Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献

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Bioarchaeological perspectives on the ancient Han-Xiongnu war: Insights from the Iron Age site of Bayanbulag

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106184

Pengcheng Ma , Minmin Ma , Bing Sun , Chunxiang Li , Jiajia Dong , Guanghui Dong , Diimaajav Erdenebaatar , Alexey Kovalev , Yinqiu Cui

The Han-Xiongnu War, a series of pivotal conflicts between the two most powerful empires in early Iron Age Eastern Eurasia, was investigated through an integrated multidisciplinary approach encompassing genetics, geology, anthropology, and archaeology. This study focuses on the analysis of a mass grave at the Bayanbulag site (BBS) in Mongolia, initially identified as a Xiongnu fortress. Our primary objective was to identify the individuals buried in the grave, providing deeper insights into the tactics and interactions of the Han-Xiongnu War. Through meticulous archaeological and anthropological investigation, we confirmed the site's war-related nature, evidenced by the fortress's architecture, excavated weapons, and trauma on the remains. Genomic analysis of the remains revealed a genetic affinity with present-day Han and ancient Northern Chinese populations. Strontium isotope analysis offered the critical evidence of the individuals' military affiliation, indicating their origin from regions beyond the Mongolian Plateau, specifically North China and the Central Plains, confirming their identity as Han soldiers. This result is further supported by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis, which revealed dietary characteristic of agricultural populations from North China. By integrating data from various disciplines in a mutually supportive manner, our study presents a comprehensive account of the Han-Xiongnu War, offering new insights into the military organization and strategic engagements of the period. This interdisciplinary approach significantly enriches the historical narrative and contributes to the existing body of knowledge on early Eastern Eurasian conflicts.

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引用次数: 0

Southeast Asian mainland archaeological science 1964–2034: Multiscalar relations between individuals, communities and neighbouring populations during the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages (early-3rd mill. BC to late-1st mill. AD)

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106154

T.O. Pryce , Anna Willis

引用次数: 0

I walk an ancient road: A straightforward methodology for analyzing intra- and inter-regional connectivity systems along Roman Frontier Zones (c. 1st—5th century AD)

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106151

Dominik Hagmann

This paper presents a broadly reusable and straightforward methodology for examining ancient road networks in the hinterlands of Roman frontiers, with attention to both intra- and inter-regional connectivity. It employs a range of tools—including Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Least Cost Analyses (LCA), Spatial Social Network Analysis (SSNA), and Visibility Analysis (VA)—to trace and interpret the road systems that facilitated troop movements, goods transport, and social exchange. The study exemplifies this methodology through an investigation of a frontier zone within a specific area of interest at the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Danube Limes” in Northern Noricum (modern Austria), spanning the mid-1st to the 5th century CE. By integrating archaeological data, open government datasets, and advanced digital methods, the analysis reveals a variety of pathways that may have supported military logistics and civilian travel across this strategically significant region. Selected roads identified through the analyses could be subsequently verified through ground-truthing.The paper also emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation, acknowledging the hypothetical nature of certain pathways and the inherent limitations of tracing ancient infrastructure through the methods employed.

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引用次数: 0

Combining ATR far- and mid-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish native Australian plant exudates for cultural heritage analysis

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106167

Abigail K. Mann , Dominique Appadoo , Claire E. Lenehan , Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff

Native Australian plant exudates are an important material for a variety of cultural uses including hafting materials and pigment binders. Spectroscopic analysis of exudates informs on their composition, properties, use and conservation status. However, native Australian exudates are not as well characterized as European species, although there are often chemical parallels between the two. While mid-IR has been demonstrated as an effective and standard method to distinguish some key exudate species, the fingerprint-region characterisation can become challenging for a particular group of exudates due to spectral similarities or overlaps, and therefore discrimination is not easily achievable. Therefore, the complementary data on molecular interactions observed in the far-IR region can provide additional means to characterize and discriminate between genera. In this study, samples from European artist materials and native Australian exudates were studied by both laboratory-based mid-IR and synchrotron based far-IR. Results from this work include establishing a novel non-destructive far-IR method for plant exudates such as resins, gums and kinos on the molecular level, as well as multivariate statistical analysis to differentiate at both the genera and species level. These outcomes identify an innovative approach to understanding these complex molecular chemistries of plant exudates as well as a method to characterize resins, kinos and gums in important archaeological and cultural heritage materials in Australia and worldwide.

{"title":"Combining ATR far- and mid-infrared spectroscopy to distinguish native Australian plant exudates for cultural heritage analysis","authors":"Abigail K. Mann , Dominique Appadoo , Claire E. Lenehan , Rachel S. Popelka-Filcoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Native Australian plant exudates are an important material for a variety of cultural uses including hafting materials and pigment binders. Spectroscopic analysis of exudates informs on their composition, properties, use and conservation status. However, native Australian exudates are not as well characterized as European species, although there are often chemical parallels between the two. While mid-IR has been demonstrated as an effective and standard method to distinguish some key exudate species, the fingerprint-region characterisation can become challenging for a particular group of exudates due to spectral similarities or overlaps, and therefore discrimination is not easily achievable. Therefore, the complementary data on molecular interactions observed in the far-IR region can provide additional means to characterize and discriminate between genera. In this study, samples from European artist materials and native Australian exudates were studied by both laboratory-based mid-IR and synchrotron based far-IR. Results from this work include establishing a novel non-destructive far-IR method for plant exudates such as resins, gums and kinos on the molecular level, as well as multivariate statistical analysis to differentiate at both the genera and species level. These outcomes identify an innovative approach to understanding these complex molecular chemistries of plant exudates as well as a method to characterize resins, kinos and gums in important archaeological and cultural heritage materials in Australia and worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Origins of medieval lead glass ornaments in Central Europe in the light of lead isotopic analysis of finds from Wrocław and Sypniewo (Poland)

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106168

Aleksandra Pankiewicz , Ewelina Miśta-Jakubowska , Sylwia Siemianowska , Renata Czech-Błońska , Mariusz Błoński , Ryan Mathur , Jakub Karasiński , Rafał Siuda , Grzegorz Żabiński , Aneta Gójska

Lead glass ornaments are common throughout Central and Eastern Europe from 10th to 13th c. They are regarded as a local product due to the discovery of glass crucibles, semi-finished products and an ore deposit. Technological (electron probe microanalysis) and provenance analyses (lead isotope analyses) of eleven fragments of high-lead-glass jewellery from Wrocław (SW Poland) and high-lead-glass and lead-potassium glass (Slavic lead-ash glass) from Sypniewo (NE Poland) confirmed the use of local lead deposits. The isotopic composition of glass from this area has not yet been determined, except for one site in SW Poland. The chemical analysis shows early medieval glass production originated from the Silesian Upland and Lesser Poland.

引用次数: 0

Bulk-bone ancient metagenomics reveals the transport of South Asian fish across the Himalayas in the 8th century CE

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106157

Qing Wang , Jingkun Ran , Zhengquan Gu , Shungang Chen , Jianglong Guo , Yuanyang Cai , Yu Gao , Shalini Sharma , Jishuai Yang , Yongco , Yan Tong , Yucheng Wang , Xiaoyan Yang

Fish was an important component of (pre)historical consumption products. The study of (pre)historical fish products has been impeded by the morphological identifications in zooarchaeological research, based on poorly preserved fish bones. In this study, we applied the Bulk Bone Shotgun Metagenomic (BBSM) approach to unidentifiable bone fragments excavated from the Kongsangqiao site (dated to 652–768 CE) located on the southern slope of the central Himalayas. Among other species, the low-land South Asian fish species Rohu (Labeo rohita) was identified, marking the first discovery of a South Asian fish species on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau. This new evidence suggests that fish may have been carried by travelers departing from South Asia to provide necessary nutritional sustenance and energy for their long-distance journeys, or was exported from the low-land South Asian plain to the Tibetan Plateau along the ancient Tubo-Nepal Road. The results also show the great potential of ancient DNA analysis on unidentifiable bone fragments in enhancing our understanding of the history of fish utilization.

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引用次数: 0

Spatial analysis of Amazonian Dark Earth formation supports an anthropic origin at the Caldeirão site, Brazil

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106169

Jonas Gregorio de Souza , Jonas Alcaina-Mateos , Carla Lancelotti , Pablo Vidal-Torrado , Marcia R. Calegari , Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira , Gilvan Martins , Rodrigo Santana Macedo , Marco Madella

Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are distinct archaeological sites in the Amazon, characterized by their enriched nutrient content in soil layers. While activities related to human occupation are acknowledged as the primary driver of the geochemical properties of ADEs, the intra-site spatial variations in their formation processes, and how they relate to human settlement, are not completely documented. In this study, we employ geostatistical analysis to investigate spatial variations in the geochemical signature and pottery concentration of ADE at the Caldeirão site, Central Amazon, a site that has sparked ongoing debates due to the revival of a natural genesis hypothesis of ADEs. Our findings reveal non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the ADE geochemical signature at the site, suggesting multiple foci of human activity at different temporal stages. Notably, we document the possible emergence of a semi-circular village pattern, prevalent in other Amazonian contexts, gradually transitioning to a more homogeneous ADE cover during the final stage of occupation. This observed pattern, consistent with archaeological and ethnographic evidence, provides compelling evidence for human activity as the primary driver of ADE formation at Caldeirão, laying to rest the hypothesis of a natural origin.

{"title":"Spatial analysis of Amazonian Dark Earth formation supports an anthropic origin at the Caldeirão site, Brazil","authors":"Jonas Gregorio de Souza , Jonas Alcaina-Mateos , Carla Lancelotti , Pablo Vidal-Torrado , Marcia R. Calegari , Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira , Gilvan Martins , Rodrigo Santana Macedo , Marco Madella","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are distinct archaeological sites in the Amazon, characterized by their enriched nutrient content in soil layers. While activities related to human occupation are acknowledged as the primary driver of the geochemical properties of ADEs, the intra-site spatial variations in their formation processes, and how they relate to human settlement, are not completely documented. In this study, we employ geostatistical analysis to investigate spatial variations in the geochemical signature and pottery concentration of ADE at the Caldeirão site, Central Amazon, a site that has sparked ongoing debates due to the revival of a natural genesis hypothesis of ADEs. Our findings reveal non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the ADE geochemical signature at the site, suggesting multiple foci of human activity at different temporal stages. Notably, we document the possible emergence of a semi-circular village pattern, prevalent in other Amazonian contexts, gradually transitioning to a more homogeneous ADE cover during the final stage of occupation. This observed pattern, consistent with archaeological and ethnographic evidence, provides compelling evidence for human activity as the primary driver of ADE formation at Caldeirão, laying to rest the hypothesis of a natural origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current methods and theory in quantitative zooarchaeology

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106165

Nimrod Marom

Zooarchaeology has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, evolving from a discipline focused on human-animal relationships to a broader investigation of the complex interplay between humans, animals, and environments. This shift is driven by advancements in methodologies, including geometric morphometrics, low-magnification dental dietary analysis, and palaeo-species distribution modelling, which allow for detailed phenotyping and environmental reconstruction. By adopting a niche construction framework, zooarchaeologists can explore the multifaceted ways in which humans and animals have shaped their environments and been shaped by them. This approach offers a unique perspective on the Anthropocene, a geological epoch characterized by human-induced global change. By examining the long-term consequences of human ecosystem engineering, zooarchaeology contributes to a deeper understanding of our impact on the planet and the future of human-animal relations.

引用次数: 0

Frozen motion: Contextualizing wheel rut data within and beyond the Pompeiian street grid

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106155

David Picker-Kille

The past few decades have seen a growing use of GIS in archaeological research to study ancient movement at varying scales. In the case of urban networks, most spatial analyses of street systems have been modelled on pedestrian movement. At the site of Pompeii, however, recent scholarship has highlighted the ways in which the material evidence of the construction, use, and disuse of the street network inherently underlie the importance of vehicular traffic throughout the city. Dividing Pompeii's streets into discrete units of movement, this study geospatially maps wheel-rut measurements collected by the author onto previously published data of Pompeiian street paving and vehicular traffic. The resultant patterns between the paving history, traffic flow, and wheel-rutting across the street network reveal important transformations in the nature and extent of the city's connectivity to the surrounding countryside, and highlight the potential for similar approaches at other ancient urban centers.

引用次数: 0

Early Island rice farmers on the South China Coast during the 7th millennium BP

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106158

Guiyu Zhou , Xinxin Zuo , Zhenyu Zhou , Jianhui Jin , Xuechun Fan , Junjie Wei , Yaoyao Pei , Hui Xie , Yongjun Huang , Lin Ren , Yingjun Lin

The spread of agriculture and population from Mainland East Asia to the islands of Southeast Asia and Oceania was the last far-reaching prehistoric phenomenon in the Pan-Pacific region. However, archaeobotanical data examining whether and when early rice farmers occupied these islands is limited and thus contested. Thus, we performed phytolith, OSL and radiocarbon dating analyses of two Neolithic shell mound sites on Haitan Island on the South China Coast. The new dates were amalgamated with the results of earlier absolute dating studies, providing a chronology for these sites. Our results indicate that the two occupation peaks of the Keqiutou Culture centred between approximately 6800–6300 cal BP and 5800–5300 cal BP. Continuous rice phytolith records—including rice bulliforms—were observed in the Neolithic layers at the two sites. Moreover, rice bulliform phytoliths with ≥9 fish-scale decorations accounted for 41%, higher than the established standard for wild rice, suggesting that rice cultivation had already emerged at 6800 cal BP on Haitan Island and probably earlier. These findings provide the earliest evidence of rice cultivation on Haitan Island, adding evidence of the first farmers’ sea voyages and colonisation of the South China Coast islands.

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