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A cumulative damage model based on deformation-energy parameters for flexible barriers under multiple repeated impacts 基于变形能量参数的多次重复撞击下柔性壁障累积损伤模型
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105093

Existing flexible rockfall barrier systems are frequently exposed to repeated rockfall impacts during use, yet research addressing the cumulative damage sustained by these systems remains limited. A novel numerical simulation method is proposed to study the effects of repeated impacts on flexible barrier systems, which considers the damage and deformation accumulation of components through a complete restart method. Two full-scale sequential impact tests were conducted to validate this numerical simulation method's effectiveness. The impact conditions for both tests were service energy level (SEL). The deformation behavior and energy dissipation mechanism of the flexible barrier system subjected to repeated impacts were examined. The findings indicate that the net serves as the primary component undergoing deformation during rockfall impacts, with the residual deflection of the wire-ring net accounting for approximately 61 % and 58 % of the system's overall residual deflection in the respective tests. Furthermore, the energy dissipators emerge as the principal components responsible for energy dissipation, constituting approximately 71 % and 64 % of the system's energy dissipation in the two tests, respectively. Considering that both the net and the energy dissipator are key components influencing the barrier system's ability to withstand rockfall impacts, they are also prone to experiencing the most severe damage. Methods for calculating the damage of the components have been devised. The residual deflection of the wire-ring net and the energy dissipated by the energy dissipators are employed as parameters for assessing damage. A method for estimating structural damage is developed using a two-parameter model for deflection and energy dissipation. A parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of the flexible barrier system under repeated impacts spanning impact energies from 100 kJ to 2000 kJ. The cumulative damage in both the barrier and its components is thoroughly investigated. A simplified criteria for assessing cumulative structural damage incurred as the barrier undergoes multiple repeated impacts is proposed. The study findings indicate a linear relationship between the number of impacts and both component and structural damage, with the slope of this relationship positively correlating with impact energy. Structural damage can be characterized by damage of the net and the energy dissipators, with the latter as the primary influencing factor. The findings presented in this paper offer valuable insights for informing engineering maintenance decisions.

现有的柔性落石护栏系统在使用过程中经常受到反复的落石冲击,但针对这些系统所遭受的累积损害的研究仍然有限。本文提出了一种新的数值模拟方法来研究反复冲击对柔性护栏系统的影响,该方法通过完全重启法考虑了部件的损伤和变形累积。为了验证这种数值模拟方法的有效性,进行了两次全尺寸连续冲击试验。两次试验的冲击条件均为服务能级(SEL)。研究了柔性屏障系统在反复冲击下的变形行为和能量耗散机制。研究结果表明,在落石冲击过程中,网是发生变形的主要部件,线环网的残余变形分别占系统整体残余变形的 61% 和 58%。此外,消能装置是负责消能的主要部件,在两次试验中分别占系统消能的约 71% 和 64%。考虑到防护网和消能装置都是影响屏障系统抵御落石冲击能力的关键部件,它们也容易遭受最严重的损坏。已设计出计算这些组件损坏程度的方法。线环网的残余挠度和消能装置耗散的能量被用作评估损坏情况的参数。利用挠度和能量耗散的双参数模型,开发了一种估算结构损坏的方法。进行了参数分析,以评估柔性护栏系统在 100 kJ 至 2000 kJ 的重复冲击能量下的性能。对屏障及其部件的累积损伤进行了深入研究。提出了一个简化的标准,用于评估屏障在多次重复撞击时产生的累积结构损伤。研究结果表明,撞击次数与部件和结构损坏之间存在线性关系,这种关系的斜率与撞击能量呈正相关。结构损坏的特点是网和消能装置的损坏,而后者是主要的影响因素。本文的研究结果为工程维护决策提供了宝贵的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of multi-layer windshield consisting of glass and polycarbonate against bird strike 由玻璃和聚碳酸酯组成的多层挡风玻璃防鸟击行为的实验和数值研究
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105092

Bird strike is one of the major threats in the aerospace industry as it can result in serious structural damages and fatal incidents. The current study addressed the bird strike to the airplane windshield both experimentally and numerically. The windshield was considered to comprise glass and polycarbonate (PC) layers as well as TPU interlayer. The bird mass and speed upon collision to the windshield were considered 80–180 m/s and 1.8 kg, respectively. The experimental findings and numerical simulation results showed a proper agreement. The results also revealed the higher strength of the windshield with polycarbonate layer compare to the one with glass main layer. Bird strike with W-1 at the velocity of 160 m/s showed no fracture while the windshield with pure glass main layer broke upon bird strike at velocities below 120 m/s. The influence of various layouts was also assessed. Finally, it can be concluded that the incorporation of polycarbonate enhanced the strength of the windshield.

鸟击是航空航天业的主要威胁之一,因为它可能导致严重的结构损坏和致命事故。目前的研究通过实验和数值计算解决了鸟击飞机挡风玻璃的问题。挡风玻璃由玻璃层、聚碳酸酯(PC)层和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)夹层组成。鸟撞击挡风玻璃时的质量和速度分别为 80-180 米/秒和 1.8 千克。实验结果和数值模拟结果显示两者完全一致。结果还显示,与玻璃主层的挡风玻璃相比,聚碳酸酯层的挡风玻璃强度更高。速度为 160 米/秒的 W-1 飞鸟撞击挡风玻璃后未出现断裂,而纯玻璃主层的挡风玻璃在速度低于 120 米/秒的飞鸟撞击下出现断裂。此外,还评估了各种布局的影响。最后得出的结论是,聚碳酸酯的加入增强了挡风玻璃的强度。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on dynamic response of thin spherical shells impacted by flat-nose projectile based on a novel damage model 基于新型损伤模型的扁鼻弹丸撞击薄球壳动态响应研究
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105090

Thin-shell structures are widely used in various engineering applications. It is essential to investigate the impact resistance of thin-shell structures, to provide theoretical support for engineering applications. Numerous impact tests have been conducted on thin spherical shells using ballistic guns. The effects of the impact velocity and shell thickness on the deformation and fracture of thin spherical shells are summarized. Moreover, a novel damage model based on statistic damage mechanics is proposed to better predict dynamic responses of thin shells impacted by projectiles. Considering that fracture surfaces are formed by void evolution and are affected by the stress states, the damage level is defined as the ratio of the statistical cross-sectional area of the voids to the cross-sectional area of the representative elements. Utilizing statistical methods, the incorporation of continuous void nucleation, ellipsoidal void growth, and the acceleration of dynamic void evolution are introduced into the novel damage model. Subsequently, numerical investigations of the dynamic response of spherical shells under impact are conducted based on the proposed damage model. The numerical results are consistent with the experimental results in terms of the depression deformations and strain signals. The effects of shell thickness and double-layer structures on the dynamic response of spherical shells are investigated via numerical simulations considering the novel damage model in detail. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately predict the dynamic response of spherical shells impacted by flat-nose projectiles, thus serving as a valuable reference for engineering design.

薄壳结构广泛应用于各种工程领域。研究薄壳结构的抗冲击性能,为工程应用提供理论支持是非常重要的。利用弹道枪对薄球壳进行了大量的冲击试验。总结了冲击速度和壳体厚度对薄球壳变形和断裂的影响。此外,还提出了一种基于统计损伤力学的新型损伤模型,以更好地预测薄壳在受到弹丸冲击时的动态响应。考虑到断裂面是由空隙演变形成的,并受到应力状态的影响,损伤程度被定义为空隙的统计截面积与代表性元素截面积之比。利用统计方法,将连续空洞成核、椭圆形空洞生长和动态空洞演化加速度引入新型损伤模型。随后,基于所提出的损伤模型,对球形壳体在冲击下的动态响应进行了数值研究。在凹陷变形和应变信号方面,数值结果与实验结果一致。详细考虑了新的损伤模型,通过数值模拟研究了壳体厚度和双层结构对球形壳体动态响应的影响。结果表明,所提出的模型可以准确预测平鼻弹丸撞击球壳的动态响应,从而为工程设计提供有价值的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanism of pre-tension on the impact response of plain weave fabric: Experimental and numerical investigation 预拉伸对平纹织物冲击响应的影响机制:实验和数值研究
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105096

The fabrics made of high strength and toughness fibers are increasingly used in the structural and individual protection. The research on energy dissipation mechanism and the improvement methods for improving energy dissipation of the fabric under impact, as well as the change of ballistic limit velocity under pre-stress, is relatively mature. However, the transmission mode and velocity of transverse wave in the fabric, as well as the method of accurate finite element simulation is still lacking. In this paper, the transverse impact response of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric subjected to fragment impact is studied experimentally and numerically. A novel biaxial pre-tension fixture was developed, and fragment impact test of the fabric in pre-tension state was realized using a gas gun. The displacement-time history of each point on the fabric in three-dimensional space was characterized through 3-D DIC technology, and the process of transverse wave transmission on the fabric after fragment impact was obtained. The calculated results of the finite element model established by truss element agrees reasonably well with the experimental results. The experimental and numerical results indicate that the impact velocity of fragment affects the velocity of transverse wave in the fabric, but does not change its transmission mode. With the increase of pre-tension amount, the propagation mode changes from a cross shape to a rhombic shape and finally to a circular shape, and the wave velocity increases greatly. The wave transmission process in yarns at a mesoscopic level was analyzed through finite element simulation, and the transmission path was determined. It was found that pre-tension accelerated the wave velocity on the stepwise path, causing the transverse wave to reach a farther position in the diagonal direction of the fabric, resulting in different modes of wave transmission. The research content may provide more ways for the application of fabrics in protection.

由高强度和高韧性纤维制成的织物越来越多地应用于结构和个体防护领域。关于织物在冲击作用下的耗能机理和提高耗能效果的改进方法,以及预应力作用下弹道极限速度变化的研究已相对成熟。然而,横波在织物中的传播方式和速度,以及精确的有限元模拟方法仍然缺乏。本文通过实验和数值模拟研究了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)织物在受到碎片冲击时的横向冲击响应。开发了一种新型双轴预拉伸夹具,并使用气枪实现了织物在预拉伸状态下的碎片冲击试验。通过三维 DIC 技术表征了织物上各点在三维空间中的位移时间历程,并获得了碎片冲击后横波在织物上的传播过程。用桁架元素建立的有限元模型的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。实验和数值结果表明,碎片的冲击速度会影响横波在织物中的传播速度,但不会改变其传播方式。随着预拉伸量的增加,传播模式由十字形变为菱形,最后变为圆形,波速也大大增加。通过有限元模拟分析了纱线在介观层面上的波传播过程,并确定了传播路径。研究发现,预拉伸加速了阶梯路径上的波速,使横波到达织物对角线方向上更远的位置,从而形成不同的波传播模式。研究内容可为织物在防护领域的应用提供更多途径。
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引用次数: 0
Study on fracture characteristics of surrounding rock of twin tunnels under various crack inclination and location conditions 不同裂缝倾角和位置条件下双线隧道围岩的断裂特性研究
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105084

In some practical projects, two neighboring tunnels are often constructed in natural rock bodies that have a significant number of fractures with unpredictable inclination angles and locations. To study dynamic fracture characteristics of the surrounding rock mass of the twin tunnels containing a crack with different crack inclinations and crack locations, an experimental model of a cracked twin tunnel was designed and proposed, dynamic experimental analyses were carried out by using a traditional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device and digital image correlation (DIC) method, followed by simulation conducted by using LS-DYNA code. The findings indicate that the spandrels and corners of the twin tunnels nearest the pre-cracks are more vulnerable to failure under dynamic loads, resulting in tunnels joining the ends of the pre-cracks. With various crack inclinations and crack locations, the initial cracks are typically produced at the roof and floor of the tunnel, as well as at the points of the pre-cracks. The specimen's kind of crack and its emergence site are connected. Crack inclination and location have little influence on the maximum displacement value in the twin tunnels. The study's findings could offer a fresh theoretical direction for evaluating the stability of twin tunnels when there are numerous joints and flaws.

在一些实际工程中,往往会在天然岩体中建造两条相邻的隧道,而天然岩体中存在大量裂缝,且裂缝的倾角和位置难以预测。为了研究含有不同裂缝倾角和裂缝位置的裂缝双隧道围岩体的动态断裂特征,设计并提出了裂缝双隧道的实验模型,利用传统的分体式霍普金森压力棒(SHPB)装置和数字图像相关(DIC)方法进行了动态实验分析,然后利用 LS-DYNA 代码进行了模拟。研究结果表明,在动荷载作用下,最靠近预裂缝的双隧道拱顶和拐角处更容易发生破坏,导致隧道与预裂缝两端相连。在不同的裂缝倾斜度和裂缝位置下,隧道顶部和底部以及预裂缝点通常会产生初始裂缝。试样的裂缝类型与裂缝出现的位置有关。裂缝的倾斜度和位置对双隧道的最大位移值影响不大。研究结果可为评估存在大量接缝和缺陷的双隧道的稳定性提供新的理论方向。
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引用次数: 0
Similarity law of global and local responses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to impact loading 钢筋混凝土梁在冲击荷载作用下的整体响应和局部响应的相似律
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105085

In the experiment of scaled models to dealing with the impact of reinforced concrete large structures, the strain rate hardening effect can lead to significant differences between the dynamic responses of prototype and model. In the present study, this thorny problem is solved by adjusting the impact velocity. Based on the mechanisms of different dynamic responses, the similarity laws for the global and local responses of reinforced concrete beams subjected to impact loading are proposed by considering the strain-rate effect of materials through Buckingham Π-theorem, where constitutive models of different materials are employed for inferring dynamic stress. In dimensional analysis, multiple control factors need to be considered simultaneously, such as the strain-rate effects of steel and concrete, since reinforced concrete components are typical composite structures. The similarity law cannot be unified when considering multiple control factors. In view of this, it is recommended to estimate the dynamic response of reinforced concrete components subjected to impact loading through the upper and lower bounds of similarity law. The upper bound of similarity law is based on the strain-rate effect of concrete, while the lower bound of similarity law is based on the strain-rate effect of steel bar. The numerical models of reinforced concrete beams are established based on the experimental background. The numerical simulations with different scaling factors indicate that the model modified by the lower bound of similarity law can better predict the global response of prototype, while the model modified by the upper bound of similarity law can more accurately predict the local response of prototype. In addition, the influence of dynamic elastic modulus of reinforced concrete on the similarity law is discussed through comparative analysis.

在处理钢筋混凝土大型结构冲击的比例模型实验中,应变速率硬化效应会导致原型和模型的动态响应之间存在显著差异。本研究通过调整冲击速度来解决这一棘手问题。根据不同动态响应的机理,通过白金汉Π定理考虑材料的应变速率效应,提出了钢筋混凝土梁在冲击荷载作用下的全局和局部响应相似律,其中采用了不同材料的构成模型来推断动态应力。在尺寸分析中,由于钢筋混凝土构件是典型的复合结构,因此需要同时考虑多个控制因素,如钢筋和混凝土的应变速率效应。在考虑多个控制因素时,相似律无法统一。有鉴于此,建议通过相似律的上界和下界来估算钢筋混凝土构件在冲击荷载作用下的动态响应。相似律的上界基于混凝土的应变率效应,而相似律的下界基于钢筋的应变率效应。基于实验背景建立了钢筋混凝土梁的数值模型。不同比例系数的数值模拟结果表明,按相似律下限修正的模型能更好地预测原型的整体响应,而按相似律上限修正的模型能更准确地预测原型的局部响应。此外,还通过对比分析讨论了钢筋混凝土动态弹性模量对相似律的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Study of similarity with distorted configurations of geometry via numerical models 通过数值模型研究几何扭曲配置的相似性
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105080

Due to technical restrictions, the construction of a scaled structure (model) with all required dimensions can pose challenge in certain experimental impact tests. Consequently, one of the dimensions of the structure may be distorted, infringing the prerequisite conditions for the Π theorem, and rendering similarity unattainable. In the present work, a method that changes the striker initial velocity in order to compensate for geometric distortion is analysed. The factors calculated in this technique allow estimating the real-size structure (prototype) by using scaled models. Initially, a structure comprising two plates clamped together and subjected to impact by a mass is employed to illustrate the method. Subsequently, two models with distorted thickness are tested through numerical simulations: a clamped tube struck by a rigid mass; a buffer bow colliding with a rigid wall. A comprehensive analysis of the results and the limitations of the method is done to ascertain the sources of errors and determine which structures types can benefit from this technique.

由于技术上的限制,在某些实验性冲击测试中,要建造一个具有所有必要尺寸的按比例结构(模型)可能会遇到困难。因此,结构的某个尺寸可能会发生变形,从而违反了 Π 定理的前提条件,导致相似性无法实现。本研究分析了一种改变前锋初速度以补偿几何变形的方法。利用该技术计算出的系数,可以通过缩放模型估算出实际尺寸的结构(原型)。首先,使用了一个由夹在一起的两块板组成的结构来说明该方法,该结构受到一个质量块的冲击。随后,通过数值模拟测试了两个厚度变形的模型:被刚性质量撞击的夹紧管;与刚性壁碰撞的缓冲弓。对结果和该方法的局限性进行了综合分析,以确定误差来源,并确定哪些结构类型可从该技术中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and numerical investigations on dynamic response of butt-welded plates subjected to blast load 承受爆炸荷载的对接焊接板动态响应的实验和数值研究
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105082

Experimental and numerical investigations on the small-size butt-welded plates subjected to air blast loads were conducted to highlight the effect of welded joints on the blast proof structures. The inherent characteristics of welded joints, including geometry, mechanical properties and welding residual stress were evaluated and discussed in the computation of blast loading. The geometry shape was assessed through macrographic of the welded joints. The distribution of mechanical and thermal physics property was determined through basic experiments using the specimens extracted from different zones of a welded joint. Welding residual stress was calculated in a thermo-mechanical coupled model. Conventional Weapons Effects Program (CONWEP) is more economic but limited compared with Arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. ALE and CONWEP methods were applied to simulate the air blast load applied on the plates. Effectiveness and efficiency of the methods were discussed. The results of the two programs could both coincide well with the experiment measurements. The models under six conditions were calculated to uncouple and discuss the effect of material property distribution and welding residual stress on the dynamic response of the welded structure. Permanent deflections were considered to assess the capacity of welded structures. Welding residual stress fields and the local weak materials are advantageous to the bending deformation. The phenomenological expressions of permanent deflection across thickness under different welding conditions were established based on simulation results. The effect of aspect ratio of the welded structures was also be discussed.

对承受空气爆炸荷载的小型对接焊接板进行了实验和数值研究,以突出焊接接头对防爆结构的影响。在计算爆炸荷载时,对焊接接头的固有特性,包括几何形状、机械性能和焊接残余应力进行了评估和讨论。几何形状是通过对焊接接头的宏观成像进行评估的。通过使用从焊接接头不同区域提取的试样进行基本实验,确定了机械和热物理特性的分布。焊接残余应力通过热机械耦合模型进行计算。与任意-拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)方法相比,常规武器效应程序(CONWEP)更经济,但也有局限性。ALE 和 CONWEP 方法被用于模拟施加在板材上的空气爆炸载荷。讨论了这两种方法的有效性和效率。两个程序的结果都能很好地与实验测量结果相吻合。对六种条件下的模型进行了计算,以消除和讨论材料特性分布和焊接残余应力对焊接结构动态响应的影响。考虑了永久挠度以评估焊接结构的承载能力。焊接残余应力场和局部薄弱材料对弯曲变形有利。根据模拟结果,建立了不同焊接条件下跨厚度永久挠度的现象表达式。此外,还讨论了焊接结构高宽比的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging the gap between rate-dependent plasticity and stress wave dynamics: Calibrating a constitutive model for high-strength steel by inverse optimization 缩小速率相关塑性与应力波动力学之间的差距:通过逆向优化校准高强度钢的构造模型
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105087

We present an approach for quantifying the flow stress of metals under dynamic loads, based on experiments that involve distinct but related physical phenomena. In modified Taylor tests, a stress-wave generated velocity–time signal is measured, which indirectly provides information on the plastic deformation behavior of the tested material at high strain rate. The Johnson–Cook plasticity model is calibrated for a high-strength steel on the basis of such measurements in combination with quasi-static and dynamic tensile test data. The plasticity model parameters are found with differential evolution through the inverse optimization of material test simulations. A consistent set of model parameters is identified that reproduces measurements from all types of tests. The obtained plasticity model features a small initial yield stress, which is compensated by large strain hardening so as to produce a realistic engineering yield stress. An independent calibration method is employed, by regression of the model on quasi-static and dynamic tensile test results, that confirms the validity of the plasticity model parameter values.

我们提出了一种量化动态载荷下金属流动应力的方法,该方法基于涉及不同但相关物理现象的实验。在改良泰勒试验中,测量应力波产生的速度-时间信号,可间接提供被测材料在高应变速率下的塑性变形行为信息。根据这些测量数据,结合准静态和动态拉伸试验数据,对高强度钢的约翰逊-库克塑性模型进行了校准。通过对材料试验模拟进行反向优化,以差分演化的方式找到塑性模型参数。最终确定了一套一致的模型参数,可以再现所有类型试验的测量结果。所获得的塑性模型具有较小的初始屈服应力,并通过较大的应变硬化进行补偿,从而产生现实的工程屈服应力。通过对准静态和动态拉伸试验结果进行回归,采用了一种独立的校准方法,证实了塑性模型参数值的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical response and failure mechanism of circular inclusion embedded in brittle materials under dynamic impact 脆性材料中嵌入的圆形包体在动态冲击下的机械响应和破坏机理
IF 5.1 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2024.105088

Inclusions are prevalent in both natural and synthetic materials. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of their dynamic response and interaction with the surrounding matrix is essential in fundamental mechanics and engineering applications. This study aims to achieve such understanding through theoretical analysis, experimental investigations, and numerical simulations, focusing on the dynamic destruction of inclusions and the underlying mechanisms. Firstly, the circumferential, radial, and shear stresses around elastic heterogeneous inclusions were derived by the wave function expansion and Duhamel integration methods. Subsequently, a set of experiments on sandstone specimens containing three types of inclusions (plaster, epoxy resin, cement) were conducted utilizing the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system in conjunction with high-speed photography and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques to obtain the surface deformation of inclusion specimens. Eventually, a series of Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical simulations adopted suitable materials were also carried out to investigate the fracture process of inclusion and matrix under dynamic impact. The results demonstrate that the stress distributions and fracture mode of matrix and inclusion are highly dependent on the physical and mechanical properties of the inclusions and the surrounding matrix, specifically, density ρ, elastic modulus E, Poisson's ratio v, and strength. With an increase in the E and v, there is a reduction in the concentration of circumferential stress, while the radial and shear stresses experience an increase. The experimental and numerical results corroborated the theoretical findings and indicated that the localized dynamic stress concentrations induced by wave scattering around the inclusions directly dominated both local and overall specimen failure. Due to the dissimilarities in elastic parameters and strength between the inclusion and the matrix, the stress state of the inclusion and the interface is not homogeneous. Under dynamic loading, the weaker inclusion experiences tensile cracking at both ends of the loading, and as the mechanical properties (ρ, E, v, and strength) of the inclusion rise, a transition from tensile- hybrid-shear failure occurs within the inclusion. The findings of this study help us understand the dynamic failure mechanisms of dissimilar inclusions in brittle material.

夹杂物在天然材料和合成材料中都很普遍。全面了解夹杂物的动态响应及其与周围基体的相互作用对基础力学和工程应用至关重要。本研究旨在通过理论分析、实验研究和数值模拟实现这种理解,重点关注夹杂物的动态破坏及其内在机制。首先,通过波函数展开和杜哈梅尔积分法推导了弹性异质夹杂物周围的圆周应力、径向应力和剪切应力。随后,对含有三种夹杂物(石膏、环氧树脂、水泥)的砂岩试样进行了一系列实验,利用分体式霍普金森压力棒(SHPB)系统,结合高速摄影和数字图像相关(DIC)技术,获得了夹杂物试样的表面变形。最后,还采用合适的材料进行了一系列有限元法(FEM)数值模拟,以研究包体和基体在动态冲击下的断裂过程。结果表明,基体和夹杂物的应力分布和断裂模式高度依赖于夹杂物和周围基体的物理和机械性能,特别是密度ρ、弹性模量E、泊松比v和强度。随着弹性模量 E 和泊松比 v 的增加,圆周应力的集中程度会降低,而径向应力和剪切应力则会增加。实验和数值结果证实了理论结论,并表明夹杂物周围的波散射引起的局部动态应力集中直接主导了局部和整体试样的破坏。由于夹杂物和基体的弹性参数和强度不同,夹杂物和界面的应力状态并不均匀。在动态加载下,较弱的包体在加载两端出现拉伸开裂,随着包体机械性能(ρ、E、v 和强度)的上升,包体内部出现了从拉伸-混合-剪切破坏的转变。这项研究的结果有助于我们理解脆性材料中异种夹杂物的动态破坏机制。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Impact Engineering
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