Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献_第7页

From extant to extinct: The role of experiments and interdisciplinary inferences in studying cognitive and language evolution 从现存到灭绝：实验和跨学科推论在研究认知和语言进化中的作用

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106423

Svetlana Kuleshova , Michael Pleyer

This article evaluates the role of experiments and interdisciplinary inferences in the field of language evolution and, more broadly, studies of cognitive evolution. Namely, we assess the inferences made from experiments on extant species about the evolution of extinct ones. We concentrate on the field of language evolution research as a case study of research on cognitive evolution. Specifically, we look at inferences from experiments in three major approaches in language evolution research: comparative psychology, cognitive archaeology, and experimental semiotics. For each approach, we first explain the overall methods they employ, then we summarize important inferences from experimental studies in these fields, and finally, we evaluate to what degree these inferences can be extended to characterizing the cognitive abilities of extinct hominins. Finally, we discuss the role of experimental work for interdisciplinary theory-building in language evolution research and challenges regarding the epistemological commensurability of different approaches. We then propose solutions for increasing the ecological validity and epistemological alignment of experimental investigations of the study of cognitive evolution.

本文评估了实验和跨学科推论在语言进化领域的作用，更广泛地说，认知进化研究。也就是说，我们评估从现存物种的实验中得出的关于灭绝物种进化的推论。我们专注于语言进化研究领域，作为认知进化研究的一个案例研究。具体来说，我们将从比较心理学、认知考古学和实验符号学这三种主要的语言进化研究方法的实验中得出推论。对于每种方法，我们首先解释它们采用的总体方法，然后总结这些领域实验研究的重要推论，最后，我们评估这些推论在多大程度上可以扩展到表征已灭绝人类的认知能力。最后，我们讨论了跨学科理论建设实验工作在语言进化研究中的作用，以及不同方法在认识论上的可通约性所面临的挑战。然后，我们提出了解决方案，以提高生态有效性和认知进化研究的实验调查的认识论一致性。

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引用次数: 0

A bioavailable strontium isoscape for the Andes based on machine learning 基于机器学习的安第斯山脉生物可利用锶同位素图

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106410

Erik J. Marsh , Marcelo Cardillo , Kelly J. Knudson , Allisen Dahlstedt , Ramiro Barberena

This paper presents a compilation of strontium faunal data from South America (n = 633), which are nearly all from the Andes and Patagonia. In order to build isoscapes of bioavailable strontium, we used machine learning to assess spatial relationships with 46 spatial layers, including a high-resolution 1:5 million geological map. Based on the selected variables, we used predicted ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values to make two isoscapes. Isoscape 1 covers the entire study area and is based on three variables: distance to coast, sea salt, and clay percentage; surprisingly, geological age was not a discriminating variable. For Isoscape 2, we focused on a smaller sample from the southern Andes, which meets global expectations that bioavailable strontium correlates with underlying geological age. We compared these isoscapes to human values from two well-studied regions: Mendoza, Argentina, and Moquegua, Peru. In neither case were data sufficient to allow us to adequately geolocate migrants. Toward more robust isoscapes and improved geolocation, we recommend future sampling efforts be built from high-resolution geological maps and consider the potential of smaller but more reliable samples.

本文收集了633份来自南美洲的锶区系资料，这些资料几乎全部来自安第斯山脉和巴塔哥尼亚山脉。为了建立生物可利用锶的等高线，我们使用机器学习来评估46个空间层的空间关系，包括一张高分辨率的150万地质图。根据选取的变量，我们用预测的87Sr/86Sr值绘制了两个等温线。Isoscape 1覆盖了整个研究区域，并基于三个变量：与海岸的距离、海盐和粘土百分比；令人惊讶的是，地质年龄并不是一个区分变量。在Isoscape 2中，我们将重点放在安第斯山脉南部的一个较小的样本上，这符合全球对生物可利用锶与潜在地质年龄相关的期望。我们比较了来自阿根廷门多萨和秘鲁莫克瓜这两个研究充分的地区的等高景观和人类价值。在这两种情况下，数据都不足以使我们对移民进行适当的地理定位。为了获得更可靠的等地图和改进的地理定位，我们建议未来的采样工作建立在高分辨率地质图上，并考虑更小但更可靠的样本的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Cave site formation processes, climate change and hominin activities: A high-resolution microstratigraphic investigation on the terminal Pleistocene deposits at Fodongdi Cave, Yunnan Province, South China 洞址形成过程、气候变化与古人类活动：云南佛洞地洞更新世晚期沉积物的高分辨率微地层研究

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106416

Jin-Xu Wu , Feng Gao , Yu-Xiu Zhang , Hao-Yu Liu , Xue-Zhu Zhao , Kai-Wei Qiu , Michael Storozum , Lisa-Marie Shillito , Xin Jin

High-resolution microstratigraphic investigations of tropical-subtropical cave deposits hold significant potential for profoundly expanding our understanding of how both environmental and anthropogenic factors affect regional sedimentary systems. Recent multi-proxy geoarchaeological research at Fodongdi Cave in Yunnan Province, South China, has uncovered rich Late Palaeolithic sedimentary and archaeological deposits. This study integrates results from soil micromorphology, sedimentology (particle-size, magnetic susceptibility), geochemistry (μFTIR, Raman, μXRF, pXRF), and radiocarbon dating. These analyses reveal various sedimentary, diagenetic, and biogenic formation processes, as well as indicators of anthropogenic activities such as shell midden and combustion features. We identify three main phases of human occupation at Fodongdi Cave (18.4–13.6 cal ka BP), each characterized by distinct types of activities that include a specialist subsistence strategy, long-term occupation within the cave, and activity concentrated near the cave entrance. By comparing our results with high-resolution regional climatic records, we suggest an interactive relationship between terminal Pleistocene climate change and human adaptive strategies in South China and Southeast Asia.

热带-亚热带洞穴沉积物的高分辨率微地层调查具有重要的潜力，可以深刻地扩展我们对环境和人为因素如何影响区域沉积体系的理解。近年来在云南佛洞地洞进行的多代理地质考古研究，发现了丰富的晚旧石器时代沉积和考古矿床。该研究综合了土壤微形态学、沉积学（粒度、磁化率）、地球化学（μFTIR、拉曼、μXRF、pXRF）和放射性碳测年的结果。这些分析揭示了各种沉积、成岩和生物成因的形成过程，以及人类活动的指标，如壳中和燃烧特征。我们确定了佛洞地人类活动的三个主要阶段（18.4-13.6 cal ka BP），每个阶段都有不同的活动类型，包括专业的生存策略、长期的洞穴活动和集中在洞穴入口附近的活动。通过与高分辨率区域气候记录的比较，我们认为华南和东南亚更新世末气候变化与人类适应策略之间存在交互关系。

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引用次数: 0

An understanding of wealth inequality revealed by the Gini coefficient: Insights from prehistoric burial data in the Liyang Plain, China 基尼系数揭示的对财富不平等的理解：来自中国溧阳平原史前埋葬数据的洞察

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106411

Dongdong Li , Suwei Guo

This paper proposes a composite metric for analyzing economic inequality reflected in prehistoric burials by integrating the value of burial goods with the labor investment required for burial construction. This approach helps mitigate interpretive biases that arise from relying on a single dimension of burial wealth assessment. To address the common challenge of small sample sizes in prehistoric burials, we adopt bootstrap resampling and apply appropriate small-sample corrections to the resulting Gini coefficients. Building on the above methods, this paper uses extensive prehistoric burial data from a site on China's Liyang Plain to trace diachronic patterns of economic inequality. The study reveals diachronic patterns of economic inequality, showing that increase in burial wealth inequality was likely tied to hydraulic infrastructure projects and that ritual power concentrated wealth more effectively than political-military power.

本文提出了一种综合指标，通过将陪葬品的价值与陪葬品建设所需的劳动投入相结合，来分析史前墓葬所反映的经济不平等。这种方法有助于减轻由于依赖埋葬财富评估的单一维度而产生的解释偏差。为了解决史前墓葬小样本的共同挑战，我们采用自举重采样，并对所得的基尼系数进行适当的小样本校正。在上述方法的基础上，本文利用中国溧阳平原一处遗址的大量史前埋葬数据来追踪经济不平等的历时模式。该研究揭示了经济不平等的历时模式，表明埋葬财富不平等的增加可能与水利基础设施项目有关，而仪式权力比政治-军事权力更有效地集中了财富。

引用次数: 0

Translocation of sedimentary ancient DNA in archaeological cultural deposits: Mechanism and prospects 考古文化沉积物中沉积古DNA的易位：机制与展望

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106424

Xu Han , Nihanxue Jia , Shihua Hu , Lianfang Feng , Zhengquan Gu , Xiaoyan Yang

Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) extracted from archaeological depositions is an emerging approach in archaeology. Compared to traditional macro- and micro-remain morphological identification-based methods, sedaDNA provides richer information, higher sensitivity, and finer taxonomic resolution. However, the complicated processes of post-depositional disturbances of DNA in archaeological settings, especially DNA translocation, in DNA molecules moving across different cultural layers along with matrices, pose a potential issue that challenges the reliability of sedaDNA applications in archaeological depositions. Here, we summarize the preservation and translocation mechanisms of DNA in sediments, analyze how to face and assess the impact of the translocation problem when applying sedaDNA to archaeological cultural deposits, and propose: 1) to develop appropriate sampling strategies based on site-specific conditions; 2) to apply soil micromorphological and stratigraphic analysis to sedaDNA studies; 3) to conduct systematic comparisons between layers; 4) to conduct more translocation and adsorption simulation experiments; and 5) to carefully interpret results combining other traditional approaches. These need interdisciplinary collaboration among experts in molecular biology, archaeology, soil science, and related fields across multiple stages, including methodological design, sampling, laboratory procedures, and data interpretation. We believe that if the DNA translocations are controlled or avoided, the employ of the sedaDNA method can provide us with unprecedented insights into archaeological science.

从考古沉积物中提取沉积古DNA （sedaDNA）是一种新兴的考古学方法。与传统的基于宏观和微观形态学的鉴定方法相比，sedaDNA提供了更丰富的信息、更高的灵敏度和更精细的分类分辨率。然而，考古环境中DNA沉积后扰动的复杂过程，特别是DNA易位，DNA分子随着基质在不同文化层中移动，构成了一个潜在的问题，挑战了sedaDNA在考古沉积中应用的可靠性。本文总结了沉积物中DNA的保存和易位机制，分析了在考古文化沉积物中应用sedaDNA时如何面对和评估易位问题的影响，并提出：1)根据现场具体情况制定适当的采样策略；2)将土壤微形态和地层分析应用于sedaDNA研究；3)进行层间系统比较；4)进行更多的易位和吸附模拟实验；5)结合其他传统方法仔细解读结果。这些需要分子生物学、考古学、土壤科学和相关领域的专家跨多个阶段进行跨学科合作，包括方法设计、采样、实验室程序和数据解释。我们相信，如果DNA易位得到控制或避免，那么采用sedaDNA方法可以为我们提供前所未有的考古科学见解。

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引用次数: 0

Scaffolding minds? Toolmaking complexity and brain evolution in the hominin record 脚手架思想吗?古人类记录中工具制造的复杂性和大脑的进化

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106412

Alla A. Movsesian

The Material Culture Scaffold Hypothesis (MCSH) proposes that durable tool traditions acted as external scaffolds for cognition, creating reciprocal feedbacks between technological elaboration and brain evolution. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed lithic procedural-unit (PU) data from 13 Paleolithic assemblages (2.35 Ma–32 ka) alongside taxon-level mean endocranial volumes (ECV). Procedural depth was distinguished into conservative units (PU_C), indexing routine, reversible steps, and non-conservative units (PU_NC), indexing irreversible, dependency-laden operations with higher executive demands. Ordinary least squares and cluster-robust regressions reveal positive associations between both PU measures and ECV, with PU_NC providing the more consistent predictor (R² ≈ 0.50). Temporal analyses show gradual increases in PU_C, PU_NC, and ECV over ∼2.4 million years, with steep acceleration of PU_NC and brain volume in the Late Pleistocene. Taxonomic contrasts clarify this trajectory: early Homo and Mid-Pleistocene Homo (s.l.) remain confined to low-complexity, small-volume ranges; Neanderthals reach high PU values but with limited recurrence; Homo sapiens repeatedly generated and stabilized deep procedural chains across multiple contexts. These results support the hypothesis that toolmaking elaboration and encephalization were mutually reinforcing, with externalized technological routines structuring developmental and selective environments. Independent experimental and neuroimaging research further supports this interpretation, showing that complex knapping engages frontal executive networks and increases working-memory and planning demands. Although constrained by sample size and proxy measures, the findings highlight procedural depth as a useful bridge between archaeological evidence and cognitive evolution, consistent with broader models of gene–culture co-evolution.

物质文化支架假说（MCSH）提出，耐用的工具传统充当了认知的外部支架，在技术精细化和大脑进化之间产生了相互反馈。为了验证这一假设，我们分析了来自13个旧石器时代组合（2.35 Ma-32 ka）的岩屑程序单元（PU）数据以及分类群水平的平均颅内体积（ECV）。过程深度分为保守单元（PU_C），索引例程，可逆步骤；非保守单元（PU_NC），索引不可逆，依赖负载操作，执行要求较高。普通最小二乘法和聚类鲁棒性回归显示PU测量和ECV之间存在正相关，其中PU_NC提供了更一致的预测因子（R2≈0.50）。时间分析显示，在大约240万年的时间里，PU_C、PU_NC和ECV逐渐增加，在晚更新世，PU_NC和脑容量急剧加速。分类对比澄清了这一轨迹：早期人属和中更新世人属（s.l）仍然局限于低复杂性、小体积范围；尼安德特人的PU值较高，但复发率有限；智人在多种情境中反复生成并稳定了深层程序链。这些结果支持了一种假设，即工具制造精细化和脑化是相互加强的，外化的技术程序构建了发展和选择的环境。独立的实验和神经成像研究进一步支持了这一解释，表明复杂的敲击活动涉及额叶执行网络，并增加了工作记忆和计划需求。尽管受到样本量和代理测量的限制，研究结果强调程序深度是考古证据和认知进化之间的有用桥梁，与基因-文化共同进化的更广泛模型一致。

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引用次数: 0

The economics of Late Bronze age gold mining by the Egyptian New Kingdom in Nubia 埃及新王国在努比亚的青铜时代晚期金矿开采的经济学

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106420

Leigh Bettenay, James Ross

This paper provides the first quantitative estimates of the profitability (in the sense of reward for effort) of gold mining in Antiquity. We have developed and assessed four models for New Kingdom gold mining in Nubia, during this period of peak gold production. These are: mining from oxidised lodes (OLM), proximal alluvial placer deposits in desert wadis (PAP), alluvial placer deposits along the Nile (NAP), and alluvial clast mining (ACM). The last refers to selective extraction of gold-bearing clasts (“quartz chunks”) from wadi alluvium and has become an archaeological focus in Nubia. We examine two variants: proximal to the source lodes (ACM-P) and distal in larger catchments (ACM-D).

Daily worker productivity has been estimated for each step in the chaîne opératoire using parameters drawn from: records of 19th century miners in isolated locations and reliant on simple technologies; modern artisanal miners; recent observations in Nubia and along the Nile; and limited experimentation. Gold production in each model is standardized to a 50-day expedition of 50 people.

Under our base-case parameters all models, except for distal clast mining (ACM-D), are profitable: they produce more gold than required to pay the workers. The main factor is the low cost of labour in New Kingdom Egypt, when priced in gold. However, only the placer models (PAP and NAP) can generate large returns within realistic modelling parameters, because their free gold particles can be simply recovered by screening and washing. In contrast, lode and clast mining methods (OLM and ACM) must allocate most of the workforce to crushing and grinding ore to liberate gold before recovery. Clast mining is further disadvantaged by barren sediment dilution and is only viable in small catchments close to source lodes.

New Kingdom Egypt expanded into previously unmined areas of Nubia and along the Nile and therefore enjoyed “first-mover” status over large areas of richly endowed goldfields. By analogy with virgin goldfields in Australia and California, where substantial placer gold dominated earliest production, they had access to numerous unworked deposits with grades perhaps significantly higher than assumed in our models. A surge in New Kingdom gold production was likely, followed by an inevitable decline after depletion of best resources.

本文首次对古代黄金开采的盈利能力（在努力回报的意义上）进行了定量估计。在这个黄金生产高峰时期，我们为努比亚的新王国金矿开采开发并评估了四种模型。这些方法包括：氧化矿脉（OLM）开采、沙漠河谷（PAP）近端冲积砂矿开采、尼罗河沿岸冲积砂矿开采（NAP）和冲积碎屑开采（ACM）。最后一种是指从瓦迪冲积层中选择性提取含金碎屑（“石英块”），已成为努比亚考古的焦点。我们研究了两种变体：近端到源脉（ACM-P）和远端在较大的集水区（ACM-D）。根据以下参数估算了cha ne opsamatire中每个步骤的日常工人生产率：19世纪偏远地区依赖简单技术的矿工的记录；现代手工矿工；最近在努比亚和尼罗河沿岸的观察；实验也很有限。每个模型的黄金产量都被标准化为50人的50天探险。在我们的基本情况参数下，除了远端碎屑采矿（ACM-D），所有模型都是有利可图的：它们生产的黄金比支付工人所需的要多。主要因素是新王国埃及的劳动力成本较低（以黄金计价）。然而，只有砂矿模型（PAP和NAP）可以在现实的建模参数范围内产生大的回报，因为它们的游离金颗粒可以通过筛选和洗涤简单地回收。相比之下，矿脉和碎屑开采方法（OLM和ACM）必须将大部分劳动力分配给破碎和研磨矿石，以便在回收之前释放黄金。由于贫瘠沉积物的稀释，碎屑开采进一步处于不利地位，只能在靠近源矿脉的小集水区进行。新王国时期的埃及扩张到以前未开矿的努比亚地区和尼罗河沿岸，因此在拥有丰富金矿的大片地区享有“先行者”地位。与澳大利亚和加利福尼亚的原始金矿类似，在那里大量的砂金主导了最早的生产，他们可以获得大量未开采的矿床，其品位可能远远高于我们模型中的假设。新王国的黄金产量可能会激增，但在最佳资源枯竭后，随之而来的是不可避免的下降。

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引用次数: 0

Mobility patterning during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age in north-central Myanmar 缅甸中北部新石器时代和青铜时代的人口流动模式

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106418

Baptiste Pradier , Argyro Nafplioti , Alexandra V. Turchyn , Harold J. Bradbury , Matthew J. Cooper , Daw Kay Htwe Oo , U Saw Naing Oo , Anna Willis , Frédérique Valentin , T.O. Pryce

This study examines patterns of human mobility between two archaeological sites in north-central Myanmar during the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age (late 2nd to early 1st millennium BC). By analysing strontium isotope ratios in an interindividual as well as an intraindividual approach, we reveal that individual mobility was more pronounced during the Neolithic period (larger range of strontium isotope ratios), likely linked to the exploitation of a broader subsistence area. In contrast, the Bronze Age shows a shift towards smaller mobility, with the majority of individuals exhibiting local strontium isotopic compositions. Notably, a small number of individuals with distinct strontium isotopic signatures were associated with unique funerary practices. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to subsistence strategies and cultural transformations between the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. This research offers valuable insights into mobility, subsistence, and social dynamics in late prehistoric Myanmar, contributing to broader discussions within the contexts of Mainland Southeast Asia and southern China.

本研究考察了新石器时代晚期和青铜时代早期（公元前2世纪末至公元前1千年初）缅甸中北部两个考古遗址之间的人类流动模式。通过分析个体间和个体内部的锶同位素比率，我们发现新石器时代的个体流动性更为明显（锶同位素比率的范围更大），这可能与更广泛的生存区域的开发有关。相比之下，青铜器时代显示出向较小流动性的转变，大多数个体显示出当地的锶同位素组成。值得注意的是，少数具有独特锶同位素特征的个体与独特的丧葬习俗有关。我们讨论了这些发现与新石器时代晚期和青铜时代早期之间的生存策略和文化转变有关的含义。这项研究为史前晚期缅甸的流动、生存和社会动态提供了有价值的见解，有助于在东南亚大陆和中国南方的背景下进行更广泛的讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Mycenaean roads in the Peloponnese, Greece: Least-cost path modelling using R and Movecost 希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛的迈锡尼道路：使用R和Movecost的最低成本路径建模

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106414

Christopher Nuttall , Jovan Kovačević

This study evaluates multiple methodologies and their variants for Least Cost Path (LCP) modelling, applied in combination with different Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), to explore the broader applicability of the Movecost package, using the Mycenaean Road networks of the Peloponnese (Greece) as case studies. Using a geographic information system (GIS) and the R programming environment, this paper employs the Movecost package for the R statistical package to simulate ancient routes based on existing road segments. By integrating a variety of functions and parameters, this study evaluates their effectiveness across different DEMs, including both Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM (SRTM-DEM) and Copernicus DEM (COP-DEM) at 30 m spatial resolution. The study also examines how varying these parameters can lead to different modelling outcomes, underscoring the necessity of calibrating least-cost analysis to specific regional contexts. The road segments around Nichoria (Messenia), Ayios Ioannis Kazarma (Argolis), and in the Berbati Valley (Argolis), provide a historical canvas against which these methodological innovations are tested with the ultimate aim of exploring the capabilities of the Movecost package and how different combinations of DEM, function, parameter, and path points can effectively model the route through the existing road remains, highlighting the variability and context-specific nature of LCP modelling. The results suggest that the 'Wheeled-vehicle critical cost function' (WCS) was effective in modelling the roads through the extant remains based on start and endpoints suggested by previous research and posited by this paper. These results further suggest that Mycenaean roads likely served as key infrastructure links between major centres and ports or harbours, underscoring their role in facilitating regional trade and communication. However, this outcome represents one of several possible results, as the appropriateness of functions and the parameters tested depend on the specific landscape and archaeological context. This underscores the importance of careful parameter selection, providing insights into the economic and social landscapes of Mycenaean Greece, while also highlighting the potential of integrating spatial data with robust computational tools to enhance our understanding of ancient infrastructure.

本研究评估了最低成本路径（LCP）建模的多种方法及其变化，结合不同的数字高程模型（dem），以伯罗奔尼撒半岛（希腊）迈锡尼道路网络为案例研究，探索Movecost包的更广泛适用性。本文利用地理信息系统（GIS）和R编程环境，利用Movecost包对R统计包进行基于现有路段的古代路线模拟。通过整合各种功能和参数，本研究评估了它们在不同DEM中的有效性，包括30 m空间分辨率的航天飞机雷达地形任务DEM （SRTM-DEM）和哥白尼DEM （COP-DEM）。该研究还考察了这些参数的变化如何导致不同的建模结果，强调了根据特定区域背景校准最低成本分析的必要性。Nichoria （Messenia）、Ayios Ioannis Kazarma （Argolis）和Berbati Valley （Argolis）周围的路段提供了一个历史背景，这些方法创新将在此基础上进行测试，最终目的是探索Movecost包的功能，以及DEM、功能、参数和路径点的不同组合如何有效地通过现有的道路遗迹对路线进行建模，突出LCP建模的可变性和特定环境的性质。结果表明，“车轮车辆临界成本函数”（WCS）可以有效地模拟现有遗迹的道路，该模型基于先前研究提出的起点和终点，并由本文提出。这些结果进一步表明，迈锡尼道路可能是连接主要中心和港口或港口的关键基础设施，强调了它们在促进区域贸易和交流方面的作用。然而，这个结果代表了几种可能的结果之一，因为功能的适当性和测试参数取决于具体的景观和考古背景。这强调了仔细选择参数的重要性，提供了对迈锡尼希腊经济和社会景观的见解，同时也强调了将空间数据与强大的计算工具相结合的潜力，以增强我们对古代基础设施的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Ageing dogs and wolves using x-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT): an application to canid remains from the Junction Site, Alberta, Canada 衰老的狗和狼使用x射线微计算机断层扫描（μ-CT）：在加拿大阿尔伯塔省交界处遗址的犬科动物遗骸上的应用

IF 2.5 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106417

Megan Bieraugle , Brian Vivian , Abbey E. Wilson , Naima Jutha , H. Dean Cluff , Robert J. Losey

Evidence for relationships between people, dogs, and wolves can be found across much of the world. Methods for studying archaeological canid remains, particularly where sex or age is concerned, are limited. Reliable estimations of age at death could provide insights into the long and complex relationships people had with canids, including how they vary geographically, temporally, and by species. This study uses X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) to examine mandibular 1st molar root cross-sections for age estimation. Cementum is a reliable indicator of age in canids because it accumulates incrementally and resists remodelling. The proportion of cross-sectional area comprised of cementum (%C) is assessed for its correlation with age in 13 cementum aged modern wolves and 11 known-aged modern dogs. This study demonstrates that %C, visualized using μ-CT techniques, is an effective tool for determining the age at death for dogs and wolves (combined as a single group), with an error margin of 1.65 years. Taxon-specific %C regressions offer higher resolution, with error margins of 1.68 years for dogs and 1.45 years for wolves; however, sample sizes are small. The method is then applied to archaeological canids from the Junction site (DkPi-2) in Alberta, Canada. These techniques indicate that a few dogs and many wolves of all ages were present at the site, including juvenile/young adult, prime-age adults, and senescent individuals. Explaining this pattern is challenging, but it likely involved a combination of natural deaths, culling, predation, and some wolf-human conflict.

人类、狗和狼之间关系的证据可以在世界上很多地方找到。研究考古犬科动物遗骸的方法是有限的，特别是在性别和年龄方面。对死亡年龄的可靠估计可以让我们深入了解人类与犬科动物之间长期而复杂的关系，包括它们在地理上、时间上和物种上的差异。本研究采用x射线微计算机断层扫描（μ-CT）对下颌第一磨牙根横截面进行年龄估计。牙骨质是犬科动物年龄的可靠指标，因为它会逐渐积累并抵抗重塑。在13只骨质老化的现代狼和11只已知年龄的现代狗中，评估了骨质组成的横截面积比例（%C）与年龄的相关性。本研究表明，使用μ-CT技术可视化的%C是确定狗和狼（作为单一组）死亡年龄的有效工具，误差范围为1.65岁。分类群特异性的%C回归提供了更高的分辨率，狗和狼的误差范围分别为1.68年和1.45年；然而，样本量很小。然后将该方法应用于加拿大阿尔伯塔省交界处遗址（DkPi-2）的考古犬科动物。这些技术表明，在这个地点有一些狗和许多不同年龄的狼，包括少年/青年成年，壮年成年和老年个体。解释这种模式很有挑战性，但它可能涉及自然死亡、扑杀、捕食和一些狼与人的冲突。

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