with aluminum components has been a popular approach in recent years. With regard to joining technologies, there is a growing interest in applying laser beam welding in battery pack manufacturing due to several advantages such as single-sided and noncontact access while maintaining a narrow heat-affected zone. Motivated by the need to control and reduce weld porosity in AA1060 battery busbar welding with the ultimate goal to enhance durability and reduce electrical resistance, this paper has been developed with the aim to studying the effect of laser beam shaping on porosity formation and, hence, generate knowledge about the underlying physics of the welding process itself. First, a multiphysics computational fluid dynamics model has been developed and calibrated to experimental data; then, the model has been deployed to study the effect of both circular and tailing beam shapes on melt pool dynamics and the evolution of porosity due to the instability of the keyhole. The study elucidated the importance of the keyhole’s necking on porosity formation. Findings showed that the tail beam shapes, compared to the circular spot, have a pronounced effect on the reduction of the necking effect of the keyhole—this helps to reduce number of collapsing events of the keyhole itself, thereby leading to the reduction of porosity formation.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High repetition ultrafast laser ablation of graphite and silicon/graphite composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries 锂离子电池用石墨和硅/石墨复合电极的高重复超快激光烧蚀
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001180
Alexandra Meyer, Yannic Sterzl, Wilhelm Pfleging
Laser structuring can be applied to composite electrodes of lithium-ion cells to enhance wetting and to facilitate the usage of thick-film electrodes by reducing the lithium-ion diffusion overpotential and the tortuosity of the electrodes or the usage of electrodes containing silicon, where additional porosity is required to compensate the volume expansion during lithium de-/insertion. To integrate the additional laser processing step in the well-established electrode manufacturing route, the laser processing speed must be significantly increased to match with the belt speed, which is dependent on the electrode thickness and the type of manufacturing route. Upscaling can be realized by increasing the average laser power, laser intensity, and/or laser repetition rate. Here, an ultrashort pulsed laser source with an average power of 300 W and a pulse duration of 600 fs was applied. For the first time, the presented research provides detailed laser ablation processing data for thick-film composite anodes associated with high repetition rates ranging from 4.9 to 48.8 MHz. The patterning results are compared depending on the widths, depths, aspect ratios, the total appearance regarding debris and cracks, and the volume ablation rate. In high repetition rate laser patterning, the subsequent laser pulses interact with the material vapor plasma generated by the previous laser pulses, resulting in lower ablation depths and higher ablation widths. The increase in laser peak intensity leads to higher achievable ablation depths. Processing strategies are identified for two different ablation scenarios focusing on the pouch cells of a Volkswagen ID.3 and the Tesla 4680 cell.
激光结构可以应用于锂离子电池的复合电极,通过减少锂离子扩散过电位和电极的弯曲度来增强润湿性,并促进厚膜电极的使用,或者使用含硅电极,其中需要额外的孔隙度来补偿锂脱/插入过程中的体积膨胀。为了在已确定的电极制造路线中集成额外的激光加工步骤,必须显著提高激光加工速度以匹配皮带速度,而皮带速度取决于电极厚度和制造路线的类型。升级可以通过增加平均激光功率、激光强度和/或激光重复率来实现。本文采用平均功率为300 W、脉冲持续时间为600 fs的超短脉冲激光源。该研究首次为厚膜复合阳极提供了详细的激光烧蚀加工数据,其高重复频率范围为4.9至48.8 MHz。根据宽度、深度、纵横比、碎屑和裂纹的总体外观以及体积烧蚀率对图案化结果进行比较。在高重复频率的激光图形中,后续的激光脉冲与前一个激光脉冲产生的材料蒸汽等离子体相互作用,导致更低的烧蚀深度和更高的烧蚀宽度。激光峰值强度的增加导致更高的可实现烧蚀深度。针对大众ID.3和特斯拉4680电池的袋式电池,确定了两种不同烧蚀方案的处理策略。
{"title":"High repetition ultrafast laser ablation of graphite and silicon/graphite composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Alexandra Meyer, Yannic Sterzl, Wilhelm Pfleging","doi":"10.2351/7.0001180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001180","url":null,"abstract":"Laser structuring can be applied to composite electrodes of lithium-ion cells to enhance wetting and to facilitate the usage of thick-film electrodes by reducing the lithium-ion diffusion overpotential and the tortuosity of the electrodes or the usage of electrodes containing silicon, where additional porosity is required to compensate the volume expansion during lithium de-/insertion. To integrate the additional laser processing step in the well-established electrode manufacturing route, the laser processing speed must be significantly increased to match with the belt speed, which is dependent on the electrode thickness and the type of manufacturing route. Upscaling can be realized by increasing the average laser power, laser intensity, and/or laser repetition rate. Here, an ultrashort pulsed laser source with an average power of 300 W and a pulse duration of 600 fs was applied. For the first time, the presented research provides detailed laser ablation processing data for thick-film composite anodes associated with high repetition rates ranging from 4.9 to 48.8 MHz. The patterning results are compared depending on the widths, depths, aspect ratios, the total appearance regarding debris and cracks, and the volume ablation rate. In high repetition rate laser patterning, the subsequent laser pulses interact with the material vapor plasma generated by the previous laser pulses, resulting in lower ablation depths and higher ablation widths. The increase in laser peak intensity leads to higher achievable ablation depths. Processing strategies are identified for two different ablation scenarios focusing on the pouch cells of a Volkswagen ID.3 and the Tesla 4680 cell.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ultra-short pulsed laser processing of single crystalline diamonds for tooling applications 刀具单晶金刚石的超短脉冲激光加工
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001159
Kiran Michael, Lukas Greiner, Philip Dreizehnter, Jodok Weixler, Matthias Putzer, Timo Schudeleit, Markus Bambach, Konrad Wegener
This study investigates the feasibility of using ultra-short pulsed (USP) lasers to fabricate single crystalline diamond (SCD) tools. SCD has exceptional mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties and offers excellent performance in the precision machining of hard and brittle materials over polycrystalline diamond and diamond-coated tools. However, the anisotropic nature of the SCD makes it difficult for laser machining because the material shows susceptibility to cracking, defect growth, and breakout depending on its crystallographic orientation. Anisotropy needs to be considered while optimizing the geometry of the tool to minimize wear and improve tool performance. An advanced four-axis laser machining approach with optimized laser parameters and temporal beam shaping is used to mitigate challenges related to defect growth and orientation dependence, leading to the production of high-quality single cutting-edge SCD tools. Cylindrical diamonds and diamond crystals with top surface planes {100} and {111} are used in the study. The occurrence of defects in the diamond when laser machined and their dependence on the crystallographic orientation along the circumference of the diamond is thoroughly investigated via SEM, electron backscatter diffraction, and light microscopy images. Finally, the laser-manufactured SCD tools are tested by turning fully sintered zirconia ceramics (3Y-TZP-A). USP laser machining of SCD is demonstrated to be a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing methods for producing high-quality SCD tools with unique properties and performance. The results further emphasize the importance of understanding the crystallographic orientation dependence when laser machining crystalline materials like diamonds.
本研究探讨了利用超短脉冲(USP)激光制造单晶金刚石(SCD)刀具的可行性。SCD具有卓越的机械、摩擦学和热性能,在硬脆材料的精密加工中,比聚晶金刚石和金刚石涂层工具提供了卓越的性能。然而,SCD的各向异性使得激光加工变得困难,因为材料显示出对裂纹、缺陷生长和破裂的敏感性,这取决于其晶体取向。在优化刀具几何形状时,需要考虑各向异性,以尽量减少磨损并提高刀具性能。采用先进的四轴激光加工方法,优化激光参数和时间光束整形,以减轻与缺陷生长和方向依赖相关的挑战,从而生产出高质量的单件尖端SCD刀具。研究中使用了顶面为{100}和{111}的圆柱形金刚石和金刚石晶体。通过扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射和光学显微图像,深入研究了激光加工金刚石中缺陷的发生及其与金刚石周长晶体取向的关系。最后,通过车削完全烧结的氧化锆陶瓷(3Y-TZP-A)来测试激光制造的SCD工具。USP激光加工SCD被证明是一种可行的替代传统制造方法,以生产具有独特性能和性能的高质量SCD刀具。研究结果进一步强调了在激光加工金刚石等晶体材料时,了解晶体取向依赖性的重要性。
{"title":"Ultra-short pulsed laser processing of single crystalline diamonds for tooling applications","authors":"Kiran Michael, Lukas Greiner, Philip Dreizehnter, Jodok Weixler, Matthias Putzer, Timo Schudeleit, Markus Bambach, Konrad Wegener","doi":"10.2351/7.0001159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001159","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the feasibility of using ultra-short pulsed (USP) lasers to fabricate single crystalline diamond (SCD) tools. SCD has exceptional mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties and offers excellent performance in the precision machining of hard and brittle materials over polycrystalline diamond and diamond-coated tools. However, the anisotropic nature of the SCD makes it difficult for laser machining because the material shows susceptibility to cracking, defect growth, and breakout depending on its crystallographic orientation. Anisotropy needs to be considered while optimizing the geometry of the tool to minimize wear and improve tool performance. An advanced four-axis laser machining approach with optimized laser parameters and temporal beam shaping is used to mitigate challenges related to defect growth and orientation dependence, leading to the production of high-quality single cutting-edge SCD tools. Cylindrical diamonds and diamond crystals with top surface planes {100} and {111} are used in the study. The occurrence of defects in the diamond when laser machined and their dependence on the crystallographic orientation along the circumference of the diamond is thoroughly investigated via SEM, electron backscatter diffraction, and light microscopy images. Finally, the laser-manufactured SCD tools are tested by turning fully sintered zirconia ceramics (3Y-TZP-A). USP laser machining of SCD is demonstrated to be a viable alternative to traditional manufacturing methods for producing high-quality SCD tools with unique properties and performance. The results further emphasize the importance of understanding the crystallographic orientation dependence when laser machining crystalline materials like diamonds.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135967751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of the ABA cladding technique to a wire based laser cladding process ABA熔覆技术在金属丝基激光熔覆工艺中的应用
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001115
Laura Budde, Nick Schwarz, Jörg Hermsdorf, Stefan Kaierle, Ludger Overmeyer
In this study, the application of the ABA cladding strategy in coaxial wire-based cladding processes is investigated. Individual weld seams (A) are first welded on the substrate and additional weld seams (B) are deposited into the intermediate spaces in the second step. Thereby, two different seam geometries are present in the cladding. Unidirectional AAA and ABA claddings are generated using laser hot-wire cladding and analyzed with respect to the quality criteria height, waviness, degree of dilution, and defects. Three different welding parameter sets are used to consider the effect of the contact angle on the applicability of the ABA cladding strategy. When the same process parameters and seam-to-seam offsets are used for the ABA cladding, as for the AAA cladding, the B weld seams are higher than the A weld seams and an uneven ridged cladding surface is present. Two approaches to solving this problem are considered. The cross-sectional area of the B weld seams is reduced by adjusting the welding speeds or an increase in the seam-to-seam offset. Both measures result in a significant reduction in waviness of 30%–58% compared to the AAA cladding. However, lack of fusion defects occurs more frequently at the deposition regime of the B weld seams. It was, therefore, necessary to adjust the process parameters for weld seam B.
在本研究中,研究了ABA包覆策略在同轴线材包覆工艺中的应用。首先将单个焊缝(A)焊接在基板上,并在第二步中将附加焊缝(B)沉积到中间空间中。因此,在包层中存在两种不同的接缝几何形状。使用激光热线熔覆技术生成单向AAA和ABA熔覆层,并根据质量标准高度、波纹度、稀释程度和缺陷进行分析。采用三种不同的焊接参数集来考虑接触角对ABA熔覆策略适用性的影响。当采用相同的工艺参数和焊缝间偏移量进行ABA熔覆时,与AAA熔覆相比,B焊缝高于A焊缝,且熔覆面呈不均匀的脊状。考虑了解决这个问题的两种方法。B焊缝的横截面积可通过调整焊接速度或增加焊缝间的偏移量来减小。与AAA包层相比,这两种方法都能显著降低30%-58%的波浪度。然而,在B焊缝沉积区,缺乏熔合缺陷发生的频率更高。因此,有必要调整焊缝B的工艺参数。
{"title":"Application of the ABA cladding technique to a wire based laser cladding process","authors":"Laura Budde, Nick Schwarz, Jörg Hermsdorf, Stefan Kaierle, Ludger Overmeyer","doi":"10.2351/7.0001115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001115","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the application of the ABA cladding strategy in coaxial wire-based cladding processes is investigated. Individual weld seams (A) are first welded on the substrate and additional weld seams (B) are deposited into the intermediate spaces in the second step. Thereby, two different seam geometries are present in the cladding. Unidirectional AAA and ABA claddings are generated using laser hot-wire cladding and analyzed with respect to the quality criteria height, waviness, degree of dilution, and defects. Three different welding parameter sets are used to consider the effect of the contact angle on the applicability of the ABA cladding strategy. When the same process parameters and seam-to-seam offsets are used for the ABA cladding, as for the AAA cladding, the B weld seams are higher than the A weld seams and an uneven ridged cladding surface is present. Two approaches to solving this problem are considered. The cross-sectional area of the B weld seams is reduced by adjusting the welding speeds or an increase in the seam-to-seam offset. Both measures result in a significant reduction in waviness of 30%–58% compared to the AAA cladding. However, lack of fusion defects occurs more frequently at the deposition regime of the B weld seams. It was, therefore, necessary to adjust the process parameters for weld seam B.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Processability of thin-powdered Inconel X750 and TiC metal matrix composite by laser-directed energy deposition 激光定向能沉积制备薄粉末Inconel X750和TiC金属基复合材料的可加工性
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001134
Adriano de Souza Pinto Pereira, Jhonattan Gutjahr, Milton Pereira, Ulrich Tetzlaff, Márcio Celso Fredel
The processability of pure Inconel X750 and Inconel X750 mixed with 15 vol. % of titanium carbide particulate through laser-directed energy deposition (l-DED) was evaluated. The powders used had a particle size in a range unusual to l-DED processing (0.18–24.05 μm); this case study presents difficulties in processing thin quadri-modal powder and describes possible measures to mitigate them, while also reporting, likely for the first time, on the l-DED processing of Inconel X750 and such related metal matrix composite (MMC). The choice in reinforcement particle size and composition aimed for a reduction in material density and insertion of additional reinforcement mechanisms. Both powders used were analyzed in an FT4 rheometer and compared to reference Inconel 625 powder. l-DED was made viable, but results show that the powders tested here represent a lower limit for the rheological properties accepted by usual l-DED systems. A methodology to quantify the stability of a given processing condition is presented and validated, also indicating that low powder flows are recommended when processing powders of this sort. Inconel X750 demonstrated sensibility to oxidation during processing as depletion of Al and Ti was detected in the deposits. Neither the MMC nor the pure material cracked or showed excessive porosity.
采用激光定向能沉积法(l-DED)评价了纯Inconel X750和掺15vol . %碳化钛颗粒的Inconel X750的可加工性。所使用的粉末的粒径范围与l-DED工艺不同(0.18-24.05 μm);本案例研究提出了加工薄四模态粉末的困难,并描述了缓解这些困难的可能措施,同时也可能是第一次报道了Inconel X750和相关金属基复合材料(MMC)的l-DED加工。在增强颗粒大小和组成的选择旨在减少材料密度和插入额外的增强机制。使用的两种粉末在FT4流变仪中进行了分析,并与参考Inconel 625粉末进行了比较。l-DED是可行的,但结果表明,这里测试的粉末代表了通常l-DED系统所接受的流变性能的下限。提出并验证了一种量化给定加工条件稳定性的方法,也表明在加工这类粉末时建议采用低粉末流量。Inconel X750在加工过程中表现出对氧化的敏感性,因为在沉积物中检测到Al和Ti的耗尽。MMC和纯材料均未出现裂纹或过度孔隙。
{"title":"Processability of thin-powdered Inconel X750 and TiC metal matrix composite by laser-directed energy deposition","authors":"Adriano de Souza Pinto Pereira, Jhonattan Gutjahr, Milton Pereira, Ulrich Tetzlaff, Márcio Celso Fredel","doi":"10.2351/7.0001134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001134","url":null,"abstract":"The processability of pure Inconel X750 and Inconel X750 mixed with 15 vol. % of titanium carbide particulate through laser-directed energy deposition (l-DED) was evaluated. The powders used had a particle size in a range unusual to l-DED processing (0.18–24.05 μm); this case study presents difficulties in processing thin quadri-modal powder and describes possible measures to mitigate them, while also reporting, likely for the first time, on the l-DED processing of Inconel X750 and such related metal matrix composite (MMC). The choice in reinforcement particle size and composition aimed for a reduction in material density and insertion of additional reinforcement mechanisms. Both powders used were analyzed in an FT4 rheometer and compared to reference Inconel 625 powder. l-DED was made viable, but results show that the powders tested here represent a lower limit for the rheological properties accepted by usual l-DED systems. A methodology to quantify the stability of a given processing condition is presented and validated, also indicating that low powder flows are recommended when processing powders of this sort. Inconel X750 demonstrated sensibility to oxidation during processing as depletion of Al and Ti was detected in the deposits. Neither the MMC nor the pure material cracked or showed excessive porosity.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental evaluation of poly methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene transmission welding using mold-integrated simultaneous laser welding technology 采用模具集成同步激光焊接技术进行聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯传输焊接的实验评价
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001144
Woo-In Choo, Yoo-Eun Lee, Sungbin Im, Minsun Oh, Dongchoul Kim, Dong Hyuck Kam
Automotive lamps have not only functional roles but also highly esthetic purposes in the design of a car. As such, they use complex three-dimensional shapes to implement various designs. The main manufacturing challenge comes from the plastic bonding process of the complex components, which currently is done by thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, and laser welding. Laser welding processes with a narrow joint area are preferred since they require minimal joint area and produce no burr. In this study, an optimization study for simultaneous bonding of lamps is carried out using multiple light sources generated by connecting specially manufactured bundle optical fibers with a diode laser source. The diode laser beams with a wavelength of 915 nm and a power of 80 W, each, were simultaneously delivered through a 30-optical fibers bundle. The fibers were integrated within the mold that holds the lamp achieving transmission welding through the overlapped upper transparent polymer PMMA (IF850) and the lower nontransparent polymer ABS (HL121H). The process parameters investigated were the laser power, duration time, waveguide gap, and clamping pressure. We present optimized process parameters that achieved no pores and relatively uniform melting. In the shear test, the average load was approximately 1300 N, and the base sheet fractures along the welding joints were observed.
汽车灯具在汽车设计中不仅具有功能性作用,而且具有高度的审美目的。因此,他们使用复杂的三维形状来实现各种设计。主要的制造挑战来自于复杂部件的塑料粘接工艺,目前主要是通过热粘接、超声波粘接和激光焊接来完成。窄接头区域的激光焊接工艺是首选的,因为它们需要最小的接头面积,并且不会产生毛刺。在本研究中,利用特制的束状光纤与二极管激光源连接产生的多个光源,对灯的同时键合进行了优化研究。波长为915 nm,功率为80 W的二极管激光束通过30根光纤束同时传输。纤维被集成在固定灯的模具内,通过重叠的上部透明聚合物PMMA (IF850)和下部不透明聚合物ABS (HL121H)实现传输焊接。研究了激光功率、持续时间、波导间隙和夹紧压力等工艺参数。我们提出了优化的工艺参数,实现了无气孔和相对均匀的熔化。剪切试验中,平均荷载约为1300 N,基片沿焊缝方向出现断裂。
{"title":"Experimental evaluation of poly methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene transmission welding using mold-integrated simultaneous laser welding technology","authors":"Woo-In Choo, Yoo-Eun Lee, Sungbin Im, Minsun Oh, Dongchoul Kim, Dong Hyuck Kam","doi":"10.2351/7.0001144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001144","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive lamps have not only functional roles but also highly esthetic purposes in the design of a car. As such, they use complex three-dimensional shapes to implement various designs. The main manufacturing challenge comes from the plastic bonding process of the complex components, which currently is done by thermal bonding, ultrasonic bonding, and laser welding. Laser welding processes with a narrow joint area are preferred since they require minimal joint area and produce no burr. In this study, an optimization study for simultaneous bonding of lamps is carried out using multiple light sources generated by connecting specially manufactured bundle optical fibers with a diode laser source. The diode laser beams with a wavelength of 915 nm and a power of 80 W, each, were simultaneously delivered through a 30-optical fibers bundle. The fibers were integrated within the mold that holds the lamp achieving transmission welding through the overlapped upper transparent polymer PMMA (IF850) and the lower nontransparent polymer ABS (HL121H). The process parameters investigated were the laser power, duration time, waveguide gap, and clamping pressure. We present optimized process parameters that achieved no pores and relatively uniform melting. In the shear test, the average load was approximately 1300 N, and the base sheet fractures along the welding joints were observed.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of single track clad quality in laser metal deposition using dissimilar materials: Comparison of machine learning-based approaches 不同材料激光金属沉积中单轨包层质量的预测:基于机器学习方法的比较
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001108
Pascal Paulus, Yannick Ruppert, Michael Vielhaber, Juergen Griebsch
Powder-based laser metal deposition (LMD) offers a promising additive manufacturing process, given the large number of available materials for cladding or generative applications. In laser cladding of dissimilar materials, it is necessary to control the mixing of substrate and additive in the interaction zone to ensure safe metallurgical bonding while avoiding critical chemical compositions that lead to undesired phase precipitation. However, the generation of empirical data for LMD process development is very challenging and time-consuming. In this context, different machine learning models are examined to identify whether they can converge with a small amount of empirical data. In this work, the prediction accuracy of back propagation neural network (BPNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was compared using mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). A hyperparameter optimization was performed for each model. The materials used are 316L as the substrate and VDM Alloy 780 as the additive. The dataset used consists of 40 empirically determined values. The input parameters are laser power, feed rate, and powder mass flow rate. The quality characteristics of height, width, dilution, Fe-amount, and seam contour are defined as outputs. As a result, the predictions were compared with retained validation data and described as MSE and MAPE to determine the prediction accuracy for the models. BPNN achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.0072 MSE and 4.37% MAPE and XGBoost of 0.0084 MSE and 6.34% MAPE. The most accurate prediction was achieved by LSTM with 0.0053 MSE and 3.75% MAPE.
粉末基激光金属沉积(LMD)提供了一种很有前途的增材制造工艺,因为有大量可用的材料用于包层或生成应用。在异种材料激光熔覆过程中,必须控制基体和添加剂在相互作用区内的混合,以确保安全的冶金熔接,同时避免导致不良相析出的关键化学成分。然而,为LMD工艺开发生成经验数据是非常具有挑战性和耗时的。在这种情况下,检查不同的机器学习模型,以确定它们是否可以与少量经验数据收敛。在这项工作中,使用均方误差(MSE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)比较了反向传播神经网络(BPNN)、长短期记忆(LSTM)和极端梯度增强(XGBoost)的预测精度。对每个模型进行超参数优化。所采用的材料是316L作为基体,VDM Alloy 780作为添加剂。使用的数据集由40个经验确定的值组成。输入参数为激光功率、进给速率和粉末质量流量。将高度、宽度、贫化度、铁量、煤层轮廓等质量特征定义为产出。结果,将预测结果与保留的验证数据进行比较,并将其描述为MSE和MAPE,以确定模型的预测精度。BPNN的预测精度为0.0072 MSE和4.37% MAPE, XGBoost的预测精度为0.0084 MSE和6.34% MAPE。LSTM预测最准确,MSE为0.0053,MAPE为3.75%。
{"title":"Prediction of single track clad quality in laser metal deposition using dissimilar materials: Comparison of machine learning-based approaches","authors":"Pascal Paulus, Yannick Ruppert, Michael Vielhaber, Juergen Griebsch","doi":"10.2351/7.0001108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001108","url":null,"abstract":"Powder-based laser metal deposition (LMD) offers a promising additive manufacturing process, given the large number of available materials for cladding or generative applications. In laser cladding of dissimilar materials, it is necessary to control the mixing of substrate and additive in the interaction zone to ensure safe metallurgical bonding while avoiding critical chemical compositions that lead to undesired phase precipitation. However, the generation of empirical data for LMD process development is very challenging and time-consuming. In this context, different machine learning models are examined to identify whether they can converge with a small amount of empirical data. In this work, the prediction accuracy of back propagation neural network (BPNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) was compared using mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). A hyperparameter optimization was performed for each model. The materials used are 316L as the substrate and VDM Alloy 780 as the additive. The dataset used consists of 40 empirically determined values. The input parameters are laser power, feed rate, and powder mass flow rate. The quality characteristics of height, width, dilution, Fe-amount, and seam contour are defined as outputs. As a result, the predictions were compared with retained validation data and described as MSE and MAPE to determine the prediction accuracy for the models. BPNN achieved a prediction accuracy of 0.0072 MSE and 4.37% MAPE and XGBoost of 0.0084 MSE and 6.34% MAPE. The most accurate prediction was achieved by LSTM with 0.0053 MSE and 3.75% MAPE.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135696500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimization of micropore fabrication on the surface of ultrathick polyimide film based on picosecond UV laser 基于皮秒紫外激光的超厚聚酰亚胺膜表面微孔制备优化
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001070
Haixing Liu, Jie Xu, Haojian He, Chao Wu, Jing Liu, Xiuquan He, Xizhao Wang
Micropores fabricated on organic polymer films have a wide range of applications in fields such as microfiltration, new energy, and biomedical separation. The use of laser processing technology can complete the processing of micropores on the surface of ultrathin films with high precision, but there is still some difficulty in the processing of ultrathick films. In this paper, a picosecond ultraviolet (UV) laser was used to explore the high-precision manufacturing process of micropores on the surface of ultrathick polyimide (PI) films. The effects of laser power, laser frequency, and scanning speed on the cone angle and spatter deposition area of micropores’ fabrication on ultrathick PI were studied based on orthogonal experiments. The mechanism of processing micropores on ultrathick PI was analyzed by studying the deposition area and morphology of the spatter generated during the laser ablation process. It was found that high-quality micropores can be fabricated at low laser frequency and high power.
在有机聚合物薄膜上制备微孔在微过滤、新能源、生物医学分离等领域有着广泛的应用。利用激光加工技术可以高精度地完成超薄薄膜表面微孔的加工,但超厚薄膜的加工仍然存在一定的困难。本文利用皮秒紫外激光对超厚聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜表面微孔的高精度制造工艺进行了研究。采用正交实验法研究了激光功率、激光频率和扫描速度对超厚PI微孔制备的锥角和溅射沉积面积的影响。通过研究激光烧蚀过程中溅射物的沉积面积和形貌,分析了超厚PI表面微孔的形成机理。研究发现,在低激光频率和高激光功率下,可以制备出高质量的微孔。
{"title":"Optimization of micropore fabrication on the surface of ultrathick polyimide film based on picosecond UV laser","authors":"Haixing Liu, Jie Xu, Haojian He, Chao Wu, Jing Liu, Xiuquan He, Xizhao Wang","doi":"10.2351/7.0001070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001070","url":null,"abstract":"Micropores fabricated on organic polymer films have a wide range of applications in fields such as microfiltration, new energy, and biomedical separation. The use of laser processing technology can complete the processing of micropores on the surface of ultrathin films with high precision, but there is still some difficulty in the processing of ultrathick films. In this paper, a picosecond ultraviolet (UV) laser was used to explore the high-precision manufacturing process of micropores on the surface of ultrathick polyimide (PI) films. The effects of laser power, laser frequency, and scanning speed on the cone angle and spatter deposition area of micropores’ fabrication on ultrathick PI were studied based on orthogonal experiments. The mechanism of processing micropores on ultrathick PI was analyzed by studying the deposition area and morphology of the spatter generated during the laser ablation process. It was found that high-quality micropores can be fabricated at low laser frequency and high power.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the laser-induced plume on welding behavior in keyhole welding for stainless steel using a 16 kW disk laser 激光诱导羽流对16kw圆盘激光不锈钢锁孔焊接性能的影响
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001173
Yoshiaki Kurita, Yuji Sato, Shumpei Fujio, Masami Mizutani, Masahiro Tsukamoto
The spatter is one of the defect factors for laser welding. For high-quality laser welding, the elucidation of the spatter reduction mechanism is required. In our previous study, it was elucidated that the molten pool and keyhole fluctuation contribute to spatter generation from the observation of the keyhole and molten pool under different ambient pressure conditions. However, the main cause of the instability of the molten pool and keyhole has not been clarified. It is considered that the interaction between the laser and plume might cause these instabilities. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the plume generated by laser irradiation. The dynamics of the plume during laser welding and the attenuation of the laser were observed under different ambient pressures. According to these observations, the effect of the plume on instability in laser welding was elucidated. The SS304 was fixed in the vacuum chamber, and the disk laser with an output power of 6 kW swept on the sample to form the weld bead. At the same time, the plume behavior was observed by the Schlieren method, and the attenuation of the laser was measured using a probe laser. As a result, the metal vapor jet, which is a periodical plume ejection, was observed. The attenuation of the probe laser increased with increasing atmospheric pressure. These results suggest that the frequent generation of the metal vapor jet under atmospheric pressure caused instability in the heat input of the laser, which caused instability in the keyhole and molten pool.
飞溅是激光焊接的缺陷因素之一。为了实现高质量的激光焊接,需要对溅射减少机理进行阐明。在我们之前的研究中,通过对不同环境压力条件下的锁孔和熔池的观察,阐明了熔池和锁孔波动对溅射产生的影响。然而,造成熔池和锁孔不稳定的主要原因尚未明确。认为激光与羽流的相互作用可能是造成这些不稳定性的原因。因此,在本研究中,我们主要研究激光照射产生的羽流。在不同的环境压力下,观察了激光焊接过程中羽流的动力学和激光的衰减。根据这些观察结果,阐明了羽流对激光焊接不稳定性的影响。将SS304固定在真空室中,用输出功率为6kw的盘式激光器对试样进行扫射,形成焊头。同时,用纹影法观察了羽流的行为,用探针激光器测量了激光的衰减。结果,观测到了金属蒸汽喷射,这是一种周期性的羽流喷射。探测激光的衰减随大气压力的增加而增加。结果表明,常压下金属蒸汽射流的频繁产生导致激光热输入的不稳定,从而导致锁孔和熔池的不稳定。
{"title":"Influence of the laser-induced plume on welding behavior in keyhole welding for stainless steel using a 16 kW disk laser","authors":"Yoshiaki Kurita, Yuji Sato, Shumpei Fujio, Masami Mizutani, Masahiro Tsukamoto","doi":"10.2351/7.0001173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001173","url":null,"abstract":"The spatter is one of the defect factors for laser welding. For high-quality laser welding, the elucidation of the spatter reduction mechanism is required. In our previous study, it was elucidated that the molten pool and keyhole fluctuation contribute to spatter generation from the observation of the keyhole and molten pool under different ambient pressure conditions. However, the main cause of the instability of the molten pool and keyhole has not been clarified. It is considered that the interaction between the laser and plume might cause these instabilities. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the plume generated by laser irradiation. The dynamics of the plume during laser welding and the attenuation of the laser were observed under different ambient pressures. According to these observations, the effect of the plume on instability in laser welding was elucidated. The SS304 was fixed in the vacuum chamber, and the disk laser with an output power of 6 kW swept on the sample to form the weld bead. At the same time, the plume behavior was observed by the Schlieren method, and the attenuation of the laser was measured using a probe laser. As a result, the metal vapor jet, which is a periodical plume ejection, was observed. The attenuation of the probe laser increased with increasing atmospheric pressure. These results suggest that the frequent generation of the metal vapor jet under atmospheric pressure caused instability in the heat input of the laser, which caused instability in the keyhole and molten pool.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135739279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online source tracing of waste paper by smoke based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy 基于激光诱导击穿光谱的烟气在线追踪废纸源
4区 工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.2351/7.0001226
Ziang Chen, Ruoyu Zhai, Yuyao Cai, Yanpeng Ye, Zhongmou Sun, Yuzhu Liu
Paper is a widely used material and common recyclable household waste in waste disposal, which gets more attention nowadays for the misclassification of recyclable waste. In this work, an online source tracing system combined with machine learning algorithms to identify and classify the smoke of waste paper incineration based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was established. Four types of waste paper, including tissue, corrugated paper, printing paper, and newspaper, were taken as examples. The smoke of four different waste papers was detected by LIBS and then further analyzed. The detected spectra with C, N, O, Mg, Al, and Ca could hardly be distinguished artificially. The random forest algorithm and the linear discriminant analysis were introduced to classify the smoke, and its accuracy reached 95.83%. The results indicate that source tracing of waste paper can be realized by identifying and classifying the smoke via the developed system. This could provide some reference for helping us to monitor the effectiveness of waste classification and incineration and monitor the atmosphere pollution.
纸张是一种广泛使用的材料,也是垃圾处理中常见的可回收生活垃圾,目前对可回收垃圾的错误分类越来越受到人们的关注。本文基于激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术,建立了一种结合机器学习算法的在线源追踪系统,用于废纸焚烧烟气的识别和分类。以生活用纸、瓦楞纸、印刷纸、报纸等四种废纸为例。利用LIBS检测了四种不同废纸的烟气,并对其进行了分析。C、N、O、Mg、Al和Ca的检测光谱很难被人工分辨。引入随机森林算法和线性判别分析对烟雾进行分类,准确率达到95.83%。结果表明,利用所开发的系统对烟气进行识别和分类,可以实现废纸的源溯源。这可以为我们监测垃圾分类焚烧的有效性和监测大气污染提供一定的参考。
{"title":"Online source tracing of waste paper by smoke based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy","authors":"Ziang Chen, Ruoyu Zhai, Yuyao Cai, Yanpeng Ye, Zhongmou Sun, Yuzhu Liu","doi":"10.2351/7.0001226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001226","url":null,"abstract":"Paper is a widely used material and common recyclable household waste in waste disposal, which gets more attention nowadays for the misclassification of recyclable waste. In this work, an online source tracing system combined with machine learning algorithms to identify and classify the smoke of waste paper incineration based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was established. Four types of waste paper, including tissue, corrugated paper, printing paper, and newspaper, were taken as examples. The smoke of four different waste papers was detected by LIBS and then further analyzed. The detected spectra with C, N, O, Mg, Al, and Ca could hardly be distinguished artificially. The random forest algorithm and the linear discriminant analysis were introduced to classify the smoke, and its accuracy reached 95.83%. The results indicate that source tracing of waste paper can be realized by identifying and classifying the smoke via the developed system. This could provide some reference for helping us to monitor the effectiveness of waste classification and incineration and monitor the atmosphere pollution.","PeriodicalId":50168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Laser Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135738542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of Laser Applications
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1