Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

英文中文

I walk an ancient road: A straightforward methodology for analyzing intra- and inter-regional connectivity systems along Roman Frontier Zones (c. 1st—5th century AD)

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106151

Dominik Hagmann

This paper presents a broadly reusable and straightforward methodology for examining ancient road networks in the hinterlands of Roman frontiers, with attention to both intra- and inter-regional connectivity. It employs a range of tools—including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Least Cost Analyses (LCA), Spatial Social Network Analysis (SSNA), and Visibility Analysis (VA)—to trace and interpret the road systems that facilitated troop movements, goods transport, and social exchange. The study exemplifies this methodology through an investigation of a frontier zone within a specific area of interest at the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Danube Limes” in Northern Noricum (modern Austria), spanning the mid-1st to the 5th century CE. By integrating archaeological data, open government datasets, and advanced digital methods, the analysis reveals a variety of pathways that may have supported military logistics and civilian travel across this strategically significant region. Selected roads identified through the analyses could be subsequently verified through ground-truthing.The paper also emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation, acknowledging the hypothetical nature of certain pathways and the inherent limitations of tracing ancient infrastructure through the methods employed.

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引用次数: 0

Combining ATR far- and mid-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish native Australian plant exudates for cultural heritage analysis

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106167

Abigail K. Mann , Dominique Appadoo , Claire E. Lenehan , Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff

Native Australian plant exudates are an important material for a variety of cultural uses including hafting materials and pigment binders. Spectroscopic analysis of exudates informs on their composition, properties, use and conservation status. However, native Australian exudates are not as well characterized as European species, although there are often chemical parallels between the two. While mid-IR has been demonstrated as an effective and standard method to distinguish some key exudate species, the fingerprint-region characterisation can become challenging for a particular group of exudates due to spectral similarities or overlaps, and therefore discrimination is not easily achievable. Therefore, the complementary data on molecular interactions observed in the far-IR region can provide additional means to characterize and discriminate between genera. In this study, samples from European artist materials and native Australian exudates were studied by both laboratory-based mid-IR and synchrotron based far-IR. Results from this work include establishing a novel non-destructive far-IR method for plant exudates such as resins, gums and kinos on the molecular level, as well as multivariate statistical analysis to differentiate at both the genera and species level. These outcomes identify an innovative approach to understanding these complex molecular chemistries of plant exudates as well as a method to characterize resins, kinos and gums in important archaeological and cultural heritage materials in Australia and worldwide.

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引用次数: 0

Origins of medieval lead glass ornaments in Central Europe in the light of lead isotopic analysis of finds from Wrocław and Sypniewo (Poland)

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106168

Aleksandra Pankiewicz , Ewelina Miśta-Jakubowska , Sylwia Siemianowska , Renata Czech-Błońska , Mariusz Błoński , Ryan Mathur , Jakub Karasiński , Rafał Siuda , Grzegorz Żabiński , Aneta Gójska

Lead glass ornaments are common throughout Central and Eastern Europe from 10th to 13th c. They are regarded as a local product due to the discovery of glass crucibles, semi-finished products and an ore deposit. Technological (electron probe microanalysis) and provenance analyses (lead isotope analyses) of eleven fragments of high-lead-glass jewellery from Wrocław (SW Poland) and high-lead-glass and lead-potassium glass (Slavic lead-ash glass) from Sypniewo (NE Poland) confirmed the use of local lead deposits. The isotopic composition of glass from this area has not yet been determined, except for one site in SW Poland. The chemical analysis shows early medieval glass production originated from the Silesian Upland and Lesser Poland.

引用次数: 0

Bulk-bone ancient metagenomics reveals the transport of South Asian fish across the Himalayas in the 8th century CE

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106157

Qing Wang , Jingkun Ran , Zhengquan Gu , Shungang Chen , Jianglong Guo , Yuanyang Cai , Yu Gao , Shalini Sharma , Jishuai Yang , Yongco , Yan Tong , Yucheng Wang , Xiaoyan Yang

Fish was an important component of (pre)historical consumption products. The study of (pre)historical fish products has been impeded by the morphological identifications in zooarchaeological research, based on poorly preserved fish bones. In this study, we applied the Bulk Bone Shotgun Metagenomic (BBSM) approach to unidentifiable bone fragments excavated from the Kongsangqiao site (dated to 652–768 CE) located on the southern slope of the central Himalayas. Among other species, the low-land South Asian fish species Rohu (Labeo rohita) was identified, marking the first discovery of a South Asian fish species on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau. This new evidence suggests that fish may have been carried by travelers departing from South Asia to provide necessary nutritional sustenance and energy for their long-distance journeys, or was exported from the low-land South Asian plain to the Tibetan Plateau along the ancient Tubo-Nepal Road. The results also show the great potential of ancient DNA analysis on unidentifiable bone fragments in enhancing our understanding of the history of fish utilization.

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引用次数: 0

Spatial analysis of Amazonian Dark Earth formation supports an anthropic origin at the Caldeirão site, Brazil

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106169

Jonas Gregorio de Souza , Jonas Alcaina-Mateos , Carla Lancelotti , Pablo Vidal-Torrado , Marcia R. Calegari , Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira , Gilvan Martins , Rodrigo Santana Macedo , Marco Madella

Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are distinct archaeological sites in the Amazon, characterized by their enriched nutrient content in soil layers. While activities related to human occupation are acknowledged as the primary driver of the geochemical properties of ADEs, the intra-site spatial variations in their formation processes, and how they relate to human settlement, are not completely documented. In this study, we employ geostatistical analysis to investigate spatial variations in the geochemical signature and pottery concentration of ADE at the Caldeirão site, Central Amazon, a site that has sparked ongoing debates due to the revival of a natural genesis hypothesis of ADEs. Our findings reveal non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the ADE geochemical signature at the site, suggesting multiple foci of human activity at different temporal stages. Notably, we document the possible emergence of a semi-circular village pattern, prevalent in other Amazonian contexts, gradually transitioning to a more homogeneous ADE cover during the final stage of occupation. This observed pattern, consistent with archaeological and ethnographic evidence, provides compelling evidence for human activity as the primary driver of ADE formation at Caldeirão, laying to rest the hypothesis of a natural origin.

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引用次数: 0

Current methods and theory in quantitative zooarchaeology

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106165

Nimrod Marom

Zooarchaeology has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, evolving from a discipline focused on human-animal relationships to a broader investigation of the complex interplay between humans, animals, and environments. This shift is driven by advancements in methodologies, including geometric morphometrics, low-magnification dental dietary analysis, and palaeo-species distribution modelling, which allow for detailed phenotyping and environmental reconstruction. By adopting a niche construction framework, zooarchaeologists can explore the multifaceted ways in which humans and animals have shaped their environments and been shaped by them. This approach offers a unique perspective on the Anthropocene, a geological epoch characterized by human-induced global change. By examining the long-term consequences of human ecosystem engineering, zooarchaeology contributes to a deeper understanding of our impact on the planet and the future of human-animal relations.

引用次数: 0

Frozen motion: Contextualizing wheel rut data within and beyond the Pompeiian street grid

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106155

David Picker-Kille

The past few decades have seen a growing use of GIS in archaeological research to study ancient movement at varying scales. In the case of urban networks, most spatial analyses of street systems have been modelled on pedestrian movement. At the site of Pompeii, however, recent scholarship has highlighted the ways in which the material evidence of the construction, use, and disuse of the street network inherently underlie the importance of vehicular traffic throughout the city. Dividing Pompeii's streets into discrete units of movement, this study geospatially maps wheel-rut measurements collected by the author onto previously published data of Pompeiian street paving and vehicular traffic. The resultant patterns between the paving history, traffic flow, and wheel-rutting across the street network reveal important transformations in the nature and extent of the city's connectivity to the surrounding countryside, and highlight the potential for similar approaches at other ancient urban centers.

引用次数: 0

Early Island rice farmers on the South China Coast during the 7th millennium BP

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106158

Guiyu Zhou , Xinxin Zuo , Zhenyu Zhou , Jianhui Jin , Xuechun Fan , Junjie Wei , Yaoyao Pei , Hui Xie , Yongjun Huang , Lin Ren , Yingjun Lin

The spread of agriculture and population from Mainland East Asia to the islands of Southeast Asia and Oceania was the last far-reaching prehistoric phenomenon in the Pan-Pacific region. However, archaeobotanical data examining whether and when early rice farmers occupied these islands is limited and thus contested. Thus, we performed phytolith, OSL and radiocarbon dating analyses of two Neolithic shell mound sites on Haitan Island on the South China Coast. The new dates were amalgamated with the results of earlier absolute dating studies, providing a chronology for these sites. Our results indicate that the two occupation peaks of the Keqiutou Culture centred between approximately 6800–6300 cal BP and 5800–5300 cal BP. Continuous rice phytolith records—including rice bulliforms—were observed in the Neolithic layers at the two sites. Moreover, rice bulliform phytoliths with ≥9 fish-scale decorations accounted for 41%, higher than the established standard for wild rice, suggesting that rice cultivation had already emerged at 6800 cal BP on Haitan Island and probably earlier. These findings provide the earliest evidence of rice cultivation on Haitan Island, adding evidence of the first farmers’ sea voyages and colonisation of the South China Coast islands.

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引用次数: 0

From dots to dynamics: Searching the complexities of prehistoric mobility in the Lisbon Peninsula 从点到动态：探索里斯本半岛史前移动的复杂性

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106127

André Texugo , Pablo Sánchez de Oro , Ana Catarina Sousa

This study explores prehistoric mobility networks in the Lisbon Peninsula, focusing on the Chalcolithic and Late Bronze Age periods. Utilising Least Cost Path (LCP) methodologies and Tobler's Hiking Function, movement patterns and connectivity between settlements were analysed. The research reveals a complex landscape of human interactions and environmental adaptations, highlighting social and economic transformations across these periods. In the Chalcolithic, a dense network of routes was identified, which suggest intense social and trade exchanges. In contrast, the Late Bronze Age (LBA) exhibits a changed mobility landscape, with less dense but more focused routes, reflecting possible socio-economic reorganisations. This study not only sheds light on the territorial dynamics of the Lisbon Peninsula during these critical periods but also contributes to a richer understanding of occupation strategies and the relationship between humans and their environment.

本研究探讨了里斯本半岛的史前流动网络，重点是铜器时代和青铜时代晚期。利用最小成本路径（LCP）方法和Tobler徒步函数，分析了住区之间的移动模式和连通性。研究揭示了人类互动和环境适应的复杂格局，突出了这些时期的社会和经济转型。在铜石器时代，人们发现了密集的路线网络，这表明社会和贸易交流非常频繁。相比之下，青铜器时代晚期（LBA）的交通景观发生了变化，路线密度降低，但更集中，反映了可能的社会经济重组。这项研究不仅揭示了这些关键时期里斯本半岛的领土动态，而且有助于更丰富地理解占领策略以及人类与环境之间的关系。

引用次数: 0

Strontium isotopes and the geographic origins of camelids in the Virú Valley, Peru 秘鲁Virú山谷的锶同位素和骆驼科动物的地理起源

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106142

Nicole Hultquist , Jean-Francois Millaire , Paul Szpak

This study presents the strontium isotopic composition of camelid tooth enamel from Huaca Santa Clara, Huaca Gallinazo, and Huancaco in the Virú Valley, northern Peru. These sites were occupied during the Early Intermediate Period (EIP, c. 200 BCE-600 CE) with Huaca Santa Clara and Huancaco being associated with ritual sacrifices of camelids during the late Middle Horizon (LMH, 850–950 CE for Huancaco and c. 1150 CE for Huaca Santa Clara). Most camelids had strontium isotopic compositions that fell within the predicted isotopic range for the Virú Valley. Isotopic compositions of the serially sampled teeth suggest most camelids did not move between regions with different strontium isotope baselines during enamel formation. At Huaca Gallinazo, the capital of the Virú Polity during the EIP, all the camelids appeared to be local to the lower Virú Valley. At Huaca Santa Clara, a regional administrative center, butchered individuals associated with the EIP occupation had strontium isotope ratios reflecting primarily local origins, with some evidence of individuals from the highlands. The scarified individuals at Huaca Santa Clara (late Middle Horizon) all had strontium isotope ratios consistent with a local origin in the Viru Valley. At Huancaco, some butchered (EIP) and sacrificed (LMH) camelids were local to the Virú Valley but this site may have included more individuals with higher tooth enamel ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, possibly originating in the middle and upper valley regions relative to the other two sites. These data confirm that camelid husbandry was present on the north coast at least as early as the EIP and this practice was maintained through the late Middle Horizon after the waning of north coast polities such as Virú and Moche.

本研究介绍了秘鲁北部维鲁谷 Huaca Santa Clara、Huaca Gallinazo 和 Huancaco 骆驼牙釉质的锶同位素组成。这些遗址在早期中间期（EIP，约公元前 200 年至公元前 600 年）被人占据，其中 Huaca Santa Clara 和 Huancaco 在中地平线晚期（LMH，Huancaco 在公元前 850 年至 950 年，Huaca Santa Clara 在公元前 1150 年）与骆驼祭祀有关。大多数骆驼的锶同位素组成都在维鲁谷预测的同位素范围之内。连续取样的牙齿的同位素组成表明，大多数驼科动物在釉质形成过程中并没有在锶同位素基线不同的地区之间移动。在瓦卡加里纳索（Huaca Gallinazo），即 EIP 期间维鲁政体的首府，所有驼科动物似乎都是维鲁河谷下游的本地动物。在地区行政中心瓦卡-圣克拉拉（Huaca Santa Clara），与EIP时期相关的被屠宰个体的锶同位素比值主要反映了其本地来源，但也有一些来自高地的个体。在瓦卡-圣克拉拉（中地平原晚期），所有被疤痕化的个体的锶同位素比值都与来自维鲁谷当地的情况一致。在万卡科（Huancaco），一些被屠宰（EIP）和献祭（LMH）的骆驼是维鲁谷当地的，但该地点可能有更多牙釉质 87Sr/86Sr 较高的个体，与其他两个地点相比，可能来自中上游山谷地区。这些数据证实，至少早在 EIP 时代，北海岸就出现了骆驼饲养业，在维鲁和莫切等北海岸政体衰落之后，这种做法一直维持到中地平线晚期。

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