Journal of Infection最新文献

英文中文

The epidemic pattern of a chikungunya outbreak in China exhibits a three-stage migratory trend 基孔肯雅热疫情在中国的流行模式表现为三个阶段的迁移趋势。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106646

Jiajia Zhang , Juncheng Cai , Changhai Liu , Marco Túlio Dos Santos Costa , Tao Ren , Libin Chen

引用次数: 0

Evolving pneumococcal epidemiology and vaccine impact in the Netherlands, 2004–2024: Carriage and invasive disease 2004-2024年荷兰肺炎球菌流行病学和疫苗影响的演变：传播和侵袭性疾病。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106658

Maurits T. Wulffraat , Nelleke G. van de Weijer , Alienke J. Wijmenga-Monsuur , Paul Badoux , Anneke Steens , Debbie Smit , Rob Mariman , Krzysztof P. Trzciński , Nina M. van Sorge , Nynke Y. Rots , Marianne A. van Houten

Objectives

Since pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were introduced into the Dutch childhood National Immunization Program in 2006, colonization and invasive disease of Streptococcus pneumoniae have declined, alongside shifts in serotype prevalence towards non-vaccine serotypes (NVTs). To monitor changes and estimate the added value of higher-valent PCVs, serotype-specific carriage, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and invasive disease potential were analyzed.

Methods

During the winters of 2018/2019 and 2022/2023 pneumococcal carriage was determined among 24-month-old children and parents, and compared to carriage studies from 2005 to 2016. IPD data from Dutch surveillance (2004–2024) were included. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using agglutination and Quellung. Serotype-specific disease potential determined as odds ratios (OR) for IPD versus carriage.

Results

Pneumococcal carriage in children decreased from 66% in 2005 to 49% in 2018/2019 and 46% in 2022/2023. In 2022/2023, 29% of children carried NVTs, followed by PCV20- (11%), PCV13- (4%), PCV15- (2%) and PCV10- (0%) specific serotypes. Among parents, carriage declined from 17% in 2005 to 2% by 2022/2023. IPD incidence increased from 6·7 to 8·4 per 100,000 children under 5 years between 2018–2020 and 2022–2024, predominantly caused by an increase in serotype 19A. Serotypes 8 and 3 have the highest invasive disease potential.

Conclusions

This study shows stabilized pneumococcal carriage from 2018 to 2023 with low invasive disease potential for common serotypes, except for serotype 19A. However, rising IPD incidence from other non-vaccine serotypes highlights the need for higher-valency vaccines. The newly introduced PCV15 covers 58% of IPD cases, while PCV20 could cover 73%.

目的：自从2006年将肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCVs）引入荷兰儿童国家免疫规划以来，肺炎链球菌的定植和侵袭性疾病有所下降，同时血清型患病率向非疫苗血清型（NVTs）转变。分析血清型特异性携带、侵袭性肺炎球菌病（IPD）和侵袭性疾病的可能性，以监测高价pcv的变化并估计其附加值。方法：在2018/2019年和2022/2023年冬季，对24月龄儿童和家长进行肺炎球菌携带测定，并与2005-2016年的携带研究进行比较。纳入了荷兰监测（2004-2024年）IPD数据。用凝集法和Quellung法对分离的肺炎球菌进行血清分型。血清型特异性疾病的可能性由IPD与携带的比值比（OR）决定。结果：儿童肺炎球菌携带率从2005年的66%下降到2018/2019年的49%和2022/2023年的46%。在2022/2023年，29%的儿童携带NVTs，其次是PCV20-(11%)、PCV13-(4%)、PCV15-(2%)和PCV10-(0%)特定血清型。在父母中，乘车比例从2005年的17%下降到2022/2023年的2%。2018-2020年和2022-2024年期间，IPD发病率从每10万名5岁以下儿童6.7例增加到8.4例，主要原因是血清型19A增加。血清型8和3具有最高的侵袭性疾病可能性。结论：本研究显示，2018-2023年肺炎球菌携带稳定，除19A血清型外，其他常见血清型的侵袭性疾病可能性较低。然而，其他非疫苗血清型引起的IPD发病率上升，突出表明需要更高效价的疫苗。新引入的PCV15可覆盖58%的IPD病例，而PCV20可覆盖73%。

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引用次数: 0

Association between pre-diagnostic fluoroquinolone exposure and possible acquired fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Shanghai: An EHR-based case-control study using whole-genome sequencing 上海结核分枝杆菌诊断前氟喹诺酮暴露与可能获得性氟喹诺酮耐药性之间的关系：基于ehr的全基因组测序病例对照研究

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106648

Yangyi Zhang , Danni Li , Jiazhen Liu , Yuan Jiang , Xin Shen , Biao Xu

Objectives

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are one of the most prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics and a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. TB patients may have had FQ resistance before treatment initiation. However, the association between pre-diagnostic FQ exposure and acquired FQ-resistant TB remains unclear.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted among all pulmonary TB patients in Shanghai during 2022–2023. Cases were TB patients who had possible acquired FQ resistance identified through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), while controls were FQ susceptible patients. Pre-diagnostic FQ prescriptions were extracted from the Shanghai Electronic Health Record (EHR) platform.

Results

Among 3496 patients, 7.4% had FQ-resistant TB, with 93.5% (243/260) phylogenetically inferred as possible acquired resistance. Multivariate analysis revealed FQ exposure was the strongest predictor of possible acquired FQ resistance with an aOR of 4.31 for a single prescription and 13.18 for multiple prescriptions. A nonlinear dose-response relationship between resistance probability and prescription number was found. Most prescriptions to cases were from non-TB-designated tertiary hospitals for non-TB respiratory diseases, with an exposure interval of ≥61 days prior to TB diagnosis.

Conclusion

Acquired resistance dominates FQ resistance in Shanghai TB patients. The dose-response relationship between pre-diagnostic FQ exposure and possible acquired resistance underscores the need for judicious FQ use.

目的：氟喹诺酮类药物（FQ）是最常用的广谱抗生素之一，也是结核病（TB）治疗的基石。结核病患者在开始治疗前可能已经有FQ耐药性。然而，诊断前FQ暴露与获得性FQ耐药结核病之间的关系尚不清楚。方法：对2022-2023年上海市所有肺结核患者进行病例对照研究。病例为通过全基因组测序（WGS）鉴定可能获得FQ耐药性的结核病患者，对照组为FQ易感患者。诊断前FQ处方提取自上海电子健康档案（EHR）平台。结果：在3,496例患者中，7.4%为fq耐药结核病，93.5%（243/260）的系统发育推断为可能的获得性耐药。多因素分析显示，FQ暴露是可能获得性FQ耐药性的最强预测因子，单处方的aOR为4.31，多处方的aOR为13.18。耐药概率与处方数呈非线性剂量-响应关系。大多数病例的处方来自非结核病定点三级医院，用于治疗非结核病呼吸道疾病，在结核病诊断前暴露间隔≥61天。结论：上海结核患者获得性耐药以FQ耐药为主。诊断前FQ暴露与可能获得性耐药性之间的剂量-反应关系强调了明智使用FQ的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exhausted KLRG1hi CD8+ T and pathogenic GZMA+ Th17 cells are associated with the mild Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children 耗竭的KLRG1hi CD8+ T和致病性GZMA+ Th17细胞与儿童轻度肺炎支原体肺炎相关

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106642

Jing-ying Zhan , Luo Ren , Cheng-kai Li , Ling Zhong , Qiao-ping Wu , Run Wang , Da-peng Chen , Xiao Chen , Kang-yi Ren , Zheng-rong Chen , Zhe-min Zhou , Enmei Liu , Hong Tang

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children has recently re-emerged with a higher rate of hospitalization in the post-COVID-19 period. However, understanding of how the adaptive immunity plays a role in the bacterial pneumonia is often restrained by recurrent infection and complex co-infection with M. pneumoniae. Herein, we took advantage of the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and high-dimensional flow cytometry to characterize the impairment of peripheral T and B lymphocytes in pediatric patients with mild Mycoplasma pneumonia (MMPP). These patients were M. pneumoniae mono-infected at hospitalization, and showed an expansion of both effector and memory CD8⁺ T cells, with exhausted KLRG1^hi CD8⁺ T compartments prevailed. Moreover, they exhibited a hyperactivation of IgM⁺ plasma cells and unswitched memory B cells, which could partly explain the IgM seroconversion routinely diagnosed in MMPP. Therefore, the hypo-functional CD8⁺ T cells and polarization of IgM secreting cells might help explain the ill-controlled bacterial replication in MMPP. Furthermore, compared to the healthy controls, IL-17A producing Th17 cells were reduced in MMPP, but cytotoxic granzymes increased significantly. Reduced IL-17A would suggest elevated M. pneumoniae colonization and reduced bacterial clearance in the respiratory tract, whereas cytotoxic property of this pathogenic Th17 cells might play a role in the pulmonary hyper inflammation. Therefore, this work managed to characterize the landscape of dysfunctional T and B lymphocytes that associates with the immune evasion and immunopathogenesis of MMPP.

儿童肺炎支原体感染最近再次出现，在COVID-19后时期住院率更高。然而，对适应性免疫如何在细菌性肺炎中发挥作用的理解往往受到复发感染和肺炎支原体复杂合并感染的限制。在此，我们利用单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）和高维流式细胞术来表征小儿轻度支原体肺炎（MMPP）患者外周血T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的损伤。这些患者在住院时感染了单一肺炎支原体，并表现出效应和记忆CD8+ T细胞的扩增，以耗尽的KLRG1hi CD8+ T细胞为主。此外，他们表现出IgM+浆细胞和未切换的记忆B细胞的过度激活，这可以部分解释在MMPP中常规诊断的IgM血清转换。因此，功能低下的CD8+ T细胞和IgM分泌细胞的极化可能有助于解释细菌在MMPP中的复制控制不佳。此外，与健康对照相比，MMPP中产生IL-17A的Th17细胞减少，但细胞毒性颗粒酶显著增加。IL-17A的减少可能表明呼吸道中肺炎支原体定植增加和细菌清除率降低，而这种致病性Th17细胞的细胞毒性可能在肺部高炎症中起作用。因此，这项工作成功地描述了与MMPP的免疫逃避和免疫发病机制相关的功能失调的T和B淋巴细胞的景观。

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引用次数: 0

Global emergence and polycentric evolution of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes M1UK lineage 侵袭性化脓性链球菌M1UK谱系的全球出现和多中心进化

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106653

Hizbullah Khan , Haoyuan Lun , Guangxian Xu , Kaisong Huang

引用次数: 0

Antibodies to female Aedes albopictus salivary proteins promote dengue virus infection with salivary proteins 雌性白纹伊蚊唾液蛋白抗体促进登革热病毒与唾液蛋白的感染

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106638

Na Liu , Yanmei Li , Zhouyu Wu , Wenfei Qiao , Qianqian Zheng , Jing Zhuo , Yangzi Liu , Mengjie Lin , Ying Fu , Jiugang Zhao

Objective

Mosquito saliva can facilitate arboviral infection, yet whether host antibodies to salivary proteins modulate dengue virus (DENV) infection remains unclear. To test whether antibodies induced by Aedes albopictus salivary proteins (AaSP) enhance DENV infection when AaSP is present.

Methods

We used RAW264.7 cells and BALB/c mice; generated anti-AaSP antisera; co-incubated DENV with AaSP; quantified NS1 mRNA, envelope protein, and cytopathic effects (CPE); and assessed tissue pathology. We compared female- versus male-derived AaSP and antisera, performed proteomics, tested recombinant Obp1 and D7L, purified IgG, and evaluated papain digestion and Fcγ receptor (anti-CD16/32, clone 2.4G2) blockade.

Results

Antiserum with AaSP increased DENV infection in vitro and aggravated pathology in vivo. Repeated A. albopictus bites induced anti-AaSP antibodies and led to more severe disease after infection with AaSP-preincubated virus. Only female-AaSP antisera enhanced infection; proteomics showed sex-distinct salivary profiles. Obp1 and D7L enhanced infection with antiserum. Purified IgG reproduced the increase, which was lost after papain digestion or FcγR blockade.

Conclusion

Anti-AaSP IgG can increase DENV infection in the presence of AaSP. These findings add to understanding of DENV pathogenesis and may help inform future exploration of prevention targets.

目的蚊虫唾液可促进虫媒病毒感染，但宿主唾液蛋白抗体是否调节登革热病毒（DENV）感染尚不清楚。目的：检测唾液白纹伊蚊蛋白（AaSP）诱导的抗体是否增强DENV感染。方法采用RAW264.7细胞和BALB/c小鼠；生成抗aasp抗血清；DENV与AaSP共孵育；定量NS1 mRNA、包膜蛋白和细胞病变效应（CPE）；并评估组织病理学。我们比较了女性和男性来源的AaSP和抗血清，进行了蛋白质组学，测试了重组Obp1和D7L，纯化了IgG，并评估了木瓜蛋白酶消化和Fcγ受体（抗cd16 /32，克隆2.4G2）的阻断。结果AaSP抗血清可增加DENV体外感染，加重体内病理。白纹伊蚊多次叮咬可诱导抗aasp抗体，感染aasp预孵育病毒后病情加重。仅女性- aasp抗血清增强感染；蛋白质组学显示不同性别的唾液谱。Obp1和D7L增强抗血清感染。纯化后的IgG在木瓜蛋白酶消化或FcγR阻断后消失。结论抗AaSP IgG可增加猪流行性出血热感染。这些发现增加了对DENV发病机制的理解，并可能有助于未来探索预防目标。

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引用次数: 0

Rethinking risk in neonatal varicella: Does VZV-IgG predict outcome? 重新思考新生儿水痘的风险：VZV-IgG能预测结果吗？

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106654

Yarong Yang, Juan Yuan, Yi Zhang, Xinxin Zhu

引用次数: 0

Sustained clinical and epidemiological impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in young infants exposed to universal immunization with Nirsevimab at birth: An Italian multicenter, retrospective, cohort study 2024/25 “呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）对出生时普遍接种Nirsevimab的婴儿的持续临床和流行病学影响：一项意大利多中心、回顾性、队列研究2024/25”。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106624

Paolo Manzoni, Matteo Riccò, Cecilia Nobili, Chryssoula Tzialla, Graziano Barera, Paolo Del Barba, Simona De Franco, Guido Pellegrini, Paola Magri, Enrico Crapanzano, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Andrea Alba, Stefano Fiocchi, Mauro Vivalda, Giulia Natta, Alessandra Casati, Mariano Manzionna, Simone Rugolotto, Laura Saggioro, Simona Pesce, Mario Giuffrè

引用次数: 0

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106626

Ethan G. Napier , Brianna M. Doratt , Isaac R. Cinco , Ethan V. Stuart , Rebecca D. Geron , Michael H. Davies , Delphine C. Malherbe , Steven G. Kohama , Luiz Bermudez , Kevin L. Winthrop , Cristina Fuss , Eliot R. Spindel , Ilhem Messaoudi

Objectives

Although cases of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease (NTMPD) are rapidly increasing primarily in individuals over the age of 65, the host factors leading to higher occurrence in immunocompetent older patients remain elusive. This study aims to elucidate host factors leading to higher nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease occurrence in older immunocompetent patients.

Methods

To address these challenges, we used a rhesus macaque model developed by our laboratory where macaques were infected via intrabronchial inoculation with M. avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH). Disease progression, bacterial load, microbial community compositions, and host responses were monitored longitudinally using computed tomography, culturing, 16S amplicon sequencing, histology, flow cytometry, and single cell RNA sequencing.

Results

Despite comparable kinetics of bacterial clearance, computed tomography scans indicated more severe radiological outcomes in older animals which mounted predominantly an inflammatory acute phase response rather than a Th1 response. Single cell RNA sequencing indicated a persistent inflammatory signature in aged animals. Microbial community analysis revealed an age-mediated loss of an uncultured Tropheryma species that was inversely correlated with severity of radiographic changes.

Conclusions

These data reveal that nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease severity in the aged animals is driven by dysregulated inflammatory responses and dysbiosis of the lung microbiome.

目的：尽管非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）肺病（NTMPD）的病例主要在65岁以上的个体中迅速增加，但导致免疫功能正常的老年患者发病率较高的宿主因素仍然难以捉摸。本研究旨在阐明导致老年免疫功能正常患者非结核性分枝杆菌肺病发生率较高的宿主因素。方法：为了解决这些挑战，我们使用了我们实验室开发的恒河猴模型，其中恒河猴通过支气管内接种感染了鸟分枝杆菌亚种。hominissuis (MAH)。通过计算机断层扫描、培养、16S扩增子测序、组织学、流式细胞术和单细胞RNA测序，对疾病进展、细菌负荷、微生物群落组成和宿主反应进行了纵向监测。结果：尽管有类似的细菌清除动力学，计算机断层扫描显示，老年动物的放射学结果更严重，主要是炎症急性期反应，而不是Th1反应。单细胞RNA测序显示老年动物存在持续的炎症特征。微生物群落分析显示，未培养的滋养菌物种的年龄介导损失与放射学变化的严重程度呈负相关。结论：这些数据表明，老年动物非结核性分枝杆菌肺病的严重程度是由炎症反应失调和肺微生物群失调驱动的。

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引用次数: 0

Current global trends in meningococcal disease control, risk groups and vaccination: Consensus of the Global Meningococcal Initiative 脑膜炎球菌疾病控制、风险群体和疫苗接种的当前全球趋势：全球脑膜炎球菌倡议的共识。

IF 11.9 1区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Journal of Infection

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106635

Ray Borrow , Dominque A. Caugant , Stephen A. Clark , Ener Çagri Dinleyici , Ian Hall , Lee H. Harrison , William P. Hausdorff , Shamez N. Ladhani , Jay Lucidarme , Marco A.P. Sáfadi , Vinny Smith , Muhamed-Kheir Taha , Julio Vázquez

This review outlines recent trends on invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) discussed at the latest meeting of the Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI). There has been a re-emergence of the Hajj strain sublineage (serogroup W; ST-11 clonal complex), with travel to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia being a critical factor in transmission. The epidemiology of IMD has also changed following the COVID-19 pandemic, with annual IMD cases increasing in many countries. For example, the highest number of IMD cases since 2014 was reported in the USA in 2023–2024. Atypical presentations of IMD have been prominent irrespective of the pandemic. For instance, an increase in cases of meningococcal epiglottitis has been reported in France in 2022–2023 (serogroups W and Y). When considering vaccination, the GMI has identified a need for broader meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) immunisation owing to the potential impact of the vaccines on reducing IMD incidence caused by other serogroups than MenB. There is also a case for using MenB vaccination to protect against Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection based on initial evidence, albeit further studies will need to be conducted.

这篇综述概述了最近在全球脑膜炎球菌倡议（GMI）会议上讨论的侵袭性脑膜炎球菌病（IMD）的最新趋势。朝觐毒株亚谱系（W血清群；ST-11克隆复合体）再次出现，前往沙特阿拉伯王国旅行是传播的关键因素。在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后，IMD的流行病学也发生了变化，许多国家每年的IMD病例都在增加。例如，自2014年以来，美国报告的IMD病例数最多的是2023-2024年。无论大流行如何，IMD的非典型表现都很突出。例如，据报道，法国2022-2023年脑膜炎球菌性会厌炎病例有所增加（血清组W和Y）。在考虑疫苗接种时，全球免疫倡议已确定需要更广泛的脑膜炎球菌B血清组（MenB）免疫接种，因为疫苗对减少由B血清组以外的其他血清组引起的IMD发病率有潜在影响。根据初步证据，也有使用b型脑膜炎球菌疫苗预防淋病奈瑟菌感染的案例，尽管还需要进行进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 0

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