International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献_第2页

Comparative study on sand erosion damage and residual strength of GFRP, BFRP, and CFRP composites GFRP、BFRP、CFRP复合材料的沙蚀损伤及残余强度对比研究

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105659

Wenhao Ren, Siha A

Wind and sand erosion is a key environmental factor affecting the service life of fiber-reinforced composite materials, but the mechanical degradation mechanisms of different types of composite structures under multi-parameter erosion remain unclear. This study utilized a jet erosion test platform to systematically evaluate the performance evolution of three typical structures—GFRP, BFRP, and CFRP—under varying erosion angles (15°–90°), velocities (16–31 m/s), and durations (10–50 min). The results show that all three undergo damage processes such as resin delamination, fiber exposure, and interlaminar debonding, with 60° being the most prone angle for failure. CFRP exhibits the highest strength retention rate (82%), but the most significant modulus decrease (14.9%); GFRP experiences over a 30% strength reduction under prolonged erosion, while BFRP exhibits strain separation and early instability. Stress-strain and multi-point strain analyses indicate that CFRP maintains deformation consistency after erosion; GFRP exhibits more ductile behavior accompanied by progressive strain bifurcation; while BFRP demonstrates moderate mechanical response with limited strain compatibility. The semi-empirical predictive model constructed further achieved good fitting on all three materials (R² > 0.84), validating its cross-material applicability. The research results provide a theoretical basis for corrosion-resistant design, surface protection, and life prediction of composite structures under complex operating conditions.

风沙侵蚀是影响纤维增强复合材料使用寿命的关键环境因素，但不同类型复合材料结构在多参数侵蚀作用下的力学退化机制尚不清楚。本研究利用射流侵蚀试验平台，系统评估了gfrp、BFRP和cfrp三种典型结构在不同侵蚀角度（15°-90°）、速度（16-31 m/s）和持续时间（10-50 min）下的性能演变。结果表明，三种材料均经历了树脂分层、纤维暴露和层间脱粘等损伤过程，其中60°角是最容易失效的角度。CFRP的强度保持率最高（82%），但模量降低幅度最大（14.9%）；GFRP在长时间侵蚀下强度降低30%以上，而BFRP表现出应变分离和早期不稳定。应力应变和多点应变分析表明，CFRP在侵蚀后保持变形一致性；GFRP表现出更强的延性，并伴有渐进的应变分岔；而BFRP表现出适度的力学响应，应变相容性有限。所构建的半经验预测模型对三种材料均取得了较好的拟合效果（R²> 0.84），验证了其跨材料适用性。研究结果为复合材料结构在复杂工况下的耐腐蚀设计、表面防护和寿命预测提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the response of additively-manufactured polymeric lattices to impact along different directions 加成聚合物晶格对不同方向冲击响应的实验研究

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105658

Zhengping Sun , Yuanyuan Ding , Yuxuan Zheng , V.P.W. Shim

Diverse lattice architectures have been proposed with the aim of enhancing their mechanical response, particularly in relation to compression along their three principal geometrical axes. Most lattice cell topologies have been designed to display cubic symmetry, with the goal of achieving quasi-isotropic behaviour. Even if this is achieved in practice, it does not ensure similarly favourable responses for impact along other directions, and this aspect has received little attention or been reported. Nevertheless, it deserves examination, because in actual applications, lattices are likely to sustain loads or required to mitigate impact from any or multiple directions. Furthermore, cell components such as struts can display significant angle-dependent properties associated with additive manufacturing processes employed to fabricate them, and this exacerbates anisotropy in the lattice global response. Consequently, in addition to the vertical build direction, it is instructive to examine the compressive responses of lattices loaded along oblique directions, especially under impact, to elicit the degree of mechanical anisotropy under gross deformation. In this study, samples of Octet and Rhombic Dodecahedron lattices, as well as a hybrid descendant lattice (HS), are additively manufactured, and subjected to dynamic uniaxial compression along two oblique directions, i.e., the face diagonal and body diagonal directions with respect to the lattice cubes. Compared to the responses for compression along the geometrical principal axes defining the cube, significantly dissimilar stress-strain responses and crushing modes are observed, indicating sensitivity to impact direction, and this is associated with cell geometry. The influence of angle-dependent strut material properties in inducing anisotropy is highlighted, and the smaller degree of anisotropy observed with the novel HS lattice, demonstrates its advantage in yielding more consistent, direction-independent behaviour.

已经提出了不同的晶格结构，目的是增强它们的机械响应，特别是在沿着它们的三个主要几何轴的压缩方面。大多数晶格细胞拓扑结构被设计成显示立方对称，目标是实现准各向同性行为。即使在实践中做到了这一点，也不能确保对其他方向的影响作出同样有利的反应，而且这方面很少受到注意或报道。然而，它值得研究，因为在实际应用中，晶格可能承受载荷或需要减轻来自任何或多个方向的影响。此外，单元组件（如支柱）可以显示出与用于制造它们的增材制造工艺相关的显著角度依赖特性，这加剧了晶格全局响应的各向异性。因此，除了垂直建造方向外，研究沿倾斜方向加载的晶格的压缩响应，特别是在冲击下的压缩响应，以得出总变形下的力学各向异性程度，是有指导意义的。在本研究中，八面体和菱形十二面体晶格以及混合后代晶格（HS）的样品被增材制造，并在相对于晶格立方体的两个倾斜方向，即面对角线方向和体对角线方向上进行动态单轴压缩。与沿着定义立方体的几何主轴的压缩响应相比，观察到明显不同的应力-应变响应和破碎模式，表明对冲击方向的敏感性，这与单元的几何形状有关。强调了角度相关的支撑材料特性对诱导各向异性的影响，并且在新型HS晶格中观察到的各向异性程度较小，证明了其在产生更一致，方向无关行为方面的优势。

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引用次数: 0

Replacing strain gages by line camera DIC in Hopkinson bar experiments 在霍普金森杆实验中用线相机DIC代替应变片

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105620

Christian C. Roth , Foulques LeGrelle , Thomas Tancogne-Dejean , Vincent Grolleau , Dirk Mohr

Strain gages are widely used to acquire the signals in dynamic experiments with Hopkinson bars. Here, we explore the potential of displacement history measurements with line camera based digital image correlation (DIC) to substitute the role of strain gages and directly obtain particle velocity. After outlining the fundamental equations for deriving stress-strain curves, the technique is applied and validated through split-Hopkinson bar compression and tension tests, as well as direct impact experiments. In direct impact tests, the line camera enables simultaneous measurement of input and output forces, facilitating the verification of quasi-static equilibrium. Moreover, in cases where quasi-static equilibrium is clearly satisfied, a single line camera measurement on the striker bar is sufficient to determine the entire stress-strain curve. Compared to laser interferometry and photon Doppler velocimetry, the line camera DIC system demonstrates superior capability in measuring large displacements of Hopkinson bars. It also offers a reliable non-contact measurement alternative to strain gages, which are prone to delamination under high-impact conditions.

在霍普金森杆动态试验中，应变片被广泛用于获取信号。在这里，我们探索了基于线相机的数字图像相关（DIC）的位移历史测量的潜力，以取代应变片的作用，直接获得粒子速度。在概述了推导应力应变曲线的基本方程后，通过劈裂霍普金森杆压缩和拉伸试验以及直接冲击试验对该技术进行了应用和验证。在直接冲击测试中，线相机可以同时测量输入和输出力，便于准静态平衡的验证。此外，在准静态平衡明显满足的情况下，在打击棒上的单线相机测量足以确定整个应力-应变曲线。与激光干涉测量和光子多普勒测速相比，线相机DIC系统在测量霍普金森杆的大位移方面表现出优越的能力。它还提供了可靠的非接触式测量替代应变片，应变片在高冲击条件下容易分层。

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引用次数: 0

LMVGM and VBW plasticity model with the coupling effect between strain rate and stress state for mild steel 考虑应变速率和应力状态耦合效应的低碳钢LMVGM和VBW塑性模型

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105632

Ya-Chao Hu , Zhi-Jie Wu , Yu-Chao Yang , Feng Xi , Feng Liu , Ying-Hua Tan

Accurate prediction of the dynamic plastic deformation and ductile fracture behavior of mild steel is essential for progressive collapse analysis of building structures. In this study, the VBW plasticity model was extended to a rate-dependent form by incorporating the strain-rate effect, enabling the accurate representation of large plastic deformations under impact loading conditions. Furthermore, the LMVGM was reformulated into a rate-dependent form by introducing the coupled effect between strain rate and stress state into its fracture surface expression, thereby enhancing its capability to describe fracture evolution under dynamic loading conditions. On this basis, dynamic tensile tests were conducted on flat specimens with various notch configurations using a drop-weight impact system, covering a loading range from quasi-static to the intermediate strain-rate regime. Comparative analysis between numerical and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed models could accurately reproduce the load–displacement responses and fracture characteristics across different stress states and strain rates, confirming their reliability and applicability in predicting the dynamic plasticity and failure behavior of Q355 mild steel in the intermediate strain-rate regime.

准确预测低碳钢的动态塑性变形和韧性断裂行为，对建筑结构的渐进倒塌分析至关重要。在本研究中，通过纳入应变率效应，将VBW塑性模型扩展为速率依赖的形式，从而能够准确表征冲击载荷条件下的大塑性变形。此外，通过将应变速率与应力状态的耦合效应引入到LMVGM的断裂面表达式中，将LMVGM重新表述为速率相关的形式，从而增强了其描述动态加载条件下断裂演化的能力。在此基础上，采用落重冲击系统对具有不同缺口配置的平面试件进行了动态拉伸试验，涵盖了从准静态到中间应变率的加载范围。数值与实验结果对比分析表明，所建立的模型能够准确再现不同应力状态和应变速率下的载荷-位移响应和断裂特征，验证了该模型在预测Q355低碳钢中应变速率动态塑性和破坏行为方面的可靠性和适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Secondary penetration behavior in UHPC targets after penetration-explosion events 侵爆后UHPC目标的二次侵彻行为

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105652

Chenyu Gao , Junbo Yan , Yan Liu , Wei Lu , Ning Huang , Fan Bai , Fenglei Huang

Deeply buried and ultrahigh-strength protective structures often require multiple sequential penetration-explosion cycles to be effectively neutralized. This study focuses on the secondary penetration behavior of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) targets after an initial penetration and explosion sequence, a subject that has received limited systematic attention. First, a series of penetration-explosion-penetration tests was performed on UHPC targets, with systematically varying secondary impact locations to examine their effect on penetration depth and local failure characteristics. Experimental results reveal that secondary penetration performance varied significantly with impact position, showing distinct differences in both the increase in penetration depth and the degree of projectile redirection across tested locations. In addition, a computational model incorporating the restart method was developed and rigorously validated through comparisons with experimental data. Furthermore, a systematic parametric study was conducted to examine the influence of impact location, velocity, and accumulated material damage on secondary penetration behavior, accompanied by a discussion of the underlying physical mechanisms.

深埋和超高强度防护结构通常需要多次连续穿爆循环才能有效中和。本研究的重点是超高性能混凝土（UHPC）靶在初始侵彻和爆炸序列后的二次侵彻行为，这是一个受到有限系统关注的主题。首先，对UHPC目标进行了一系列侵彻-爆炸-侵彻试验，系统地改变了二次冲击位置，以研究它们对侵彻深度和局部破坏特征的影响。实验结果表明，二次侵彻性能随冲击位置的变化显著，在侵彻深度的增加和弹丸重定向程度上都存在显著差异。此外，建立了包含重启方法的计算模型，并通过与实验数据的对比进行了严格验证。此外，还进行了系统的参数研究，以检验冲击位置、速度和累积材料损伤对二次侵彻行为的影响，并讨论了潜在的物理机制。

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引用次数: 0

Penetration of 1018 hot-rolled steel targets with ogive-nose rod projectiles 凸鼻杆弹侵彻1018热轧钢靶

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105665

Z.K. Crosby , T.L. Warren , M.J. Forrestal

We present depth of penetration data for hot-rolled, 1018 steel targets with ogive-nose rod projectiles. Data are compared with a published model and show reasonably good agreement.

本文给出了热轧1018钢靶的侵彻深度数据。数据与已发表的模型进行了比较，显示出相当好的一致性。

引用次数: 0

On the penetration of shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated and neat Kevlar fabrics 剪切增稠液（STF）浸渍整齐凯夫拉织物的渗透性能

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105639

Y.C. Ye, H.C. Xu, H.M. Wen

Shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnated Kevlar fabric is an advanced composite material that exhibits superior impact resistance compared to neat Kevlar fabric. This study investigates the penetration behavior of both STF impregnated and neat Kevlar fabrics within a unified framework. A continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based dynamic constitutive model, recently developed for both materials, is first outlined. This model incorporates a dynamic increase factor (accounting for strain rate effects) and a residual strength factor (calibrated using STF rheological properties and yarn pull-out test results). Furthermore, the model is enhanced by incorporating temperature effects, which significantly improves its predictive capability at different temperatures. Numerical simulations of ballistic, low-velocity impact, and quasi-static penetration are conducted using this constitutive model. The simulation results show good agreement with available experimental data in terms of residual velocity, load-displacement curve, and failure patterns, validating the model's accuracy and effectiveness. Parametric studies reveal that projectile nose shape significantly affects the penetration resistance of both materials. Additionally, the STF impregnated fabric mobilizes a larger material region during impact, thereby enhancing its penetration resistance relative to neat Kevlar, while also exhibiting greater strain rate sensitivity across different impact velocities under identical energy conditions

剪切增稠液（STF）浸渍凯夫拉纤维织物是一种先进的复合材料，与纯凯夫拉纤维织物相比，具有优越的抗冲击性。本研究在一个统一的框架内研究了STF浸渍和整齐凯夫拉织物的渗透行为。本文首先概述了一种基于连续损伤力学（CDM）的动态本构模型，该模型是最近针对这两种材料开发的。该模型包含一个动态增加因子（考虑应变率效应）和一个残余强度因子（使用STF流变特性和纱线拉出测试结果进行校准）。此外，模型还加入了温度效应，显著提高了模型在不同温度下的预测能力。利用该本构模型进行了弹道、低速冲击和准静态侵彻的数值模拟。仿真结果与现有实验数据在残余速度、载荷-位移曲线、破坏模式等方面吻合较好，验证了模型的准确性和有效性。参数化研究表明，弹鼻形状对两种材料的侵彻阻力均有显著影响。此外，STF浸渍织物在冲击过程中动员了更大的材料区域，从而提高了其相对于纯凯夫拉的穿透阻力，同时在相同能量条件下，在不同的冲击速度下也表现出更大的应变率敏感性

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引用次数: 0

A novel scaling method for assessing dynamic response distortions of thin plates induced by blast loads 一种评估爆炸荷载引起的薄板动态响应畸变的新型标度方法

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105637

Sijia Liu, Li Chen, Bin Feng

In the blast tests utilizing scaled models, precise control of the blast load is required to meet design specifications. However, achieving this precision is technically challenging. Deviations between the actual and intended blast loads can introduce significant error in extrapolating the prototype's response from the scaled model data. This error is referred to as load distortion. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel scaling method that accounts for load distortion based on an equivalent static load approach. Using a clamped one-way thin steel plate as a case study, dimensional analysis is first conducted to elucidate the physical mechanism underlying load distortion. Then, by applying the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom theory, an explicit relationship between the blast load and structural deformation is derived through the concept of an equivalent static load. A key innovation of this study is that the similarity between the maximum deformation responses of the scaled model and the prototype can be characterized by the product of the load distortion coefficient and the geometric scale factor. This allows for correction of the model's deformation response data, thereby achieving accurate prediction of the prototype's deformation response. The method's validity is confirmed through numerical simulations and shock tube experiments on clamped one-way thin steel plates. This approach successfully circumvents the technical challenge of precise blast load control, while providing a novel reference framework for quantifying the resulting load distortions.

在使用比例模型的爆炸试验中，需要精确控制爆炸载荷以满足设计规范。然而，实现这种精度在技术上是具有挑战性的。实际爆炸载荷与预期爆炸载荷之间的偏差可能会导致根据比例模型数据推断原型响应的重大误差。这种误差被称为负载失真。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出了一种新的缩放方法，该方法基于等效静态负载方法来考虑负载畸变。以夹紧单向薄钢板为例，首先进行了量纲分析，阐明了载荷变形的物理机制。然后，应用等效单自由度理论，通过等效静载荷的概念推导出爆炸载荷与结构变形之间的明确关系。该研究的一个关键创新之处在于，比例模型与原型的最大变形响应的相似性可以用荷载变形系数与几何比例因子的乘积来表征。这样可以对模型的变形响应数据进行校正，从而实现对原型变形响应的准确预测。通过对单向夹紧薄钢板的数值模拟和激波管实验，验证了该方法的有效性。这种方法成功地规避了精确爆炸载荷控制的技术挑战，同时为量化产生的载荷畸变提供了一种新的参考框架。

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引用次数: 0

Simplified two-DOF model-based analysis and design method for hybrid bar reinforced concrete beams under impact loading 基于简化二自由度模型的混合钢筋混凝土梁冲击荷载分析与设计方法

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105638

Qi Cao , Shuai-Fei Wei , Zhenji Wang , Rongxiong Gao

This study addresses the impact resistance design requirements for seawater and sea-sand concrete (SSC) structures in island-reef and offshore engineering. A hybrid reinforcement scheme combining glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and stainless steel bars is investigated to leverage the corrosion resistance of FRP and the ductility of steel. Combining theoretical analysis with consideration of material strain rate effects, a tri-linear restoring force model for hybrid-reinforced beams under both static and dynamic loads was developed. Based on the experimental results, the impact process was simplified as a two-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) mass-spring model. An extensive parametric study encompassing 144 impact scenarios was conducted using the validated TDOF model. Based on the combined experimental and numerical data, empirical equations were derived for the characteristic points of the impact force time-history curve and for predicting the maximum mid-span deflection. The proposed simplified TDOF model and the associated empirical equations provide a practical and effective tool for the impact-resistant design of hybrid-reinforced SSC beams, offering significant theoretical support for the safety of marine structures.

本文研究了岛礁和近海工程中海水和海砂混凝土结构的抗冲击设计要求。为了充分利用玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）的耐腐蚀性能和钢的延性，研究了玻璃纤维增强聚合物（GFRP）与不锈钢棒的混合加固方案。结合理论分析，考虑材料应变率效应，建立了动、静荷载作用下混合配筋梁的三线性恢复力模型。基于实验结果，将冲击过程简化为两自由度质量-弹簧模型。使用经过验证的TDOF模型进行了包含144种影响情景的广泛参数研究。根据试验与数值相结合的数据，推导出了冲击力时程曲线特征点及最大跨中挠度预测的经验方程。所建立的简化TDOF模型及相关经验方程为混合配筋SSC梁的抗冲击设计提供了实用有效的工具，为海洋结构的安全设计提供了重要的理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Penetration behavior and energy-partition mechanisms of a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary projectile into semi-infinite steel targets 12.7 mm穿甲弹对半无限钢靶的侵彻行为及能量分配机理

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2026.105662

Yiding Wu, Wencheng Lu, Xinyu Sun, Shuangqi Li, Bingzhuo Hu, Guangfa Gao

To address the fact that existing studies on rigid-projectile penetration are largely concentrated on aluminum alloys and low-strength steels, while providing insufficient descriptions of the penetration process and target-side energy partitioning for medium-to-high-strength armor steels under semi-infinite conditions, this work investigates the normal-impact penetration of a 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary (API) projectile core into semi-infinite low-strength 45 steel and high-strength 603 steel targets. Ballistic experiments, theoretical modeling, and explicit numerical simulations are combined to systematically study the evolution of penetration resistance acting on the projectile core and the associated energy-dissipation mechanisms. The experimental results show that the crater profile closely conforms to the projectile-core morphology, providing direct experimental evidence that the core can still maintain a rigid-penetration regime in the high-strength 603 steel. At the nose-surface level, the present model explicitly decomposes the contact pressure into a quasi-static strength-controlled term and a dynamic inertial term governed by the interfacial normal velocity, thereby yielding equivalent resistance and penetration-depth expressions for ogive-nosed projectiles without introducing additional empirical parameters. Compared with numerical simulations and other models, the proposed framework can reproduce the characteristic three-stage evolution of the resistance history. Furthermore, an energy bookkeeping and conservation-closure procedure is established around four channels, namely normal/tangential and quasi-static/dynamic contributions. Finally, a non-dimensional penetration-depth prediction for semi-infinite steel is derived, together with its applicability bounds over the caliber-radius-head (CRH), friction coefficient, and velocity ranges, providing a reusable physics-based tool for rapid assessment and model calibration of rigid-projectile penetration into high-strength steel armor.

针对现有刚性弹丸侵彻研究主要集中在铝合金和低强度钢上，而对半无限条件下中高强度装甲钢的侵彻过程和靶侧能量分配描述不足的问题，本文研究了12.7 mm穿甲弹芯对半无限低强度45钢和高强度603钢目标的法向侵彻。将弹道实验、理论建模和显式数值模拟相结合，系统地研究了作用在弹芯上的侵彻阻力演化及其能量耗散机制。实验结果表明，弹坑轮廓与弹心形态基本一致，为高强度603钢的弹心仍能保持刚侵彻状态提供了直接的实验证据。在弹鼻-表面水平，该模型明确地将接触压力分解为准静态强度控制项和由界面法向速度控制的动态惯性项，从而在不引入额外经验参数的情况下，给出了给定弹鼻的等效阻力和侵彻深度表达式。与数值模拟和其他模型相比，所提出的框架可以再现电阻历史的特征三阶段演变。此外，围绕四个通道建立了能量记录和守恒关闭程序，即法向/切向和准静态/动态贡献。最后，推导了半无限钢的无量纲侵彻深度预测及其在口径-半径-头（CRH）、摩擦系数和速度范围上的适用范围，为刚性弹丸侵彻高强度钢装甲的快速评估和模型校准提供了可重复使用的基于物理的工具。

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引用次数: 0