International Journal of Impact Engineering最新文献_第3页

Reliability-based evaluation of Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) ballistic resistance for performance prediction and design 基于可靠性评估的交叉层合木材（CLT）抗弹道性能预测与设计

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105617

Juliet Swinea , Iris Tien , Peter Stynoski , Lauren K. Stewart

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a promising sustainable building material for temporary and permanent military applications. Experimental research in the past decade informed design guidance for CLT components against blast loading and forced entry, but formal guidance for CLT systems under ballistic impact is not currently available partly due to inherent uncertainties affecting localized resistance. In this article, we investigate the impact of quasi-static wood material property variability on partial penetration ballistic resistance uncertainty by conducting 61 total ballistic impact experiments on an untested prominent structural species, Douglas Fir (DF). With the DF experimental results in combination with a leveraged CLT ballistic and material property database, we predict and characterize the ballistic resistance of any CLT panel using a defined single penetration depth equation and the computationally inexpensive reliability-based First-Order Second-Moment (FOSM) method. We use this approach to characterize and capture the inherent variability of CLT under ballistic impact, and represent resistance profiles as probabilistic distributions rather than single values. We apply the predictive method at different scales, from DF panel-specific single velocity estimates to full species partial penetration profiles. For each data grouping, the FOSM prediction fully captured within 95% confidence intervals the experimental dataset. Needing only two easily obtained wood material properties, the method provides accurate and robust predictions of the resistance of this variable material under dynamic localized loading. As a result, we argue predicted baseline resistance profiles considering inherent material variability can act as the informed starting point for decision makers to apply situation dependent design safety factors.

交叉层压木材（CLT）是一种很有前途的可持续建筑材料，可用于临时和永久军事用途。过去十年的实验研究为CLT组件抗爆炸载荷和强行进入的设计提供了指导，但由于固有的不确定性影响局部阻力，目前还没有针对CLT系统在弹道冲击下的正式指导。在本文中，我们研究了准静态木材材料性能变化对部分穿透弹道阻力不确定性的影响，通过对未测试的著名结构树种花旗松（DF）进行61次总弹道冲击实验。将DF实验结果与杠杆CLT弹道和材料特性数据库相结合，我们使用定义的单一侵彻深度方程和计算成本低廉的基于可靠性的一阶二阶矩（FOSM）方法预测和表征任何CLT面板的弹道阻力。我们使用这种方法来表征和捕捉弹道冲击下CLT的固有变异性，并将阻力曲线表示为概率分布而不是单一值。我们在不同的尺度上应用预测方法，从DF面板特定的单速度估计到全物种部分渗透剖面。对于每个数据分组，FOSM预测在实验数据集的95%置信区间内完全捕获。该方法只需要两种容易获得的木材材料性能，就可以准确、可靠地预测这种可变材料在动态局部载荷下的阻力。因此，我们认为，考虑到固有材料的可变性，预测的基线阻力曲线可以作为决策者应用情境相关设计安全系数的知情起点。

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引用次数: 0

Underwater impulsive response of a metallic negative Poisson's ratio assembled composite structure 金属负泊松比组合复合材料结构的水下脉冲响应

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105615

Lei-Lei Fei , Jin-Shui Yang , Cong Zhang , Wei-Jing Wang , Wei-Ming Zhang , Li Ma , Wei Zhang

The traditional negative Poisson's ratio structures have the unique advantages of high shear strength and specific energy absorption, but they usually lack load-bearing units in the transverse direction, resulting in relatively weak load-bearing capacity during the large deformation stage. In this paper, two types of metallic negative Poisson's ratio assembled composite structures are designed by assembling re-entrant honeycomb cells and double-arrow cells with deflection: the re-entrant double-arrow assembled composite structure and the asymmetrical re-entrant double-arrow assembled composite structure. Single-layer and double-layer metallic NPR assembled composite structures were fabricated using bending-vacuum brazing technology. Meanwhile, an experimental method was used to study the deformation mechanism of assembled composite structures under underwater impulsive loading by utilizing flying plate to strike pistons in a water tank, thereby generating shock wave pulses similar to those produced by explosive detonations. The impact process was numerically simulated using the Euler-Lagrange coupled method, and the simulation results agreed well with the experimental data. The results show that the deformation of the assembled structure's back plate is significantly reduced compared to the conventional re-entrant hexagonal honeycomb. Moreover, foam filling of the assembled structure greatly enhances its impact resistance. The research findings can provide valuable insights for the design of novel protective structures.

传统负泊松比结构具有高抗剪强度和比能吸收的独特优势，但通常缺乏横向承载单元，导致大变形阶段的承载能力相对较弱。本文设计了两种金属负泊松比组合复合材料结构，分别是重入式双箭头组合复合材料结构和带偏转的双箭头组合复合材料结构。采用弯曲真空钎焊技术制备了单层和双层金属NPR组合复合材料结构。同时，采用实验方法研究了水下脉冲载荷作用下组合复合材料结构的变形机理，利用飞板撞击水箱内的活塞，产生类似于炸药爆轰产生的激波脉冲。采用欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法对撞击过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好。结果表明，与传统的可入式六角形蜂窝结构相比，组合式结构的后板变形明显减小。此外，拼装结构的泡沫填充大大提高了其抗冲击性。研究结果可为新型防护结构的设计提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Elastic impact of Rayleigh–Love bar on half space 瑞利-洛夫杆对半空间的弹性冲击

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105614

Yifan Wang , Lei Wang , Hao Yan , Tao Wang

The elastic impact of a bar on a half-space, accounting for the lateral inertia effect of the bar, is investigated theoretically in this study. An analytical model is developed by coupling a quasi-static contact model with the Rayleigh–Love (RL) equation. The RL model can be degenerated to obtain the classic 1D model based on the classic 1D wave equation and bar impacting a rigid flat. Based on the RL model and the classical 1D model, three key dimensionless parameters and one governing dimensionless parameter are proposed, respectively. The effects of the three dimensionless parameters under the RL model on the lateral inertia effects during bar impact are investigated, and the evolution of contact force and contact duration with the governing dimensionless parameter within the framework of the classic 1D model is examined. Finally, based on the difference between the contact duration and the length of the corresponding perfect square-wave pulse, a quantitative equivalence criterion is provided for when the half-space can be treated as a rigid body.

考虑杆的侧向惯性效应，从理论上研究了杆对半空间的弹性冲击。将准静态接触模型与Rayleigh-Love （RL）方程耦合建立了解析模型。RL模型可以在经典一维波动方程和杆撞击刚性平面的基础上简并得到经典一维模型。基于RL模型和经典一维模型，分别提出了3个关键无量纲参数和1个控制无量纲参数。研究了RL模型下的3个无量纲参数对杆体碰撞侧向惯性效应的影响，并在经典一维模型框架下考察了控制无量纲参数对接触力和接触时间的影响。最后，根据接触持续时间与对应的完美方波脉冲长度之差，给出了当半空间可视为刚体时的定量等效判据。

引用次数: 0

Penetration-explosion resistance of novel steel fiber reinforced concrete-foam concrete composites reinforced by Re-entrant auxetic cellular frame 新型钢纤维增强混凝土-泡沫混凝土复合材料的抗侵爆性能

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105613

Guokang Song , Zhiyong Liu , Xiangye Jia , Jinyang Jiang

This study proposes a novel steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC)-foam concrete composites integrated with a re-entrant auxetic cellular frame composite target design. Projectile penetration and contact explosion tests were conducted, and a finite element model validated by experimental data was established to investigate the target’s dynamic responses and failure mechanisms under impact/explosive loads. Results show that in penetration tests, the SFRC layer acts as the primary impact-resistant component, effectively mitigating penetration-induced failure. Although the photosensitive resin-fabricated re-entrant auxetic frame has limited strength, its core contribution lies in enhancing the overall structural strength of the foam concrete matrix; under high-velocity impact, it exhibits a typical “tunnel-like” failure mode while retaining residual penetration resistance—attributed to its cellular frame induced lateral constraint on the foam matrix. For explosion performance, the SFRC layer absorbs most of the explosive energy, and the embedded auxetic frame further optimizes stress distribution (via lateral expansion under load) and facilitates energy dissipation, significantly improving the anti-explosive capacity of both the foam core layer and the entire target. This work offers a reliable experimental and simulation foundation for the parameter design and performance optimization of SFRC-based composite structures in impact and explosion resistance applications.

本研究提出了一种新型的钢纤维增强混凝土(SFRC)-泡沫混凝土复合材料与再入式多孔胞孔框架复合材料靶设计。进行了弹丸侵彻和接触爆炸试验，建立了经试验数据验证的有限元模型，研究了冲击/爆炸载荷作用下靶体的动态响应和破坏机理。结果表明，在侵彻试验中，SFRC层作为主要抗冲击构件，能有效缓解侵彻破坏。虽然光敏树脂制造的再入式减振框架强度有限，但其核心贡献在于提高泡沫混凝土基体的整体结构强度；在高速冲击下，由于其胞状框架对泡沫基质的侧向约束，在保留残余穿透阻力的情况下，它表现出典型的“隧道状”破坏模式。在爆炸性能方面，SFRC层吸收了大部分爆炸能量，嵌入的减振框架进一步优化了应力分布（通过荷载作用下的侧向膨胀），有利于消能，显著提高了泡沫核心层和整个靶体的抗爆能力。该工作为钢纤维复合材料抗冲击、抗爆炸结构的参数设计和性能优化提供了可靠的实验和仿真依据。

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引用次数: 0

A scaling method for predicting dynamic responses of reinforced concrete beams under blast loads 预测爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土梁动力响应的标度法

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105611

Sijia Liu, Li Chen

The dynamic responses of reinforced concrete (RC) beams under blast loads exhibit significant scaling effects due to nonlinear mechanical characteristics such as strain rate sensitivity and plastic damage, making traditional elasticity-based scaling methods inadequate for reliable prototype prediction. To overcome this limitation, this study extends the equivalent static load-based scaling method, previously proposed by our group, to RC beams. The method introduces a dimensionless correction factor K to adjust model test results without requiring complex modifications to initial test conditions. A finite element model incorporating the coupled influence of strain rate and damage was developed to simulate the midspan displacement responses of RC beams under blast loading, serving for assessing the method's validity and predictive accuracy. The results confirm that the proposed approach effectively captures scaling effects and significantly enhances the accuracy of prototype response prediction. The error can be kept within 3.87% when predicting the dynamic response of the prototype under blast loads from the test data of the model RC beam for a small geometric scaling factor of 1/10. The analytical framework provides both theoretical guidance and practical reference for scaled model testing and the analysis of complex structural responses under severe dynamic loads.

由于应变率敏感性和塑性损伤等非线性力学特性，钢筋混凝土梁在爆炸荷载作用下的动力响应表现出显著的标度效应，使得传统的基于弹性的标度方法无法实现可靠的原型预测。为了克服这一限制，本研究将我们小组先前提出的基于等效静荷载的标度方法扩展到RC梁。该方法引入无量纲修正因子K来调整模型试验结果，而不需要对初始试验条件进行复杂的修改。建立了考虑应变率和损伤耦合影响的有限元模型，模拟了爆炸荷载作用下RC梁跨中位移响应，验证了该方法的有效性和预测精度。结果表明，该方法有效地捕获了尺度效应，显著提高了原型响应预测的精度。在1/10的小几何比例因子下，利用模型梁的试验数据预测爆炸荷载作用下原型的动力响应，误差可控制在3.87%以内。该分析框架为结构在剧烈动荷载作用下的比例模型试验和复杂结构响应分析提供了理论指导和实践参考。

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引用次数: 0

The Influence of artificial gaps in locally resonant elastic metamaterial under impact loading 冲击载荷作用下局部共振弹性超材料中人工间隙的影响

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105612

Nicolás Contreras , Xihong Zhang , Hong Hao , Francisco Hernández

Locally resonant elastic metamaterials have garnered significant attention due to their unique capacity to attenuate stress waves without requiring large structures. However, the application of these elements is compromised by the narrowness and high frequency of their band gaps. Despite existing efforts to enhance the band gap performance, reducing its frequency to more favourable ranges for engineering applications is challenging. This study provides a new solution by introducing artificial gaps between the core and coating of locally resonant elements (LREs). Numerical analysis first revealed that introducing artificial gaps would shift the band gap location to lower frequencies. An experimental test was designed to validate this prediction. Specimens were numerically designed to ensure the experimental measurable band gap frequency range was fulfilled and that their core–coating combination would generate an effective band gap. A Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system was used to propagate high-frequency stress waves through samples incorporating locally resonant elements with artificial gaps. The experimental tests successfully detected the band gap in the specimens, confirming the predicted shift to lower frequencies. A parametric analysis was then carried out using the numerical model. It revealed that artificial gaps not only shift the band gap to lower frequencies but also increase its width. The load amplitude, number of resonators, and artificial gap size all influence the performance of the LRE with artificial gaps. A design methodology was proposed that could account for the effects of artificial gaps on band gap location, width, and attenuation, enabling the optimal design of locally resonant elements with artificial gaps.

局部共振弹性超材料由于其独特的不需要大型结构就能衰减应力波的能力而引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，这些元件的应用受到其带隙的窄性和高频率的影响。尽管目前已经在努力提高带隙性能，但将其频率降低到更适合工程应用的范围仍是一项挑战。本研究提供了一种新的解决方案，即在局部谐振元件的核心和涂层之间引入人工间隙。数值分析首先揭示了引入人工间隙会使带隙位置向低频偏移。设计了一个实验测试来验证这一预测。对试样进行了数值设计，以确保满足实验可测量的带隙频率范围，并确保其芯-涂层组合能够产生有效的带隙。采用分离式霍普金森压力杆系统将高频应力波通过带有人工间隙的局部谐振元件的样品传播。实验测试成功地检测到样品中的带隙，证实了预测的低频偏移。然后利用数值模型进行了参数分析。结果表明，人工隙不仅使带隙向更低的频率移动，而且增加了带隙的宽度。负载幅值、谐振器数量、人工间隙大小等因素都会影响有人工间隙的LRE的性能。提出了一种设计方法，可以考虑人工间隙对带隙位置、宽度和衰减的影响，从而实现具有人工间隙的局部谐振元件的优化设计。

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引用次数: 0

Nonlinear model of rubber pad for dynamic response prediction under high-acceleration shock in the shock calibration system 冲击标定系统中用于高加速度冲击动态响应预测的橡胶垫非线性模型

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105610

Bohan Shen , Qun Li , Haojie Li , Limu Qin , Wen He

A highly accurate nonlinear dynamic model was proposed to predict the dynamic response of rubber pads under high-acceleration shock in the shock calibration system. The viscoelastic and hyperelastic behaviors of the rubber material were integrated into the model while the effects of key parameters, including the rubber pads’ geometric parameters, hardness, and the hemispherical protrusion on the projectile utilized in the shock tests, were explicitly incorporated into the proposed model. Shock experiments were conducted using a shock calibration system and the experimental waveforms were obtained. The parameters of the model were identified using an integrated algorithm combining the Multi-Population Genetic Algorithm (MPGA) and Cuckoo Search (CS) by minimizing a weighted objective function that combining the error over the entire time history and at the peak acceleration between the predicted and experimental waveform. Relationships coupling the identified parameters, impact velocity, and rubber pads’ thickness were subsequently established. Based on these relationships, extrapolation validation was conducted to validate the model's correctness and generalizability. Compared to existing literature, the proposed model demonstrates superior accuracy in predicting responses not only under low accelerations but also under high accelerations, thereby addressing a significant research gap in high-acceleration prediction. Furthermore, the model exhibits excellent versatility by inherently incorporating parameters such as rubber hardness, geometric dimensions and impact velocity.

在冲击标定系统中，提出了一种高精度的非线性动力学模型来预测橡胶垫在高加速度冲击下的动态响应。将橡胶材料的粘弹性和超弹性行为纳入模型，并将橡胶垫的几何参数、硬度和半球形凸度等关键参数对冲击试验弹丸的影响明确纳入模型。利用冲击标定系统进行了冲击实验，得到了实验波形。采用多种群遗传算法（MPGA）和布谷鸟搜索（CS）相结合的综合算法，通过最小化一个加权目标函数，结合整个时间历史和峰值加速度波形与实验波形之间的误差，确定模型的参数。随后建立了识别参数与冲击速度、橡胶垫厚度之间的耦合关系。基于这些关系，进行外推验证，验证模型的正确性和泛化性。与现有文献相比，该模型在预测低加速度和高加速度下的响应方面都具有更高的准确性，从而解决了高加速度预测方面的重大研究空白。此外，该模型通过固有地纳入橡胶硬度、几何尺寸和冲击速度等参数，表现出优异的通用性。

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引用次数: 0

Non-ideal penetration / perforation performance of tungsten fiber reinforced metallic glass matrix composite long rod 钨纤维增强金属玻璃基复合材料长杆的非理想穿透/穿孔性能

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105609

Jicheng Li , Lang Zhang , Jianliang Chen , Fengpeng Zhao , Yongjun Deng , Ke Xie

Integrated with related oblique penetration / perforation experiments, three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations on the non-ideal penetration / perforation of tungsten fiber reinforced metallic glass matrix (WF/MG) composite long rods onto the steel target is conducted, and comparative analysis with the normal impact condition is also performed. Subsequently, the effects of various factors, including oblique angle, attack angle and impact velocity, etc., on the ‘self-sharpening’ behavior of composite rod and its corresponding ballistic performances are analyzed in detail. Related analysis shows that under oblique penetration / perforation conditions, due to the asymmetric force on the rod nose, the rod gradually sharpens into an asymmetric sharp shape, and deviation also occurs in the penetration trajectory, correspondingly the ‘self-sharpening’ behavior of composite rod is weakened, and its penetration capability is reduced. Under the impact conditions with an attack angle, the rod experiences a large lateral load, and it leads to bending deformation in the rod shank and yawing in the latter penetration stage, and deviation also occurs in the trajectory; besides, damage occurs in the internal matrix, and the overall structural integrity of long rod is weakened, thus its ‘self-sharpening’ behavior is gradually weakened. Additionally, the impact velocity significantly influences the ‘self-sharpening’ characteristics and the ballistic performance of the composite rod under the non-ideal impact conditions, and the weakness in the penetration capability of composite rod derived from the oblique angle and attack angle is much more remarkable when the impact velocity is low. When the oblique angle reaches 50°, the composite rod is unable to penetrate effectively into the target within the impact velocity range of 900 m/s, and rod skipping will occur if the oblique angle further increases. When the attack angle exceeds 2°, the composite rod is hard to maintain its structural integrity at all impact velocities and oblique angles.

结合相关斜侵彻实验，对钨纤维增强金属玻璃基（WF/MG）复合材料长棒在钢靶上的非理想侵彻进行了三维有限元模拟，并与正常冲击条件进行了对比分析。随后，详细分析了斜角、攻角、冲击速度等因素对复合材料杆的“自锐”性能及其弹道性能的影响。相关分析表明，在斜贯/射孔条件下，由于杆头受不对称力作用，杆逐渐锐化为不对称的尖形，同时侵彻轨迹也出现偏差，相应的，复合杆的“自锐”行为减弱，侵彻能力降低。在有攻角的冲击条件下，杆受到较大的侧向载荷，导致杆杆杆身发生弯曲变形，并在侵彻后期发生偏航，轨迹也出现偏差；此外，长杆内部基体发生损伤，整体结构完整性减弱，其“自锐”行为逐渐减弱。此外，在非理想冲击条件下，冲击速度对复合材料杆的“自锐化”特性和弹道性能有显著影响，当冲击速度较低时，复合材料杆的斜角和攻角对侵彻能力的影响更为明显。当斜角达到50°时，在900 m/s的冲击速度范围内，复合杆无法有效侵彻目标，斜角进一步增大会出现跳杆现象。当攻角超过2°时，复合材料杆在任何冲击速度和斜角下都难以保持结构完整性。

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引用次数: 0

A new method for quantifying the attenuation behavior of stress wave propagation in rock with high strain rates and high-frequency excitation 一种量化高应变率高频激励下应力波在岩石中的衰减特性的新方法

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105608

Boyang Zhu , Xin Bao , Tianchun Ai , Shutao Li , Gang Li , Shiwei Wang , Jingbo Liu

The analysis of rock stress wave attenuation under high-frequency and high-strain-rate conditions constitutes a critical component in the prevention and mitigation of extreme dynamic load-induced disasters. However, there are some limits with traditional methods, including reliance on long rock specimens and restricted accuracy in high-frequency loading, hindering the accurate evaluation of attenuation behavior. This paper presents a novel methodology based on wavefield decoupling in short rock bars and frequency-domain analysis to tackle these issues. By examining the superposition of multiple reflected waves within short rock specimens in the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus, the proposed method overcomes the limitations of traditional techniques concerning specimen size and high-strain-rate simulation, while also simplifying experimental complexity. Furthermore, a stepwise calibration strategy for viscoelastic constitutive parameters is developed on frequency-domain analysis, streamlining the quantification procedure. Experimental validation demonstrates that the proposed method markedly reduces errors in evaluating high-frequency stress wave attenuation when compared with traditional methods. Numerical simulations further confirm that the calibrated constitutive model reliably reproduces the measured waveforms, underscoring its excellent engineering applicability. These findings provide an efficient and reliable technical framework for analyzing rock stress wave attenuation and calibrating constitutive model parameters in extreme dynamic loading scenarios.

高频、高应变率条件下岩石应力波衰减分析是预防和减轻极端动载灾害的重要组成部分。然而，传统方法存在一些局限性，包括对长岩石试样的依赖以及高频加载时精度的限制，阻碍了对衰减行为的准确评估。本文提出了一种基于短岩棒波场解耦和频域分析的新方法来解决这些问题。通过在分离式霍普金森压杆（Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar， SHPB）装置中检测短岩石试样中多个反射波的叠加，该方法克服了传统方法在试样尺寸和高应变率模拟方面的局限性，同时简化了实验复杂性。在此基础上，提出了基于频域分析的粘弹性本构参数逐步标定策略，简化了量化过程。实验验证表明，与传统方法相比，该方法显著降低了高频应力波衰减评估的误差。数值模拟进一步证实了校正后的本构模型能够可靠地再现实测波形，突出了其良好的工程适用性。这些研究结果为极端动载情况下岩石应力波衰减分析和本构模型参数校准提供了有效可靠的技术框架。

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引用次数: 0

Taylor impact response of tungsten heavy alloy: Multi-scale experiments and modeling 钨重合金泰勒冲击响应：多尺度实验与建模

IF 5.1 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Impact Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2025.105607

Christian C. Roth , Teresa Fras , Dirk Mohr

This study examines the impact response and fracture behavior of 8 mm diameter tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) rods using a combined experimental and numerical approach. To address the dimensional constraints of the raw material, characterization is performed at two scales: conventional axisymmetric specimens for large-scale tension and compression tests, and sub-8 mm flat miniature specimens to probe a wide range of stress states, from shear to biaxial tension. Quasi-static and dynamic tests reveal significant strain rate sensitivity and a pronounced strength differential effect, with compressive flow stress approximately 14% higher than in tension. Taylor impact experiments are conducted with WHA projectiles and tungsten-carbide targets at velocities up to 180 m/s. A Drucker-Prager plasticity model, combined with Swift-Voce hardening and a modified Johnson-Cook rate/temperature dependence, captures the observed plastic response. Fracture initiation is accurately described using a strain rate dependent Hosford-Coulomb model. The calibrated model successfully predicts the crack initiation under various stress states, including the loading histories during projectile impact. The results demonstrate a robust methodology for characterizing and modeling metallic projectiles, particularly when conventional testing is limited by specimen size.

本研究采用实验和数值相结合的方法研究了直径为8mm的重合金钨棒的冲击响应和断裂行为。为了解决原材料的尺寸限制，在两个尺度上进行了表征：用于大规模拉伸和压缩测试的常规轴对称试件，以及用于探测从剪切到双轴拉伸等各种应力状态的低于8毫米的扁平微型试件。准静态和动态试验显示了显著的应变率敏感性和明显的强度差效应，压缩流动应力比拉伸时高约14%。泰勒冲击实验是用WHA弹丸和碳化钨靶以高达180米/秒的速度进行的。Drucker-Prager塑性模型，结合Swift-Voce硬化和改进的Johnson-Cook速率/温度依赖性，捕获了观察到的塑性响应。断裂起裂是用应变速率相关的霍斯福德-库仑模型精确描述的。校正后的模型成功地预测了各种应力状态下的裂纹起裂，包括弹丸撞击过程中的加载历史。结果证明了一个强大的方法表征和建模金属弹丸，特别是当传统的测试是有限的试样尺寸。

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引用次数: 0