Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106630
Hamish Houston, Wubbo De Boer, Thomas Reed, Anna Last, Aaron Lloyd, Rachael Wallis, Jane Osborne, Tommy Rampling
{"title":"Will you do the fandango? Oropouche virus reaches the UK","authors":"Hamish Houston, Wubbo De Boer, Thomas Reed, Anna Last, Aaron Lloyd, Rachael Wallis, Jane Osborne, Tommy Rampling","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 5","pages":"Article 106630"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106628
Xiaolu Tang , Tian Ma , Zhuocheng Yao, Lin Zhang, Zhaohui Qian, Rui Song, Jian Lu
{"title":"The triumvirate of mutation bias, population dynamics, and natural selection in shaping SARS-CoV-2 intra-host variation","authors":"Xiaolu Tang , Tian Ma , Zhuocheng Yao, Lin Zhang, Zhaohui Qian, Rui Song, Jian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106628","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 5","pages":"Article 106628"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106624
Paolo Manzoni, Matteo Riccò, Cecilia Nobili, Chryssoula Tzialla, Graziano Barera, Paolo Del Barba, Simona De Franco, Guido Pellegrini, Paola Magri, Enrico Crapanzano, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Andrea Alba, Stefano Fiocchi, Mauro Vivalda, Giulia Natta, Alessandra Casati, Mariano Manzionna, Simone Rugolotto, Laura Saggioro, Simona Pesce, Mario Giuffrè
{"title":"Sustained clinical and epidemiological impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in young infants exposed to universal immunization with Nirsevimab at birth: An Italian multicenter, retrospective, cohort study 2024/25","authors":"Paolo Manzoni, Matteo Riccò, Cecilia Nobili, Chryssoula Tzialla, Graziano Barera, Paolo Del Barba, Simona De Franco, Guido Pellegrini, Paola Magri, Enrico Crapanzano, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Andrea Alba, Stefano Fiocchi, Mauro Vivalda, Giulia Natta, Alessandra Casati, Mariano Manzionna, Simone Rugolotto, Laura Saggioro, Simona Pesce, Mario Giuffrè","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 5","pages":"Article 106624"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106616
Camille M. Moore , Elizabeth A. Secor , Ana Fairbanks-Mahnke , Jamie L. Everman , Jennifer R. Elhawary , Jonathan I. Witonsky , Elmar Pruesse , Chih-Hao Chang , Maria G. Contreras , Celeste Eng , Keyshla Canales , Tsunami Rosado , Donglei Hu , Scott Huntsman , Nathan D. Jackson , Yingchun Li , Natalie Lopez , Annette Medina Valentin , Vivian Medina , Chris Angely Montanez-Lopez , Max A. Seibold
Objectives
To determine the association between viral species and odds of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses (sLRI) versus upper respiratory illness (URI) among children under 2 years of age.
Methods
Infants (n=2061) enrolled in the Puerto Rican Infant Metagenomic and Epidemiologic Study of Respiratory Outcomes were surveilled for respiratory illnesses until age 2 years (March 2020 to April 2024). Nasal swabs from 1363 illnesses (774 participants) were screened for 21 pathogens.
Results
RSV infections occurred in 23% of sLRIs and increased odds of sLRI vs URI (OR=9.28; 95% CI, 5.43–15.85). Metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, and non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus also increased odds of sLRIs, while SARS-CoV-2 was associated with lower risk of sLRIs. Rhinovirus (43%) and bocavirus (16.1%) were commonly detected, but were not associated with sLRI risk. Co-infection with multiple viral species was associated with 2.92-fold greater odds of sLRI (95% CI, 2.05–4.16) compared to single viral species infections. Rhinovirus-bocavirus was the most common co-infection, and interaction between these viruses was associated with increased odds of sLRI.
Conclusions
Diverse viral pathogens drive early-life sLRIs. Some (e.g. RSV and metapneumovirus) have an intrinsic propensity to cause sLRIs, while other viruses’ lower airway pathogenicity depends on other factors, including co-infection.
{"title":"Independent and interactive effects of viral species on early-life lower respiratory tract illness","authors":"Camille M. Moore , Elizabeth A. Secor , Ana Fairbanks-Mahnke , Jamie L. Everman , Jennifer R. Elhawary , Jonathan I. Witonsky , Elmar Pruesse , Chih-Hao Chang , Maria G. Contreras , Celeste Eng , Keyshla Canales , Tsunami Rosado , Donglei Hu , Scott Huntsman , Nathan D. Jackson , Yingchun Li , Natalie Lopez , Annette Medina Valentin , Vivian Medina , Chris Angely Montanez-Lopez , Max A. Seibold","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the association between viral species and odds of severe lower respiratory tract illnesses (sLRI) versus upper respiratory illness (URI) among children under 2 years of age.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Infants (n=2061) enrolled in the Puerto Rican Infant Metagenomic and Epidemiologic Study of Respiratory Outcomes were surveilled for respiratory illnesses until age 2 years (March 2020 to April 2024). Nasal swabs from 1363 illnesses (774 participants) were screened for 21 pathogens.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>RSV infections occurred in 23% of sLRIs and increased odds of sLRI vs URI (OR=9.28; 95% CI, 5.43–15.85). Metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, and non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus also increased odds of sLRIs, while SARS-CoV-2 was associated with lower risk of sLRIs. Rhinovirus (43%) and bocavirus (16.1%) were commonly detected, but were not associated with sLRI risk. Co-infection with multiple viral species was associated with 2.92-fold greater odds of sLRI (95% CI, 2.05–4.16) compared to single viral species infections. Rhinovirus-bocavirus was the most common co-infection, and interaction between these viruses was associated with increased odds of sLRI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Diverse viral pathogens drive early-life sLRIs. Some (e.g. RSV and metapneumovirus) have an intrinsic propensity to cause sLRIs, while other viruses’ lower airway pathogenicity depends on other factors, including co-infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 4","pages":"Article 106616"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106619
Laure Surgers , Charlotte Lafont , Claudie Lamoureux , Vanessa Demontant , Melissa N’Debi , Justine Cheval , Laure Boizeau , Elisabeth Trawinski , Jean-Michel Pawlotsky , Paul-Louis Woerther , Christophe Rodriguez , Clinical Metagenomics Study Group
Background
Shotgun metagenomics (SMg) promises to significantly improve the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, the prospective evaluation of its clinical utility in different infectious syndromes remains poorly documented.
Methods
We conducted a prospective study including all patients who underwent SMg as part of their care at the French Henri Mondor Hospital National Reference Laboratory for accredited SMg between February 2018 and January 2020. Patients were categorized as having either a "high likelihood" or "low likelihood" of infection based on their clinical presentation. The contribution of the SMg to the final diagnosis was assessed by a multidisciplinary team of infectious disease specialists.
Findings
202 patients were enrolled in the study. Of the 123 patients considered to have a high likelihood of infection, SMg confirmed the cause of infection in 38 cases (30.9%), including 12 cases (9.8%) diagnosed exclusively by this method. In the 79 patients classified as having a "low likelihood" of infection, SMg did not detect any microorganisms compatible with an infectious cause. In particular, patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment within the latter group showed no deterioration after 6 months.
Interpretation
SMg facilitated microbiological diagnosis in over 30% of complex cases, regardless of sample type or site of infection. Compared with conventional techniques, SMg provided diagnoses in 10% more cases, highlighting its broad utility across different infectious diseases. Our results suggest that SMg is a promising tool for documenting complex infectious diseases alongside traditional microbiology tools. Furthermore, negative SMg results are useful for the management of patients with a low likelihood of infection.
{"title":"Shotgun metagenomics for the diagnosis of infections: A prospective study","authors":"Laure Surgers , Charlotte Lafont , Claudie Lamoureux , Vanessa Demontant , Melissa N’Debi , Justine Cheval , Laure Boizeau , Elisabeth Trawinski , Jean-Michel Pawlotsky , Paul-Louis Woerther , Christophe Rodriguez , Clinical Metagenomics Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Shotgun metagenomics (SMg) promises to significantly improve the microbiological diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, the prospective evaluation of its clinical utility in different infectious syndromes remains poorly documented.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective study including all patients who underwent SMg as part of their care at the French Henri Mondor Hospital National Reference Laboratory for accredited SMg between February 2018 and January 2020. Patients were categorized as having either a \"high likelihood\" or \"low likelihood\" of infection based on their clinical presentation. The contribution of the SMg to the final diagnosis was assessed by a multidisciplinary team of infectious disease specialists.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>202 patients were enrolled in the study. Of the 123 patients considered to have a high likelihood of infection, SMg confirmed the cause of infection in 38 cases (30.9%), including 12 cases (9.8%) diagnosed exclusively by this method. In the 79 patients classified as having a \"low likelihood\" of infection, SMg did not detect any microorganisms compatible with an infectious cause. In particular, patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment within the latter group showed no deterioration after 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>SMg facilitated microbiological diagnosis in over 30% of complex cases, regardless of sample type or site of infection. Compared with conventional techniques, SMg provided diagnoses in 10% more cases, highlighting its broad utility across different infectious diseases. Our results suggest that SMg is a promising tool for documenting complex infectious diseases alongside traditional microbiology tools. Furthermore, negative SMg results are useful for the management of patients with a low likelihood of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 4","pages":"Article 106619"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106625
Lin Liu , Tingting Hong , Yanfei Wang , Zengzeng Zhang, Shouyuan Chen, Ying Fu, Yunsong Yu, Xiaoxing Du , Xueqing Wu
{"title":"Evaluation of Vitek2 and Etest for determining penicillin and ceftriaxone susceptibilities in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae","authors":"Lin Liu , Tingting Hong , Yanfei Wang , Zengzeng Zhang, Shouyuan Chen, Ying Fu, Yunsong Yu, Xiaoxing Du , Xueqing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 5","pages":"Article 106625"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106618
Ying Liu , Yafeng Zheng , Lu Wang , Yuxin Guo , Guangyun Huang , Zhiyong Yuan , Fuhua Wang , Wei Gai , Jinyan Xing
Introduction
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an important tool for enhancing pathogen detection in infected patients. However, distinguishing between specimens that are infected or colonized is still a major challenge.
Objectives
To explore the composition of bacteriophages in the blood and respiratory tract of the human body, the association between bacteriophage detection and bacterial infections, and whether bacteriophages can assist in differentiating infectious pathogens according to mNGS results.
Methods
Clinical samples from hospitalized patients were collected between January 2023 and February 2024. DNA and cell-free DNA were extracted from BALF and plasma retrospectively to identify the pathogens present, and bacteriophage annotations were conducted.
Results
A total of 299 samples, comprising 136 blood samples and 163 BALF samples, were obtained from 218 patients. Compared with the samples negative for bacteria, both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and S. aureus showed a corresponding increase in the proportions of phages related to these pathogens. In BALF samples with Acinetobacter baumannii infection, the proportions of Autographiviridae, Siphoviridae, and Myoviridae were significantly greater than those in the Acinetobacter baumannii colonization group. The sensitivity of Myoviridae for differentiating between infection and colonization was 86.36%, and the specificity was 52.94%.
Conclusion
In sepsis, compared with conventional mNGS methods alone, the use of bacteriophages combined with mNGS was more effective in identifying causative pathogens and had higher specificity. These findings may provide new ideas and tools for improving clinical infection diagnosis.
{"title":"Bacteriophage combined with mNGS enhances the specificity of bacterial infection diagnosis","authors":"Ying Liu , Yafeng Zheng , Lu Wang , Yuxin Guo , Guangyun Huang , Zhiyong Yuan , Fuhua Wang , Wei Gai , Jinyan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an important tool for enhancing pathogen detection in infected patients. However, distinguishing between specimens that are infected or colonized is still a major challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the composition of bacteriophages in the blood and respiratory tract of the human body, the association between bacteriophage detection and bacterial infections, and whether bacteriophages can assist in differentiating infectious pathogens according to mNGS results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Clinical samples from hospitalized patients were collected between January 2023 and February 2024. DNA and cell-free DNA were extracted from BALF and plasma retrospectively to identify the pathogens present, and bacteriophage annotations were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 299 samples, comprising 136 blood samples and 163 BALF samples, were obtained from 218 patients. Compared with the samples negative for bacteria, both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples infected with <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>S. aureus</em> showed a corresponding increase in the proportions of phages related to these pathogens. In BALF samples with <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> infection, the proportions of <em>Autographiviridae</em>, <em>Siphoviridae</em>, and <em>Myoviridae</em> were significantly greater than those in the <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> colonization group. The sensitivity of <em>Myoviridae</em> for differentiating between infection and colonization was 86.36%, and the specificity was 52.94%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In sepsis, compared with conventional mNGS methods alone, the use of bacteriophages combined with mNGS was more effective in identifying causative pathogens and had higher specificity. These findings may provide new ideas and tools for improving clinical infection diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 4","pages":"Article 106618"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106620
Sarah Foulkes , Katie Munro , Dominic Sparkes , Jameel Khawam , Sophie Russell , Angela Dunne , Jean Timeyin , Nipunadi Hettiarachchi , Michelle Cairns , Declan T. Bradley , Elen De Lacy , Kevin Wilson , Nick Andrews , Andre Charlett , Respiratory Virus and Microbiome Initiative (RVI) team , Katie Bellis , Ya-Lin Huang , Matthew Forbes , Andrea Frick-Kretschmer , Marissa Knoll , Victoria Hall
Background
During the winter, healthcare systems experience additional pressures due to increases in respiratory infections and staff absence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses and impact on sickness absence in the SIREN healthcare worker (HCW) cohort during winter 2023/24.
Methods
SIREN is a cohort study with linked testing, vaccination, demographic, symptoms and sick leave data. Participants undergo fortnightly multiplex PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV, regardless of symptoms. The proportion of participants who took sick leave, the total number and median of sick leave days taken was calculated, overall and stratified by viral infection and vaccination status. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between sick leave and vaccination status.
Results
A total of 5287 participants were included, 78·3% female, median age 54 years. There were 1828 infections (1161 SARS-CoV-2; 387 RSV; 280 influenza infections) among 1659 participants. Influenza and RSV peaked in December (1·2%; 1·9%), SARS-CoV-2 peaked in September and December 2023 (4·0%; 4·3%).
Regardless of a known infection, 35.8% (1892/5287) took sick leave, resulting in 10,168 days (median 5 days per person; range 1–98 days).
Discussion
Respiratory illness caused a substantial burden on the SIREN healthcare workforce over winter, with all three viruses contributing. Reduced number of staff at work and pressures to work through illness have implications for healthcare resilience.
{"title":"Prevalence and impact of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and respiratory illness on UK healthcare workers during winter 2023/24 (September 2023 to March 2024): SIREN cohort study","authors":"Sarah Foulkes , Katie Munro , Dominic Sparkes , Jameel Khawam , Sophie Russell , Angela Dunne , Jean Timeyin , Nipunadi Hettiarachchi , Michelle Cairns , Declan T. Bradley , Elen De Lacy , Kevin Wilson , Nick Andrews , Andre Charlett , Respiratory Virus and Microbiome Initiative (RVI) team , Katie Bellis , Ya-Lin Huang , Matthew Forbes , Andrea Frick-Kretschmer , Marissa Knoll , Victoria Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinf.2025.106620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the winter, healthcare systems experience additional pressures due to increases in respiratory infections and staff absence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses and impact on sickness absence in the SIREN healthcare worker (HCW) cohort during winter 2023/24.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>SIREN is a cohort study with linked testing, vaccination, demographic, symptoms and sick leave data. Participants undergo fortnightly multiplex PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV, regardless of symptoms. The proportion of participants who took sick leave, the total number and median of sick leave days taken was calculated, overall and stratified by viral infection and vaccination status. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between sick leave and vaccination status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 5287 participants were included, 78·3% female, median age 54 years. There were 1828 infections (1161 SARS-CoV-2; 387 RSV; 280 influenza infections) among 1659 participants. Influenza and RSV peaked in December (1·2%; 1·9%), SARS-CoV-2 peaked in September and December 2023 (4·0%; 4·3%).</div><div>Regardless of a known infection, 35.8% (1892/5287) took sick leave, resulting in 10,168 days (median 5 days per person; range 1–98 days).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Respiratory illness caused a substantial burden on the SIREN healthcare workforce over winter, with all three viruses contributing. Reduced number of staff at work and pressures to work through illness have implications for healthcare resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50180,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection","volume":"91 4","pages":"Article 106620"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号