Journal of Archaeological Science最新文献_第2页

Exploring the rhenium-osmium isotopic system and metal trace-elements analysis for iron provenance 探讨铼锇同位素体系及铁物源的金属微量元素分析

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106134

Adi Eliyahu-Behar , Ivan Stepanov , Ernst Pernicka , Michael Brauns

Although programs focusing on the provenance of ancient iron are becoming more common in archaeometallurgical research, no standardised approach currently exists. Recent studies have shown the potential of osmium (¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os) isotope analysis as a robust and effective method. It was also shown that trace element composition analysis, of the metal phase, provides a complementary fingerprint to refine hypotheses about the origins of archaeological iron, and to overcome the overlapping of isotopic signatures. This study further explores the potential of the rhenium-osmium isotope system and the ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os isotope ratio as an additional parameter for distinguishing ore sources.

By analysing metallurgical products smelted experimentally, this research utilises the residual solutions from Os and Re isotope analysis (conducted via Carius tube digestion) to directly determine the concentrations of 12 trace elements within the metal phase (Cr, V, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, As, Sb, Sn, Zn, W, Pb) using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study also qualitatively compares the efficiency of this method against results obtained by laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of polished blocks. Findings demonstrate that the new method offers better comparability with Os and Re concentrations. Moreover, the study identifies two siderophile (Co, Ni) and four chalcophile elements (Mo, Cu, As, Sb) that exhibit near-complete reduction from ore to metal in the bloomery process while also highlighting the potential of the ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os isotope ratio for distinguishing ore sources. Thus, the study enhances the potential for large-scale diachronic and synchronic investigations of ancient iron artifacts, providing critical insights into metallurgical practices and their socio-economic and political contexts.

尽管关注古代铁的来源的项目在考古冶金研究中变得越来越普遍，但目前还没有标准化的方法。近年来的研究表明，锇（187Os/188Os）同位素分析是一种可靠而有效的方法。研究还表明，金属相的微量元素组成分析为完善考古铁的起源假设提供了补充指纹，并克服了同位素特征的重叠。本研究进一步探讨了铼锇同位素系统和187Re/188Os同位素比值作为鉴别矿源的附加参数的潜力。

{"title":"Exploring the rhenium-osmium isotopic system and metal trace-elements analysis for iron provenance","authors":"Adi Eliyahu-Behar , Ivan Stepanov , Ernst Pernicka , Michael Brauns","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although programs focusing on the provenance of ancient iron are becoming more common in archaeometallurgical research, no standardised approach currently exists. Recent studies have shown the potential of osmium (<sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os) isotope analysis as a robust and effective method. It was also shown that trace element composition analysis, of the metal phase, provides a complementary fingerprint to refine hypotheses about the origins of archaeological iron, and to overcome the overlapping of isotopic signatures. This study further explores the potential of the rhenium-osmium isotope system and the <sup>187</sup>Re/<sup>188</sup>Os isotope ratio as an additional parameter for distinguishing ore sources.</div><div>By analysing metallurgical products smelted experimentally, this research utilises the residual solutions from Os and Re isotope analysis (conducted via Carius tube digestion) to directly determine the concentrations of 12 trace elements within the metal phase (Cr, V, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, As, Sb, Sn, Zn, W, Pb) using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study also qualitatively compares the efficiency of this method against results obtained by laser ablation ICP-MS analyses of polished blocks. Findings demonstrate that the new method offers better comparability with Os and Re concentrations. Moreover, the study identifies two siderophile (Co, Ni) and four chalcophile elements (Mo, Cu, As, Sb) that exhibit near-complete reduction from ore to metal in the bloomery process while also highlighting the potential of the <sup>1</sup><sup>87</sup>Re/<sup>1</sup><sup>88</sup>Os isotope ratio for distinguishing ore sources. Thus, the study enhances the potential for large-scale diachronic and synchronic investigations of ancient iron artifacts, providing critical insights into metallurgical practices and their socio-economic and political contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First provenance evidence for lapis lazuli artefacts from Arabia: Analytical study of beads from the Umm an-Nar tomb DH7-1 at Dahwa, Sultanate of Oman 阿拉伯天青石文物的首个来源证据：对阿曼苏丹达瓦乌姆安-纳尔墓DH7-1中珠子的分析研究

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106131

Marta Magalini , Laura Guidorzi , Alessandro Re , Dennys Frenez , Kimberly D. Williams , Khaled A. Douglas , Nasser S. al-Jahwari , Quentin Lemasson , Claire Pacheco , Laurent Pichon , Brice Moignard , Alessandro Lo Giudice

In this work, two wholly preserved lapis lazuli beads from an Umm An-Nar-type communal tomb excavated in Dahwa (2500-2000 BCE, Sultanate of Oman) have been analysed by means of non-invasive analytical techniques to try to determine the provenance of their raw material. The importance of these beads is due to the fact that they are possibly among the earliest lapis lazuli objects found in south-eastern Arabia to date. The combined results of the provenance and stylistic investigations presented in this work aim to assess the geological origin of the raw material used to produce these beads as well as their cultural affiliation, providing crucial insights into reconstructing the lapis lazuli trade between Western Asia and the Mediterranean during the third millennium BCE. To identify the lapis lazuli provenance, in-air ion microbeam techniques were used to measure the trace elements content and the luminescent properties of different mineralogical phases within the lapis lazuli rock. Data were compared with those collected over the past 15 years on rocks from five mining areas in Chile, Afghanistan, Siberia, Tajikistan and Myanmar. Using a protocol based on this rock database and exploiting a multivariate method (principal component analysis) on the compositional results, it was possible to prove that the raw material of the beads only matched the Afghan quarry district.

在这项工作中，通过非侵入式分析技术分析了在达瓦（公元前2500-2000年，阿曼苏丹国）发掘的乌姆安纳尔型公共墓中发现的两颗保存完好的青金石珠子，试图确定其原材料的来源。这些珠子的重要性在于，它们可能是迄今为止在阿拉伯东南部发现的最早的青金石物品之一。在这项工作中提出的来源和风格调查的综合结果旨在评估用于生产这些珠子的原材料的地质来源以及它们的文化联系，为重建公元前第三千年西亚和地中海之间的青金石贸易提供重要的见解。为了鉴定青金石的物源，采用空气离子微束技术测定了青金石岩石中不同矿物学相的微量元素含量和发光性质。这些数据与过去15年从智利、阿富汗、西伯利亚、塔吉克斯坦和缅甸五个矿区收集的岩石数据进行了比较。使用基于该岩石数据库的协议并利用成分结果的多元方法（主成分分析），有可能证明珠子的原材料仅与阿富汗采石场地区相匹配。

{"title":"First provenance evidence for lapis lazuli artefacts from Arabia: Analytical study of beads from the Umm an-Nar tomb DH7-1 at Dahwa, Sultanate of Oman","authors":"Marta Magalini , Laura Guidorzi , Alessandro Re , Dennys Frenez , Kimberly D. Williams , Khaled A. Douglas , Nasser S. al-Jahwari , Quentin Lemasson , Claire Pacheco , Laurent Pichon , Brice Moignard , Alessandro Lo Giudice","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, two wholly preserved lapis lazuli beads from an Umm An-Nar-type communal tomb excavated in Dahwa (2500-2000 BCE, Sultanate of Oman) have been analysed by means of non-invasive analytical techniques to try to determine the provenance of their raw material. The importance of these beads is due to the fact that they are possibly among the earliest lapis lazuli objects found in south-eastern Arabia to date. The combined results of the provenance and stylistic investigations presented in this work aim to assess the geological origin of the raw material used to produce these beads as well as their cultural affiliation, providing crucial insights into reconstructing the lapis lazuli trade between Western Asia and the Mediterranean during the third millennium BCE. To identify the lapis lazuli provenance, in-air ion microbeam techniques were used to measure the trace elements content and the luminescent properties of different mineralogical phases within the lapis lazuli rock. Data were compared with those collected over the past 15 years on rocks from five mining areas in Chile, Afghanistan, Siberia, Tajikistan and Myanmar. Using a protocol based on this rock database and exploiting a multivariate method (principal component analysis) on the compositional results, it was possible to prove that the raw material of the beads only matched the Afghan quarry district.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative study of Bronze Age ceramic moulds reveals diachronic and spatial change in mould material processing in the Central Plain of China, c. 13th-3rd century BCE

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106145

Naidong Liu , Cong Wang , Michela Spataro , Jianli Chen , Siran Liu , Yu Liu , Quanyu Wang

A combination of polarised light microscopy analyses with geochemical techniques interpreted through Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was employed to characterise ceramic bronze-casting moulds from China. Eighty-three ceramic bronze-casting moulds from five Bronze Age foundries, and seven soil samples from three of the five sites in the Central Plain of China were analysed, including Houma, the largest foundry site found to date in China. The results show two main differences in the body fabrics of these moulds: the presence/absence of calcite, and the mode of the quartz's particle size distribution, indicating a difference in the bronze-casting mould manufacturing techniques employed at each site.

This is the first time that a large number of Bronze Age moulds dated to different periods and from different regions were analysed by the complementary use of these two techniques, and the results indicate a diachronic and spatial change in mould material processing. This work will help understand bronze production in different regions of the Central Plain, and serve as a base to the establishment of a comprehensive database on ceramic bronze-casting moulds produced in different regions during the Chinese Bronze Age.

{"title":"Comparative study of Bronze Age ceramic moulds reveals diachronic and spatial change in mould material processing in the Central Plain of China, c. 13th-3rd century BCE","authors":"Naidong Liu , Cong Wang , Michela Spataro , Jianli Chen , Siran Liu , Yu Liu , Quanyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A combination of polarised light microscopy analyses with geochemical techniques interpreted through Principal Component Analyses (PCA) was employed to characterise ceramic bronze-casting moulds from China. Eighty-three ceramic bronze-casting moulds from five Bronze Age foundries, and seven soil samples from three of the five sites in the Central Plain of China were analysed, including Houma, the largest foundry site found to date in China. The results show two main differences in the body fabrics of these moulds: the presence/absence of calcite, and the mode of the quartz's particle size distribution, indicating a difference in the bronze-casting mould manufacturing techniques employed at each site.</div><div>This is the first time that a large number of Bronze Age moulds dated to different periods and from different regions were analysed by the complementary use of these two techniques, and the results indicate a diachronic and spatial change in mould material processing. This work will help understand bronze production in different regions of the Central Plain, and serve as a base to the establishment of a comprehensive database on ceramic bronze-casting moulds produced in different regions during the Chinese Bronze Age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixed Sources of Pb and Sn in late bronze age European tin ingots provide insights into production processes 在青铜时代晚期的欧洲锡锭中，铅和锡的混合来源提供了对生产过程的见解

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106135

W. Powell , R. Mathur , K.A. Yener , M. Johnson

Tin ingots have been the focus of multi-method studies involving Sn and Pb isotopes, as well as trace element patterns, in an effort to determine provenance. Although they are non-alloyed artifacts, it has been demonstrated recently that the Pb in most tin ingots was acquired from multiple sources. Herein, we re-examine the corpus of analytical chemical and isotopic studies of European tin ingots from prehistory to investigate the nature and extent of metal mixing in these objects. Multi-variable mixing trends were identified in 20% of Uluburun ingots and 50% of Israeli ingots. A general Pb-associated mixing trend observed throughout the full assemblage of oxhide ingots in the Uluburun cargo suggests that the extent of mixing is considerably higher. The absence of mixing patterns in Sn and Pb isotopes and small size of the ingots from SW England suggests simple one-pour casts of small ingots. In contrast, the extensive mixing in large Mediterranean ingots demonstrates that amalgamation and recasting of tin metal was commonplace within this region of extensive long-distance exchange. Mixing trends were also identified for trace elements including Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, Te, Ta, Au, and Bi. The complex mixing patterns associated with Mediterranean tin ingots provide new information regarding the habitus of workers engaged in the chaîne opératoire of tin production, including ore purification, contamination during smelting and/or casting, and the recasting of tin to facilitate transport and exchange in the large-scale, standardized markets of the eastern Mediterranean. Given the apparent extent of mixing evident in tin ingots, mixed metal sources must be considered when interpreting the isotopic and trace element compositions of tin artifacts to infer the metal's provenance.

锡锭一直是多方法研究的焦点，包括锡和铅同位素，以及微量元素模式，以确定来源。虽然它们是非合金制品，但最近已经证明，大多数锡锭中的Pb来自多个来源。在此，我们重新检查了史前欧洲锡锭的分析化学和同位素研究的语料库，以调查这些物体中金属混合的性质和程度。在20%的Uluburun铸锭和50%的以色列铸锭中发现了多变量混合趋势。在Uluburun货物的整个牛皮锭组合中观察到的与铅有关的混合趋势表明，混合程度要高得多。在英格兰西南部发现的锡、铅同位素中没有混合模式，且锭的尺寸较小，表明小锭是简单的一次浇注。相比之下，大型地中海铸锭的广泛混合表明，锡金属的合并和重铸在这个广泛的长途交换地区是司空见惯的。微量元素Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Nb、Cd、In、Sb、Te、Ta、Au和Bi的混合趋势也被确定。与地中海锡锭有关的复杂混合模式提供了关于从事锡生产的chalne opacimatire工人的习惯的新信息，包括矿石净化，冶炼和/或铸造期间的污染，以及锡的重新铸造以促进在地中海东部大规模标准化市场的运输和交换。考虑到锡锭中明显的混合程度，在解释锡制品的同位素和微量元素组成以推断金属的来源时，必须考虑混合金属来源。

{"title":"Mixed Sources of Pb and Sn in late bronze age European tin ingots provide insights into production processes","authors":"W. Powell , R. Mathur , K.A. Yener , M. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tin ingots have been the focus of multi-method studies involving Sn and Pb isotopes, as well as trace element patterns, in an effort to determine provenance. Although they are non-alloyed artifacts, it has been demonstrated recently that the Pb in most tin ingots was acquired from multiple sources. Herein, we re-examine the corpus of analytical chemical and isotopic studies of European tin ingots from prehistory to investigate the nature and extent of metal mixing in these objects. Multi-variable mixing trends were identified in 20% of Uluburun ingots and 50% of Israeli ingots. A general Pb-associated mixing trend observed throughout the full assemblage of oxhide ingots in the Uluburun cargo suggests that the extent of mixing is considerably higher. The absence of mixing patterns in Sn and Pb isotopes and small size of the ingots from SW England suggests simple one-pour casts of small ingots. In contrast, the extensive mixing in large Mediterranean ingots demonstrates that amalgamation and recasting of tin metal was commonplace within this region of extensive long-distance exchange. Mixing trends were also identified for trace elements including Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Nb, Cd, In, Sb, Te, Ta, Au, and Bi. The complex mixing patterns associated with Mediterranean tin ingots provide new information regarding the <em>habitus</em> of workers engaged in the <em>chaîne opératoire</em> of tin production, including ore purification, contamination during smelting and/or casting, and the recasting of tin to facilitate transport and exchange in the large-scale, standardized markets of the eastern Mediterranean. Given the apparent extent of mixing evident in tin ingots, mixed metal sources must be considered when interpreting the isotopic and trace element compositions of tin artifacts to infer the metal's provenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of accessibility and saturation of the Roman transport network in the urban development of the Iberian Peninsula 伊比利亚半岛城市发展中罗马交通网络的可达性和饱和度的影响

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106126

C. Carreras, P. De Soto, N. Romaní

引用次数: 0

The 12th century bronze doors of Bonanno di Pisa in Monreale and Pisa: Materials and manufacture Monreale和比萨Bonanno di Pisa的12世纪青铜门：材料和制造

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130

M. Mödlinger , M. Bassi , J. Bontadi , M. Fellin , M. Fera , M. Negri , C. Usai , J. Utz , G. Ghiara

Bonanno di Pisa is, next to Barisano di Trani and Oderisius of Benevento, amongst the most renowned mediaeval Italian bronze casters. Bonanno is responsible for the biggest mediaeval metal door, the almost 8 m high main door of the Cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, built in 1185/1186, and the San Ranieri door of the Cathedral of Pisa, Tuscany, finished in 1180. He was also responsible for the Porta Reale (also Cathedral of Pisa; 1179/1180), which was destroyed in the 1595 fire. Contemporary doors made of bronze or brass are rare: from the 12th century, only about 17 doors are still preserved, nevertheless being part of the biggest complex of mediaeval monumental bronzes. In this paper, the chemical composition as well as manufacturing and assembling of the two preserved doors are discussed. Both the Pisa and Monreale doors were made of leaded tin bronze. In the case of Monreale, chemical analysis confirmed the art historical suspicion that the central leaf was not from Bonanno's workshop, as indicated by a different style and chemical composition. We also identified the types of wood used for the wooden elements of the doors, mainly silver fir (Monreale) and elm (Pisa).

比萨的博纳诺与特拉尼的巴里萨诺和贝内文托的奥德里修斯一样，是中世纪意大利最著名的青铜铸造者之一。Bonanno负责最大的中世纪金属门，西西里岛Monreale大教堂近8米高的正门，建于1185/1186年，以及托斯卡纳比萨大教堂的圣拉涅利门，完成于1180年。他还负责了皇家门（也称为比萨大教堂）；1179/1180)，在1595年的大火中被毁。由青铜或黄铜制成的当代门非常罕见：从12世纪开始，只有大约17扇门仍然保存下来，尽管如此，它们是中世纪青铜纪念物最大建筑群的一部分。本文讨论了两种保存门的化学成分、制作和组装方法。比萨门和蒙里尔门都是用含铅锡青铜制成的。在Monreale的案例中，化学分析证实了艺术史上的怀疑，即中央叶子不是来自Bonanno的工作室，这表明了不同的风格和化学成分。我们还确定了用于门的木制元素的木材类型，主要是银杉（Monreale）和榆树（Pisa）。

{"title":"The 12th century bronze doors of Bonanno di Pisa in Monreale and Pisa: Materials and manufacture","authors":"M. Mödlinger , M. Bassi , J. Bontadi , M. Fellin , M. Fera , M. Negri , C. Usai , J. Utz , G. Ghiara","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bonanno di Pisa is, next to Barisano di Trani and Oderisius of Benevento, amongst the most renowned mediaeval Italian bronze casters. Bonanno is responsible for the biggest mediaeval metal door, the almost 8 m high main door of the Cathedral of Monreale, Sicily, built in 1185/1186, and the San Ranieri door of the Cathedral of Pisa, Tuscany, finished in 1180. He was also responsible for the Porta Reale (also Cathedral of Pisa; 1179/1180), which was destroyed in the 1595 fire. Contemporary doors made of bronze or brass are rare: from the 12th century, only about 17 doors are still preserved, nevertheless being part of the biggest complex of mediaeval monumental bronzes. In this paper, the chemical composition as well as manufacturing and assembling of the two preserved doors are discussed. Both the Pisa and Monreale doors were made of leaded tin bronze. In the case of Monreale, chemical analysis confirmed the art historical suspicion that the central leaf was not from Bonanno's workshop, as indicated by a different style and chemical composition. We also identified the types of wood used for the wooden elements of the doors, mainly silver fir (Monreale) and elm (Pisa).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New evidence of the supra-regional marble trade network in Thrace, through the archaeometric study of sculptures in Roman Philippopolis 通过对罗马腓力波里雕塑的考古研究，为色雷斯的超区域大理石贸易网络提供了新的证据

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128

Vasiliki Anevlavi , Walter Prochaska , Petya Andreeva , Sabine Ladstätter

The current assessment of marble sources in the Mediterranean, drawing from prior publications, reveals notable disparities in the distribution of raw materials across the region. Specifically, data on marble sources in the Balkans, including the Roman province of Thrace, are notably underrepresented, stressing the need for a more comprehensive analysis. Marble provenance studies contribute to a better understanding of the economy and the societal structure of the area and may serve as a model for other larger-scale research of local quarries and ancient sites, as well as the connections and the long-distance trade and sub-regional/regional marble markets. The case study of Philippopolis (mod. Plovdiv, Bulgaria) projects the phenomenon of ‘localism’ by prioritising the local raw material, the local production and consumption of goods. However, on certain occasions, the province kept its connectivity with large marble producers of the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Prokonnesos, Aphrodisias, Penteli, etc., for specific artefacts (e.g., sculptures). Employing a diverse array of methodologies, including stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), multi-trace element analysis through ICP-MS, and petrography, enables the identification of the provenance of these samples. This study entails a deeper exploration of the relationship between producers and resources, as well as the historical evolution of marble consumption patterns in the area. Within this context, a crucial endeavour involves unravelling the mechanisms that shaped and drove the marble trade network within the confines of this Roman provincial territory.

根据以前的出版物，目前对地中海大理石来源的评估显示，该区域原材料的分布存在显著差异。具体来说，包括罗马色雷斯省在内的巴尔干地区的大理石来源数据明显不足，强调需要进行更全面的分析。大理石来源研究有助于更好地了解该地区的经济和社会结构，并可作为对当地采石场和古代遗址的其他更大规模研究的模型，以及联系和长途贸易和次区域/区域大理石市场。对Philippopolis（保加利亚Plovdiv mod.）的案例研究通过优先考虑当地原材料、当地生产和商品消费来预测“地方主义”现象。然而，在某些情况下，该省与东地中海的大型大理石生产商（如Prokonnesos， Aphrodisias， Penteli等）保持联系，以生产特定的人工制品（如雕塑）。采用多种方法，包括稳定同位素分析（C13和O18），通过ICP-MS进行多痕量元素分析和岩石学，可以确定这些样品的来源。这项研究需要更深入地探索生产者和资源之间的关系，以及该地区大理石消费模式的历史演变。在此背景下，一项重要的努力涉及揭示在罗马省领土范围内形成和推动大理石贸易网络的机制。

{"title":"New evidence of the supra-regional marble trade network in Thrace, through the archaeometric study of sculptures in Roman Philippopolis","authors":"Vasiliki Anevlavi , Walter Prochaska , Petya Andreeva , Sabine Ladstätter","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current assessment of marble sources in the Mediterranean, drawing from prior publications, reveals notable disparities in the distribution of raw materials across the region. Specifically, data on marble sources in the Balkans, including the Roman province of Thrace, are notably underrepresented, stressing the need for a more comprehensive analysis. Marble provenance studies contribute to a better understanding of the economy and the societal structure of the area and may serve as a model for other larger-scale research of local quarries and ancient sites, as well as the connections and the long-distance trade and sub-regional/regional marble markets. The case study of Philippopolis (mod. Plovdiv, Bulgaria) projects the phenomenon of ‘localism’ by prioritising the local raw material, the local production and consumption of goods. However, on certain occasions, the province kept its connectivity with large marble producers of the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Prokonnesos, Aphrodisias, Penteli, etc., for specific artefacts (e.g., sculptures). Employing a diverse array of methodologies, including stable isotope analysis (C13 and O18), multi-trace element analysis through ICP-MS, and petrography, enables the identification of the provenance of these samples. This study entails a deeper exploration of the relationship between producers and resources, as well as the historical evolution of marble consumption patterns in the area. Within this context, a crucial endeavour involves unravelling the mechanisms that shaped and drove the marble trade network within the confines of this Roman provincial territory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topological insights into the diachrony of ancient road networks: Exploratory predictive modelling in the Andean highlands 从拓扑学角度洞察古代道路网络的非同步性：安第斯高原的探索性预测建模

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125

Thibault Saintenoy , Marcos Llobera , Nicolas M. Thiéry , Marta Crespo Fernández , Pastor Fábrega-Álvarez , Rubén Santos

As the footprint of the movements and interactions that shape territories, road networks constitute a key archaeological feature for studying long term territorial dynamics. However, most archaeological research has focused on individual routes at specific periods, and little has been done so far to research road networks' long-term evolution at a regional scale. While the widespread availability of high-resolution aerial imagery facilitates recording ancient road networks in details, their chronological diagnostic remains challenging since road architecture is generally not a reliable proxy and direct stratigraphic dating is limited to very few contexts. This paper outlines a modelling approach to assess the chronology of roads based on their topological relationship with dated settlements, an idea formulated long ago but never technically implemented so far. It presents a case study on a regional road network's evolution during the last millennium, in the arid highlands of northern Chile, which conserve abundant traces and infrastructure of the settlement patterns and movement systems of its ancient territories. The case study shows the potential of this predictive modeling approach to preliminarily assess the chronology of individual road segments, as well as to visualize and characterise the evolution of the whole network through the historical periods. The basic models implemented in this paper to derive probabilities could be further refined for more specific contexts and hypotheses, and applied to many deserts and mountain regions worldwide, where ancient roads and pathways frequently accumulate as part of long-term territorial dynamics.

作为塑造领土的运动和互动的足迹，道路网是研究长期领土动态的关键考古特征。然而，大多数考古研究都集中在特定时期的个别路线上，迄今为止，在研究区域范围内道路网络的长期演变方面鲜有建树。虽然高分辨率航空图像的普及为详细记录古代道路网络提供了便利，但其年代诊断仍具有挑战性，因为道路建筑通常不是可靠的替代物，直接地层年代测定也仅限于极少数情况。本文概述了一种根据道路与年代定居点的拓扑关系来评估道路年代的建模方法。本文介绍了智利北部干旱高原一个地区道路网在上一个千年演变过程中的案例研究，该地区保留了大量古代居住模式和交通系统的痕迹和基础设施。该案例研究显示了这种预测建模方法的潜力，它可以初步评估单个路段的年代学，还可以直观地描述整个网络在各个历史时期的演变特征。本文中用于推导概率的基本模型可根据更具体的情况和假设进一步完善，并可应用于世界各地的许多沙漠和山区，在这些地区，古道和古道经常作为长期领土动态的一部分而积累起来。

{"title":"Topological insights into the diachrony of ancient road networks: Exploratory predictive modelling in the Andean highlands","authors":"Thibault Saintenoy , Marcos Llobera , Nicolas M. Thiéry , Marta Crespo Fernández , Pastor Fábrega-Álvarez , Rubén Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the footprint of the movements and interactions that shape territories, road networks constitute a key archaeological feature for studying long term territorial dynamics. However, most archaeological research has focused on individual routes at specific periods, and little has been done so far to research road networks' long-term evolution at a regional scale. While the widespread availability of high-resolution aerial imagery facilitates recording ancient road networks in details, their chronological diagnostic remains challenging since road architecture is generally not a reliable proxy and direct stratigraphic dating is limited to very few contexts. This paper outlines a modelling approach to assess the chronology of roads based on their topological relationship with dated settlements, an idea formulated long ago but never technically implemented so far. It presents a case study on a regional road network's evolution during the last millennium, in the arid highlands of northern Chile, which conserve abundant traces and infrastructure of the settlement patterns and movement systems of its ancient territories. The case study shows the potential of this predictive modeling approach to preliminarily assess the chronology of individual road segments, as well as to visualize and characterise the evolution of the whole network through the historical periods. The basic models implemented in this paper to derive probabilities could be further refined for more specific contexts and hypotheses, and applied to many deserts and mountain regions worldwide, where ancient roads and pathways frequently accumulate as part of long-term territorial dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the thermal synthesis conditions of Maya blue: Insights into colors, stability and clay-dye interactions 检查玛雅蓝的热合成条件：洞察颜色，稳定性和粘土染料的相互作用

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144

Guanzheng Zhuang , Li Li , Qian Liu , Peng Yuan , Maguy Jaber , Francisco Rodrigues , Jixing Fan

Maya blue can be synthesized by heating a mixture of indigo and palygorskite, yet the impact of preparation conditions on its properties is not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of heating temperature (100–500 °C) and duration (1–72 h) on the color, acid resistance, solvent resistance, and photostability of Maya blue, as well as the pigment's structure and the indigo-palygorskite interaction. The reflectance spectra and CIE color parameters indicate that the optimal synthesis temperature for Maya blue lies between 100 and 200 °C, with a recommended heating time not exceeding 8 h. Increasing the temperature (up to 200 °C) enhances the green hue while diminishing the blue hue; however, temperatures above 200 °C result in significant color saturation loss. At 150 °C, extending the heating duration increases the green hue while maintaining stability after 8 h, with a corresponding reduction in the blue hue. The specific surface area, micropore volume, and X-ray diffraction results suggest that indigo molecules diffuse deeply into the palygorskite channels under heating. The infrared spectra indicate that the interaction between indigo and palygorskite appears weak, with indigo being encapsulated as stabilized monomers through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which contributes to the greenish-blue hue and exceptional stability of Maya blue. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images confirmed the identical microstructure of Maya blue and raw palygorskite. These findings enhance the understanding of Maya blue’ preparation mechanism and may contribute to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.

玛雅蓝可以通过加热靛蓝和坡缕石的混合物来合成，但制备条件对其性质的影响尚不完全清楚。本研究考察了加热温度（100-500℃）和持续时间（1-72 h）对玛雅蓝的颜色、耐酸性、耐溶剂性和光稳定性的影响，以及颜料的结构和靛蓝-坡纹石的相互作用。反射率光谱和CIE颜色参数表明，玛雅蓝的最佳合成温度在100 ~ 200℃之间，建议加热时间不超过8 h。升高温度（高达200℃）可以增强绿色色调，同时降低蓝色色调；然而，温度超过200°C会导致显着的色彩饱和度损失。在150℃时，延长加热时间增加了绿色色相，但在8 h后保持稳定，蓝色色相相应减少。比表面积、微孔体积和x射线衍射结果表明，靛蓝分子在加热下深入渗透到坡纹石通道中。红外光谱表明，靛蓝与坡缕石之间的相互作用较弱，靛蓝通过分子内氢键被包裹成稳定的单体，这使得玛雅蓝呈现出绿蓝色的色调和优异的稳定性。高分辨率透射电子显微镜图像证实了玛雅蓝和原始坡缕石的相同微观结构。这些发现有助于加深对玛雅蓝制备机理的认识，并有助于有机-无机杂化材料的发展。

{"title":"Examining the thermal synthesis conditions of Maya blue: Insights into colors, stability and clay-dye interactions","authors":"Guanzheng Zhuang , Li Li , Qian Liu , Peng Yuan , Maguy Jaber , Francisco Rodrigues , Jixing Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2024.106144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maya blue can be synthesized by heating a mixture of indigo and palygorskite, yet the impact of preparation conditions on its properties is not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of heating temperature (100–500 °C) and duration (1–72 h) on the color, acid resistance, solvent resistance, and photostability of Maya blue, as well as the pigment's structure and the indigo-palygorskite interaction. The reflectance spectra and CIE color parameters indicate that the optimal synthesis temperature for Maya blue lies between 100 and 200 °C, with a recommended heating time not exceeding 8 h. Increasing the temperature (up to 200 °C) enhances the green hue while diminishing the blue hue; however, temperatures above 200 °C result in significant color saturation loss. At 150 °C, extending the heating duration increases the green hue while maintaining stability after 8 h, with a corresponding reduction in the blue hue. The specific surface area, micropore volume, and X-ray diffraction results suggest that indigo molecules diffuse deeply into the palygorskite channels under heating. The infrared spectra indicate that the interaction between indigo and palygorskite appears weak, with indigo being encapsulated as stabilized monomers through intramolecular hydrogen bonding, which contributes to the greenish-blue hue and exceptional stability of Maya blue. High-resolution transmission electron microscope images confirmed the identical microstructure of Maya blue and raw palygorskite. These findings enhance the understanding of Maya blue’ preparation mechanism and may contribute to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 106144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stone disc production at Pincevent (France) reveals versatile uses of colouring materials in the Late Magdalenian

IF 2.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Archaeological Science

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106152

Caroline Peschaux , Hélène Salomon , Aurélie Chassin de Kergommeaux , Mickaël Baillet , Olivier Bignon-Lau , Pierre Bodu , Elisa Caron-Laviolette , Grégory Debout , Gaëlle Dumarçay , Emilie Lesvignes

Level IV0 at Pincevent, dating from the Late Magdalenian (15-14 ka cal BP), has revealed a singular assemblage of more than 400 artefacts in colouring materials, including a unique series of perforated discs. This unusual occurrence of shaped colouring materials extends the diversity of uses and functions of these mineral resources. Using a combination of non-invasive petrographic analysis and detailed study of traces of anthropogenic modifications, we identified the nature, provenance and petrophysical properties of the rocks used, as well as the techniques employed to work them and their possible uses. The results show a variety of mineral materials employed – consisting of oolitic hematites, fine hematites, ferruginous sandstone and chalk – to produce a wide range of colours, including red and yellow as well as white. Disc shaping involves techniques adapted to mineral materials, such as knapping, as evidenced here for the first time on colouring materials. Several examples of the recycling of broken discs into new discs or into colouring powder attest to the versatile use of colouring materials and highlight their incorporation into various fields of decorative, technical and domestic activities during the Upper Palaeolithic.

{"title":"Stone disc production at Pincevent (France) reveals versatile uses of colouring materials in the Late Magdalenian","authors":"Caroline Peschaux , Hélène Salomon , Aurélie Chassin de Kergommeaux , Mickaël Baillet , Olivier Bignon-Lau , Pierre Bodu , Elisa Caron-Laviolette , Grégory Debout , Gaëlle Dumarçay , Emilie Lesvignes","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Level IV0 at Pincevent, dating from the Late Magdalenian (15-14 ka cal BP), has revealed a singular assemblage of more than 400 artefacts in colouring materials, including a unique series of perforated discs. This unusual occurrence of shaped colouring materials extends the diversity of uses and functions of these mineral resources. Using a combination of non-invasive petrographic analysis and detailed study of traces of anthropogenic modifications, we identified the nature, provenance and petrophysical properties of the rocks used, as well as the techniques employed to work them and their possible uses. The results show a variety of mineral materials employed – consisting of oolitic hematites, fine hematites, ferruginous sandstone and chalk – to produce a wide range of colours, including red and yellow as well as white. Disc shaping involves techniques adapted to mineral materials, such as knapping, as evidenced here for the first time on colouring materials. Several examples of the recycling of broken discs into new discs or into colouring powder attest to the versatile use of colouring materials and highlight their incorporation into various fields of decorative, technical and domestic activities during the Upper Palaeolithic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0