International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献

英文中文

The effect of the molding process and service temperature on the ballistic resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminates

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105258

Jiawei Bao , Zhaopu Yan , Yangwei Wang , Huanwu Cheng , Tianfeng Zhou , Xingwang Cheng

The molding process and service temperature can affect the ballistic resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminates. In this study, three different molding processes were used to obtain three types of UHMWPE laminates, and their ballistic resistance was tested using 7.62 mm × 54 mm mild steel core bullets. The laminates were tested at different temperatures: −50 °C, room temperature, and 70 °C, with a molding temperature of 130 °C and a molding pressure of 25 MPa. Simulation models were established for different processes and test temperatures. Combining experimental and simulation models, a systematic analysis was conducted on the ballistic resistance, damage patterns, damage processes, and deformation processes of the UHMWPE laminates. The results showed that the molding pressure and temperature had a significant impact on the energy dissipation capability and damage forms of the panels. The laminates prepared at a molding temperature of 130 °C and a molding pressure of 15 MPa exhibited the best energy dissipation capability. Increases in interlaminar bonding strength and flexural strength of the UHMWPE laminates helped to reduce the internal damage volume and back bulge height. The damage volume and back bulge height of the material were found to be unrelated to its energy dissipation capability, which was primarily associated with the laminate's intrinsic strength. Enhancing the interlaminar strength of the material aided in increasing the laminate's resistance to the projectile, causing severe deformation of the core projectile's head.

{"title":"The effect of the molding process and service temperature on the ballistic resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminates","authors":"Jiawei Bao , Zhaopu Yan , Yangwei Wang , Huanwu Cheng , Tianfeng Zhou , Xingwang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The molding process and service temperature can affect the ballistic resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) laminates. In this study, three different molding processes were used to obtain three types of UHMWPE laminates, and their ballistic resistance was tested using 7.62 mm × 54 mm mild steel core bullets. The laminates were tested at different temperatures: −50 °C, room temperature, and 70 °C, with a molding temperature of 130 °C and a molding pressure of 25 MPa. Simulation models were established for different processes and test temperatures. Combining experimental and simulation models, a systematic analysis was conducted on the ballistic resistance, damage patterns, damage processes, and deformation processes of the UHMWPE laminates. The results showed that the molding pressure and temperature had a significant impact on the energy dissipation capability and damage forms of the panels. The laminates prepared at a molding temperature of 130 °C and a molding pressure of 15 MPa exhibited the best energy dissipation capability. Increases in interlaminar bonding strength and flexural strength of the UHMWPE laminates helped to reduce the internal damage volume and back bulge height. The damage volume and back bulge height of the material were found to be unrelated to its energy dissipation capability, which was primarily associated with the laminate's intrinsic strength. Enhancing the interlaminar strength of the material aided in increasing the laminate's resistance to the projectile, causing severe deformation of the core projectile's head.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scaling laws for two-metallic spheres in a head-on collision

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105257

S.L. Cai , G. Ding , G.H. Duan , X.H. Jing , L.H. Dai , M.Q. Jiang

Two-sphere collision (TSC) as a kind of fundamental impact phenomena is of both science and engineering significance. The classic theories based on Hertz contact mechanics work well for TSC at low speeds, but fail to describe high-speed behaviors with damages such cracks and debris. In this work, with TSC experiments and simulations, we measure two key parameters: the elastic restitution coefficient and momentum transfer factor with the relative collision speed up to 120 m/s in laboratory experiments and up to 1000 m/s in numerical simulations. We further perform the dimensional analysis to obtain the scaling laws for the restitution coefficient and momentum transfer factor. It reveals that the relative speed and the speed ratio of TSC respectively dominate the elastic restitution and momentum transfer. Compared to the previous models, the TSC scaling laws show a better prediction of both experimental and simulation data. This work increases the understanding of TSC mechanism at high speeds.

引用次数: 0

Simulation of foreign particle erosion-induced failure in thermal barrier coatings: A novel coupling plastic damage model of dual-horizon peridynamics and FEM

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105255

Yehui Bie , Kuanjie Ding , Huilong Ren , Tinh Quoc Bui , Timon Rabczuk , Yueguang Wei

The foreign particle erosion that the particles ingested into the gas turbine engine inlet or produced by the carbon deposits in the combustor could impact the surface of ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) may cause the performance loss of TBCs and engine explosion in severe cases. Thus, it is important to study the foreign particle erosion-induced failure mechanism in thermal barrier coatings. To this end, we propose a coupling plastic damage model of dual-horizon peridynamics and FEM for foreign particle erosion-induced failure of TBCs. Dual-horizon peridynamics is used in the portions of areas that may exist significant plastic deformation and damage, meanwhile FEM is used in the remaining areas to minimize computing costs. The coupling plastic damage model is firstly validated by the ductile damage of the 2D asymmetrically notched specimen and 3D cylinder with the initial penny-shaped fracture. And then, the influences of the foreign particle shape, impact velocity and erosion angle on the erosion failure of TBCs are comprehensively investigated by the coupling plastic damage model. The numerical results are in quantitative and qualitative agreement with the existing experiment or the preceding numerical solution. Our numerical investigation confirms the need for developing the coupling plastic damage model in revealing the foreign particle erosion-induced failure process of TBCs.

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引用次数: 0

Centrifuge modeling of dynamic response of underground concrete silo against adjacent buried explosion loads

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105256

Longhua Guan , Fengkui Zhao , Qiang Lu , Dezhi Zhang , Bin Zhu , Yubing Wang

The underground silo has a wide range of applications in both civil and military engineering, and is vulnerable to intense loadings such as explosion in some special service scenarios. This study focuses on the dynamic response of underground concrete silo against adjacent buried explosion loads. Three groups of centrifuge model tests of buried explosion near the silo structure in dry sand are designed and conducted. The characteristic parameters of excavated cratering, blast loadings, and structure vibration are recorded in the tests, and the effect of charge DoB (depth of burial) and stand-off distance are analyzed. The distribution pattern of blast loadings on the silo front is investigated, and a general formula is derived to predict the peak blast overpressure along the silo front based on dimensional analysis and test results. The blast-induced structure vibration inside the silo is monitored, and the mechanism of interior structure motion under external explosion loadings is discussed. The time-frequency analysis of the interior acceleration response is conducted using the HHT (Hilbert-Huang Transform) method. The silo exhibits a high-frequency forced vibration pattern within the positive overpressure duration, whereafter falls into the low-frequency sinusoidal free vibration stage. The tolerance and fragility assessment of personnel and accessory equipment inside the silo is further performed based on the peak acceleration and shock response spectrum criteria. The results show that despite no apparent damage being observed on the concrete silo under the explosion conditions in this study (TNT equivalent of 1200 kg and stand-off distance close to 5.3 m in prototype), the blast-induced structure vibration would pose a significant threat to the interior personnel and precision instruments such as computers and communication devices. The research findings can benefit the prediction of blast loadings and dynamic response of concrete silos subjected to external explosion, and provide a robust experimental basis for underground protective engineering design.

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and shape distributions of ejecta from hypervelocity impact between rock projectile and metal target

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105252

Koske Matsubara , Yukari Yamaguchi , Akiko M. Nakamura , Sunao Hasegawa

Hypervelocity impact experiments of rock projectiles and steel targets were conducted at velocities ranging from approximately 3 km/s to 7 km/s. Ejecta with various ejection angles were analyzed using aluminum foil targets. The number density of ejecta was highest at 50° within the range of 25° to 50° relative to the projectile trajectory examined in this study. The major and minor axes of the ejecta were estimated from the corresponding axes of the foil holes, using an empirical relationship newly formulated in this study based on a previous study. No clear dependence of the ejecta axial ratio distributions on ejection angle was observed for impacts at 3 km/s and 5 km/s. For impacts at 7 km/s, the axial ratio of the ejecta tended to be higher than that observed at lower impact velocities. The axial ratio distribution of the ejecta exhibited a dependence on size, with the fraction of ejecta smaller than 10 µm having small axial ratios being suppressed at an impact velocity of 7 km/s compared to 3 km/s or 5 km/s, likely due to the inclusion of melt droplets that would have high axial ratios. On the other hand, ejecta in the larger size range (>20 µm) showed no change in axial ratio distribution with respect to impact velocity, suggesting that ejecta of this size were probably solid fragments. Observations of the ejecta captured in aerogel blocks revealed spherical structures ranging in size from a few to 10 µm that may have been melt droplets. The sizes were of the same order of magnitude as predicted by a previous physical model, which considers the balance between kinetic energy and surface energy of melt.

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引用次数: 0

Response of shear thickening fluids to high velocity ballistic impact

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105248

Shuchang Long , Huanming Chen , Xiaohu Yao , Tao Liu

Shear thickening fluid is widely used in protective structures due to its distinctive rheology, exhibiting a transition from liquid to a solid-like state under impact. This paper presents experimental, numerical and analytical studies on shear thickening fluid under ballistic impact. First of all, corn starch suspensions with various fractions were prepared, and their shear thickening properties were verified by rheological tests. Then, ballistic impact tests were carried out on the suspensions, and a finite element model was established for numerical calculation. Subsequently, a novel analytical model based on Oseen equations was proposed to predict the ballistic behavior of shear thickening fluid. The model was verified by both test and simulation results, and utilized in the parametric studies. The ballistic limit velocities of shear thickening fluid under different rheological parameters and impact conditions were obtained, which lays a foundation for the application of shear thickening fluid in impact resistant structures.

引用次数: 0

Fluid–structure coupled simulation framework for lightweight explosion containment structures under large deformations

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105238

Aditya Narkhede , Shafquat Islam , Xingsheng Sun , Kevin Wang

Lightweight, single-use explosion containment structures provide an effective solution for neutralizing rogue explosives, combining affordability with ease of transport. This paper introduces a three-stage simulation framework that captures the distinct physical processes and time scales involved in detonation, shock propagation, and large, plastic structural deformations. A working hypothesis is that as the structure becomes lighter and more flexible, its dynamic interaction with the gaseous explosion products becomes increasingly significant. Unlike previous studies that rely on empirical models to approximate pressure loads, this framework employs a partitioned procedure to couple a finite volume compressible fluid dynamics solver with a finite element structural dynamics solver. Given the rapid expansion of explosion products and the large structural deformation, the level set and embedded boundary methods are utilized to track the fluid-fluid and fluid–structure interfaces. The interfacial mass, momentum, and energy fluxes are computed by locally constructing and solving one-dimensional bi-material Riemann problems. A case study is presented involving a thin-walled steel chamber subjected to an internal explosion of

250 g

TNT. The result shows a 30% increase in the chamber volume due to plastic deformation, with its strains remaining below the fracture limit. Although the incident shock pulse carries the highest pressure, the subsequent pulses from wave reflections also contribute significantly to structural deformation. The high energy and compressibility of the explosion products lead to highly nonlinear fluid dynamics, with shock speeds varying across both space and time. Comparisons with simpler simulation methods reveal that decoupling the fluid and structural dynamics overestimates the plastic strain by 43.75%, while modeling the fluid dynamics as a transient pressure load fitted to the first shock pulse underestimates the plastic strain by 31.25%.

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引用次数: 0

A novel size distribution model for debris generated by in-orbit collisions

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105246

L. Olivieri, A. Francesconi

In-orbit fragmentation events can generate debris clouds of thousands of objects, that may strongly affect the debris environment and the management of orbital assets. Ground observations are employed to catalogue detectable objects; however, the observation and identification of the generated debris may require months or even years. Simplified models, such as the NASA Standard Breakup Model, can assess the effects of in-space breakup and promptly provide fragments properties distributions; nevertheless, literature data suggests that they might present some limitations when modern satellite designs or complex impact geometries are involved. In this context, a novel Italian Breakup Model is under development, to provide a more reliable description of the fragmentation events; in particular, a piecewise analytic size distribution equation has been conceived and tuned with both observation data and ground experiments. The model description and its calibration and validation process are reported in this paper; the obtained results show that it accurately captures the trends in experimental and observational data with greater accuracy compared to other existing formulations.

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic failure of biomimetic dual-phase materials: Effects of microstructures on fracture modes and energy dissipation

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105247

Yonghuan Wang , Qinglei Zeng , Xun Xiong , Zhiyuan Zhu , Ying Li , Q.M. Li

Dual-phase structures in biological systems provide an efficient strategy for designing materials with superior mechanical performance. While the quasi-static mechanical properties of biomimetic dual-phase materials have been extensively investigated, their dynamic failure behaviors are significantly more complex. This complexity mainly arises from the interaction between the rate-dependent properties of constituent materials and the effects of microstructures, which remain less understood. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the dynamic failure processes of biomimetic dual-phase materials with various microstructures. Specimens incorporating soft and hard phases are additively manufactured, with variations in aspect ratio, volume fraction, and the shape of the hard phase. The fracture modes and energy dissipation of these structures at different impact velocities are studied with quasi-static and dynamic three-point bending tests. By combining experimental results with a rate-dependent tension-shear chain model, the dynamic failure mechanisms of dual-phase materials and the influence of their microstructures are revealed. As impact velocity increases, a fracture-mode transition from soft-phase fracture to both-phase fracture, and ultimately to hard-phase fracture is observed. Correspondingly, the energy dissipation exhibits an N-shaped curve (“increase-decrease-increase”) with respect to the impact velocity, achieving maximum dissipation when the fracture of both phases is balanced. Generally, larger aspect ratios, higher volume fractions, and triangular or circular shapes of the hard phase lead to fracture mode transitions at smaller impact velocities. This study highlights the potential for customizing microstructures of dual-phase materials to optimize energy dissipation in different impact environments.

{"title":"Dynamic failure of biomimetic dual-phase materials: Effects of microstructures on fracture modes and energy dissipation","authors":"Yonghuan Wang , Qinglei Zeng , Xun Xiong , Zhiyuan Zhu , Ying Li , Q.M. Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dual-phase structures in biological systems provide an efficient strategy for designing materials with superior mechanical performance. While the quasi-static mechanical properties of biomimetic dual-phase materials have been extensively investigated, their dynamic failure behaviors are significantly more complex. This complexity mainly arises from the interaction between the rate-dependent properties of constituent materials and the effects of microstructures, which remain less understood. In this work, we comprehensively investigate the dynamic failure processes of biomimetic dual-phase materials with various microstructures. Specimens incorporating soft and hard phases are additively manufactured, with variations in aspect ratio, volume fraction, and the shape of the hard phase. The fracture modes and energy dissipation of these structures at different impact velocities are studied with quasi-static and dynamic three-point bending tests. By combining experimental results with a rate-dependent tension-shear chain model, the dynamic failure mechanisms of dual-phase materials and the influence of their microstructures are revealed. As impact velocity increases, a fracture-mode transition from soft-phase fracture to both-phase fracture, and ultimately to hard-phase fracture is observed. Correspondingly, the energy dissipation exhibits an N-shaped curve (“increase-decrease-increase”) with respect to the impact velocity, achieving maximum dissipation when the fracture of both phases is balanced. Generally, larger aspect ratios, higher volume fractions, and triangular or circular shapes of the hard phase lead to fracture mode transitions at smaller impact velocities. This study highlights the potential for customizing microstructures of dual-phase materials to optimize energy dissipation in different impact environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50318,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Impact Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105247"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low-velocity impact performance and damage mechanisms of all-CFRP honeycomb sandwich shell

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105231

Zhibin Li , Yan Wang , Jian Xiong

This study investigates the damage behavior of all-CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) honeycomb sandwich shells subjected to low-velocity impacts, utilizing both experimental methods and simulation results based on the modified Hashin criterion. The results reveal that both the initial damage load and peak load significantly increase with facesheet thickness, while the increase due to impact energy is relatively modest. Moreover, impacts at the honeycomb center produce distinct cross-shaped damage, while impacts along the honeycomb cell walls result in more chaotic damage patterns. A comparison of axial and circumferential damage volumes indicates that the inherent circumferential curvature and complex boundary of honeycomb sandwich shells leads to greater damage in the circumferential direction. Additionally, foam-reinforced honeycomb shells are fabricated using a winding-based method combined with foam infusion, demonstrating how facesheet thickness and impact energy influence damage failure. The analysis of specific energy absorption efficiency shows that increasing facesheet thickness and adding foam significantly enhance energy absorption capabilities. Finally, the effects of impactor diameter and shape on the resulting damage are investigated, providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence the damage response of composite honeycomb sandwich shells under low-velocity impacts.

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